PANITIA MATEMATIK

TAMBAHAN
SMK MAT KILAU, 25150 KUANTAN

NAMA :
.
.

KELAS : ................................................
DISEMBER 2010
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CONTENT

TOPIC PAGE
1. FUNCTIONS 23
2. QUADRATIC EQUATIONS 22
3. QUADRATIC FUNCTIONS 35
4. SIMULTANEOUS EQUATIONS 51
5. INDICES AND LOGARITMA 53
6. COORDINATES GEOMETRY 66
7. CIRCULAR MEASURES 85
8. STATISTICS 97
9. DIFFERENTIATION 100
10.SOLUTIONS OF TRIANGLES 121
11.NUMBER INDEXS 139

FUNCTIONS ( CHAPTER 1 )
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1.
Basic Concept OF Function
1 2 3
P = { 1, 2, 3} P = { 2, 4, 6} d
w
Q = {2, 4, 6, 7, Q = {2, 3, 6, 7, e
A relation from P into Q is defined by the set of A relation from P into Q is defined by the set
f x
ordered pairs of ordered pairs
{ (1, 4), (1, 6), (2, 6), (3, 7) }. { (2, 2), (4, 2), (6, 7) }. g
State State
Set P
(a) the image of 1, (a) the image of 4, Set Q
(b) the object of 4, (b) the objects of 2,
(c) the domain, (c) the domain, (a) the image of g
(d) the codomain, (d) the codomain, (b) the objects of x,
(e) the range, (e) the range, (c) the domain,
(f) the type of relation (f) the type of relation (d) the codomain,
(e) the range,
(f) the type of relation

2.
Finding the value of functions

1. Given the function f : x 3 x 1 2 . Given the function 3. Given the function

, find g : x x 2 3 x , find h:x
6
, find
3 4x
(a) f (0) a) g (0) a)h (0)
(b) f (3) b) g (2) b) h (1)
(c) f(-2) c) g (4) 1
(d) f(4) d) g (-3) c) h ( )
(e) f(-3) 2
e) g (-1) d) h(-3)
1
e) h ( )
4
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3.
Problem of function involving simple equations

1. Given that f : x 4 x 3 , find the 2. Given that f : x 3 x 7 , find the 3. Given that g : x 3 x 2 , find
value of x if f(x) = 17. value of x if f(x) = 4. the value of y if g(y) = 2y + 4.

x = -1 y=6
x =5
4. Given that f : x 2 x 10 , 5. Given f : x 3 x 9 , 6. Given that f : x 2 x 8 , find the
g : x 4 x 2 , find the value of x if g : x x 7 , find the value of x if values of x if f (x) = x2.
f(x) = g(x). f(x) = 3 g(x).

x = -6 x = 4 , -2
x=5
7. Given that g : x 2 x 2 5 , find the 8. Given that g : x 2 x 2 3 , find 9. Given that g : x 3 x 2 6 , find
values of y if g (y) = 45 . the values of p if g(p) = - 5p . the values of y if g (y) = 6 .

y = -2 , 2
x = -5 , 5 p = 1/2 , -3
10. Given the functions 11. Given the functions 12. Given the functions f : x x 2
 5

f : x 2 x 5 and f : x 3 x 4 and and

g : x x 2 , find
a) the value of x if f(x) =
b) the value of y if g(y) =
c) the value of p if f(p) =
d) the value of x if f(x) =
g : x 2 x , find g : x 12 4 x , find
7 a) the value of p if f(p) = -5 a) the image of 3 that is mapped by
2y - 3 b) the value of k if g(k) = 3k - 4 f.
g(p) c) the value of x if 2 f(x) = g(x) b) the values of x if f(x) = x,
g(x) d) the values of y jika f(y) = y2 c) the values of y if f(y) = g(y).

x = 6, y = 5, p = 7, x = 1 p = -3, k = 4, x = -2, y = -1,4

9, x = 0, 1 ; y = 6, -2
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4.
Finding the value of composite functions

1. Given that f : x 2 x 1 and 2. Given that f : x 2 x 9 and Given that f : x 3 2 x and

g : x 3x , g : x 1 3x , find gf(3). g : x x 2 , find gf(4).
find f g(1) .

4. Given the functions f : x x 3 5. Given the functions 6 Given that f : x 3 x and

and f : x 3 x 7 and g : x 2 x 2 , find
g : x 4 x 1 , find g : x 4 2 x , find (a) fg(-2) (b) gf(-2)
a) f g(1) (b) gf(1) a) f g(0) (b) gf(0)
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5.
Finding the value of composite functions f2 , g2

1. Given that f : x 2 x 3 , find f 2. Given that g : x x 5 , evaluate 3. Given that g : x 2 x 1 ,

2
(2) . gg(3) . evaluate g 2(3).

4. Given that f : x 3 x 4 , find 5. Given that g : x 2 5 x , find g 6. Given that f : x 3 x 2 1 , find

2
f(0) . (1). f(1) .

7. Given that g : x 4 x , evaluate 8. Diberi f : x 2 x 2 4 x 3 . Nilaikan

gg(-2). f 2(0) .
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6.
Solve all the following

1. Given f : x 2x 3 , 2 Given g : x 2 4x . 4 Given g : x 2( x 2) , .

f(x) = 2x + 3 g(x) = g(x) =
thus (a) f(2) = thus (a) g(-1) =
thus (a) g (2) =
(b) f(a) = (b) g(2x) =
(b) g(a) =
(c) f(p) = (c) g(x-1) =
(c) g(s) =
(d) f(2k) = (d) g(-x) =
(d) g(3x) =
(e) f(x2) = (e) g(x2) =
(e) g(x2) =
(f) f(-x2 ) = (f) g (1+2x) =
(f) g (3+2x) =
(g) f( - 3x) =
(g) g(2 4x) =

7.
Finding the Composite functions

1. Given that f : x 2 x 3 and 2. Given that f : x 2 x 5 and 3. Given the functions f : x x 4

g : x 4x , find fg(x) . g : x 5 x , find the composite and
function gf . g : x 2 x 1 , find
(a) fg(x) (b) gf(x)
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4. Given that f : x 3 x 4 and 5. Given that f : x 3 x and 6. Given that f : x 2 5 x and

g : x 5 2x , find g : x 2 x 2 , find the composite g : x 1 x 2 , find the composite
(a)f g (b) gf functions function
(a)fg (b) gf (a)fg (b) gf

7. Given that f : x 2 5 x , find the 1 2

8. Given that g : x x , find g 2(x). 9. Given that h : x , find the
function f 2. 2 x2
function f 2.
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8.
Finding the Inverse Functions

1. Given that f : x 4 + 8x , find f

2. Given that g : x 10 2x , find 3. Given that f : x 4 3x , find f

1
. g1. 1
.

4. Given that g : x 15 + 6x , find 5. Given that f : x 10 8x , find f

1
6. Given that g : x 3 x ,
g 1 . 1
. 2
find g1 .

7. Given that f : x 5 + 2x , find f 3 2x 5

1 8. Given that g : x 3 x , find 9. Given that f(x) = , find f 1
. 4 4
1 (x).
g .

3x 2 x2 2x
10. Given that g(x) = , find g 11. Given that f(x) = , find f
12. Given that g(x) = , find
6 4x 2 4 x
1 1
(x). (x). g1 (x).
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9.
Finding the value of inverse function when x given

1. Given that f : x x + 2, find the 2. Given that g : x 7 x , find the 3. Given that f : x 7 3x , find
value of value of the value of
f 1(3). g1(2). f 1(-5).

4. Given that g : x 5 + 2x , find 5. Given that f : x 3x -2, find the 6. Given that g : x 7 x , find the
the value of value of value of
g1 (5). f 1 (10). g1(2).

1 4 3
7. Given that g : x x , find 8. Given that f : x , find the 9. Diberi g : x , cari nilai
2 x3 2 x
the value of g1(4). value of
g-1(-1).
f 1 ( -1 ).
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10. Finding the other related component function when given a composite function and one of its component function ( Method 1)

1. Given the functions f : x 2x 3 2. Given the functions g: x x + 3 and 3. Given the functions f : x 3x + 4
and gf : x 2x , find the function f . and
fg : x 2x + 3, find the function g . Answer : fg : x 6x + 1, find the function
Answer : g.
Answer :

4. Given the functions g : x 2x - 1 5. Given the functions f : x 2 x 6. Given the functions p : x 2x and
and and pq : x 4 2x , find the function q.
gf : x 6x + 7 , find the function f . fg : x 2 2x , find the function g,. Answer :
Answer : Answer :

7. Given the functions g : x 2 + 4x 8. Given the functions h : x 1 x 9. Given the functions h : x 3x + 1

and and and
gf : x 6 + 4x2, find the function f hg : x 1 3x2, find the function g. hf : x 7 9x2 , find the function
. Answer : f.
Answer : Answer :
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METHOD 2

1. Given the functions f : x 2x - 3 2. Given the functions g: x x + 3 3. Given the functions f : x 3x + 4

and and and
gf: x 2x , find the function g,. fg : x 2x + 3 , find the function f. gf : x 6x + 7, find the function g,.
Answer : Answer : Answer :

4. Given the functions g : x 2x - 1 5. Given the functions f : x 2 x 6. Given the functions g : x 2x

and and and
fg : x 6x + 1 , find the function gf : x 4 2x , find the function g,. fg : x 2 2x , find the function f.
f. Answer : Answer :
Answer :

7. Given the functions f : x 3x 8. Given the functions f : x 2 + 4x

and and
gf : x 1 - 3x , find the function gf : x 5 + 16x + 16x2, find the
 14

g,. function g,.

Answer : Answer :

QUESTIONS BASED ON SPM FORMAT

1. The following information refer to the set A and set B. 2. Given that the functions f : x 2x + 6 and f-1 : x kx +
p ,where k and p are constants, find the value of k and of p.
Set A = { -3 ,- 2 , 2 , 3 }

Set B = { 4, 9 }

The relations between set A and set B is defined by the

set of ordered
pair { ( -3 , 9 ) , ( -2 , 4 ) , ( 2 , 4 ) ,( 3 , 9 )
a) State the type of relations
b) Using the functions notation, write a relation between
set A and set B

1
K= p
2
= -3
3. Given the functions f : x x + 4 and fg : x 2x 3 , 2x 3
4. Given the inverse functions f-1(x) = , find the value of
find 2
a) g(x) a) f (4)
b) the value of x when gf(x) = 5 1
b) k if f-1(2k) =
2
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[ f(4) = 11/2 , k = 1 ]
[ g(x) = 2x-7 , x = 2]
5. Given that the functions f : x 4x 1 and g : x 2ax b 6. Diagram shows the relation between two sets of number.
, where a and b are constants. Find
P = { -3 ,- 2 ,-1, 0, 1, 2 }
a) f2(x)
b) the value of a and b such that if f2(x) = g(x) Q = {-1, 0, 1, 2, 3 }

Based on the above information, the relation between P and Q

is defined by the set of ordered pairs { (-2, 1), (-1,0), (0,1),
(1,2),(2,3) }. State

a) the image of 2

b) the object of 0
[ f2(x) = 16x 5 , a = 8 , b= 5 ]
7. The function f is defined by f : x kx2 + p and the 8. In the diagram, the function f maps x to y and the function
function g is defined by g : x 1 + 2x. Given the h maps y to z. f h
x y
composite fg : x x2 + x + 6, find the values of k and p. z
3

11
7

State
a) f-1(3)
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[k= p = 23/4 ] b) hf(7)

4 10. The following information is about the function h and the
9. The function g-1(x) = ,x k.
2x 1 inverse
a) State the value of k function h-1.
b) Find g(x)
2
h : x 4 + ax and h-1 : x + 2bx
3
, where

a and b are constant

[ k= Find the values of a and b.
4 x
, g(x) = ,x 0]
2x
[ a = -6 , b = -1/12]
11. Given the function f (x) = x -2 and hf (x) = x 2 + 3x + 1 . 12. Given the composite function fg(x) = 2x 2 3 and function
Find g(x) = 3 x2 . Find f(-2)

a) h(x)
b) the value of hf(-2)

[ [7]
h(x) = x2 + 7x + 11 , -1 ]
13. Given the function f:x 2x 3 , find the values of x 14. Diagram shows the functions f and g.
such that
f : x 2x + 1
f(x) = 7
g : x 3x 2
Find
a) f-1(5)
b) gf-1(5)

`
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[ a) 2 b) 4 ]
[ x = 5 or, -2 ]
15. Given that f-1 : x x 1 and gf : x 3x2 2 , find 16. Given the functions h : x 2x2 + 5x, find

a) the function g(x) a) h(3)

b) The values of x if g(x) + 3 = x b) the values of x which maps onto itself by h(x)

[ g(x) =
3x2 6x + 1 , x = 1, 4/3 ] [ h(3) = 33 , x = 0 or -2 ]
SPM QUESTIONS

1. ( SPM 03, P1, Q1 ) 2. ( SPM 03 , P1, Q2 )

P={ 1,2,3}
Diberi g : x 5x + 1 dan h : x x2 2x + 3, carikan
Q = { 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 }
a) g-1 (3)
b) hg(x)
Berdasarkan maklumat di atas, hubungan P kepada Q
ditakrifkan oleh
set pasangan bertertib { (1 , 2) , ( 1 , 4 ), ( 2 , 6 ) , (2 , 8
) }.
Nyatakan
c) Imej bagi 1
d) Objek bagi 2

2
a) b)
5
25x2 + 2
3. ( SPM 04, P1, Q1 ) 4. (SPM 04, P1, Q2 )
 18

d
w 5
Diberi fungsi h : x 4x + m dan h-1 : x 2kx + , dengan
e 8
keadan m dan k adalah pemalar, carikan nilai m dan nilai k.
f x

Set P Set Q
Nyatakan
a) Julat hubungan itu,
b) Jenis hubungan itu

m = -5/2 k = 1/8
5. ( SPM 04, P1 , Q3 ) 6. (SPM 2005 , P1, Q2)

6 5
Diberi fungsi h(x) = ,x 0 dan fungsi gubahan Fungsi w ditakrifkan oleh w(x) = , x 2
x 2x
hg(x) = 3x, carikan
a) w-1 (x)
a) g (x) b) w-1 (4)
b) nilai x apabila gh(x) = 5

[ w-1(x) =
2x 5 3
,x 0 , ]
2 x 4
[ g(x) = , x 0 , x = 15 ]
x
7. ( SPM 05, P1, Q1 ) 8. (SPM 05, P1, Q3)
Dalam Rajah 1, fungsi h memetakan x kepada y dan fungsi g
memetakan y kepada z. Maklumat berikut adalah berkaitan dengan fungsi h dan fungsi
h : x 2x 3

g : x 4x - 1
 19

g.
h g
x y z

8
5
Carikan gh-1 (x)
2

Tentukan
a) h-1(5)
b) gh(2)

gh-1(x) = 2x + 5

9. (SPM 06, P2, Q2) 10. (SPM 06, P1, Q2)

Given the function f : x 3 x 2 and m x
Diagram 2 shows the function h : x ,
x x
g:x 1 , find
5 x 0 , where m is a constant.
(a) f 1 (x) ,
(b) f 1 g(x) , x h mx
(c) h(x) such that hg(x) = 2x + 6 .
x
8 1

2
Diagram 2

Find the value of m.

 20

x2
(a) 3
(b)
x 15 m=4
(c) 10x 4
15
11. (SPM 07, P1, Q1) 12. (SPM 07, P1, Q2)
Diagram show the linear function h. Given the function f : x x 3 , find the values of x such that
x h(x)
(a) f(x) = 5
(b) f(x) < 5
1
0
2
1
4
m
6
5

(a) State the value of m
(b) Using the function notation, express h in terms of x.

(a) x = 8,
(a) m = 3
-2 (b) 2 < x < 8
(b) h : x x + 1
14. (SPM 2008, P1, Q2)
13. (SPM 2008, P1, Q1)
f ( x ) 2 x 1 for the domain Given the functions g : x 5x 2 and h : x x 2 4 x 3 ,
Diagram 1 shows the graph of
find
0 x 5. (a) g-1 (6)
y (b) hg(x)
y = f(x)

x
O t 5
State
 21

(a) the value of t,

(b) the range of f(x) corresponding to the given domain.
1 (a) 4/5 or
(a) x
2 0.8 (b) 25x2 10x - 1 ]
(b) 0 f ( x) 9
15. (SPM 2008, P1 , Q3) 16. (SPM 2009, P1 , Q1)
Given the functions f(x) = x 1 and g(x) = kx + 2, Diagram shows the relation between set X and set Y in the
find graph form

(a) f(5), s
(b) the value of k such that gf(k) = 14. r
Set Yq
p
2 4 6
Set X
State
a) the objects of q
b) the codomain of the relation

(a) 4 b) 4, -3

(a) 2 or 6 (b) { p, q , r , s }
17. (SPM 2009, P1 , Q2) 18. (SPM 2009, P1 , Q3)
Given the functions g : x 2x 3 and h : x 4x, find Given the function g : x 3x 1 , find

a) hg(x) a) g(2)
1 b) the value of p when g-1 (p) = 11
b) the value of x if hg(x) = g(x)
2
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[ hg(x) = 8x 12 , x = 3/2 ] [ g(2) = 5 , p = 32 ]

19. (SPM 2010, P1 , Q1) 20. (SPM 2010, P1 , Q2)
Diagram shows the relation between set X and set Y in the Given the functions g : x 2x + 1 and h : x 3x + 6,
graph form find

s a) g-1(x)
r b) hg-1(9)
Set Yq
p
x 1
[ g 1 ; 18 ]
1 2 3 4 2
Set X
State 21. (SPM 2010, P1 , Q3)
a) the relation in the form of ordered pairs x 2
b) the type of the relation Given the functions g:xx8 and h : x ,x
3x 2 3
c) the range of the ralation , find
The value of hg(10)

(a) ((1,p) , (2,r) ,(3,s) (4,p)} (b) many

to one c) { p, r , s }
1
[ ]
2

QUADRATIC EQUATIONS ( CHAPTER 2 )

1. The roots of Quadratic Equation

1. Determine if 3 is a root of the 2. Determine if is a root of the 3. Determine if 3 is a root of the

equation 2x2 x 15 = 0. equation 4x2 + 2x 2 = 0. equation
x2 2x + 3 = 0.
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4. If 3 is a root of the equation 5. If -2 and p are roots of the 6. If -1 are roots of the
x2 2kx + 12 = 0 , find k. quadratic equation 2x2 + 3x + k = quadratic equation px2 4x + 3p
0, find the value of k and p. 8 = 0, find p.

