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In a technical sense, two words that have a common origin are cognates. Most
often, cognates are words in two languages that have a common etymology and
thus are similar or identical. For example, the English "kiosk" and the Spanish
quiosco are cognates because they both come from the Turkish kosk.
Cognates often have a similar meaning, but in some cases the meaning has
changed over the centuries in one language or another. An example of such a
change is the English word "arena," which usually refers to a sports facility, and
the Spanish arena, which usually means "sand." They both come from the Latin
harena, which originally meant "sand" and came in time to also refer to an area
of a Roman amphitheater that was covered with sand. Spanish retained the
meaning of "sand" (although the word can sometimes refer to a sports arena),
but English shifted the word's meaning to include facilities something like the
Roman amphitheater
Cognates do not need to have the same meaning, which may have changed as
the languages developed separately. For example, consider English starve and
Dutch sterven or German sterben ("to die"); these three words all derive from
the same Proto-Germanic root, *sterban ("die"). English dish and German
Tisch ("table"), with their flat surfaces, both come from Latin discus, but it would
be a mistake to identify their later meanings as the same. Discus is from Greek
(from the verb "to throw"). A later and separate English reflex of
discus, probably through medieval Latin desca, is desk (see OED s.v. desk).
Just as words that are cognates have a shared origin like gratitude and
gratitud both coming from the Latin word gratitudo, meaning "thankfulness"
people can be cognates based on their shared blood. For example, you and
your sister are cognates of your parents. You probably even look alike, just like
word cognates. The adjective form of cognate can describe blood relations or
anyone whose ancestors spoke the same language.
False cognates?
False cognates are words that people commonly believe are related (have a
common origin), but that linguistic examination reveals are unrelated. For
example, on the basis of superficial similarities, the Latin verb habre and
German haben, both meaning 'to have', appear to be cognates. However,
because of the way words in the two languages evolved from Proto-Indo-
European (PIE).
False cognates are pairs of words that seem to be cognates because of similar
sounds and meaning, but actually have different etymologies; they can be within
the same language or from different languages. That is different from false
friends, which may in fact be related but have different meanings.
Even though false cognates lack a common root, there may still be an indirect
connection between them (for example by phono-semantic matching or folk
etymology).
As an example of false cognates, the Spanish word haber sounds and looks
similar to the English word have, but are in fact unrelated.
REPBLICA BOLIVARIANA DE VENEZUELA
MATERIA: IDIOMAS
COGNATES
PROFESOR: ALUMNAS:
Del mismo modo que las palabras que son cognados tienen un origen
comn - como agradecimiento y gratitud tanto viene de la palabra latina
gratitudo, que significa "agradecimiento" - la gente puede basarse cognados en
su sangre compartida. Por ejemplo, usted y su hermana son cognados de sus
padres. Es probable que incluso se parecen, al igual que los cognados de
palabras. La forma adjetiva de cognado puede describir las relaciones de
sangre o cualquier persona cuyos antepasados hablaban el mismo idioma.
Cognados falsos
A pesar de que los falsos cognados carecen de una raz comn, todava
puede haber una conexin indirecta entre ellos (por ejemplo, mediante la
correspondencia de fono-semntico o etimologa popular).
Definicin de 'Cognado'
Falses cognates
En realidad l no es un gerente
actor, actor
angel, ngel
art, arte
artistic, artstico
banana, banano
bank, banco
balance, balance
bus, autobs
car, coche
channel, canal
collection, coleccin
concert, concierto
culture, cultura
curious, curioso
detail, detalle
distance, distancia
divide, dividir
enormous, enorme
essential, esencial
excellent, excelente
Cognates falsos