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Sistema de produccin global 1
P. Armario, J. Segura, C. Sierra, E. Vinyoles y J. Alonso
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Sabemos tomar correctamente la presin arterial? 7
M.C. Castieira, C. Gonzlez, M.T. Ros, J.R. Moliner, J. Crespo
y M. Domnguez
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Situaciones urgentes en hipertensin arterial 20
J. Sobrino Martnez y R. Hernndez del Rey
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Depresin ansiosa como causa de hipertensin arterial de difcil
control con el tratamiento antihipertensivo convencional 41
M. Heras Benito, R. Snchez Hernndez, M.J. Fernndez Reyes, A. Molina
y F. lvarez-Ude
www.elsevier.es/hipertension Resmenes
In memoriam
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REVISIN
1889-1837/$ - see front matter 2008 SEHLELHA. Publicado por Elsevier Espaa, S.L. Todos los derechos reservados
Documento descargado de http://www.elsevier.es el 01/03/2017. Copia para uso personal, se prohbe la transmisin de este documento por cualquier medio o formato.
KEYWORDS New perspectives in the treatment of the diabetic patient. ADVANCE Study
Diabetes mellitus;
Cardiovascular Abstract
diseases; Objectives: the ADVANCE study was designed to determine the effect of a routine
Blood pressure; reduction in blood pressure in major vascular events, as evaluation criteria, in high-risk
Safety; individuals with type 2 diabetes, independently of initial blood pressure and of the use
Efcacy; of other antihypertensive drugs, including ACE inhibitors.
ADVANCE; Methods: a random distribution of 11,140 high-risk individuals with type 2 diabetes was
Perindopril; made between a xed combination of perindopril-indapamide and the corresponding
Indapamide placebo, without interrupting the already established treatment of the patients. The two
primary evaluation criteria were combination of macrovascular events and major
microvascular events.
Results: the reduction of blood pressure in the participants assigned to the active
treatment was 5.6/2.2 mmHg greater than that observed in the placebo group. Active
treatment reduced the risk of a major macrovascular or microvascular event by 9% (p =
0.041) and give rise to a reduction of 14% (p = 0.025) in all-cause mortality and a reduction
of 18% (p = 0.027) in cardiovascular caused mortality. Reductions of 14% (p = 0.02) was
obtained in total coronary events and 21% (p < 0.0001) in total renal events. Treatment
was well tolerated during an average follow-up of 4.3 years.
Conclusions: a routine treatment with a xed combination of perindopril and indapamide
decreased the risks of death and major vascular events, independently of the grade of
initial blood pressure and of the concomitant treatments received. The results indicate
that one death every 5 years would be avoided for each 79 patients treated in this way.
2008 SEHLELHA. Published by Elsevier Espaa, S.L. All rights reserved.
82 S. Harrap et al
deben ser ms estrictos (< 130/80 mmHg) que en las pobla- 2. Roglic G, Unwin N, Bennett PH, Mathers C, Tuomilehto J, Nag
ciones con menor riesgo (< 140/90 mmHg)14-16. S, et al. The Burden of Mortality Attributable to Diabetes: Rea-
listic estimates for the year 2000. Diabetes Care. 2005;28:2130-
Los benecios observados en ADVANCE refuerzan de for-
5.
ma imperiosa la necesidad de una estrategia muy diferente, 3. Hypertension in Diabetes Study Group. Hypertension in Diabe-
basada en agregar un sencillo comprimido con una combi- tes Study (HDS): I. Prevalence of hypertension in newly presen-
nacin ja de perindopril-indapamida6 a los dems trata- ting type 2 diabetic patients and the association with risk fac-
mientos, independientemente de la presin arterial y de tors for cardiovascular and diabetic complications. J Hypertens
otras caractersticas iniciales. El elevado cumplimiento del Suppl. 1993;11:309-17.
tratamiento activo en ADVANCE, similar al observado con el 4. Baskar V, Kamalakannan D, Holland MR, Singh BM. Hyperten-
placebo, indica que un tratamiento corto, como el realiza- sion in diabetes: is there a place for age-adjusted centile cut-
do en la fase previa, identicara a la pequea proporcin offs in those aged < 50 years? Q J Med. 2004;97:747-53.
de personas que no toleren el tratamiento. Posteriormente, 5. Pechere-Bertschi A, Greminger P, Hess L, Philippe J, Ferrari P.