2. Finding the roots of Quadratic Equation ( by factorisation )

L1. Solve x2 4x 5 = 0. L2. Solve x ( 1 + x) = 6. Solve the quadratic equation 2x (x

1) = 6.

Ans : 3,2 x=
Ans : 1 , 5
 24

3
or x= 2
2

Solve (x 3)2 = 1. L4. Solve 1 + 2x2 = 5x + 4. Solve (2x 1)2 = 2x 1 .

Ans : 2, 4 Ans : 1, 3/2 Ans : , 1

Selesaikan (x 3)(x + 3) = 16. L4. Solve 5x2 45 = 0. L8. Solve 2(x2 9) = 5x.

Ans : 5 , 5 Ans : 3 , 3 Ans : 2 , 9/2

3. Finding the roots of Quadratic Equation ( by completing the square )

Solve x2 + 4x 5 = 0 by method L1. Solve x2 + 4x + 3 = 0 by L2. Solve x2 - 8x + 5 = 0 , give

of completing the square. method of completing the square. your answers correct to 4 significant
figures.
 25

x = -5 or x = 1 (Ans : 1, 3)

Ans : 7.317, 0.6834

Solve x2 2x 9 = 0 by L4. Solve x2 + 10x + 5 = 0 , give Solve x2 + x 8 = 0. Give your
completing the square, give your your answers correct to 4 significant answer correct to 4 significant figures.
answers correct to 4 significant figures.
figures.

(Ans : 2.372, -3.372)

Ans : 2.212 , 4.162 Ans : 0.5279, 9.472

L5. Solve x2 + 5x 4 = 0. Give L7. Solve x2 + 7x + 1 = 0 , Give L10. Solve 2x2 - 12x + 5 = 0
your answer correct to 4 significant your answer correct to 4 significant correct to two decimal places.
figures. figures.
 26

(Ans : 5.55 , 0.45 )

(Ans : 0.7016, -5.702) (Ans : -0.1459, -6.8541)
L11. Solve -2x2 + 10x + 9 = 0 Solve - x2 7x + 3 = 0 by L13. Solve x(3 2x) = -6 correct to
correct to two decimal places. completing the square. two decimal places.

(Ans : -0.78 , 5.78 ) (Ans : -7.405, 0.4051) (Ans : -1.14 , 2.64)

4. Finding the roots of Quadratic Equation ( by using the formulae ) b b 4ac
2
x
2a

L1. By using formula, solve 2x2 - L2. By using formula, solve Solve x(2x 1) = 2 by using
12x + 5 = 0. Give your answer 3 x2 = - 3(4x 3) correct to two formula, give your answer correct to
correct to 4 significant figures. decimal places. two decimal places.
 27

(Ans : 5.550, 0.4505)

(Ans: 0.52 , 11.48 )

(Ans : 1.28, -0.78)

2
Solve x 4x = 2 by using formula. L6. Solve the quadratic equation Solve 2x(2 3x) = -5 by using
Give your answer correct to 4 x(x 4) = (3 x )(x + 3). Give your formula, qive your answer correct to
significant figures. answer correct to two decimal places. two decimal places.

(Ans : 3.35 , -1.35 )

(Ans : 4.449 , -0.4495) (Ans : 1.31 , -0.64)
5. To Form Quadratic Equation from Given Roots

1. Find the quadratic equation with 2. Find the quadratic equation with 3. Find the quadratic equation with
roots -3 dan 5. roots 0 dan - 3. roots - dan 6.
 28

Ans : x2 2x 15 = 0
Ans : x2 + 3x = 0 Ans : 2x2 11x 6 = 0

4. Given that the roots of the 5. Given that the roots of the quadratic 6. Given that the roots of the
quadratic equation 3x2 + kx + p 2 = equation quadratic equation 2x2 + (3 k)x + 8p
0 are 4 and x2 + (h 2)x + 2k = 0 are 4 and -2 . = 0 are p and 2p , p 0. Find k and
- . Find k and p. Find h and k. p.

(Ans : k = -10 , p = -6) (Ans: p = 2, k = 15)

(Ans : h = 0, k = -4)

6. Relationship between b2 4ac and the Roots of the Q.E.

1. b2 4ac > 0
Q.E. has two distinct roots. The Graph y = f(x) cuts the x-axis at TWO distinct points.
 29

y=f(x)

x
x
a> a<
0 0
y=f(x)

2. b2 4ac = 0
Q.E. has real and equal roots. The graph y = f(x) touches the x-axis [ The x-axis is the tangent to the curve]

y=f(x) x
a> a<
x
0 y=f(x) 0

3. b2 4ac < 0
Q.E. does not have real roots. Graph y = f(x) does not touch x-axis.

x
y=f(x)

y=f(x)
x a> a<
0 0
Graph is above the x-axis since f(x) is always positive. Graph is below the x-axis since f(x) is always
negative.

7. Solve all the following

1.Find the range of k if the quadratic 2. The quadratic equation 9 + 4x2 = 3. Find the range of p if the quadratic
equation 2x2 x = k has real and px has equal roots. Find the possible equation 2x2 + 4x + 5 + p = 0 has
 30

distinct roots. values of p. real roots.

( Ans : k > - 1/8 ) ( Ans : p = -12 atau 12)

4. Find the range of p if the quadratic
equation x2 + px = 2p does not have
real roots.
5.The roots of the quadratic equation
2x2 + 8 = (k 3)x are real and
different. Determine the range of values
of k.
(Ans : p - 3 )
6. Find the range of values of k if the
quadratic equation x2 + 2kx + k + 6
= 0 has equal roots.

( Ans : -8 < p < 0 ) ( Ans : k < -5 , k > 11 ) ( Ans : k -2 , 3 )

p q 8 Given 2 and m are roots of the 9. Show that the straight line y =
7. Given and are roots of the equation (2x 1)(x + 3) = k (x 1), with 2 x does not meet the curve
2 2
equation kx(x 1) = m 4x. If p + q k as a constant, find k and m. 2x2 y2 + k = 0 if k > 8.
= 4 and pq = - 5, find the values of k [4] [3]
 31

and m [5]

( k = -4 , m = -5 ) ( k = 15 , m = 3 )
10. Find the range of x if the straight 11. he quadratic equation 12. Find the range of values of x for
line y = 2x + k does not intersect the 2x2 + px + q = 0 has roots -2 and 3. which the equation x2 + kx + 2k 3 =
curve Find the value of p anf q so that 0 has no real roots.
x2 + y2 6 = 0. 2x2 + px + q = k has real roots.
[5]
[3]

( p = -2 , q = -12 ; k - 12.5 )

(k < -5.477 atau k > 5.477)

( 2 <k <6 )

QUESTION BASED ON SPM FORMAT

 32

1 . One of the roots of the equation 9x 2 + 3x + k = 0 is 2

two times the other root, find the possible value of k. 2. Form the quadratic equations which has roots -4 and .
3
Give your answer in the form of ax2 + bx + c = 0, where a, b
and c are constant.

[ k = 2/9 ]
[ 3x2 + 10x 8 = 0 ]
3. Form the quadratic equations which has roots 6 and 1
1 4. Given that is one of the roots of the quadratic equation
p
. Give your answer in the form of ax 2 + bx + c = 0,
2 px2 + 7x 2p = 0, find the values of p.
where a, b and c are constant.

[ p = 2 or -2 ]
[ 2x2 11x 6 = 0 ]
5. Given the quadratic equation 3x ( x + 2 ) = 3x ( x + 6. If the quadratic equation x2 2x + 3 = -k has no roots,
2 ), find find the range of values of k.
a) the sum of roots
b) the product of roots.
 33

[ k > -2 ]
[ -4/3 , 2/3 ]
7. Solve the quadratic equation 2x 2 6x = x( x + 3 ) 4 . 8. Solve the quadratic equation 3 8( x 1 ) = 2x( x +
Give your answer correct to four significant figures. 1) .
Give your answer correct to three decimal places.

[ x = 8.531 , 0.4689 ]
[ x = 0.928 , -5.928 ]

9. Given that -5 is one of the roots of the quadratic 10. Write the equation ( 3x + 1 )( x 1 ) = x ( x + 2 ) in
equation 15 px = 2x2 . Find the values of p. general form.

[p=7]
[ 2x2 4x 1 = 0 ]
11. Find the range of values of p if the quadratic equation 12. Solve the quadratic inequality x 2 2x < 3.
8x2 + 12x + 7 = p has two different roots.

[ p > 5 /2 ] [ -1 < x < 3 ]

13. The quadratic equation x ( x + y ) + 8 = 0 does not
intersects the straight line x + 2y = p , where p is a
constant. Find the range of values of p.
14. Given one of the roots of the quadratic equation x 2 px
27 = 0 is the square of the other root.
a) Find the value of p
b) State the roots of the quadratic equation
 34

[ -8 < x < 8 ] [ p=6 , x = -3 , 9 ]

 35

SPM QUESTIONS

1. ( SPM 03 , P1, Q3) 2. ( SPM 03, P1, Q4)

Selesaikan persamaan kuadratik 2x ( x 4 ) = ( 1 x ) ( x Persamaan kuadratik x ( x + 1 ) = px 4 mempunyai dua
+ 2 ). Tuliskan jawapan anda betul kepada empat angka punca berbeza. Carikan julat nilai p.
bererti.

( p < -3 or p > 5 )
( 2.591 , -0.2573 )
3. ( SPM 04, P1, Q4 ) 4. ( SPM 04, P1, Q 5)
Bentukkan persamaan kuadratik yang mempunyai punca- Cari julat nilai x bagi x ( x 4 ) 12.
punca -3 dan .
Berikan jawapan anda dalam bentuk ax2 + bx + c = 0,
dengan keadaan a, b, dan c adalah pemalar.

( -2 x 6 )
( 2x2+ 5x 3 = 0 )
5. (SPM 05 , P1 , Q4 ) 6. ( SPM 05, P1 , Q5)
Garis lurus y = 5x 1 tidak bersilang dengan lengkung y = Selesaikan persamaan kuadratik x ( 2x 5 ) = 2x 1 . Berikan
2x2 + x + p. Carikan julat niilai p. jawapan anda betul kepada tiga tempat perpuluhan.

(3.153 , 0.149 )
( p> 1 )
7. ( SPM 06, P1, Q3 ) 8. (SPM 06 , P1, Q5 )
Suatu persamaan kuadratik x2 + px + 9 = 2x mempunyai Cari julat nilai x bagi ( 2x 1 )( x + 4 ) > 4 + x
dua punca sama.
Carikan nilai-nilai p yang mungkin.
 36

( x < -4 or x > 1 )
( p = 8 or -4 )
9. (SPM 07 , P1, Q4 ) 10. (SPM 07 , P1, Q5 )
a) Solve the following quadratic equation : 3x 2 + 5x 2 Find the range of values of x for which 2x 2 1 + x
=0

b) The quadratic equation hx2 + kx + 3 = 0 , where h and

k are constants, has two equal roots. Express h in terms of k.

( -1/2 x 1)
( x = or -2 , h = k2/12 )
11. (SPM 08 , P1, Q4 ) 12. (SPM 09 , P1, Q4 )
It is given that -1 is one of the roots of the quadratic The quadratic equation x2 + x = 2px p2 , where p is
equation x2 4x p = 0, find the values of p. constant, has two different roots. Find the range of values of
p.

[ p =-3 ]
[ p < ]
13. ( SPM 09, P2 , Q2 )
The quadratic equation x2 5x + 6 = 0 has roots h and k,
where h > k.
a) Find
 37

i) the value of h and of k

ii) the range of x if x2 5x + 6 > 0
[ 5 marks ]
b) Using the values of h and k from 13 (a) , form the
quadratic equation which has roots h + 2 and 3k 2 .
[ 2 marks ]

[ h=3 ,k
=2 , x < 2 or x > 3 ]
QUADRATIC FUNCTIONS (CHAPTER 3 F4 )

1. To state the Minimum value of a Quadratic Function f(x) = ax2 + c , a>0

Minimum value of Corresponding Minimum
No. Function
y value of x Point
(Sketched) Graph

1. f(x) = x2 0 x=0 (0, 0)

y

O x
2. y = x2 + 3 3

3. g(x) = x2 - 5 0 (0, -4 ) 3
y
O x
x
O
 38

y
4. h(x) = 10x2 + 1

O x

5. p(x) = 4 + 2x2 y

O x

2. To state the Minimum Value of a Quadratic Function in the form. f(x) = a (x

2
+ p) + q , a > 0

Minimum value of Corresponding Minimum

No. Function
y value of x Point
(Sketched) Graph
(x 1)2 = 0 (1, 2)
1. f(x) = (x 1)2 + 2 2
x=1

2. g(x) = (x- 2)2 + 4 4 (x 2)2 = 0 ( , ) y

x=
(1,2

y ) xx
O

x
O
 39

3. h(x) = (x 1)2 - 3

x
y = (x 2)2 O
4.

5. f(x) = 2(x 1)2 + 3

x
O

6. x
f(x) = 3(x + 2)2 - 1
O
y

x
O

7. f(x) = 2 + (x + 1)2
y

x
O
 40

8. f(x) = 1 + 2 (x 3)2
y

x
2
3. To state the Maximum Value of a Quadratic Function in the form f(x) = ax + c , a < 0 O

Maximum value of Corresponding Maximum

No. Function
y value of x Point
(Sketched) Graph
1.
f(x) = - x2 0 x=0 (0, 0) y
O
x

2.

g(x) = - x2 + 4 4 y
4

3. p(x) = 9 - x2 O x
 41

4. f(x) = -2x2 + 3

O x
2
5. g(x) = - x - 1

O x

4. To state the Maximum Value of a Quadratic Function in the form. f(x) = a (x + p)2 + q , a < 0

Maximum value of Corresponding Maximum

No. Function
y value of x Point
(Sketched) Graph
1. f(x) = (x 1)2 + 2 2 (x 1)2 = 0 (1, 2)
x=1
y

2. g(x) = - (x- 2)2 + 4 O x

x
O
 42

y
3. h(x) = - (x 1)2 - 3
x
O

4. f(x) = - 3(x + 2)2 - 1 y

x
O

y
5. f(x) = 2 - (x + 1)2

x
O

5. To sketch the Graphs of Quadratic Functions in the form f(x) = a (x + p)2 + q and state the equation of the axis of
symmetry
Case I : a > 0 Shape of Graph is atau

No. Function Sketched Graph Function Sketched Graph

f(x) = (x 1)2 + 2
f(x) = (x 1)2 + 4
Min. Point : (1, 2)
1. Min. Point. : ( , ) y
Axis of Symmetry :
Axis of Symmetry : x =
x=1
y

O x
(1,2
)
O x
 43

f(x) = (x + 2)2 + 1 f(x) = (x + 1)2 + 2

Min. Point. : Min. Point. :
2. y y
Axis of Symmetry : Axis of Symmetry :
x=

(-2,1)
O x O x
f(x) = (x+3)2 f(x) = (x+4)2
Min. Point : Min. Point :
3.
Axis of Symmetry : y Axis of Symmetry : y

O x O x

Case 2 : a<0 Shape of Graph : or

Function Sketched Graph Function Sketched Graph

No.

f(x) = - (x 1)2 + 2 y f(x) = - (x + 1)2 + 4

Max.Point : (1, 2) Max.Point:
1.
Axis of Symmetry : (1,
Axis of Symmetry : y
x=1 2)

O x

O x
 44

f(x) = - (x 3)2 + 1 f(x) = - x 2 + 2

Max.Point : Max. Point :
2.
Axis of Symmetry : y Axis of Symmetry : y

x O x
O
f(x) = 3 - (x 1)2 f(x) = - (x 3)2
Max.Point. : Max.Point :
3.
Axis of Symmetry : y Axis of Symmetry : y

O x O x
f(x) = 5 - (x 2)2 2
f(x) = - 2(x 1)
Max.Point :
Max.Point:
4. Axis of Symmetry : y
y Axis of Symmetry :

6. To express Quadratic Functions f(x) = ax2 + bx + c in the form a(x+ p)2 + q : Method of COMPLETING THE SQUARE
x O x
O
2 2 2
1. f(x) = x + 4x + 3 2. g(x) = x - 6x - 7 3. h(x) = x - 4x

(x + 2)2 - 1 (x 3)2 - 16 ( x - 2 )2 - 4
2 2 2
4. y= x + x - 6 5. y = x + x - 6 6. y = x + 3x + 2
 45

(x + )2 - 25/4 (x + )2 - 25/4 (x + 3/2)2 -

2 2 2
7. y = 2x - 6x + 3 8. g(x) = 3x - 12x + 10 9. h(x) = 2x + 6x - 5

2

2 x
3 19

2 2

2(x 3/2)2 - 3/2 3(x 2)2 - 2

7. Quafratic Function f(x) = ax + bx + c . Relationship between the value of b2 4ac and the position of
2

the graph y = f(x)

Case1 b2 4ac > 0 . Graph y = f(x) cuts x-axis at TWO different points.

y=f(x)
a<
a>
0
x 0 x

y=f(x)
 46

Case 2
b2 4ac = 0 . Graph y = f(x) touches the x-axis.

y=f(x) a> x a<

0 0
x
y=f(x)

Case 3 b2 4ac < 0 . Graph y = f(x) DOES NOT touch the x- axis.

x
a> a<
y=f(x)
x
0 y=f(x) 0

Curve lies above the x-axis because f(x) is Curve lies below the x- axis because f(x) is
always positive. always negative.

7.1. Aplication (Relationship between b 2 4ac position of graph y = f(x)

1. Show that the function 4x 2x 2 Show that the function 2x2 3x + 2 x2 L3. Show that the curve
5 is always negative for all values of is always positive for all values of x. y = 9 + 4x2 12x touches the
x. x-axis.

