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1.
a2 a 2 16 a 2 16
1
16 16 16 16 a 2 16 a 4 a 2 16 8 a-4
= = = = i =
a 1 a 4 a4 16 8 16 a 4 2
8 2 8 8 8
2.----------------------------------------------------------
3 3
+
2 x = 3 + 3 2 + 4 = 3x + 6 2 x + 4
2+
4 2 x x 2x x
x
3x + 6 2 x + 4 6 x 2 + 24 x + 24
= =
2x x 2x2
3. ---------------------------------------------------------
1 2 b + 2a
+
a b = ab = b + 2a 1 = b + 2a
a a ab a a 2b
4. ---------------------------------------------------------
1 1 + xy
1
+1
xy + 1 xy xy 1 + xy x 1 + xy
= = = =
2+ x 1
1 2x + 1 xy 2 x + 1 y (2 x + 1)
2+
x x