International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET)

Volume 8, Issue 2, February 2017, pp. 631641 Article ID: IJCIET_08_02_065

Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=8&IType=2
ISSN Print: 0976-6308 and ISSN Online: 0976-6316

IAEME Publication Scopus Indexed

IMPLEMENTATION OF AN IDEAL IRRIGATION

SYSTEM TO COVER DEFICIT OF CROP WATER NEED
FOR KHANDESH REGION
Prof. V. N. Borse
Head of Department, Department of Civil Engineering
G.H. Raisoni Institute of Technology and Management, Shift Polytechnic, Jalgaon

Prof. H. B. Patil
Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering
G.H. Raisoni Institute of Technology and Management, Shift Polytechnic, Jalgaon

Prof. S.R. Kolhe

Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering
G.H. Raisoni Institute of Technology and Management, Shift Polytechnic, Jalgaon

Prof. R. V. Karamchandani
Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering
G.H. Raisoni Institute of Technology and Management, Shift Polytechnic, Jalgaon

ABSTRACT
In this paper study of site condition which includes availability of water, type of soil, Nature of
land, climatic conditions is studied. According to these studies many things in the field of irrigation
practiced wrongly. Such as somewhere availability of water is much more but farmer irrigates field
by using drip irrigation system instead of sprinkle irrigation system.
Cite This Article: Prof. V. N. Borse, Prof. H. B. Patil, Prof. S.R. Kolhe and Prof. R. V.
Karamchandani, Implementation of An Ideal Irrigation System To Cover Deficit of Crop Water Need
For Khandesh Region. India. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 8(2), 2017,
pp. 631641.
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=8&IType=2

1. INTRODUCTION
Now days we are witness of developed modern irrigation system in all over the country. Irrigation has been
around for as long as humans have been cultivating plants. Human first invention after he learned how to
grow plants from seeds was probably a bucket. Ancient people must have been strong from having to haul
buckets full of water to pour on their first plants. Pouring water on fields is still a common irrigation method

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 Prof. V. N. Borse, Prof. H. B. Patil, Prof. S.R. Kolhe and Prof. R. V. Karamchandani

today but other, more efficient and mechanized methods are also used. But at the time of adopt irrigation
technique many points not consider such as type of earth, water availability, nature of earth, type of crop.
Area like khandesh (North Maharashtra) where availability of water in some portion is high, somewhere
very low. In khandesh there is nature, soil, availability of water changes place to place.
This paper focuses on necessary irrigation techniques for particular portion which may more beneficial
according to site condition. In simple words in this paper suitable irrigation system according to various
parameters is studied.
Khandesh is a north Maharashtra region of India, Which includes three districts Jalgaon, Dhule and
Nandurbar and some portion of Nashik also.
Its having 10041Sq.miles area. According to 2011 census, approximate 11438874 is population of
Khandesh having 318 densities. In North Maharashtra there are 25 tahsils and 3500 villages. The main
occupation of Khandesh is farming. Khandesh is boundary of Maharashtra State, Gujrat and Madhya Pradesh
are neighboring states of Khandesh. Khandesh lies on the northwestern corner the deccan plateau, in the
valley of Tapi river, and is bound to the north by Satpuda range.
The main natural feature is the Tapi river. The Tapi flows westward from headwaters in southern Madhya
Pradesh to empty into the Arabian Sea. The Tapi receives water from thirteen principal tributaries in its
course through north Maharashtra. Tapi is only one river which is navigable and the Tapi flows in a deep fall
bed which historically made it difficult to use for irrigation. Most of Khandesh situated south of the Tapi,
and is recharged by its tributaries the Girna, Bori and Panjhra. The alluvial plain north of the Tapi contains
some of the richest tracts in Khandesh, and the land rises towards the Satpuda hills.

2. IRRIGATION SYSTEM
Types of Irrigation Systems Irrigation is an artificial application of water to the soil usually for assisting in
growing of crops. Some types of irrigation systems include:

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 Implementation of An Ideal Irrigation System To Cover Deficit of Crop Water Need For Khandesh Region

Surface Irrigation
Sprinkler Irrigation
Drip Irrigation
Centre Pivot Irrigation
Manual Irrigation - using buckets or watering cans
Pitcher Irrigation

2.1. Surface Irrigation

In this irrigation system, water moves over and across the whole land by virtue of simple gravity flow in
order to wet and infiltrate the soil. Surface irrigation can be divided into furrow, border strip or basin
irrigation. It is often called flood irrigation when it results in flooding or near flood of the cultivated land.

2.2. Sprinkler Irrigation

Sprinkler irrigation is another popular method, which pipes a set amount of water to the fields, and then
sprays this directly over the crops with high pressure sprinklers. The amount of water can be closely
controlled, which is a huge benefit.

2.3. Drip Irrigation

Drip irrigation, also known as trickle irrigation, functions as its name suggests. Water is delivered at or near
the root zone of plants, drop by drop. This method can be the most water-efficient method of irrigation, if
managed properly, since evaporation and runoff are minimized. In modern agriculture, drip irrigation is often
combined with plastic mulch, further reducing evaporation, and is also a means of delivery of fertilizer. The
process is known as fertigation.

2.4. Centre-Pivot Irrigation

Centre-pivot irrigation involves a self-propelled system in which a single pipeline supported by a row of
mobile towers is suspended 2 to 4 meters above ground. Water is pumped into the central pipe and as the
towers rotate slowly around the pivot point, a large circular area is irrigated. Sprinkler nozzles mounted on
or suspended from the pipeline distribute water under pressure as the pipeline rotates. The nozzles are
graduated small to large so that the faster moving outer circle receives the same amount of water as the slower
moving ones on the inside.