4. Find the range of p if the graph of 5. The graph of the function 6. Find the values of k if the grapf of
quarritic function f(x) = x2 + px 2p f(x) = 2x2 + (3 k)x + 8 does not the quadratic function y = x2 + 2kx +
cuts the x-axis at TWO different points. touch the x-axis. Determine the range k + 6 touches the x-axis.

p < -8 , p > 0
7. (a) Given f(x) = 2x2 8. Find the
range
of x so that f(x) is positive.
(b) Find the range of x which
satisfy the
inequality (x 1)2 > x 1
(Ans : (a) x < -2, x > 2 (b) x < 1,
x > 2 )
Questions based on SPM Format
1. Express f(x) = x2 - 4x + 3 in
the form (x + p)2 + q; with p and
q as constants. Hence
(i)
(ii) State the minimum value of
f(x) and the corresponding
value of x,
(iii) Sketch the graph of y = f(x)
and state the equation of the
axis of symmetry.
47
of k.
k = -3 , k = 2
-5 < k < 11
8. (a) Find the range of x if 3x (2x + 9. (a) Find the range of x if x (x +
3) 4x + 1 2) 15
(b) Solve 5 + m2 > 9 3m. (b) State the range of x if 5x >
2 3x2.
(a) x < -1, x > 1/6 (b) m < -4,
m > 1 (a) x -5 , x 3 (b) x <
-2 , x > 1/3
2. Express f(x) = 2x2 + 4x - 3 in 3. Given f(x) = x2 + 2kx + 5k (k
the form a (x + p)2 + q. Hence constant) has a minimum value 4.
a) State the minimum value of f(x) a) By completing the square,
and state the coressponding value of determine the TWO positive values of
x, k
b) Sketch the graph of y = f(x) and b) Sketch the graph of y = f(x) for the
state the equation of the axis of bigger value of k and state the
symmetry. equation of the axis of symmetry.
 48

k = 1 or k=4

p = -2 , q = - 1 2 (x+1)2 - 5
2
4. Express f(x) = - x - 8x + 9 in 5. Express f(x) = 5 8x - 2x2 in the 6. Given y = h + 4kx 2x2 = q
the form - (x + p)2 + q. Hence form 2
q - a (x + p) . hence 2(x + p)2

a) State the maximum value of f(x)
and state the coressponding value of
x,
b) Sketch the graph of y = f(x) and
state the equation of the axis of
symmetry.
a) State the maximum value of f(x)
and state the coressponding value of
x,
b) Sketch the graph of y = f(x) and
state the equation of the axis of
symmetry.
a) Find p and q in terms of h and / or
k.
b) If h = -10 and k = 3,
State the equation of the axis of
symmetry,
Sketch the graph of y = f(x)
 49

p = 4 , q = 25 13 2 (x+2)2
(Ans : p = -k , q = 2k2 + h ; axis-
symmetri : x = 3)
SPM QUESTIONS PAPER 1 & 2

1. ( SPM 03, P2, Q2 ) 2. (SPM 04 , P1, Q6 )

Fungsi f(x) = x2 4kx + 5k2 + 1 mempunyai nilai Rajah 2 menunjukkan graf bagi fungsi y = - ( x k ) 2 2,
maksimum r2 + 2k, dengan keadaan r dan k ialah pemalar. dengan keadaan k adalah pemalar.
y
a) Dengan menggunakan kaedah menyempurnakan
kuasa dua, tunjukkan bahawa r = k -1. x
0
b) Seterusnya atau dengan kaedah lain, carikan nilai k
dan nilai dan nilai r jika graf bagi fungsi itu bersimetri
pada x = r2 1 ( 2 ,-3
-3
)
 50

Carikan
a) nilai k,
b) persamaan paksi simetri
c) Koordinat titik maksimum

( r = 3 or -1 k = 4 or 0 )
3. ( SPM 05, P1, Q6 ) 4. ( SPM 06, P1, Q4 )
Rajah 2 menunjukkan graf kuadratik f(x) = 3 ( x + p ) 2 + 2, Rajah 3 menunjukkan suatu graf fungsi kuadratik y = f(x). Garis
dengan keadaan p ialah pemalar. lurus y = - 4 ialah tangent kepada lengkung y = f(x).

y y
y= y=
f(x) f(x)

(1 ,
q)
x
0 0 1 5 x
Lengkung y = f(x) mempunyai titik minimum ( 1, q ) dengan
keadaan q ialah pemalar. Nyatakan y = -4
a) nilai p, a) Tuliskan persamaan paksi simetri lengkung itu
b) nilai q, b) Ungkapkan f(x) dalam bentuk ( x + b)2 + c, dengan
c) persamaan paksi simertri keadaan b dan c ialah pemalar

5. (SPM 07 , P1, Q5 ) 6. (SPM 07 , P1, Q6 )

Find the range of values of x for which 2x 2 1 + x The quadratic function f(x) = x2 + 2x 4 , can be expressed in
the form f(x) = ( x + m )2 n , where a m and n are
constants. Find the value of m and of n .

( -1/2 x 1)
[m =1 .n=5]
 51

7. (SPM 08 , P1, Q5 ) 8. (SPM 08 , P1, Q6 )

The quadratic function f(x) = p ( x + p ) 2 + r, where p, q and Find the range of the values of x for ( x 3 ) 2 < 5 x .
r are constants, has a minimum value of -4. The equation of
the axis of symmetry is x = 3.
State
a) The range of values of p
b) The value of q
c) The value of r

[1 < x < 4]
9. (SPM 09 , P1, Q5 ) 10. (SPM 09 , P1, Q6 )
Diagram shows the graph of a quadratic function f(x) = - ( x The quadratic function f(x) = -x2 + 4x + a2, where a is a
p )2 +q, where p and q are constant. constant, has maximum value 8. Find the values of a.
y
( -3 , 0
)
0
x

( 0 ,-9
y = f(x) )

State
a) The value of p,
b) The equation of the axis of symmetry

[ a = -2 or 2 ]
11 ( SPM 08, P2, Q2 ) 12 ( SPM 10, P1, Q4 )
Diagram below shows the curve of a quadratic function f(x) Diagram below shows the curve of a quadratic function y =
= -x2 + kx 5 . The curve has a maximum point at B( 2 , p ) f(x) y
and intercepts that f(x)-axis at point A.
f(x)
O x

B

( 2 ,p ) 5 y=

A f(x)

O 3 x
-1
 52

State
a) State the coordinate of A. a) The roots of the equation f(x) = 0
[ 1 marks ] b) The equation of the axis of symmetry of the curve
b) By using the method of completing the square , find [ 3 marks ]
the value of k and of p.
[ 4 marks ]
c) Determine the range of values of x , if f(x) -5
[ 2 marks ]

[ x = -1 , x = 3 , axis symmetry
[ A( 0 , -5 ) , b) k = 4 ,p x=1]
= -1 c) 0 x4 ]

13. (SPM 10 , P1, Q5 ) 14. (SPM 10 , P1, Q6 )

The quadratic function ( 1 p )-x2 - 6x + 10, where p is a The quadratic function f(x) = -x2 + 4x 3 can be expressed in
constant, has two difference roots . Find the range of values the form of f(x) = -(x 2 )2 + k , where a is k constant.
of p. a)
Find the value of k
b)
Sketch the graph of the function f(x) on the given axes.
 53

f(x)

x
O

[ p > 1/10 ]

[ k =1 ]

SIMULTANEOUS EQUATIONS ( CHAPTER 4 F4 )

1. ( SPM 00, P2, Q1 ) 2. ( SPM 02, P2, Q1 )

Solve the simultaneous equations Solve the simultaneous equations :

3x 5 = 2y x+y3 = 0

y(x + y) = x(x + y) 5 x2 + y2 xy = 21
 54

(x=3 y=2) ( x=
1, y = 4 ; x = 4, y = 1 )
3. ( SPM 03, P2, Q1 ) 4. ( SPM 04, P2, Q1 )
Solve the simultaneous equations : Solve the simultaneous equations p m = 2 and p 2 + 2m =
8. Give your answers correct to three decimal places .
4x + y = 8

x2 + x y = 2

( x=
2,y=0 ; x= 3,y=4) ( m = 0.606, p = 2.606 ;
m = 6.606 , p = 4.606 )
5. ( SPM 05, P2, Q1 ) 6. ( SPM 06, P2, Q1 )
1 Solve the simultaneous equations 2x + y = 1 and 2x 2 + y2
Solve the simultaneous equations x y 1 and y2
2 + xy = 5. Give your answers correct to three decimal places
10 = 2x .
 55

( x= ( x = 1.618, y = 2.236
4,y=3 ; x= ,y=3) , x = 0.618, y = 0.236)

7. ( SPM 07, P2, Q1 ) 8. ( SPM 08, P2, Q1 )

Solve the simultaneous equations Solve the simultaneous equations

2x y 3 = 0 and 2x2 10x + y + 9 = 0 x 3y + 4 = 0

x2 + xy 40 = 0

( x ( x = 5,
= 3,y=3 ; x=1,y= 1) y=3 ; x = - 6 , y = - 2/3 )
9. ( SPM 09, P2, Q1 ) 10. ( SPM 10, P2, Q1 )
Solve the simultaneous equations k 3p = 1 and p + pk Solve the simultaneous equations x 2y = 7 and xy x =
2k = 0 . Give your answers correct to three decimal 9y . Give the answers correct to two decimal places.
places.

( p = 1.577 or
0.423 , k = 3. 731 or 0.269 )

INDICES AND LOGARITMS ( CHAPTER 5 )

Basic formulae that must be remember

 56

am an = am a n = (am)n = a0 = a m
1 (ab)m =
am
am + n am n amn 1 am b m

1. Simplify all the following

b. 2x X 23x = c)
23 X 53 = 1
a. 53 X 5 4 = =
a a
2 24
d)

e)
23 =
f)
( 73) -2 = g)
(33)-2 X 32 = h)
2 n 1 8n 1
2 4

i)
5n 3 53n 1
j)
2 2 n 1 23n 1 k)
7 n 1 3
72n l) ab
3 2
a 4b
a 3b

m)
9n 2
n)
3 3n 1 o)
2n 2n 1 p)
5n 1 5n 5n 1
31 n 271 n

2. Solve all the following

 57
a)
3x = 81 b)
2x = 32 c)
4x = 64 d)
8x = 16

e)
4x = 32 f)
27x = 9 g)
8x = 16x 3 h)
4x+2 = 32x - 1

i)
271 x = 92x j)
2 82x = 16x + 3 k)
16 42x 3 = 322 l)
251 3x = 5
x
125x

m) x+1 p) x+2 1x
2 = 64 1
2 x 1
1 3 = 27
n)
81
o)
4x 3
3 16

q)
5( 4-x ) = 80 r)
64(163x) = 1 s)
3x-1 = 9x t)
4x+1 = 8x

3. To convert numbers in index form to logaritmic form and vice-versa.

 58

No. Index Form Logaritmic Form No. Index Form Logaritmic Form

1. 102 = 100 log10 100 = 2 11. log3 x = y

2. 23 = 8 12. loga y = 2

3. pq = r 13. log2 32 = 5

4. 104 = 10000 14. log3 (xy) = 2

5. a3 = b 15. logy 10x = 3

6. 81 = 34 16. log10 100y = p

7. m = pk 17. logp m = k

8. 2x = y 18. Log5 125 = 3

1
9. v = 10x 19. = log8 2
3

10. 64 = 43 20. Logy 5 = -3

4. To find the value of a given Logaritm . loga ax : =

IMPORTANT
 59

1. log10 1000 = 3 6. log p p8 = 11. log a a2 =

1
2. log2 32 = 7. log m m-1 = 12. logm =
m2

3. log10 0.01 = 8. log a a = 13. log p p-5 =

1
4. log 4 64 = 9. loga = 14. log b bk =
a4

5. log p p = 10. log p (pp2) = 15. log p p p =

Laws of Logaritm

x
loga = loga x loga xm =
loga (xy) = loga x y loga xn = n loga 1 = loga a =
m loga x
+ loga y loga y loga x 0 1

5. Use the law of the logarihm .

1. loga 3pr = loga 3 + loga p 2. loga 2mn = 3. loga 3aq =

+ loga r
 60

4. log10 10yz = 5. log10 1000xy = 6. log2 4mn =

p p 4
7. loga q
= loga p loga q 8. loga 2r
9. log2 m =

10 xy 3a
10.log10 = 11. log10 = 12. (e) loga =
kx 100 m

13. loga x3 = 3 loga x 14. log2 ( xy 4 ) = 1

15. loga
x2
 61

16. log2 ( 4 y 4 ) = y4 y4
17. log2 8 = 18. log2 x =

5
19. log10 10000x = xy 4
k2 21. log2 ( ) =
8
20. log2 4x 3 =

22. logp ( 8 p 5 ) = 24. log10 100x3 =

y3
23. log4 64 =

6. EQUATIONS IN INDICES (Which involves the use of LOGARITM)

1. 3x = 18 2. 5x+2 = 16 3. 2x = 9 4. 7x = 20
log10 3x = log10 18 log10 5x+2 = log10 16
x log10 3 = log10 18 (x+2) log10 3 = log10
log10 18 18
x log10 16
log10 3 x2
x = 2.631 log10 5
x+2 =
 62

x =

5. 4x+1 = 28 6. 3x-2 = 8 7. 2x+3 = 200 8. 71-x = 2.8

9. 63x-2 = 66 10.2 3x + 1
=5 11.3 log2 x
= 5 12. 7 = 9l0g3 x

log b x
7. Change of Base of Logarithms . Formula : loga x =
log b a

log 2 8 2. log4 32 = 3. log16 8 = 4. log8 2 =

1. log4 8 = log 2 32
log 2 4
3 log 2 4
=
2
 63

5. log9 27 = 6. log25 625 7. log9 3 = 8. log4 2 =

(With a calculator) Change to base 10

1. log10 9 log10 20 (b) log4 0.8 =
log4 9 = (a) log5 20 =
log10 4 log10 5
= 1.585 =

(c) log7 2 = (d) log9 77 = (e) log3 9.6 =

(f) log6 2.5 = (g) log5 2000 = (h) log12 6 =

8. Aplication of the Laws of Logaritm To Solve Simple Equations involvong logaritms

Solve the equation log2 (x+1) = 3. 1. Solve the equation log2 (x 3 ) = 2.Solve the equation log10 (3x 2)
Answers: log2 (x+1) = 3 2. = 1.
x + 1 = 23
x+1= 8
x = 7

x=7 x = 0.7
3. Solve the equation log5 (4x 1 ) 4. Solve the equation log3 (x 6) = 5. Solve the equation log10 (1+ 3x)
= 1. 2. = 2
 64

Ans : x = 0.3 Ans : x = 15 Ans : x = 33

6.Solve the equation log3 (2x 1) + 7. Solve the equation : 8.Solve the equation
log2 4 = 5 . log4 (x 2) + 3log2 8 = 10. log2 (x + 5) = log2 (x 2) +
3.

Ans : x = 6
Ans : x = 14 Ans : x = 3
9. Solve the equation 10.Solve log3 3(2x + 3) = 4 11 . Solve log2 8(7 3x) = 5
log5 (4x 7) = log5 (x 2) + 1.

Ans : x = 3 Ans : x = 12 Ans : x = 1

9. To Determine the value of a logarithm without using calculator.

Given log2 3 = 1.585, log2 5 = (b) log2 25 = log2 (5 5) 3

2.322. Without using a calculator (c) log2 0.6 = log2 ( )
5
find the value of

(a) log2 15 = log2 (3 5)

= log2 3 + log2 5
= 1.585 + 2.322
=
 65

(d) log2 10 (e) log4 5 (g) log5 2

L1. Given log3 5 = 1.465 , log3 7 = (b) log3 49 = (c) log3 1.4 =
1.771 . Withouf using calculator,
evaluate

(a) log3 35 =

(d) log3 21 = (f) log5 3 =

(e) log9 21 =

SPM QUESTIONS

1. ( SPM 01, P1, Q ) 2. ( SPM 98, P1, Q )

Given log3 x = m and log2 x = n. Find logx 24 in terms of m Given log3 x = p and log9 y = q. Find log3 xy2 in terms of p and
and n. q.
 66

( 3/n + 1/m ) ( p + 4q )
3. ( SPM 03, P1, Q5 ) 4. ( SPM 03, P1, Q6 )
Given log 2 T - log4 V = 3, express T in terms of V. Solve the equation 42x 1 = 7x

( 1.677 )
( T = 8V
)
5. ( SPM 04, P1, Q7 ) 6. ( SPM 04, P1, Q8 )
Solve the equation 82 x 3 48 x 6 . Given that log 5 2 m and log 5 7 p , express log 5 4.9 in
terms of m and p.]

( x=3 ) ( 2p m - 1 )
7. ( SPM 05, P1, Q7 ) 8. ( SPM 05, P1, Q8 )
Solve the equation 2 x 4 2 x 3 1 . Solve the equation log 3 4 x log3 (2 x 1) 1 .

( x = -3 ) ( x = 3/2 )
9. ( SPM 05, P1, Q9 ) 10. ( SPM 06, P1, Q6 )
27 m 2 x 3 1
Given that log m 2 p and log m 3 r , express log m Solve the equation 8 .
4 4x2
in terms of p and r.
 67

( 3r 2p + 1 ) ( x=1)
11. ( SPM 06, P1, Q7 ) 12. ( SPM 06, P1, Q8 )
Given log2 xy = 2 + 3log2 x log2 y, express y in terms of Solve the equation 2 log 3 ( x 1) log 3 x .
x.

( x= 9/8 )
( y = 4x )
13. ( SPM 07, P1, Q7 ) 14. ( SPM 07, P1, Q8 )
Given that log2 b = x and log2 c = y, express log4 Given that 9 ( 3n-1 ) = 27n , find the value of n.
8b
in terms of x and y.
c

3 x y
[ ]
2 [ n=]
15. ( SPM 08, P1, Q7 ) 16. ( SPM 08, P1, Q8 )
Solve the equation : 162x 3 = 84x Given that log4 x = log2 3 , find the value of x.
 68

[ x = -3 ] [x=9]
17. ( SPM 09, P1, Q6 ) 18. ( SPM 09, P1, Q7 )
Given 3n-3 X 27n = 243 , find the value of n. Given that log8 log2 q = 0, express p in terms of q.

[ n = 2 ]
[ p = q3 ]
18. ( SPM 2010 , P1 , Q7) 19. ( SPM 2010, P1, Q8 )
Solve the equation: Given log2 3 = a and log2 5 = b, express log8 45 in terms of a
8 and b.
3x 2 3x
9

[ x = -2 ] b 2a

3 3
COORDINATE GEOMETRY ( CHAPTER 6 )
 69

1. To Find the distance between two points [BACK TO BASICS] . A( x1 , y1 ) and B( x 2 , y 2 ) : AB =

( x2 x1 ) 2 ( y2 y1 ) 2 .

