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6, 2007
AbstractA dual-polarized shorted bowtie antenna integrated In this paper, a dual-polarized bowtie patch antenna with elec-
with a cross dipole is presented. The electric cross dipole is added tric dipoles is demonstrated. The design is based on a previously
to generate a symmetric radiation pattern and to compensate the proposed single-fed shorted bowtie antenna with dipole [9]. The
high back radiation due to the shorted patches. This novel dual-po-
operating principle is that an equivalent magnetic dipole due to
larized antenna is designed for the existing DCS, PCS, and 3G mo-
bile communication systems working between 1.71 and 2.17 GHz. the shorted bowtie patch and an electric dipole are excited to-
Stable and symmetric radiation patterns at slanted 45 polariza- gether. Applying this combination to the dual-polarized patch
tion have been obtained over the operating frequency bands. Mea- design, the antenna produces equal 45 and 45 radiation
sured isolation between the two input ports is over 28 dB. The gain patterns with low back-radiation. Different from the conven-
of the proposed antenna is also stable with frequency. The average tional dual-polarized microstrip patch antennas with aperture
is about 6.6 dBi. coupled feeds, each feed of the proposed dual-polarized antenna
Index TermsBowtie patch, dipole, dual polarization, mi- consists of a folded air microstrip line located underneath the
crostrip antenna. shorted patch [8], which excites the gap of the bowtie antenna
to achieve a wide bandwidth. Simulation and measurement re-
sults are obtained to verify the performance of this novel design.
I. INTRODUCTION
II. ANTENNA DESCRIPTION AND DESIGN GEOMETRY
N recent wireless communication systems, dual-polarized
I antennas commonly have been applied to enhance the signal
reception quality. Compared with space diversity, the polariza-
A. Geometry
tion diversity technique is able to reduce the number and size of The geometry of the dual-polarized antenna with detailed di-
antenna systems in base station. Several studies on investigating mensions is shown in Fig. 1. The configuration of the antenna is
basically divided into two layers. In the lower layer, two shorted
the dual-polarized microstrip antennas can be found in the liter-
bowtie patches, located symmetrically with respect to the center,
ature [1][7].
are mounted on a square grounded plane of size 150 150 mm .
The dual-polarized patch antenna can be realized by a pair
Each bowtie is composed of two isosceles triangular patches
of coupled microstrip lines through two orthogonal slots [1]. with shorting walls and is placed 0.1 corresponding to
However, the antenna is not able to achieve wide bandwidth the lowest operating frequency) above the grounded plane. The
and high isolation between the two input ports of the antenna. two triangular patches are separated by a small gap mm.
Applying etched patches in the cross-shaped element of the an- As for the feeding structure, the antenna is excited by two
tenna [2] proposed by Habib et al. could improve the isolation bended air microstrip feed lines that are located inside the
between the input ports, but the bandwidth is still narrow. An- shorted bowtie patches orthogonally. The feed lines are sepa-
other approach is using a center-crossed slot to couple a square rated from the patches by mm. One side of the microstrip
patch [3]. This method could achieve a good isolation and wide line is connected to a SMA (SubMiniature version A) connector
bandwidth; nevertheless, it requires an air bridge for a crossover beneath the ground and the other side is joined to the edge of
in the balanced feed lines that may cause construction diffi- the opposite triangular patch. The characteristic impedances
culties. Several other dual-polarized antennas have also been of the two portions of feed lines are 50 (with dimensions
suggested [4][6]. These antennas [4], [5] with aperture-cou- of mm, mm) and 100 (with dimensions of
pled feed would generate high back-radiation, and they result mm, mm). The 100 portion transforms the
in drawbacks of low gain and low front-to-back ratio. Although high input impedance into 50 . Basically, the dimensions of
using additional grounded box as proposed in [7] can minimize the two orthogonal air microstrip lines are almost the same,
the back-radiation of the dual-polarized patch antennas with the except a bended portion for Port 2 (indicated in Fig. 1). It is
aperture coupled feed, the configuration of the antenna still in- bended 1 mm downward to prevent from overlapping with
volves several layers and results in a complex structure. that for Port 1. The short-circuited tuning stubs with length of
mm, attached to the feed lines, are for achieving better
impedance matching. Under this arrangement, the lower part of
Manuscript received October 26, 2006; revised February 6, 2007. This work the antenna will radiate as a bowtie slot antenna. Port 1 is for
was supported by the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Ad- the 45 polarization and Port 2 is for 45 polarization.
ministration Region, China under Project CityU 118306. In the upper layer of the antenna, it is made up of four trape-
The authors are with the Department of Electronic Engineering,
City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China (e-mail:
zoidal patches and four cylindrical wires. Each wire is used
50386324@student.cityu.edu.hk). to support a trapezoidal patch above a shorted triangular patch
Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/LAWP.2007.893106 (with dimensions of mm, mm,
1536-1225/$25.00 2007 IEEE
MAK et al.: A SHORTED BOWTIE PATCH ANTENNA WITH A CROSS DIPOLE FOR DUAL POLARIZATION 127
TABLE I
MEASURED AND SIMULATED 3 DB BEAMWIDTH AND FRONT-TO-BACK RATIO
AT 1.71, 1.8, 1.95, 2.17 GHZ
Fig. 5. Gain of the antenna with triangular/rectangular electric dipole and with
various radii (r ) of cylindrical wire.
retain a stable measured gain of about 6.6 dBi over a wide fre- [4] M. Edimo, A. Sharaiha, and C. Terret, Optimized feeding or dual po-
quency band between 1.71 G and 2.17 GHz. larized broadband aperture-coupled printed antenna, Electron. Lett.,
vol. 28, pp. 17851787, 1992.
[5] M. Yamazaki, E. T. Rahardjo, and M. Haneishi, Construction of a slot
coupled planar antenna for dual polarization, Electron. Lett., vol. 30,
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[6] T. W. Chiou and K. L. Wong, Broadband dual-polarized single mi-
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