Uninterruptible Power

Supply

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Pengenalan

Peralatan elektronik yang membekalkan

bekalan elektrik berterusan untuk
jangkamasa tertentu apabla breakdown
utiliti atau apabila sistem bekalan berubah
dari kadaran yang ditetapkan.

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Common Power Problems

Voltage Surges and Spikes

Surges : Sudden increases in electrical current through the
line and triggered by heavy equipment being turned off or by
utility switching
Spikes :Increase in voltage through the line for a very short
period of time

Brownout or Voltage Sags

A reduction in the incoming electrical current

Blackouts or Power Failure

Complete loss of power

Frequency Variations
Change in frequency stability

Line Noise
Signals that are embedded or overlaid onto incoming power
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 Komponan Asas UPS

Battery,
AC-DC charger,
DC-AC inverter.
Transfer Switch;

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Blok Asas UPS

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UPS Battery Charger - Open Frame

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Sealed Lead Acid UPS Battery

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UPS battery racks

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UPS

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Standard sistem UPS adalah IEC 62040-3,
yang mendefinisikan had-had amplitud
dan tempoh bagi sisihan bagi voltan
output.

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Jenis UPS

Standby
Line Interactive
Standby-Ferro
Double Conversion On-Line
Delta Conversion On-Line

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Standby UPS

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 Standby UPS

Bekalan normal - transfer switch set kepada filtered AC

input;

Bekalan failure transfer switch beroperasi kepada

bateri/inverter untuk backup bekalan;

Inverter hanya beroperasi ketika bekalan failure;

Penggunaan komputer peribadi

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Line Interactive UPS

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 Line Interactive UPS

Sambungan bateri dan bekalan ac sentiasa tersambung

kepada bahagian keluaran UPS;

Operasi inverter songsang untuk mengecas bateri semasa

bekalan normal;

Power failure : transfer switch terbuka dan bekalan kuasa

keluaran daripada bateri;

Pengunaan industri kecil, servers;

Power range : 0.5 5kVA

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Standby-Ferro UPS

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 Standby-Ferro UPS

Bekalan utama :ac input melalui transfer switch,

saturation transformer;
Power failure : transfer switch terbuka dan inverter
pick up bekalan UPS;
Inverter berkeadaan standby mode dan energised
apabila bekalan failure dan transfer switch terbuka;
Transformer mempunyai ferro resonant capability
menghasilkan voltage regulation dan output shaping
waveform;

Power range : 3 15kVA

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Double Conversion On-Line UPS

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 Double Conversion On-Line UPS

Bekalan keluaran ups dari punca bekalan masuk dan

inverter;

Kapasiti melebihi 10 kVA

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Delta Conversion On-Line UPS

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 Delta Conversion On-Line UPS

Sama dengan Double Conversion On-Line UPS;

Tambahan Delta Conversion menyumbang penjimatan

tenaga;

Dua tujuan :
Mengawal input power characterestic : sinisudial manner,
minimizing harmonics.
Mengawal input current untuk regulate charging bateri;

Power Range : 5kVA 1.6MW

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Summary of UPS types

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Three Phase UPS Circuit

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 Power Rating

Typical maximum power rating in watts of

such devices is only 60% of their VA
nameplate rating.
Such default ratio between watts and VA in
low-power UPS is based on old non-PFC
computer power supplies that had power
factor between 0.55 and 0.75.
When you select the size of UPS, be sure the
net wattage of your loads is less then 60%
of the UPS VA rating.
For example, if your system consumes
300W, you need 300/0.6=500 VA UPS.

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 UPS Cofiguration

Capacity (N)
Isolated Redundant
Parellel Redundant (N+1)
Distributed Redundant
System Plus System (2N, 2N+1)

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 Capacity or N System

Advantages
N system : Conceptually
mengandungi simple, and cost
single modul UPS effective
atau modul set hardware
selari dimana configuration
kapasiti Optimal
bersesuaian dengan efficiency of the
beban kritikal; UPS, because the
UPS is used to full
Power range : capacity
under 100kW Provides
availability over
that of the utility
power
Expandable if
the power
requirement
grows
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Isolated Redundant

Advantages
Flexible product choice,
products can be mixed
with any make or model
Provides UPS fault
tolerance
No synchronizing
needed
Relatively cost effective
for a two-module system

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Parallel Redundant or N+1 System

Advantages
Higher level of availability
than capacity configurations
because of the extra capacity
that can
be utilized if one of the UPS
modules breaks down
Lower probability of failure
compared to isolated redundant
because there are less breakers
and because modules are online
all the time (no step loads)
Expandable if the power
requirement grows. It is
possible to configure multiple
units in the
same installation
The hardware arrangement is
conceptually simple, and cost
effective

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N + 1 Configurations

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Distributed redundant UPS configuration

Advantages
Allows for concurrent
maintenance of all components
if all loads are dual-corded
Cost savings versus a 2(N+1)
design due to fewer UPS
modules
Two separate power paths
from any given dual-corded
loads perspective provide
redundancy from the service
entrance
UPS modules, switchgear, and
other distribution equipment
can be maintained without
transferring the load to bypass
mode, which would expose the
load to unconditioned power.
Many distributed redundant
designs do not have a
maintenance bypass circuit.

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System plus System Redundant

Advantages
Two separate power paths
allows for no single points of
failure; Very fault tolerant
The configuration offers
complete redundancy from the
service entrance all the way to
the
critical loads
In 2(N+1) designs, UPS
redundancy still exists, even
during concurrent
maintenance
UPS modules, switchgear,
and other distribution
equipment can be maintained
without
transferring the load to bypass
mode, which would expose the
load to unconditioned power
Easier to keep systems
evenly loaded and know which
systems are feeding which
loads.
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Terima Kasih

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