Eg. 1 Given two points A(2,3) and E1. P(4,5) and Q(3,2) E2. R(5,0) and S(5,2)
B(4,7)
PQ =
Distance of AB = (4 2) (7 3)
2 2

= 4 16
= 20 unit. [2]
[ 10 ]

E3. T(7,1) and U(2,5) E4. V(10,6) and W(4,2) E5. X(-4,-1) and Y(-2,1)

[ 52 ] [ 18 ]
[ 41 ]

More challenging Questions.

E1. The distance between two points E2. The distance between two E3. The distance between two
A(1, 3) and B(4, k) is 5. Find the points P(-1, 3) and Q(k, 9) is 10. points R(-2, 5) and S(1, k) is 10 .
possible vales of k. Find the possible values of k. Find the possible vales of k.

6, 4
7, -9
7, -1
 70

E4. The distance between two points
K(-1, p) and L(p, 9) is 50 . Find p.
E5. The distance between two
points U(4, -5) and V(2, t) is 20 .
Find the possible vales of t.
E6. If the distance between O(0, 0)
and P(k, 2k) is the same as the
distance between the points A(-4,
3) and B(1, -7), find the possible
values of k.

p = 0, 6 t =-9, -1
k = 5, -5

Division of a Line Segment

x1 x 2 y1 y 2
2. To find the mid-point of Two Given Points. Formula : Midpoint M = ,
2 2

Eg. P(3, 2) and Q(5, 7) E1 P(-4, 6) and Q(8, 0) E2 P(6, 3) and Q(2, -1)

35 27
Midpoint, M = ,
2 2
9
= (4 , )
2
(2, 3) (4, 1)
E3 P(0,-1), and Q(-1, -5) E4 P(-3,8) and Q(-11, 0) E5 P(-2,- 5) and Q(-10, -5)

(- , -3) (7 , 4) (-6 , -5)

 71

3. Q divides the line segment PR in the ratio PQ : QR = m : n. P(x, y), R(x, y) n R(x2, y2)
m
m n Q(x, y)
P(x1, y1) Q(x, y) R(x2, y2)
P(x1, y1)

nx1 mx 2 ny1 my 2
Q (x,y) = ,
mn mn

Eg1. The point P internally divides the E1. The point P internally divides E2. P divides AB in the ratio 3 : 2.
line segment joining the point M(3,7) the line segment joining the point M Find the coordinates of P if
and N(6,2) in the ratio 2 : 1. Find the (4,5) and N(-8,-5) in the ratio 1 : 3.
coordinates of point P. Find the coordinates of point P. a) A(2, -3) and B( -8, 7)

1 N(6, 2)
2
P(x, y)

M(3, 7)

1(3) 2(6) 1(7) 2( 2) b) A(-7, 5) and B(8, -5)

P= ,
2 1 2 1
15 11
= ,
3 3
11
= 5,
3

5
1, (a) (-4, -3) (b) (2 , -1)
2
E3. M is a point that lies on the E4. P is a point that lies on the E5. The points P(3, p), B(-1, 2) and
 72

straight line RS such that 3RM = MS. If straight line TU such that 3TP = C(9,7) lie on a straight line. If P
the coordinates of the points R and S 2PU. If the coordinates of the points divides BC internally in the ratio m :
are (4,5) and (-8,-5) respectively, find T and U are (-9,7) and (1,-3) n , find (a) m : n , (b) the
the coordinates of point M. respectively, find the coordinates of value of p.
point P.
3RM = MS
RM 1
= , RM : MS = 1 : 3
MS 3

5
Ans : 1, (a) 2 : 3 (b) p = 4
2 (-5, 3)

1 x1 x2 x3 ... x1
4. To Find Areas of Polygons . Area of a polygon =
2 y1 y2 y3 ... y1

E1. P(0, 1), Q(1, 3) and R(2,7) 1. P(2,3), Q(5,6) and R(-4,4) 2. The coordinates of the triangle
ABC are (5, 10), (2,1) and (8, k)
1 0 1 2 0 Area of PQR = respectively. Find the possible
Area of PQR = values of k, given that the area of
2 1 3 7 1
triangle ABC is 24 units2.

1 unit 2 17
unit2
2
k = 3 , 35
 73

3. The coordinates of the triangle RST 4. P(1,5), Q(4,7), R(6,6) and S(3,1). 5. P(2, -1), Q(3,3), R(-1, 5) and S(-4,
are (4, 3), (-1, 1) and (t, -3) Area of PQRS = -1).
respectively. Find the possible values
of t , given that the area of triangle
RST is 11 units2.

8 unit 2
t = 0 , -22 [27]

5. If the area is zero, then the points are collinear.

1. Given that the points P(5, 7), Q(4, 3) 2. Show that the points K(4, 8), L(2, 2) 3. Given that the points A(2,p), B(-1,-2)
and R(-5, k) are collinear, find the value of and M(1, -1) are collinear. and C(5,6) are collinear, find the value of
k. k.

k= 33 p=2
 74

6. Equations of Straight Lines

a. If given the gradient and one E1. Find the equation of a straight line E2. Find the equation of a straight line
point: that passes through the point (5,2) that passes through the point (-8,3)
and has a gradient of -2. 3
and has a gradient of .
y y1 = m( x x1 ) 4

P(x1, y1)

Gradient = m

b. If two points are given :
Note : You may find the gradient first,
then use either (a) y = mx + c
Or (b) y y1 = m( x x1)
y = -2x + 12 4y = 3x + 36
E1. Find the equation of a straight line E2. Find the equation of a straight line
that passes through the points (2, -1) that passes through the points (-4,3)
and (3,0) and (2,-5)

Or
y y1 y 2 y1
(c) =
x x1 x 2 x1

y=x-3 4x + 3y +7 = 0
c) The x-intercept and the y-intercept E1. The x-intercept and the y-intercept E2. The x-intercept and the y-intercept
 75

are given: of the straight line PQ are 4 and -8 of the straight line PQ are -6 and 3
respectively. Find the gradient and the respectively. Find the gradient and the
y int ercept equation of PQ. equation of PQ.
m = -
x int errcept y int ercept
m PQ =
x int errcept
8 y
=
Equation of Straight Line is : 4
= 2
x y O x
+ =1 4
a b

-8

x y
Equation : + =1
4 8

y 2x 8 2y = x+6
E3. The x-intercept of a straight line E4. The x-intercept of a straight line E5. Find the gradient and the equation
AB is -5 and its gradient is -3. Find the RS is 2 and its gradient is 3. Find of AB.
y-intercept of the straight line AB and the y-intercept of the straight line RS
y
the equation of AB. and the equation of RS.
B
6
x
O
-2
A

3x + 5y +15 = 0 y = 3x + 6 x 3y = 6
 76

7. Parallel Lines and Perpendicular lines . Parallel lines, m1 = m 2 / Perpendicular lines, m1 m 2 = -1

Eg. y = 3x 2 and 3x y = 4 1. y = 2x +5 and 4x + 2y = 5 2. 2x 3y = 5 and 6y = 4x + 9

y =3x2 , m1 = 3
3x y = 4
y = 3x 4 , m2 = 3
Since m1 = m2 , the two line
are parallel .

Eg. y = 3x 2 and x + 3y = 4 1. 3y = 2x 2 and 2x + 3y = 1 2. x 3y = 2 and 6x + 2y = 5

y =3x2 , m1 = 3
x + 3y = 4
3y = x + 4
1 4 1
y x , m2 =
3 3 3
1
Since m1 . m2 = 3 1 ,
3
The two given lines are
perpendicular .

3. y = 2x +5 and 4x + 2y = 9 x y x y
4. 6y = 2 - 3x and 4 5. 1 and 8y + 6x 3 = 0
3 6 3 4

N
Y Y
 y y y

R O B
Q x 77
Diagram Diagram
2 3
8. Solve all the following A
P S Diagram
O x O x 4
 78

Equation of a Locus
9. To Find the equation of the locus of the moving point P such that its distances of P from the points Q and R are
equal.

E1. Q(2,5) and R(4,2) E2. Q(-3, 0) and R(6, 4) E3. Q(2, -3) and R(-4, 5)

4x 6y+9 =0 18x + 8y = 43 3x 4y + 3 = 0
E4. Q(6, -2) and R(0, 2) E5. Given two points A(3, 2) and B(7, E6. Given two points P(4, 10) and QB(-
-4). Find the equation of the 6, 0). Find the equation of the the
perpendicular bisector of AB. perpendicular bisector of PQ.

3x 2y 9 = 0 3y =2x - 13 x+y=4
 79

10. : To find the equation of the locus of the moving point P such that its distances from the points A and B are
in the ratio m : n

E1. A(1, 5), B(4, 2) and m : n = 2 E2. A(-3, 2), B(3, 2) and m : n = E3. A(1, 3), B(-2, 6) and m : n = 1 :
:1 2:1 2

x2+y2 10x 2y + 19 = 0 x2+y2 10x 6y + 13 = 0 x2+ y2 3x 3y = 0

E4. A(5, -2), B(-4, 1) and m : n = E5. P(-1, 3), Q( 4, -2) and m : n = 2 : E6. A(1, 5), B(-4, -5) and m : n =
1:2 3 3:2
 80

x2+ y2 16x + 6y + 33 = 0 x2+y2+ 10x 14y + 2 = 0 x2+y2 + 16x +26y + 53 = 0

SPM QUESTIONS PAPER 1
1. ( SPM 03, P1, Q9 ) 2. ( SPM 03, P1, Q11 )
The points A(2h, h) , B( p , t ) and C (2p, 3t) are on a straight y x
line. B divides AC internally in the ratio 2 : 3 . Express p in
The equations of two straight lines are 1 and 5y = 3x
5 3
terms of t. + 24. Determine whether the lines are perpendicular to each
other.

(Yes )
( p = -2t )

3. ( SPM 04, P1, Q14 ) 4. ( SPM 04, P1, Q15 )

Diagram 4 shows a straight line PQ with the equation The point A is (-1, 2) and B is (4, 6). The point P moves such
that PA : PB = 2 : 3. Find the equation of locus of P.
x y
1. Find the equation of the straight line
2 3
perpendicular to PQ and passing through the point Q.
y
Q
Diagram
4
P
O x
 81

2 (5x2+5y2+50x+12y+163=0)
( y x 3)
3

5. ( SPM 05, P1, Q14 ) 6. ( SPM 06, P1, Q12 )

The following information refers to the equations of two Diagram 5 shows the straight line AB which is perpendicular to
straight lines, JK and RT, which are perpendicular to each the straight line CB at the point B.
other. y
JK : y = px + k
A(0,

RT : y = (k 2)x + p 4) Diagram
B
5

Express p in terms of k. O x
C

The equation of CB is y = 2x 1 . Find the coordinates of B.

1 (2, 3)
p
2k
7. ( SPM 07, P1, Q13 ) 8. ( SPM 07 , P1, Q14 )
x y The vertices of a triangles are A(5,2) , B(4,6) and C(p,-2).
The straight line 1 has a y-intercept of 2 and is
6 h Given that the area of the triangles is 30 unit 2 , find the values
parallel to the straight line y + kx = 0. Determine the value of p.
of h and of k.
 82

[ h = 2 , k = 1/3 ] [ p = -9 or 21 ]
9. ( SPM 08 , P1, Q13 ) 10. (SPM 08, P1, Q14 )
Diagram 13 shows a straight line passing through S(3,0) The point (0 ,3), ( 2 ,t) and ( -2 , -1 ) are the vertices of a
and yT(0,4). triangles. Given that the area of the triangle is 4 unit 2, find the
values of t.

T(0,4)

S (3,0 )x
a) Write down the equation of the straight line ST in the
x y
form of 1
a b
b) A point P(x ,y) moves such that PS = PT. Find the
equation of the locus of P.

[
x y
1 , 6x 8y 7 = 0 ] [ t = 11 or 3 ]
3 4
11. (SPM 09 , P1, Q15 ) 12. (SPM 10 , P1 , Q13 )
Diagram shows a straight line AC. A straight line passes through A ( -2, -5 ) and B ( 6,7).
y a) Given C(h , 10 ) lies on the straight line AB , find the value

A(-2,3)
of h.
b) Point D divides the line segment AB in the ratio 1 : 3. Find
the coordinates of D.
B (h,k )
0 x
C( 4,0 )
13. ( SPM 10, P1, Q14 )
The point B lies on AC such that AB : BC = 3 : 1. Find Point P moves such that its distance is always 5 units from Q(-
the coordinates of B. 3,4). Find the equation of the locus of P.
 83

5 3
[ B = ( , ) ]
2 4
1. (SPM 2002, P2, Q11) 2. (SPM 2003, P2, Q11)

Given that A( 1 , 2 ) and B(2, 1) are two fixed points. A point P moves along the arc of a circle with centre A(2, 3).
Point P moves such that the ratio of AP to PB is always 1 : The arc passes through Q(-2, 0) and R(5, k).
2.
(a) Find
(i) the equation of the locus of P,
(a) Show that the locus of P is x2 + y2 +4x + 6y +5 = 0. (ii) the values of k. [6 marks]
[2 marks] (b) The tangent to the circle at point Q intersects the y- axis
(b) Show that the point C(0, -5) lies on this locus. [2 at point T.
marks] Find the area of triangle OQT. [4
(c) Find the equation of the line AC. [3 marks] marks]
(d) Given that the line AC cuts the locus of P again at point
D. Find the coordinates of D.
[3 marks ]
 84

[ x2 + y2 - 4x - 6y - 12 = 0, k
= -1 or 7 , T(0, -8/3) , 8/3 ]
3. (SPM 04, P2, Q2) 4. (SPM 05, P2, Q9)
Diagram 1 shows a straight line CD which meets a straight In Diagram 5, ABC = 900 and the equation of the straight
line AB at the point D. T he point C lies on the y- axis. line BC is 2y + x + 6= 0.
A (-4,
y 9)
y
Diagra
m1 Diagra
C B
m5
x
O B(9, x
O
0)
C

A(0, (b) Find
6)down the equations of AB in the form of
(a) Write (i) the equation of the straight line AB
intercepts. (ii) the coordinates of B [5 marks]
[ 1 mark ] (c) The straight line AB is extended to a point D such that
(b) Given that 2AD = DB , find the coordinates of D. AB : BD = 2 : 3. Find the coordinates of D.
[2 marks]
[ 2 marks ] (d) A point P moves such that its distance from point A is
(c) Given that CD is perpendicular to AB, find the y- always 5 units.
intercept of CD. Find the equation of the locus of P. [3
[ 3 marks ] marks]
 85

[ x/9 y/6 = 1 , [ y = 2x + 17 , B(-8, 1 ) , D(-14, -11), x2 +

D( 3 , -4 ) ,y-intercept = ] y2 + 8x - 18y + 72 = 0 ]

5. (SPM 2006, P2, Q9) 6. ( SPM 07, P2, Q2 )

Diagram 3 shows the triangle AOB where O is the origin. In diagram below, the straight line AB has an equation y + 2x
Point C lies on the straight line AB. + 8 = 0. AB intercepts the x-axis at point A and intercepts the
y-axis at point B. y

A(-3, y
4)
A 0
x
Diagra
P
m3
C

O x B
y + 2x + 8 = 0
B(6,
-2)

(a) Calculate the area, in units2, of triangle AOB. [2 Point P lies on AB such that AP : PB = 1 : 3. Find
marks] a) The coordinates of P
(b) Given that AC : CB = 3 : 2, find the coordinates of [ 3 marks ]
b) The equation of the straight line that passes through P
C. [2 marks]
and perpendicular to AB.
(c) A point P moves such that its distance from point A is [ 3 marks ]
always twice its distance from point B.
(i) Find the equation of locus of P,
(ii) Hence, determine whether or not this locus
intercepts the y-axis.
[6 marks]
 86

[ P(-
1 1
[ a) 9 b) ( 12/5 , 2/5 ) c) i) 3x 2 + 3y2 3, -2) , y x ]
2 2
54x + 24y 135 = 0 ]
7. ( SPM 08, P2 , Q10 ) 8. ( SPM 09, P2 , Q9 )
Diagram below shows a triangle OPQ. Point S lies on the Diagram below shows a trapezium OABC. The line OA is
line PQ. y perpendicular to the line AB, which intercepts the y-axis at the
3
point Q. It is given that the equation of OA is y = x and
3 2
P( ,k)
2 the equation of yAB is 6y = kx + 26.
B

6y = kx + 26

S ( 3, 1)) Q

AQ
x
O

Q C
a) A point W moves such that its distance from point S is
O
x
1
always 2 units.
2
[ 3 marks ] a) Find
b) It is given that point P and point Q lie on the locus of i) the value of k
W. Calculate ii) the coordinates of A
i) the value of k [ 4 marks ]
ii) the coordinates of Q b) Given AQ = QB = 1 : 2 , find
[ 5 marks ] i) the coordinates of B
c) Hence, find the area, in unit 2 , of triangle OPQ. ii) the equation of straight line BC
 87

[ 2 marks ] [ 4 marks ]
c) A point P ( x, y ) moves such that 2PA = PB. Find
the equation of the locus of P
[ 2 marks ]

[ a) k = 4 , A( -2, 3) b) B( 4 , 7 ) , 2y + 3x = 26 c) 3x 2 +
[ 4x + 4y 24x 8y + 15 = 0 , k
2 2 3y2 + 24x 10y 13 = 0 ]
= 3 , Q (4 , -1 ) , 7 ]
9. ( SPM 10, P2 , Q5 )
Diagram below shows a straight line AC which intersects the
y-axis aty point B .