2.5. Pitcher Irrigation

Pitcher Irrigation is an inexpensive small-scale irrigation method practiced in arid to semi-arid regions around
the world. The system consists of burying unglazed clay pots in the soil up to their neck. When the pot is
filled with water, the natural pores in the pot's walls allow water to spread laterally in the soil, creating the
moist conditions necessary for plant growth. Pitchers are filled as needed, maintaining a continuous supply
of water directly to the plant root zone. Pitcher irrigation is used for small-scale irrigation where:
Water is either scarce or expensive.
Fields are difficult to level such as under uneven terrain.
Water is saline and cannot be normally used in surface methods of irrigation.
In remote areas where vegetables are expensive and hard to come by.

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 Prof. V. N. Borse, Prof. H. B. Patil, Prof. S.R. Kolhe and Prof. R. V. Karamchandani

Following Table Suggest Methods Should Be Adopted According To Area

Method of Irrigation Should

Sr.No Location Map Approximate Area
Be Adopted

1 Taloda 25581.36 acres Sprinkle Irrigation

2 Pimpalner 1220.78 acres Surface Irrigation

Surface Irrigation
3 Shahada 409235.57 acres

Surface Irrigation
4 Shirpur 1 12458.48 acres

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Implementation of An Ideal Irrigation System To Cover Deficit of Crop Water Need For Khandesh Region

Method of Irrigation Should

Sr.No Location Map Approximate Area
Be Adopted

5 Shirpur 2 36515.94 acres Sprinkle Irrigation

Pitcher irrigation with the

6 Sakri 49921.92 acres combination of
drip irrigation

7 Shindkheda 41521.00 acres Drip Irrigation

8 Dhule 1 2998677.65 acres Pitcher Irrigation

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 Prof. V. N. Borse, Prof. H. B. Patil, Prof. S.R. Kolhe and Prof. R. V. Karamchandani

Method of Irrigation Should

Sr.No Location Map Approximate Area
Be Adopted

9 Dhule 2 836470.42 acres Centre pivot Irrigation

10 Chopda 86879.37 acres Sprinkle Irrigation

11 Yawal 78434.97 acres Sprinkle Irrigation

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Implementation of An Ideal Irrigation System To Cover Deficit of Crop Water Need For Khandesh Region

Method of Irrigation Should

Sr.No Location Map Approximate Area
Be Adopted

12 Raver 134358.51 acres Surface Irrigation

13 Amalner 143885.83 acres Drip Irrigation

14 Parola 1 10238.89 acres Sprinkle irrigation

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 Prof. V. N. Borse, Prof. H. B. Patil, Prof. S.R. Kolhe and Prof. R. V. Karamchandani

Method of Irrigation Should

Sr.No Location Map Approximate Area
Be Adopted

15 Parola 2 14308.81 acres Drip Irrigation

16 Pachora -Mhaiji 20843.66 acres Surface Irrigation

17 Pachora- Verkhedi 143508.54 acre Sprinkle Irrigation

18 Jalgaon 1 204971.75 acres Drip Irrigation

19 Jalgaon 2 139341.20 acres Sprinkle Irrigation

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Implementation of An Ideal Irrigation System To Cover Deficit of Crop Water Need For Khandesh Region

Method of Irrigation Should

Sr.No Location Map Approximate Area
Be Adopted

20 Chalisgaon 1 79186.73 acres Drip Irrigation

21 Chalisgaon 2 76119.79 acres Sprinkle Irrigation

22 Jamner 60280.63 acres Surface Irrigation

23 Akkalkuva 23548.56 acres Sprinkle Irrigation

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 Prof. V. N. Borse, Prof. H. B. Patil, Prof. S.R. Kolhe and Prof. R. V. Karamchandani

Method of Irrigation Should

Sr.No Location Map Approximate Area
Be Adopted

Pitcher with combination

24 Nandurbar 1 155695.58 acre
of drip irrigation

25 Nandurbar 2 140238.78 acres Drip Irrigation

26 Bhusawal 69776.20 acres Drip Irrigation

4. CONCLUSION
In this paper study of site condition which includes availability of water, type of soil, Nature of land, climatic
conditions is studied. According to these studies many things in the field of irrigation practiced wrongly.
Such as somewhere availability of water is much more but farmer irrigates field by using drip irrigation
system instead of sprinkle irrigation system.
In some areas, its shocking that farmer totally ignorance about any modern irrigation system, they
practiced tradition methods till date.
First time pitcher irrigation system is introduced or suggests for some areas in khandesh where sloping
grounds are takes place or very less availability of water.
Areas like Sakri, Nandurbar where slopes and hills covered much more area, at that place combination
of drip and pitcher irrigation can make revolution in field of agriculture.
No farmer no food no future is very famous phrase in local area, development of farmer is directly
proportional to development of nation.

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 Implementation of An Ideal Irrigation System To Cover Deficit of Crop Water Need For Khandesh Region

REFERENCES
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[2] Types of Irrigation System by National Irrigation Commission Limited
[3] Irrigation Engineering Hydraulics Structure by S.K.Garge on Jan 2006
[4] Traditional Water Harvesting Systems: An Ecological Economics Survey by B.C Barah on 1996.
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