C
x
O

A (- 3, -7) B

The equation of AC is 3y = 2x - 15 . find
a) the equation of the straight line which passes through
point A and perpendicular to AV
[ 4 marks ]
b) i) the coordinates of B
ii)the coordinates of C, given AB : BC = 2 : 7
[ 3 marks ]
 88

CIRCULAR MEASURE ( CHAPTER 7 )

1. RADIAN

1.1 Converting Measurements in Radians to Degrees and Vice Versa

Example: 25.8o (a) 30o = (b) 45o =

A
Since 180o = rad
o
25.8
25.8 25.8 O B
180
[0.5237 rad] [0.7855 rad]
0.4504 rad

(c) 81.5o = (d) 122.8o = (e) 154o 20 =

[1.423 rad] [2.144 rad] [2.694 rad]

(f) 225o 36 = (g) -50o = (h) -950 =
 89

[3.938 rad] [-0.02773 rad]

Example: 0.75 rad Q (a) 0.6 rad = (b) 1.54 rad =
Since rad = 180o P
180 0.75 rad
0.75 rad 0.75

42.97 O
[88.22o]
[34.37 ]
o
Always use = 3.142
18 1 (e) (1 + ) rad =
(c) rad (d) - 2 rad
5 3

[206.24o] [-133.67o] [237.29o]

2. ARC LENGTH OF A CIRCLE

S
2.1 For each of the following, find the length of the arc S given the values of r and . => S = r
r
Example: P (a) r = 20 cm and = 0.6 rad (b) r = 15 cm and = 1.4 rad
r = 10 cm and = 1.5 rad
Since S = r
= 10 1.5 S 1.5 rad O
= 15 cm
Q
[12 cm] [21 cm]
(d) r = 10 cm and = 60o (e) r = 1.5 m and = 82.8o
(c) r = 30 cm and = rad
6

[15.71 cm]
[10.47 cm] [2.168 m]

S
2.2 For each of the following, calculate the length of the radius r given the values of S and . => S = r
r
 90

Example: A
(a) S = 9 cm and = 1.5 rad (b) S = 4.5 cm and = 1.8 rad
S = 4.5 cm and = 1.5 rad
Since S = r r
4.5 = 1.5r O 1.5 rad
4.5
r
1.5
B [6 cm] [2.5 cm]
= 3 cm
(c) S = 9 m and = 30o (d) S = 15 cm and = 32.8 o

(e) S = 10 cm and = rad
8

[17.19 m] [26.20 cm] [25.46 cm]

S
2.3 For each of the following, find the angle in radian given the values of r and S.. => S = r
r
Example: (a) r = 9 cm and S = 36 cm (b) r = 7 cm and S = 5.6 cm
r = 5 cm and S = 10 cm A
Since S = r
10 = 5
10 O
=
5
= 2 rad B [4 rad] [0.8 rad]

(c) r = 20 cm and S = 0.7 m (d) r = 7.15 cm and S = 0.28 m (e) r = 5.6 cm and S = 3 cm

[3.5 rad] [224.34o] [96.43o]

3. AREA OF SECTOR

3.1 For each of the following, find the area of the sector A given the values of r and .
 91

Example: (a) r = 5 cm and = 0.8 rad (b) r = 2.11 cm and = 1.78 rad
r = 3 cm and = 1.8 rad P
1
Since A r 2
2
1
32 1.8 O 1.8 rad
2
= 8.1 cm2

[10 cm2] [3.962 cm2]

2 4 (e) r = 1.5 m and = 122.8o
1
(c) r = 2.7 cm and = 3 rad (d) r = 12 mm and = 5 rad

[6.075 cm2] [180.98 mm2]

[2.411 m2]

3.2 For each of the following, find the length of the radius r given the values of and A

Example: = 1.2 rad and A = 15 (a) = 3 rad and A = 6 cm2 (b) = 1.4 rad and A = 118.3 cm2
cm2
1
Since A r 2
2
1
15 r 2 1.2
2
O
15 2
r2 r r
1.2 1.2 rad
= 25 [2 cm] [13 cm]
P Q
r = 5 cm
 92

3 (e) = 102o and A = 215 cm2

(c) = rad and A = 3 m2 (d) = 1 rad and A = 78.25 cm2
6 7

[6 m] [109.55 cm] [15.54 cm]

 93

3.3 For each of the following, find the angle in radian given the values of r and A.

3 (a) r = 2.4 cm and A = 1.44 cm2 (b) r = 8 cm and A = 64 cm2

Example: r = 5 cm and A = 9 cm2
8
1 2
Since A r
2
3 1 O 5 cm
9 52 B
8 2
75 2 _3 cm2
98
8 25
3 A
rad
4

[0.5 rad] [2 rad]

(c) r = 3.2 m and A = 5 m2 (a) r = 15 cm and A = 50 cm (b) r = 8 cm and A = 48 cm2

[55.95o] [80o] [85.93o]

Area of segment

1 2 1
r r 2 sin
2 2
1 2
r sin
2
 94

4 Perimeter and Area of Segments of a Circle

For each of the following diagrams, find

(i) the perimeter and

(ii) the area of the shaded segment.

(b) (c) P
A
(a) Q
P
O 0.5 rad
1 rad
O Q
O
B

[Perimeter = 4.974 cm, Area = 0.2579 cm2] [Perimeter = 9.472 cm, Area = 1.489 cm2] [Perimeter = 10.19 cm, Area = 1.145 cm2]
SPM QUESTIONS PAPER 1

1. ( SPM 04, P1, Q19 ) 2. ( SPM 05 , P1, Q18)

 95

The diagram shows a circle with centre O. Given that the length of the The diagram shows a circle with centre O. The length of the minor arc AB is 16
major arc AB is 45.51 cm, find the length, in cm, of the radius. cm and the angle of the major sector AOB is 290o.
(Use = 3.142) Using = 3.142, find
(a) the value of , in radians,
A
(Give your answer correct to four significant figures.)
(b) the length, in cm, of the radius of the circle.
O 0.354 rad A

B O

( 7.675 (a) 1.222 rad (b) 13.09 cm

cm2 )

3. ( SPM 06 P1 Q16 ) 4. ( SPM 07 P1 Q18 )

The diagram shows sector OAB with centre O and The diagram shows a sector BOC of a circle with centre O.
sector AXY with centre A. Given that OB = 10 cm, AY = 4 cm, It is given that (AD = 8 cm) < AOD = 1.85 radians and
< POQ = 1.1 radians and the length of the arc AB = 7 cm, calculate BA = AO = OD = DC = 5 cm. Find
(a) the value of , in radian, (a) the length, in cm, of the arc BC,
(b) the area, in cm2, of the shaded region. (b) the area, in cm2, of the shaded region.
A
Y
X
B
O C
A
1.85 rad D
B O

(a) 18.5 cm (b) 80.5 cm2

(a) 0.7 rad (b) 26.2 cm2
5. ( SPM 08 P1 Q18 ) 6. ( SPM 09 P1 Q12 )
The diagram shows a circle with centre O and radius 10 cm. Given that P, Q
 96

and R are points such that OP = PQ and < OPR = 900, find The diagram shows a sector BOC of a circle with centre O.
that OP = PQ and <OPR = 90o, find It is given that < BOC = 1.42 radians , AD = 8 cm and
[Use = 3.142] OA = AB = OD = DC = 5 cm. Find
(a) <QOR, in radians, (a) the length, in cm, of the arc BC,
(b) the area, in cm2, of the shaded region. (b) the area, in cm2, of the shaded region.

O 10 cm
= B
P R C
= A
1.85 rad D
Q
O
(a) 1.047 (b) 30.72
cm2
(a) 14.2 cm (b) 59
cm2
7. ( SPM 10 P1 Q17 )

The diagram shows a sector OPQ of a circle with centre O and sector
NRS of a circle with centre N.
P

N
10 cm
S 8 cm

Q
O
R

It is given that < POQ = 1.5 radians and < RNS = 0.5 radian, find the area ,
in cm2 of the shaded region

SPM QUESTIONS PAPER 2

 97

. ( SPM 03 P2 Q4 ) 2. ( SPM 04 P2 Q9 )
The diagram shows a sector POQ with centre O and radius The diagram shows a circle PQRT with centre O and radius 5 cm.
10 cm. Point R lies on the straight line OP with condition that JQK is the tangent to the circle at Q.The straight lines JO and KO,
OR : OP = 3 : 5. Calculate intersect with the circle
(a) the value of, in rad, at P and R respectively. OPQR is a rhombus. JLK is an arc of the
(b) the area, in cm2 of the shaded region. circle with centre O. Calculate
L

P J K
Q
P R
R rad
O

O Q
T
(a) the angle , in terms of ,
(b) the length, in cm, of the arc JLK,
(c) the area, in cm2, of the shaded region.

2
(a) 0.9274 rad (b) 22.37 cm2 (a) (b) 20.95 cm (c) 61.43 cm2
3

3. ( SPM 05 P2 Q10 ) 4. ( SPM 06 P2 Q10 )

The diagram shows a sector POQ of a circle, centre O. The The diagram shows the plan of a garden. PCQ is a semicircle
 98

point A with centre O and has a radius of 8 m. RAQ is sector of a circle

lies on O P, the point B lies on OQ and AB is perpendicular to with
centre A and has a radius of 14 m. Sector COQ is a lawn. The
OQ. The length of OA = 8 cm and <POQ = radian. It is shaded
6
given that OA : OP = 4 : 7. region is a flower bed and has to be fenced. It is given that AC
(Use = 3.142) Calculate =8m
and <POQ = 1.956 radians.
P
(Use = 3.142) Calculate
R
A

8 cm C

_ rad
6
O B Q
P Q
(a) the length, in cm, of AP, A O
[1]
(b) the perimeter, in cm, of the shaded region, (a) the area, in m2, of the lawn, [2]
[5] (b) the length, in m, of the fence required for fencing
(c) the area, in cm2, of the shaded region. the flower bed, [4]
[4] (c) the area, in m2, of the flower bed. [4]

(a) 62.592 m2 (b) 38.252 m (c) 14.71 m2

(a) 6 cm (b) 24.403 cm (c) 37.463 cm 2

 99

5. ( SPM 07 P2 Q9 ) 6. ( SPM 08 P2 Q9 )
The diagram shows a circle, centre O and radius 10 cm The diagram shows two circles. The larger circle has centre X
inscribed in a sector APB of a circle, centre P. The straight and radius 12 cm. The smaller circle has centre Y and radius 8
lines, cm.
AP and BP are tangents to the circle at point Q and R, The circles touch at point R. The straight line PQ is a common
respectively. tangent
[Use = 3.142] . Calculate to the circles at point P and point Q.
(a) the length, in cm, of the arc AB, [Use = 3.142]
[5] Given that<PXR = radian,
(b) the area, in cm2, of the shaded region. (a) show that = 1.37 (to two decimal places), [2]
[5] (b) calculate the length, in cm, of the minor arc QR, [3]
(c) calculate the area, in cm2, of the shaded region. [5]
A B
O

Q R .
Q

.
Y
60 o

.
P R
P
X
 100

(a) 14.176 cm (b) 40.616 cm2

(a) 31.41 cm (b) 88.6 cm 2

7. ( SPM 09 P2 Q10 ) 7. ( SPM 10 P2 Q11 )

In diagram below, POQ is a sector of a circle with centre O Diagram below shows a circle with centre O.PD is the midpoint
and radius 26 cm. SRT is a quadrant of a circle R and radius of AC and <DOC = 60o .
5 cm.
P

O Q 60o
R T
It is given that S is the midpoint of OP. Use = 3.142 and A
D C
give the answers correct to two decimal places . Calculate
(a) POQ, in radian
[ 2 marks ]
(b) the perimeter in cm of the coloured region . B
[ 4 marks ]
(c) the area in cm2, of the coloured region . 7
It is given that the area of the major sector OAC is 209 cm2.
[ 4 marks ] 15
Use = 3.142 Find
(a) the value of in radian
[1 marks ]
(b) radius , in cm , of the circle,
[2 marks ]
(c) perimeter , in cm, of the shaded region ,
[ 4 marks ]
(d) the area , in cm2 , of segment ABC
[ 3 marks ]
 101

[1.047, 21.99,
[ 0.39 rad , 40 cm , 82.18 cm ]2 159.14 , ]
STATISTICS ( CHAPTER 8 F4 )

1. ( SPM 05 P1 Q23 ) 2. ( SPM 06 P1 Q24 )

The mean of four numbers is m . The sum of the squares of A set of positive integers consists of 2, 5 and m. The variance
the for this set of integers is 14. Find the value of m.
numbers is 100 and the standard deviation is 3k. Express m
in terms of k.

( 11 )

25 - 9k2

3. ( SPM 07 P1 Q22 ) 4. ( SPM 08 P1 Q22 )

A set of data consists of five numbers. The sum of the A set of seven numbers has a mean of 9.
numbers is 60 and (a) Find x.
the sum of the squares of the numbers is 800. Find, for the (b) When a number k is added to this set, the new mean is
five numbers 8.5.
(a) the mean, Find the value of k.
(b) the standard deviation. [ 3 ]

(a) 63 (b) 5
(a) 12 (b) 4

5. ( SPM 09 P1 Q24 )
A set of 12 numbers x1 , x 2 ,.............., x12 , has a variance of
 102

40 and it is given that x2 = 1080 . Find

(a) the mean , x.
(b) the value of x .

(a) 7.0711 (b) 84.853

1. ( SPM 03 P2 Q5 ) 2. ( SPM 04 P2 Q4 )
A set of test marks: x1, x2, x3, x4, x5, x6 has a mean value of 5 A set of data contains 10 numbers. The sum of these numbers
and standard deviation of 1.5. is 150
(a) Find the and the sum of their squares is 2472.
(i) sum of marks, x, (a) Find the mean and variance for these 10 numbers.
(ii) sum of squared marks,x2. [ 3 ] (b) Another number is added to this set of data and the
(b) Each mark is multiplied by 2 and then 3 is added. mean
For the set of new marks, find the increase by 1.
(i) mean, Find
(ii) variance. [4] (i) the value of this number,
(ii) the standard deviation for the set of 11 numbers.
(a) (i) 30 [4]
(ii) 163.50 (b) (i) 13 (ii) 3

(a) mean = 15, variance = 22.2

(b) (i) 26 (ii) 5.494

3. ( SPM 05 P2 Q4 ) 4. ( SPM 06 P2 Q6 )
Number of Pupils
The diagramshows a histogram which represents the The table beside shows the frequency distribution of the
distribution of
14 scores of a group
12the marks obtained by 40 pupils in a test. of pupils in a game.
Number
10
Score of
8
Pupils
6
10 - 19 1
4 20 - 29 2
2 30 - 39 8
0 Marks 40 - 49 12
0.5 10.5 20.5 30.5 40.5 50.5
 103

(a) It is given that the median score of the distribution is

(a) Without using an ogive, 42.
calculate the median mark. [3] Calculate the value of k.
(b) Calculate the standard deviation of the distribution. (b )Use the graph paper provided by the invigilator to
[4] answer this
question.
Using a scale of 2 cm to 10 scores on the horizontal
axis and 2 cm to
2 pupils on the vertical axis, draw a histogram to
represent the
frequency distribution of the scores.
(a) 24.07 (b) 11.74 Find the mode score.
(c) What is the mode score if the score of each pupil is
increased by 5?

a) 4 (b) 42.6 (c) 47.6

5. ( SPM 07 P2 Q5 ) 6. ( SPM 08 P2 Q6 )
The table below shows the cumulative frequency distribution The table beside shows the marks obtained by 40 candidates
for the scores of 32 students in a competition. in a test.

Score < 10 < 20 < 30 < 40 < 50 Marks Number of

Candidates
Number of 4 10 20 28 32
students 10 - 19 1
20 - 29 x
30 - 39 y
(a) Based on the table above, copy and complete the table
40 - 49 10
below. [ 1 ]
50 - 59 8
Score 0-9 10 - 19 20 - 29 30 - 39 40 - 49
Number of Given that the median mark is 35.5, find the value of x and of
students y.
Hence, state the modal class.
(b) Without drawing an ogive, find the interquartile range of
the distribution. [5]
(a)
 104

22
4, 6, 10, 8, 4 (b) x = 13, y
3 = 5, modal class = 20 - 29

7. ( SPM 10 P2 Q6 )
The table shows the frequency distribution of the marks of a
group of student.
Marks Number of
Students
1 - 10 5
11 - 20 8
21 -30 20
31 - 40 10
a) 41 - 50 7 Using a scale of 2
cm to 10 marks on the horizontal axis and 2 cm to 2
students on the vertical axis , draw a histogram to
represent the frequency distribution of the marks in the
above table. Hence , find the mode mark
[ 4 marks ]
b) Calculate the standard deviation of the marks.
[ 4 marks ]

x = 13, y =
5, modal class = 20 29
DIFFERENTIATION ( CHAPTER 9 F4 )
1. To Determine the first derivative of the function y = ax n using formula.
y= x3 y= x4 y= x7 y = 5x 3

dy
= 3 x 31
dx
= 3 x2
[4x3] [ 7x6] [15x2]
4 5
y= 5x y= 8x f(x) = 2x -4 f(x) = 6x -1
f(x) = f(x) =
 105

dy
=
dx

4
[- x85 ] [- x62 ]
3
[ -20x ] [-40x ]
3 4 1 3 1 4 1
y= x y= x y= x y= x 6
2 6 2 3
dy
=
dx

2 x3 [2x5 ]
[ 6x3] [ 2x1 4 ]
2 3 2 5 4
y= x y= x 6
f(x) = f(x) =
3 3 2x 3x 6
dy 2 31
=3 x f(x) =
dx 3 f(x) =
= 2 x2

[ x47 ] [- 2x5 2 ] [- x87 ]

2. To determine the first derivative of a product of 2 polynomial.

y= x ( x3+1) y= x ( x4+2) y= ( x 5+1)x y= ( x3-1)x

u=x , v =x3+1
du dv
1, 3x 2
dx dx
dy d
(uv)
dx dx
dv du
u v
= dx dx
=
x(3x )+(x3+1)(1)
2
 106
=
3 x3+x3+1
= 4x3 +1 [ 5x4+2] [ 6x5+1] [4x3 -1]
y= 3x2 ( x3-1) 3
y= ( x -1)(5x ) 2 3 2
y= ( x -1)(-4x ) f(x)= (x-1) ( 1+x ) 3

[ 15x4-6x] [ 25x4-10x] [ -20x4+8x] [4 x3-3x2+1]

f(x)= (2-x) ( x3+3) x x x
y= (2x+1) ( +1) y= (x4+1) ( +1) y= (3-x3) ( +1)
2 3 3

5 4 3 1 4 3
[ x 4x ] [- x 3x 2 1 ]
1 3 3 3
[ -4x3+6x2-3] [2x+ 2 ]
2
3. To determine the first derivative of a quotient of two polynomials using formula

x 5x 3x 6x
Example : y 1. y 2. y = 3. y =
x 1 2x 3 4x 5 2x 7
ux v x 1
dy dv
1 1
dx dx
 107

du dv
v u
dy
dx 2 dx
dx v

x 11 x1 15 15 42
- (2x-7)
x 1 2 (2x+3)2 (4x+5)2 2

x 1 x

x 1 2
1

x 1 2
5x 4 1 4x x2 x2 1
4. y = 5. y = 7. y = 8. y =
3x 2 1 x x 3 5x 3 4

22 5
- (3x-2) 2 - (1+x) 2
x
x-3
-5x 4 +15x 2 -8x
(5x 3 -4)2

4. Determine the first derivative of composite function using chain rule.

Example Exercise

1 y ( x 2) 2 a y ( x 3) 4 b y ( x 2) 5 c y ( x 8) 3
dy
2( x 2)1 1
dx
[3(x+8)2]
2( x 2)
[4(x+3) ]3
[5(x+2) ] 4

2 y (3 x 2) 2 a y (2 x 3) 4 b y ( 4 x 2) 5 c y (5 x 8) 3
 108

dy
2 (3 x 2)1 3
dx
6(3 x 2)
[8(2x+3)3] [20(4x+2)4] [15(5x+8)2]
3 y 2( x 2) 2
a y 5( x 2) 4
b y 3(4 x 2) 5
c y 2( 2 x 8) 3
dy
2 2( x 2)1 1
dx
4( x 2)

[20(x+2)3] [60(4x+2)4] [12(2x+8)3]

4 2 a 5 b 3 c 5
y y y y
( x 2) 2 ( x 2) 4 ( x 2) 5 2(3 x 4) 4
y 2( x 2) 2
dy
2 2( x 2) 3
dx
4( x 2) 3
4

( x 2) 3

15
20
[- (x+2) 5]
[- (x+2) 6 ]
10
[ (3x-4) 5]

5. Problem of Second Derivatives

yf(x) Example : (1) Given that

Differentiate the first
5

Given that f ( x ) 3 2 x 2 , find f (x) . y 2 x 3 4 x 2 6 x 3 , find

time
Hence, determine the value of f (1) d2y
Solution:
dy dx 2
f'(x) First
dx derivative
Differentiate the
second time
d2y Second
2
f ' ' ( x) derivative
dx
 109

f ( x) 3 2 x 2 5

4x
f ' ( x) 5 3 2 x 2
4

-20x 3 - 2x 2 4

3
f " ( x) (3 2 x 2 ) 4 [20] (20 x)[4 3 2 x 2 (4 x )]
20(3 2 x 2 ) 4 320 x 2 (3 2 x 2 ) 3
3
20 3 - 2x 2 16 x 2 (3 2 x 2 )
20(3 - 2x 2 ) 3 18 x 2 3 12x + 8

60(3 - 2x 2 ) 3 (6x 2 - 1)
f " (1) 60(1)(5)
300
(2) Given that f ( x) 2 x 2 40 3 x , find (3) Given that f ( x ) ( 4 x 1) 5 , find f (0) (4) Given that s 3 t 2 1
2

f(x). d 2s
,calculate the value of when
dt 2
1
t= .
2

320

160 36x
3
6. Determine the Gradient of a Tangent and a Normal at a point on a Curve.

Example 1 : Find the gradient of the Example: Given f ( x) x( 2 x 3) and (1) Given that the equation of a
tangent to the curve the gradient of tangent at point P on parabola is y 1 4 x 2 x 2 , find the
y 2 x 3 3x 2 7 x 5 at the point (- the curve y = f(x) is 29, find the gradient of the tangent to the curve at
2,5) coordinates of the point P. the point (-1,-3)
 110

Solution: y 2 x 3 3x 2 7 x 5 Solution: y f (x )
dy y = 2x2 3x since f(x) =
6x 2 6x 7 x(2x-3)
dx
At point (-2,5), x=-2 dy
4x 3
dx
Hence, the gradient of tangent at dy
At point P, 29
the point (-2,5) dx
4x 3 = 29
dy x=8
mT when x 2
dx y = 104
6 x 2 6 x 7 when x 2
6(2) 2 6(2) 7 The coordinates of P is (8 , 104)
5
mT 8
(2) Find the gradient of the tangent (3) Given that the gradient of the 4
to the curve y x 2 x 3 at the tangent at point P on the curve (4) Given f ( x) x and the
x2
y 2 x 5 is 4, find the coordinates
2
point (3,6). gradient of tangent is 28. Find the
the point P. value of x.

mT 7 P(2 , 1) x 2
3
7. Determine the Equation of a Tangent and a normal at a Point on a Curve.

Example 1 : Example 2 : (1) Find the equation of the tangent at

Find the equation of the tangent at Find the equation of the normal at the the point (1,9) on the curve
the point (2,7) on the curve point x = 1 on the curve y 2 x 5
2

y 3x 5
2
y 4 2 x 3x 2
 111

Solution: Solution:

y 3x 2 5 y 4 2 x 3x 2
dy dy
6x 2 6 x
dx dx
dy dy
when x 2, 6(2) 12 when x 1, 2 6(1) 4
dx dx
1
Gradient of normal, m N
Gradient of tangent, m T =12 4
Equation of tangent is when x = 1 , y = 4
y y1 mT x x1 2(1) + 3(1)2 = 5
Equation of normal is
y 7 12 x 2
y 7 12 x 24
y y1 m N x x1
1
y 12x 17 0 y 5 x 1
4 y 12 x 21
4 y 20 1( x 1)
x 4 y - 21 0
(2) Find the equation of the tangent (3) Find the equation of the normal to (4) Find the gradient of the curve
to the curve y 2 x 1 x 1 at the the curve y 2 x 2 3 x 2 at the point 4
y at the point (-2,-4) and
point where its x-coordinate is -1. where its 2x 3
x-coordinate is 2. hence determine the equation of the
normal passing through that point.

y 3 x 3 mT 8 ; x 8 y 30 0

x 5 y 22 0
8. Determine the Types of Turning Points (Minimum and Maximum Points)

Example : (1) Find the coordinates of two turning (2) Determine the coordinates of the
Find the turning points of the curve points on the curve y x x 2 3 and minimum point of y x 2 4x 4 .
 112

y 2 x 3 12 x 2 18 x 3 and determine whether each of them is

determine maximum or a minimum point.
whether each of them is a
maximum or a
minimum point.
2
y 2 x 3 12 x 18 x 3
Solution: dy

dx

dy
At turning points, 0
dx
6 x 2 24 x 18 0
x 2 4x 3 0
x 1 x 3 0
x 1 or x 3
Substitute the values of x into
y 2 x 3 12 x 2 18 x 3
When x = 1 ,
y 2(1) 3 12(1) 2 18(1) 3 11
When x = 3 ,
y 2(3) 3 12(3) 2 18(1) 3 33
Thus the coordinates of the turning
points are

and
2
d y
12 x 24
dx 2
When x = 1 ,
d2y
12(1) 24 12 0 (2 , 0)
dx 2 ,
(1 , 2) and (1 , 2)
Thus (1 , 11) is the point

d2y
When x=3, 12(3) 24 12 0
dx 2
 113

Thus , (3 , 33) is the point

9. Problems of Maximum and Minimum Values of a Function.

dy d2y
x = that satisfies 0 will minimize y if the value of 0 at x =
dx dx 2

dy d2y
x = that satisfies 0 will maximize y if the value of 0 at x =
dx dx 2

(1) Given L x 2 ( 25 2 x) , find the (2) Given y 36 x 4 x 2 7 , find the 1

(3) Given y (3 x 2 8 x 2) , find the
value of x for which L is maximum. value of x for which y is maximum. 2
Hence, determine the maximum Hence, determine the maximum value value of x
value of L. of y. for which y is minimum.
Hence, determine the minimum
value of y.

x 43 , y min 53
 114

x 25
3 , Lmax 15625
27 x 92 , y max 88

(4) The diagram below shows the
skeleton of a wire . Box with a
rectangular base of x by 3x and the
height of h.
h
x r
3x
Given the total length of the wire is
348 cm,
express h in terms of x, show that the
volume of the box, V cm3 , is given by
V = 3x2 (87 4x),
find the stationary value of V, stating
whether it is maximum or minimum
value.
(5) A length of wire 160 m is bent to (6) The diagram below shows a solid
form a sector OPQ, of a circle of centre cylinder with circular cross-section of
O and radius r as shown in the diagram radius r and the height of h.
below. r
h
Given the total surface area of the
cylinder is
300 cm2 ,
160 (a) express h in terms of r,
Show that (i) 2
(b) show that the volume of the
r
(ii) the area, A, of the sector cylinder, V cm3 , is given by V = 150 r
is r3,
given by A = 80r r 2 (c) determine the maximum volume of
(b) Find the value of and r when the the
area is a cylinder when r varies.
maximum.
(d) Determine the maximum area.
 115

(a) h = 87 4x (b) (c) Vmax = (b) r = 40 m , = 2 rad (c) Amax 1600 2

(a) h = 150r (b) (c) 100 50
or 399
18291.75 cm 3 r

9. Problems of Rates of ChangeIf y = f (x) and x = g(t), then using the chain rule dy dy dx
,
dt dx dt
dy dx
where is the rate of change of y and is the rate of
dt dt
change of x.
(1) Given that y 3 x 2 2 x and x is (2) Given that y 4 x 2 x and x is 1
(3) Given that v 9 x and x is
increasing at a increasing at a constant rate of 4 unit x
constant rate of 2 unit per per second, find the rate of change of increasing at a
second, find the rate of change of y when x = 0.5 unit. constant rate of 3 unit per second, find
y when x = 4 unit. the rate of change of v when x = 1
unit.
dx
2
dt
y 3x 2 2 x
dy
6x 2
dx
When x 4
dy
6( 4) 2
dx
22
dy dy dx

dt dx dt
( 22)(2)
44 unit s 1
 116

(4) The area of a circle of radius r cm
increases at a constant rate of 10
cm2 per second. Find the rate of
change of r when r = 2 cm.
( Use = 3.142 )
12 unit s 1
30 unit s 1
(5) The area of a circle of radius r cm (6) The volume of a sphere of radius r
increases at a constant rate of 16 cm 2 cm increases at a constant rate of 20
per second. Find the rate of change of cm3 per second. Find the rate of change
r when r = 3 cm. ( Use of r when r = 1 cm. ( Use = 3.142 )
= 3.142 )

Answer :
dA
10
dt
A r2
dA
2 r
dr
When r 2 cm
dA
2 ( 2)
dr
4
dA dA dr

dt dr dt
dr
10 4 1.591 cm s 1
dt 0.8487 cm s 1

dr
0.7957 cm s 1
dt
(7) The volume of water , V cm, in a
1 3
container is given by V h 8h,
3 of decrease of the area of the circle
where h cm is the height of the
water in the container. Water is
poured into the container at the rate
of 10 cm 3 s -1 . Find the rate of
change of the height of water, in
cm 3 s -1 , at the instant when its
(8) A spherical air bubble is formed at (9) If the radius of a circle is decreasing
the base of a pond. When the bubble at the rate of 0.2 cm s 1 , find the rate
moves to the surface of the water, it
expands. If the radius of the bubble is
when its radius is 3 cm.
expanding at the rate of 0.05 cm s 1 ,
find the rate at which the volume of the
bubble is increasing when its radius is
2 cm.
 117

height is 2 cm.

1.2 cm2 s 1
5
cm s 1 0.8 cm s 3 1
6
(10) The radius of a spherical (11) The edge of a cube is decreasing (12) Diagram 1 shows a conical
balloon increases at the rate of 0.5 at the rate of 3 cm s 1. Find the rate of container with a
cm s 1. Find the rate of change in the change in the volume when the diameter of 60 cm and height of 40
volume when the radius is 15 cm. volume is 64 cm3. cm. Water is
poured into the container at a constant
rate of
1 000 cm 3 s -1 .
60 cm

40 cm
Water

Diagram 1
Calculate the rate of change of the
radius of the water
level at the instant when the radius of
the water is 6 cm.
(Use = 3.142; volume of cone
1
r 2 h )
3
 118

450 cm3 s 1
144 cm3 s 1

6.631cm3 s 1
(13) Oil is poured into an inverted (14) 4 cm (15) V
right circular cone of base radius 6 4x
cm and height 18 cm at the rate of
cm
2 cm 3 s -1 . Find the rate of increase of
E H
the height of water level when the
water level is 6 cm high. ( Use = 20 cm
3.142 ) F G
h
cm D
C
The above figure shows an inverted 6x
cone with a A 6x cm
B
height of 20 cm and a base-radius of 4 The above diagram
cm shows a solid which
cm. Water is poured into the cone at consists
the rate of 5 cm s 1 but at the same of a cuboid with a square base of side
time, water is dripping out from the 6x cm,
cone due to a leakage a the rate of 1 surmounted by a pyramid of height 4x
cm s 1 . cm. The
volume of the cuboid is 5832 cm.
(a) If the height and volume of the
water at time t s are h cm and V cm (a) Show that the total surface area of
respectively, show that the solid,
1 3888
A cm, is given by A 96 x
2
V h 3 . .
75 x

(b) Find he rate of increase of the (b) If the value of x increasing at the
water level in rate
 119

the cone at the moment the water 0.08 cm s -1 , find the rate of
level is 12 cm. ( Use = 3.142 ) increase of the
total surface area of the solid at the
instant
x = 4.

0.1591 cm s 1

(b) 0.2210 cm s 1

42 m2 s 1
11. Problems of Small Changes and Approximations .

Small Approximate
Changes Value

(1) Given that y x 2 4 x , find the (2) Given the area of a rectangle , 4
(3) Given that y , calculate the
small A 3x 2 x ,
2
x5
change in y when x increases from where x is the width, find the small dy
2 to 2.01. value of if
change in the area when the width dx
decreases from 3 cm to 2.98 x = 2. Hence, estimate the values
cm. of
Answer : 4
2.03 5
Solution :
 120

y x 2 4x A 3x 2 2 x 4
dy y 5
4 x 5
2x 4 dA x
dx 6x 2
x 2 2.01
dx dy 20
x 3 2.98 20 x 6 6
x 2.01 2 dx x
0.01 x 3 2.98 dy 20 5
dy 0.02 When x 2, 6
2(2) 4 when x 2 dx x 16
dx
dA
8 6(3) 2 when x 3
dy
dx
y x (a ) y new y original y
dx 20
dy
y (8)(0.01) dA y original x
A x dx
y 0.08 dx
A (20)(0.02) 4 4 4
5 y , where y 5 and x 2 2.03
A 0.4 cm s 2 1 5
2.03 2 2
4 dy
5 x
2 dx
4 5
5 2.03 2
2 16
4 3

32 320
0.116525

(4) Given that y 2 x 2 x , find the (5) A cuboid with square base has a 27 dy
(6) Given y , find the value of
total surface area, A 3x 4 x , where
2
small x 3
dx
change in y when x decreases from x is the length of the side of the base. when x = 3. Hence, estimate the value
8 to 7.98. Find the small change in the total 27
of .
surface area when the length of the 3.033
side of the base decreases from 5 cm
to 4.99 cm.
 121

dy
dx 1 ; 0.97
0.26 cm2
0.62
dy (8) The volume, V cm3 , of a cuboid with 32 dy
(7) Given that y 4 x , find . rectangular base is given by (9) Given y , find . Hence,
dx x 4
dx
Hence, find the small change in y V x 3 2 x 2 3 x , where x cm is the 32
when x increases from 4 to 4.02. width of the base. Find the small estimate the value of .
change in the volume when the width
1.99 4
increases from 4 cm to 4.05 cm.

dy
2
; y 0.02
dx x dy
dx 128
x5
; 2.04

1.75 cm3
20 (11) A cube has side of 6 cm. If each 5
(10) Given that y , find the of the side of the cube decreases by (12) Given that y , find the value of
2 x x3
approximate change in x when y 0.1 cm, find the dy
increases from 40 to 40.5. approximate decrease in the total when x = 4.
surface area dx
Hence, estimate the value of
of the cube.
5
(a) (b)
4.02 3
5
3.99 3
 122

1
160

7.2 cm2
dy
dx 256
15
; (a) 0.07930 ; (b) 0.07871
SPM QUESTIONS PAPER 1 & 2

1. ( SPM 03 P1 Q15 ) 2. ( SPM 03 P1 Q16 )

Given that y = 4x ( 5 x ), calculate Given that y = x2 + 5x, use differentiation to find the small
a) the value of x when y is a maximum change in y when x increases from 3 to 3.01
b) the maximum value of y [ 3 marks ]
[ 3 marks ]
 123

( x = 5 /2 , y = 175/2 ) ( 0.11 )
3. ( SPM 04 P1 Q20 ) 4. ( SPM 04 P1 Q21 )
Differentiate 3x2 (2x 4)4 with respect to x. Two variables, x and y are related by the equation y = 3x +
[3 marks] 2
. Given that y increases at a constant rate of 4 units per
x
second, find the rate of change of x when x = 2.
[ 3 marks ]

( 8/5 )
[ 6x (6x 5 )(2x 5 ) 3
]
5. ( SPM 05 P1 Q19 ) 6. ( SPM 05 P1 Q20 )
1 The volume of water, V cm3, in a container is given by
Given that h( x) , evaluate h "(1) . [4
3x 5
2
1 3
V h 8h , where h cm is the height of the water in the
marks ] 3
container. Water is poured into the container at the rate of 10
cm3 s -1. Find the rate of change of water, in cm s-1, at the
instant when its height is 2 cm. [3
marks]

( 27/8 ) ( 0.8333 )
7. ( SPM 06 P1 Q17 ) 8. ( SPM 06 P1 Q18 )
The point P lies on the curve y = (x 5)2. It is given that the 2 7 dy
It is given that y u , where u = 3x 5. Find in
3 dx
 124

1 terms of x.
gradient of the normal at P is . Find the coordinates of
[ 3 marks ]
4
P. [ 3 marks ]

[ 14 (3x 5 )6 ]
[ P(7,4 ) ]
9. ( SPM 06 P1 Q19 ) 10. ( SPM 07, P1, Q19 )
Given that y = 3x2 + x 4 , dy
The curve y = f(x) is such that = 3kx + 5 , where k is a
dx
dy
(a) find the value of when x = 1, constant . The gradient of the curve at x = 2 is 9 . Find the
dx value of k [ 2 marks ]
(b) express the approximate change in y, when x changes
from 1 to 1 + p, where p if a small value.
[ 4 marks ]

[ 7 , 7p ]
[ k = 2/3 ]
11. ( SPM 07, P1, Q20 ) 12. ( SPM 08, P1, Q19 )
The curve y = x2 32x + 64 has a minimum point at x = p 16
Two variables, x and y, are related by the equation y .
, where p is a constant . Find the value of p. x2
[ 3 marks ] Express , in terms of h , the approximate change in y, when x
changes from 4 to 4 + h, where h is a small value.
[ 3 marks ]
 125

1
[p = 16 ] [ h ]
2
13. ( SPM 08, P1, Q20 ) 14. ( SPM 09, P1, Q19 )
The normal to the curve y = x2 5x at point P parallel to the dy
straight line y = -x + 12 . Find the equation of the normal The gradient function of a curve is = kx 6 , where k is
dx
to the curve at point P
a constant . It is given that the curve has a turning point at ( 2,
[ 3 marks ] 1 ) . Find

a) the value of k

[k=3 ]
[ y = -x 3 ]
15. ( SPM 09 , P1, Q20 ) 16. ( SPM 10 , P1, Q20 )
A block of ice in the form of a cube with sides x cm, melts Given y = 2x ( x 6 ) , find
at a rate of 9.72 cm3 per minutes. Find the rate of changes dy
of x at the instant when x = 12 a) ,
dx
[ 3 marks ] b) the value of x when y is minimum,
c) the minimum value of y
[ 3 marks ]

[ - 0.0225 ]
[ 4x 12, x = 3 , y = -18 ]
17. ( SPM 10 , P1, Q21 )
The volume of a sphere is increasing at a constant rate of
12.8 cm3s-1 . Find the radius of the sphere at the instant
when the radius is increasing at a rate of 0.2 cms -1.
4
[ Volume of sphere = r 3 [3
3
marks ]
 126

[r = 4 ]
SPM QUESTIONS PAPER 2

1. ( SPM 05, P2, Q2 ) 2. ( SPM 07, P2, Q4 )

A curve has a gradient function px2 4x, where p is a 2
A curve with gradient function 2 x has a turning point
constant . The tangent to the curve at the point ( 1 , 3 ) is x2
parallel to the straight line y + x 5 = 0. Find at ( k, 8 )

a) the value of p, [ a ) Find the value of k

3 marks ] [ 3 marks ]

b) Determine whether the turning point is a maximum or

minimum point.

[ 2 marks ]

[p = 3 ]

[k = 1 ,( 1,8 ) is min point ]

3. ( SPM 09, P2, Q3 ) 4. ( SPM 10, P2, Q8 )
The gradient function of a curve is hx2 kx , where h and k The curve y = x3 6x2 + 9x + 1 passes through the point A
are constant. The curve has a turning point at ( 3, -4 ) . The ( 2 , 3 ) and has two turning points, P(3,1) and Q. Find
gradient of the tangent to the curve at the point x = -1 is 8. a) the gradient of the curve at A
[ 3 marks ]
Find
b) the equation of the normal to the curve at A
 127

a) The value of h and of k [ 3 marks ]

[ 5 marks ] c) the coordinates of Q and determine whether Q is the
maximum or the minimum point.
[ 4 marks ]

[ h = 2 and k = 6 ]
SOLUTIONS OF TRIANGLES ( CHAPTER 10 F4 )

Use Sine Rule to find the unknown sides or angles of aTo find unknown sides :
triangle. To find unknown angles :

a b c sin A sin B sin C

sin A sin B sin C a b c

1. Find the unknown sides of a triangle when two of its angles and one of the corresponding sides are known.

(a) Diagram 1 shows the triangle (b) Diagram 2 shows the triangle PQR (c) Diagram 3 shows the triangle DEF.
ABC.
D

Diagram 1 15
cm
60 350
E 0 16 F
Diagram
Calculate the length
3 of DE.
Diagram
Calculate the length of PQ. 2

Calculate the length of BC.

 128

8.794 cm

12.32 10.00 cm
(d) Diagram 4 shows the triangle (e) Diagram 5 shows the triangle ABC. (f) Diagram 6 shows the triangle PQR
KLM.
L
K 0 420
63
Diagram 5

15
cm
Diagram
M 4

Calculate the length of KM.

Calculate the length of AC. Diagram 6
Calculate the length of PR.

[11.56 cm] [ 6.527 cm ]

[ 11.26 cm ]
D

2. Find the unknown sides of a triangle when two of its angles and the side not corresponding to the angles are known.
7.2
R
(a) Diagram 10 shows the triangle (b) Diagram
P 11
cm shows25the
0 triangle PQR. (c) Diagram 12 shows the triangle DEF.
0
ABC. 28

72 510
E 0 F
5.6
Diagram
Q cm
Diagram
11
 129

Calculate the length of PQ.

Calculate the length of DE.

Calculate the length of AC.

[ 3.810 cm ] [ 5.189 cm ]

[ 4.517 cm ]
3. Find the unknown angles of a triangle when two sides and a non-included angle are given.
(a) Diagram 1 shows the triangle (b) Diagram 2 shows the triangle KLM (c) Diagram 3 shows the triangle DEF.
ABC. 15 L
A D
K cm
10 3.5
15 12.5
cm 9 cm 500 cm
cm cm
60 Diagram 430
B 0
C M 2 E 24 F
Diagra Find KLM Diagram
m1 Find DFE. 3

Find ACB.

[ 27.360 ] [ 11.090 ]
A K 4.2 L
[ 35.27o] 14 cm
13 R
(d) Diagram
P 4 shows the triangle (e) Diagram 5 shows the
cmtriangle ABC. (f) Diagram 6 shows the triangle KLM.
PQR. cm
10 1100 B 2.8
13 cm Diagra Diagra 250
9 cm cm
00 C m6
Diagram m5
Q 4 M
 130

Find ABC.
Find QPR. Find KLM.

[ 32.84o] [ 138.640 ]
[ 36.11 ]
0

4. Find the unknown angles of a triangle when two sides and a non-included angle are given.
(a) Diagram 1 shows the triangle (b) Diagram 2 shows the triangle KLM (c) Diagram 3 shows the triangle DEF.
ABC. 9 cm D
A L
14 K
40
37
0
cm 0
8 cm
7 cm
B 420
Diagra M Diagram E
9 cm 11 F
C 2
m1 cm Diagram
Given that KLM is an obtuse angle,
Given that ACB is an obtuse angle, find Given that the value of EDF3 is greater
find the length of ML. than
the length of AC. 900, find the length of DE.
 131

[ 2.952 cm ] [ 5.040 cm ]
8.018 cm

(d) Diagram 4 shows the triangle (e) Diagram 5 shows the triangle KLM.
PQR.
8.5 R
P cm 460

6.9 K L
cm 23
Diagram 0

Q 4
17.3 9.2
Given that PQR is an angle in the cm is an angle in cm
Given that KLM the
Diagram
second second
5 M find
quadrant of the cartesian plane, find quadrant of the cartesian plane,
the the
length of QR. length of KL.
 132

[ 9.686 cm ]
[ 2.707 cm

b2 c2 a 2
cos A
Use Cosine Rule to find the unknown sides or angles of a triangle. 2bc

a2 c2 b2
cos B
2ac

a2 b2 c2
cos C
2ab

1. Find the unknown side of a triangle when twoRsides and an included angle are given.
(a) Diagram 1 shows the triangle (b) Diagram 2 shows the triangle PQR (c) Diagram 3 shows a triangle with
PQR such such that sides 5 cm , x
5 cm
that PR =12.3 cm , QR =16.4 PQx =7 cm, QR
5 =5 cm and PQR = 13 cm and an included angle 43 .
cm
cm and 75 . cm cm
PRQ = 67 . 75 5cm
0 Q 430
P 7 E
13
cm
Diagram cm
Diagram
 133

P
12.3
x
cm
cm
67
Q 0 R
16.4
cmDiagram
Find the value of x .
1
Find the value of x. Find the value of x.

[ 9.946 ]
[ x = 16.21 ] [ 7.475 ]
(d) Diagram 4 shows the triangle (e) Diagram 5 shows the triangle KLM. (f) Diagram 6 shows the triangle PQR.
PQR. 7 cm C
A 5.8
530 L R
K cm
48
6.3 0
2.23
cm 4
cm
Diagra cm 750
B m4 P Q
Diagram 31
5.40
M
5 Diagram
cm
6
Find the length of BC. Find the length of LM. Find the length of PR.

[ 5.967 cm ] [ 4.312 cm ] [ 5.302 cm ]

 134

2. Find the unknown angle of a triangle when three sides are given.
(a) In Diagram 1, ABC is a triangle (b) Diagram 2 shows a triangle ABC (c) Diagram 3 shows a triangle ABC
where where where
AB = 13 cm, AC = 14 cm and AB = 11 cm, AC = 13 cm and BC= AB = 13 cm, AC = 16 cm and BC =
BC= 15 cm. 16 cm. 17.5 cm.
A A A

13cm 14 cm 13 cm 16 cm
11cm 13cm

B C B C B C
15 cm 16 cm 17.5 cm
Diagram 1 Diagram 2 Diagram 3
Calculate BAC
Find BAC . Find BAC .

[ 67.38o ] [ 83.17] [ 73.41]

(d) Diagram 4 shows a triangle ABC (e) In Diagram 5, PQR is a triangle such (f) In Diagram 6, PQR is a triangle such
where that that
AB = 12.67 cm, AC = 16.78 cm PR = 6.45 cm, RQ = 2.23 cm and PR = 23.5 cm, RQ = 12.5 cm and
and PQ = 5.40 cm. PQ= 18.7 cm.
R R
BC= 19.97 cm.
A
6.45 cm 2.23 cm
12.67cm 16.78 cm 23.5 12.5
Q cm cm
P Q
B C 5.40 cm P
19.97 cm 18.7 cm
Diagram 5
Diagram 4
Diagram 6
Calculate BCA Find RQP .
Calculate the smallest angle in the
triangle.
 135

[108.07]
[39.17] [31.96]
(g) For triangle ABC in Diagram 7, AB (h) For triangle ABC in Diagram 8, AB
= 8.56 = 13
cm, AC = 11.23 cm and BC= cm, AC = 16 cm and BC= 17.5 cm.
14.51 cm.
A
A
13cm 16 cm
8.56cm 11.23cm

B C
B C 17.5 cm
14.5 1cm Diagram 8
Diagram 7 Calculate the second largest angle in
Calculate the largest angle in the the
triangle. triangle.

[61.19]
[93.33]
1 1 1
Use the formula ab sin C or its equivalent to find the area of Area of = ab sin C =
a triangle. bc sin A =
2 2 2

1. Find the area of a triangles given in each of the following.

(a) In Diagram 1, ABC is a triangle (b) In Diagram 2, ABC is a triangle with (c) In Diagram 3, ABC is a triangle with
with AC= 6 cm, BC = 5 cm and AC= 6 cm, BC = 8 cm and
AB= 6 cm, AC = 9 cm and ACB 78 . ACB 120 .
BAC 53 . B
8 cm
A
6 cm C
120
53
6 cm
9 cm B
A
Diagram
C 1 Diagram 3
 136

A
Find the area of ABC Find the area of ABC.

6 cm
[ 21.56 ] [ 20.78 cm2 ]
B 78
5 cm C
Diagram 2
Find the area of ABC.

[ 14.67 cm2 ]
(d) In Diagram 4, ABC is a triangle (e) In Diagram 5, ABC is a triangle such (f) In Diagram 6, ABC is a triangle such
with that that
AC= 6 cm, BC = 12.5 cm and the AB= 12.5 cm , AC = 6 cm and AB= 11 cm , AC = 15 cm and
reflex ACB=80. ACB=4534.
angle ACB 250 . C
B B A
80
12.5 cm 6 cm 11cm
12.5 cm 15 cm
C
250
A B
6 cm Diagram 5 4534'
Diagram 4 Find (a) CBA, C Diagram
A
(b) the area of the triangle. Find (a) CBA, 6
(b) the area of the triangle.
Find the area of ABC.

[ 35.24 cm2 [ 28.21o , 35.62 ] [ (a) 76.830 (b) 69.66 cm2 ]

(g) In Diagram 7, ABC is a triangle (h) In Diagram 8, ABC is a triangle (i) In Diagram 9, ABC is a triangle where
such that where AB= 30 cm, BC =25 cm and AC=20
AC = 7 cm, AB = 15 cm and AB= 15 cm, BC =11 cm and AC=8 cm.
ACB = 11530. cm.
 137

A 11 cm B C
15 cm C
25 cm
20 cm
7cm 11530' B 8cm
15 cm B
C 30 cm
A A
Diagram 7
Diagram 8 Diagram 9
Find (a) CBA,
Find (a) the smallest angle, Find (a) the largest angle,
(b) the area of the triangle
(b) the area of ABC. (b) the area of ABC.

H G

H G E
F
[ (a) 24.91 (b) 33.46 cm ]
0 2 [ 31.30o , 42.86 ]
E
F [ (a) 82.820 (b) 248.04 cm2

Solve problems involving three-dimensional objects

D C
D C
(1) (b)

A B A B
 138

The diagram above shows a cuboid with a rectangular base,

ABCD. Given that AB = 6cm, BC = 4cm and CG=3 cm.
Find BHC The diagram above shows a cuboid with a rectangular
base ABCD. Given that AB = 16 cm, BC = 4cm and CG=13
cm. Find BHC

H G
H G The diagram on the left shows a
cuboid with a rectangular base
E ABCD. Given that DG=6.1 cm,
F [ 30.81o ] F BG=7.2 cm and BGD =41.02. [10.98]
E D
(c) D (d) C
C

Find the length of BD.

A
A B B
 139

The diagram above shows a cuboid with a

rectangular base ABCD. Given that AB = 6
cm, BC = 4cm and CG = 3 cm.
Find BGD.

[74.44] [ 4.772 cm ]
Further Practice with questions based on SPM format.

(1) Diagram 1 shows a trapezium (2) In Diagram 2, BCD is a straight (3) In Diagram 3, FGH is a straight line
LMNO. line. and G is
the midpoint of FH.
 140

L 13 cm M A E

32o
16 cm 10 cm 14 cm 16 cm
7 cm
31o
O 18 cm N B C 5 cm D F 10 cm G H
Diagram 1 Diagram 2 Diagram 3

Calculate (a) LNM, Find (a) ACD, Find (a) EFG,

(b) the length of LN, (b) the length of BC, (b) the length of EG,
(c) the area of OLN. (c) the area of triangle ABD. (c) the area of triangle EGH.

[ (a) 52.620 (b) 11.23 cm (c) 52.62 cm2 ]

[ (a) 24.740 (b) 25.67 cm (c) 118.99 cm2 ] [ (a) 111.80 (b) 3.769 cm (c) 28.50 cm ]
0 2

(4) Diagram 4 shows a quadrilateral (5) In Diagram 5, QRS is a straight (6) In Diagram 6, BCD is a straight
KLNM. line. line.
 141

Diagram 4 Diagram 6
Diagram 5 Calculate (a) the length of AB,
Calculate (a) the length of LM, (b) CAD,
Find (a) QPR, (c) the area of triangle
(b) MNL,
(b) the length of RS, ACD.
(c) the area of
(c) the area of triangle PRS.
quadrilateral KLNM.

[ (a) 54.310 (b) 4.157 cm (c) 74.75 cm2 ]

[ (a) 6.678 cm (b)84.740 (c) 13.17 cm2 ]
[ (a) 12.92 cm (b) 31.730 (c) 141.65 cm2 ]

SPM QUESTIONS PAPER 2

 142

1. ( SPM 03 P2 Q15 ) 2. ( SPM 04 P2 Q13 )

Diagram below shows a tent VABC in the shape of a pyramid Diagram below shows a quadrilateral ABCD such that A BC is
with triangle ABC as the horizontal base. V is the vertex of acute.
the tent and the angle between the inclined plane VBC and
the base is 50o

(a)Calculate

(i) ABC

(ii) ADC

(iii) the area, in cm2, of quadrilateral

ABCD

(b) A triangle ABC has the same measurements as those

Given that VB =VC =2.2 m and AB =AC =2.6m, calculate given for triangle ABC, that is, AC=12.3 cm, CB=9.5cm and
B ' A 'C ' 40.5o , but which is different in shape to triangle ABC.
(a) the length of BC if the area of the base is 3 m 2.
[ 3 marks ] (i)sketch the triangle ABC

(b) the length of AV if the angle between AV and the base is (ii) State the size of A'B'C'
250. [3 marks] [2 marks]
(2.700, 3.149, 2.829 )
(c) the area of triangle VAB [4 marks]
 143

( 57.23, 106.07, 80.96, 122.77)

5. ( SPM 05 P2 Q12 ) 6. ( SPM 08 P2 Q9 )

Diagram below shows triangle ABC Diagram below shows a quadrilateral ABCD.

The area of triangle BCD is 13 cm2 and

(a) Calculate the length, in cm, of AC. [2 BCD is acute. Calculate
marks]
(a) BCD , [2
(b) A quadrilateral ABCD is now formed so that marks]
AC is a diagonal, ACD 40o and AD =16 cm.
Calculate the two possible values of ADC (b) the length, in cm, of BD, [2
[2 marks] marks]

( c) By using the acute A DC from (b) , calculate (c) ABD , [3

marks]
(i) the length , in cm, of CD
(ii) (ii) the area, in cm2, of the quadrilateral

[ 19.27, 50.73, 24.89, 290.1 ]

( 60.07, 5.573, 116.55 35.43 )
 144

5. ( SPM 07 P2 Q15 ) 6. ( SPM 08 P2 Q14 )

In the diagram below, ABC is a triangle. ADFB,AEC and BGC are
Diagram shows quadrilateral ABCD. straight lines. The straight line FG is perpendicular to BC.

(a) Calculate

(i) the length, in cm, of AC

(ii) ACB [4 marks]

(b) Point A lies on AC such that AB =AB.

(i) Sketch A ' BC

(ii) Calculate the area , in cm2 , of A ' BC [6

marks ]

It is given that BD = 19 cm, DA =16 cm, AE = 14 cm,

DAE 80 and FBG 45

(a) calculate the length, in cm, of

(i) DE
(ii) EC
[5 marks]
(b) The area of triangle DAE is twice the area of triangle
FBG,
Calculate the length , in cm, of BG
[4 marks]

(c) Sketch triangle ABC which has a different shape from

triangle ABC [ 1 mark]

( 13.36, 23.88 13.80)

(19.344, 16.213, 10.502)

 145

7. ( SPM 09, P2 , Q12 ) 8. ( SPM 10, P2 , Q13 )

Diagram below shows a trapezium KLMN. KN is parallel to Diagram below shows triangle ABC and triangle CDE where
LM and LMN is obtuse. BCE and ACD are straight lines.
N A

12.5 cm 25o
4 cm
6 cm 50o
80 o E
K C B
M
2.5 cm
5.6 cm
32o

L D
Find a)Calculate the length, in cm ,
a) the length, in cm of LN i) BC
[ 2 marks ] ii) DE
b) the length, in cm, of MN [5 marks ]
[ 3 marks ] b)Point C lies on BE such that AC = AC
c) LMN i) Sketch triangle ACB
[ 3 marks ] ii) Find ACB
d) The area , in cm2 , of triangle LMN iii) Calculate the area, in cm2, of triangle ACB
[ 2 marks ] [5 marks ]
 146

[ LN = 23.23 , MN = 21.761 , <LMN =

98o12, area LMN = 60.308 ]
 147

NUMBER INDEXS ( CHAPTER 11 F4 )

1. Calculate Index number

a) The student population of
school A increased from
768 students in year 1999
to 960 students in year
2002. Calculate the index
number to show the change
in the student population in
year 2002 based on year
1999.
b) The student population of c)Company A sold 504 units d)Company B sold 910
a school B decreased from of a certain model of DVD units of a certain model of
800 students in year 2000 player in year 2001. It only television in year 2002. It
to 720 students in year managed to sell 441 units in managed to sell 1021 units
2002. Calculate the index year 2003. Calculate the in year 2003. Calculate the
number to show the change index number in year 2003 index number in year 2003
in the student population in based on year 2001. based on year 2002.
year 2002 based on year
2000.

[87.50] [112.2]
[125] [90]

2. Calculate Index number

i) Given ii) Given iii) The price of a plate of fried
Price of a semi Year Cost of cell Year noodles in the year 1998 and the year
auto washing phone 2005 are RM2.40 and RM3.00
machine RM 5010 1992 respectively. Calculate the price index
RM480 2002 RM 1550 2005 for a plate of fried noodles in the year
RM560 2003 Calculate the price index for the year 1998 based on the year 2005.
Calculate the price index for the year a) 2005 based on year 1992
a) 2003 based on year 2002 b) 1992 based on year 2005
b) 2002 based on year 2003 Round off your answer to the nearest
Round off your answer to the nearest integer.
integer.
 148

[117, 86] [80]

[31,323]

iv) A particular pen cost RM0.80 in v) Given vi) Given

the year 1997 and RM0.90 in the Price Price
year 1999. Calculate the price index Item Price Price index Item Price in Price in index
of the pen in the year 1999 based on in in in 2000 2005 in
year 1997. 1990 1995 1995 2005
based based
on on
1990 2000
P RM2.0 RM2.5 x R RM15. RM16.5 x
0 0 00 0
Q RM6.0 RM9.0 y S RM24. RM30.0 y
0 0 00 0.
Find the value of x and y Find the value of x and y

[112.5]

[ 125, 150] [ 110 , 125]

vii) Given viii) The diagram below shows the price ix) The diagram below shows the price
Price indices of three types of house. indices of three types of fruit.
Price per index Year 1995 2000 2000 1996 2003 2003
kg for the house (1990=1 (1990=1 (1995=1 Year (1992=1 (1992=1 (1996=1
00) 00) 00) 00) 00) 00)
Ingredie (RM) year Terrace 160 240 p
house
nts 2004 Bungalow q 180 200 Banana 125 150 p
Yea Year based Apartmen 175 r 140 Rambut q 150 120
r 200 on the t an
200 4 year Find the value of p, q and r. Durian 110 r 135
1 2001 Find the value of p, q and r.
P 0.8 1.05 x
0
Q 0.4 0.70 y
5
Find the value of x and y

[131.3, 155.6]
3. Find Q0 or Q1 given relevant
a)The price of a plate of fried noodles
in year 2005 was RM3.00 The price
index for a plate of fried noodles in the
year 1998 based on the year 2005
was 80. Calculate the price of the
fried noodle in year 1998..
[RM2.40]
d)Hanims total salary in the year
1996 is RM12200. The price index for
Hanims total salary is 134 in the year
2000 based on the year 1996.
Calculate Hanims total salary in the
year 2000.
[150, 90, 245]
information
b)A particular pen cost RM0.80 in the
year 1997 and the price index of the pen
in the year 1999 based on year 1997 was
112.5. Calculate the price for that
particular pen in year 1999.
[RM0.90]
e)The price for 1 kg of salt in the year
2002 was RM1.20. The price index of 1
kg of salt in the year 2002 using year
2001 as the base year was 150.
Calculate the price of 1 kg of salt in the
year 2001.
149
[120, 125, 148.5]
c) The average monthly phone bill for
a school in the year 2000 was
RM60.00. The price index of the phone
bill was 125 in the year 2004, using
year 2000 as the base year. Calculate
the average monthly phone bill for the
school in the year 2004.
[RM75]
f)A companys profits from online sales
in the year 2002 were RM1.8 million.
The price index of the profit from
online sales through internet for the
company in year 2002 based on year
2001 is 120. Calculate the profits from
online sales in the year 2001.
 150

[RM16,348] [RM1.5 million]

[RM0.80]

g)The price indices of an item in year
1987 and 1999 based on year 1996
were 105 and 120 respectively. If the
price of the same item in year 1999
was RM50.40, find the price of the
item in year 1987.
h)The price index for a scientific
calculator in the year 1998 and the year
2000 are 130 and 145 respectively when
the year 1985 is used as the base year.
Find the price of the scientific calculator
in the year 1998 if the price in the year
2000 is RM58.00

[RM44.10] [RM52]

4. Calculate composite index

a)The table below shows the index b)The table below shows the index c)The table below shows the price
numbers and the weightages of three numbers and the weightages of three indices of four types of food items in
items. Calculate the composite index items. Calculate the composite index of year 2000 based on year 1995,
of all the items. all the items. together with their respective
Item A B C Item A B C weightages.
Index 105 120 116 Index 117 105 120 Food Item Price Index weightag
number number e
weighta 4 1 5 weighta 3 1 2 Meat 120 8
ge ge Rice 110 7
Milk 130 2
vegetable 90 3
Calculate the composite index of all
the food items in year 2000 based on
 151

year 1995.

[112] [116]
[113]
d)The table below shows the price e)The table shows the price indices and f)The table shows the price indices and
indices of four types of magazines in percentage of usage of four items, P,Q, R percentage of usage of four items,
year 2002 based on year 2000, and S, which are the main ingredients in P,Q, R and S, which are the main
together with their respective the production of a type of biscuit ingredients in the production of a type
weightages. Item Price Index Percentage of of pie.
Magazine Price Index weightag in year usage (%) Item Price Percentage of
e 2002 Index in usage (%)
EDGE 115 3 based on year 2004
DIGEST 105 6 year 1999 based on
TRADING 85 7 P 115 20 year 2000
WOMEN 180 4 Q 125 40 P 80 20
Calculate the composite index of all R 120 10 Q 120 30
the magazines in year 2002 based on S 85 30 R 110 10
year 2000. Calculate the composite index of all the S 85 40
items in year 2002 based on year 1999. Calculate the composite index of all
the items in year 2004 based on year
2000.

[110.5]

[114.5] [97]

5. Finding index number or weightage given relevant information

a)The table below shows the price b)The table below shows the price c)The table below shows the price
index and the weightages of three indices and the weightage of four types index and the weightages of three
types of item in the year 1997 using of food for the year 2000 using 1995 as types of item in the year 2001 using
 152

1993 as the based year. the base year. 1999 as the based year.
Item Price Weightag Food Price Weightag Item Price Weightag
index e index e index e
P 105 x chicken 123 7 W a 3
Q 120 1 fish 115 p X 90 2
R 116 5 Beef 138 5 Y 110 5
The composite index of all the items in prawn 148 3 The composite index of all the items in
year 1997 based on year 1993 was The composite index of the four types of year 2001 based on year 1999 was
112. Find the value of x. food for the year 2000 based on year 133. Find the value of a.
1995 was 128.5.
Calculate the value for p

[4] [200]
[5]
d)The table below shows the price e)The table shows the price indices and f)The table shows the price indices and
indices of four types of bag sold by a percentage of usage of four items, P,Q, R percentage of usage of four items,
trader for the year 1998 using 1995 as and S, which are the main ingredients in P,Q, R and S, which are the main
the base year. the production of a type of biscuit ingredients in the production of a type
Bag Price Monthly Item Price Index Percentage of of pie. The composite index of all the
index expenditure in in year usage (%) items in year 2004 based on year
year 1998(RM) 2002 2000 was 97
A x 3000 based on Item Price Percentage of
B 122 4000 year 1999 Index in usage (%)
C 119 5000 P 115 20 year 2004
D 110 2000 Q 125 p based on
The composite index of the four types R x 10 year 2000
of bag for the year 1998 based on S 85 30 P 80 20
year 1995 was 113. The composite index of all the items in Q 120 30
Calculate the value for x year 2002 based on year 1999 was R 110 x
110.5. S y 40
Find the value of p and x. Calculate the value for x and y .
 153

[95] [40, 120] [ 10, 85]

6. Solve problems involving index number and composite index

a. Table below shows the prices, price indices and the b. Table below shows the prices and the price indices for the
weightage four
for Mr. Loos various expenditures. ingredients, P,Q,R and S, used in making biscuits of a particular
kind.
expenditu Price Price Weightage
re 200 200 index for
0 3 the year Price per kg Price index for the
2003 Ingredie (RM) year 2004 based on
based on nts the year 2001
the year Year Year
2000 2001 2004
Food 900 108 121 10 P 0.80 1.00 x
9 Q 2.00 y 140
Transport x 480 120 5 R 0.40 0.60 150
Clothing 300 336 z 4 S z 0.40 80
Utility 600 y 117 6
Rental 250 275 110 3 Diagram below show a pie chart which represents the relative
amount
Find of the ingredients P,Q,R and S, used in making these biscuits.
a) the value for x, y and z
b) the composite index for the year 2003 using year 2000
 154

as the
based year.
c) Mr. Loos monthly expenditure in year 2003 was
RM4200.00.
Find his corresponding monthly expenditure in the year
2000.

Find the value of x, y and z.

(i) Calculate the composite index for the cost of making these
biscuits
in the year 2004 based on the year 2001.
(ii) hence, calculate the corresponding cost of making these
biscuits
in the year 2001 if the cost in the year 2004 was RM2985.

Answer :[RM400, RM702, 112. 117.5 RM3574.47]

Answer (a) 125, 2.80, 0.50 (b) 129.44, RM2306.09

3. Table below shows the price indices and percentage of

usage of four items, P,Q, R and S, which are the main
ingredients in the production of a type of biscuit.
Ite Price index for the Percentage of
m year 1995 usage (%)
Based on the year
1993
P 135 40
Q x 30
R 105 10
S 130 20
Calculate
a) the price of S in year 1993 if its price in the year
1995 is RM37.70.
b) the price index of P in the year 1995 based on the
year 1991 if its
 155

price index in the year 1993 based on the year 1991

is 120.
c) The composite index number of the lost of biscuit
production
for the year 1995 based on the year 1993 is 128,
Calculate
i) the value of x
ii) the price of a box of biscuit in the year 1993 if
the corresponding
price in the year 1995 is RM32.00

Answer (a) RM29.00, 162, (b) 125, RM25.00

SPM QUESTIONS PAPER 2

 156

1. ( SPM 03 P2 Q13 )
Diagram below is a bar chart indicating the weekly cost
of the items P,Q,R ,S and T for the year 1990. Table
below shows the prices indices for the items.

Items Price in Price in Price index in

1990 1995 1995 based
on 1990

P x RM 0.70 175

Q RM2.00 RM2.50 125

R RM4.00 RM5.50 y

S RM6.00 RM9.00 150

T RM2.50 Z 120

(a) Find the value of

(i) x (ii) y (iii) z
[3 marks]
(b) Calculate the composite index for the items in the year 1995 based on
the year 1990.
[2 marks]
(c) The total monthly cost of the items in the year 1990 is RM456. Calculate
the corresponding total monthly cost for the year 1995.
[2 marks]
(d) The cost of the items increases by 20% from the year 1995 to the year
2000. Find the composite index for the year 2000 based on the year 1990.
[3marks]

Answer:RM0.40, 137.5,RM3.00, 140.9 RM642.5

 157

2. ( SPM 04 P2 Q12 ) 3. ( SPM 05 P2 Q13 )

Table below shows the price indices and the percentage Table below shows the prices and the price indices for the four ingredients,
of usage of four items, P,Q, R and S, which are the main P,Q, R and S, used in making biscuits of a particular kind.
ingredients in the production of a type of biscuit. Price per kg (RM) Price index for
Items Price index Percentage Ingredient the year 2004
for the year of usage s based on the
Year 2001 Year 2004
1995 based year 2001
on the year (%)
1993 P 0.80 1.00 x

P 135 40 Q 2.00 y 140

Q x 30 R 0.40 0.60 150

R 105 10 S z 0.40 80

S 130 20 Diagram below show a pie chart which represents the relative amount of the
ingredients P,Q,R and S, used in making these biscuits.
(a)Calculate
(i) the price of S in the year 1993 if its price
in the year 1995 is RM 37.70
(ii) the price index of P in the year 1995
based on the year 1991 if its price index
in the year 1993 based on the year 1991
is 120. [5 marks]

(b)The composite index number of the lost of biscuit (a) Find the value of x, y and z.
production for the year 1995 based on the year (b) (i) Calculate the composite index for the cost of making these
1993 is 128. Calculate biscuits in the year 2004 based on the year 2001.
(i) the value of x, (ii) hence, calculate the corresponding cost of making these biscuits in
(ii) the price of a box of biscuit in the year the year 2001 if the cost in the year 2004 was RM2985.
1993 if the corresponding price in the
year 1995 is RM32.
[5 marks]

Answer (a) 125, 2.80, 0.50 (b) 129.44, RM2306.09

 158

Answers: RM29, 162, 125, RM25

4. ( SPM 06 P2 Q15 )
A particular kind of cake is made by using four
ingredients, P,Q, R and S. Table below shows the prices
of the ingredients.
Ingredient Price per kilogram (RM)

Year 2004 Year 2005

P 5.00 w

Q 2.50 4.00

R x y

S 4.00 4.40

(a) The index number of ingredient P in the year 2005

based on the year 2004 is 120. Calculate the value of w.
[ 2 marks]
(b)The index number of ingredient R in the year
2005 based on the year 2004 is 125. The price
per kilogram of ingredient R in the year 2005 is
RM2.00 more than its corresponding price in
the year 2004. Calculate the value of x and of y.
[3 marks]
(c) The composite index for the cost of making the
cake in the year 2005 based on the year 2004 is
127.5
Calculate
(i) the price of a cake in the year 2004 if its
corresponding price in the year 2005 is RM
30.60
(ii) the value of m if the quantities of
ingredients P,Q,R and S used in the ratio of
7: 3: m : 2 [5 marks]
 159

Answers: 6, 8, 10, RM24, 4

5. ( SPM 07 P2 Q13 )
Table below shows the prices and the price indices of (a) Find the value of x and of y
five components, P,Q,R,S and T. used to produce a kind
[3marks]
of toy.
compone Price (RM) for the year Price index (b) Calculate the composite index for the production cost
nt for the year
2004 2006 2006 based of the toys in the year 2006 based on the year 2004
on the year
2004 [3marks]

P 1.20 1.50 125 (c) The price of each component increases by 20% from
the year 2006 to the year 2008. Given that production
Q x 2.20 110 cost of one toy in the year 2004 is RM55, calculate the
corresponding cost in the year 2008
R 4.00 6.00 150
[4marks]
S 3.00 2.70 y

T 2.00 2.80 140

Diagram below shows a pie chart which represents the

relative quantity of components used.
 160

Answer : 2.00, 90, 123.5 148.20, RM81.51

(a) Find the value of h and of k.
6. ( SPM 08 P2 Q13 )
Table below shows the prices and the price indices of four [3 marks]
ingredients, fish, flour, salt and sugar, used to make a type of
fish cracker. (b) Calculate the composite index for the cost of making
these crackers in the year 2005 based on the year 2004.
Ingredients Price (RM) per kg for the Price index [3 marks]
year for the year
(c) The composite index for the cost of making these
2005 based
2004 2005 crackers increases by 50% from the year 2005 in the
on the year
year 2009.
2004

Fish 3.00 4.50 150 Calculate

Flour 1.50 1.80 h (i) the composite index for the cost of making
these crackers in the year 2009 based the year
Salt k 0.90 112.5 2004
(ii) the price of a box of these crackers in the year
Sugar 1.40 1.47 105 2009 if its corresponding price in the year 2004
is RM25 [4 marks]
 161

7. ( SPM 09 P2 Q13 ) 8. ( SPM 10 P2 Q15 )

Table below shows the prices , the price indices and Table below shows the price indices for three items, P, Q and
weightages for four types of stationery P, Q, R and S. R used in the production of a type of bag.
Items Price index Price index
Stationer Price (RM)per unit Price index Weightage for the year for the year
y for the year 2006 based 2008 based
2008 based on the year on the year
on the year 2004 2004
2007
P 125 150
2007 2008
Q 116 x
P 2.8 2.1 X 4
R y 120
Q 4.00 4.80 120 2
(a) Find the price index of item P in the year 2008 based
R 2.00 Y 13 3 on the year 2006
[2 marks]
S z 5.8 116 m
(b) The price of item Q in the year 2004 is RM 7.50 and its
price in the year 2008 is RM 10.50. Find
a) Find the value of (i) the value of x,
i) x
 162

ii) y (ii) the price of a item Q in the year 2006

iii)z [3 marks]
[ 3 marks ] (c) The composite index for the production cost of the bag
b) The composite index for the price of stationery in the in year 2006 based on the year 2004 is 118.5. The
year 2008 based on the year 2007 is 108.4. Calculate cost of the items P, q and R used are in the ratio 2 : 1 :
the value of m. [ 3 marks ] 3. Find the value of y. [3 marks ]
c) The total expenditure for the stationery in the year 2007 (d) Given the price of the bag in the year 2006 is RM
is RM 525. Calculate the corresponding total expenditure 47.40, find the corresponding price of the bag in the
in the year 2008. year 2004. [ 2 marks ]
d) The price index for Q in the year 2009 based on the year
2007 is 132. Calculate the price index for Q in the year
2009 based on the year 2008.
[ 2 marks ]

[ x = 75, y = 2.6, z = 5.00 , Answers: RM29, 162, 125, RM25

b) m = 6 , c) RM 569.10 d) 110]