Swiss Hypertension and Risk Factor Program (SHARP): cardio-
el tratamiento puede mantenerse a largo plazo, con un solo
vascular risk factors management in patients with type 2 dia-
comprimido de combinacin ja que presenta un cumpli- betes in Switzerland. Blood Pressure. 2005;14:337-44.
miento equivalente al observado con el placebo. Un segui- 6. ADVANCE Collaborative Group. Effects of a xed combination
miento cada seis meses sera satisfactorio para la gran ma- of perindopril and indapamide on macrovascular and microvas-
yora de los pacientes, con una necesidad mnima de ajustar cular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (the
la dosis6. Esta estrategia no slo puede mejorar el control ADVANCE trial): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet.
de la presin arterial en todo el mundo, sino que podra 2007;370:829-40.
resultar particularmente pertinente en entornos de aten- 7. ADVANCE Management Committee. Study Rationale and Design
cin sanitaria donde existen barreras reales contra la provi- of ADVANCE: Action in Diabetes and Vascular disease prete-
sin de tratamientos individualmente ajustados, como sue- rax and diamicron MR controlled evaluation. Diabetologia.
2001;44:1118-20.
le ocurrir en las comunidades desfavorecidas de los pases
8. ADVANCE Management Committee. Rationale and design of the
desarrollados y en los pases con ingresos bajos o medios. ADVANCE study: a randomised trial of blood pressure lowering
and intensive glucose control in high-risk individuals with type
2 diabetes mellitus. Action in Diabetes and Vascular Disease:
Conclusiones PreterAx and DiamicroN Modied-Release Controlled Evalua-
tion. J Hypertens Suppl. 2001;19:S21-8.
La administracin sistemtica de una combinacin ja de 9. Adler AI, Stratton IM, Neil HA, Yudkin JS, Matthews DR, Cull CA,
perindopril e indapamida a pacientes con diabetes tipo 2 et al, on behalf of the UK Prospective Diabetes Study Group.
fue bien tolerada y redujo los riesgos de muerte y de suce- Association of systolic blood pressure with macrovascular and
sos vasculares mayores, independientemente del valor de microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 36):
prospective observational study. BMJ. 2000;321:412-9.
la presin arterial inicial y de los tratamientos concomitan-
10. UK Prospective Diabetes Study Group. Tight blood pressure
tes recibidos. Dada la calidad de la atencin mdica recibi- control and risk of macrovascular and microvascular complica-
da por todos los pacientes del estudio ADVANCE, los resulta- tions in type 2 diabetes: UKPDS 38. BMJ. 1998;317:703-13.
dos revelan que la adicin de un comprimido diario de 11. Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation (HOPE) Study Investiga-
combinacin a los mejores tratamientos habituales puede tors. Effects of ramipril on cardiovascular and microvascular
lograr benecios signicativos. Este benecio no se limit a outcomes in people with diabetes mellitus: results of the HOPE
los sujetos hipertensos, sino que se observ tambin en los study and MICRO-HOPE substudy. Lancet. 2000;355:253-9.
sujetos diabticos normotensivos. En efecto, por cada mi- 12. ADVANCE Collaborative Group. ADVANCE: Lessons from the run-
lln de individuos con diabetes tipo 2 que reciban este tra- in phase of a large study in type 2 diabetes. Blood Pressure.
tamiento, se estima que se evitaran 15.000 muertes vascu- 2006;15:340-6.
13. Patel A, Chalmers J, Poulter N. ADVANCE: action in diabetes
lares, 13.300 sucesos coronarios y 50.000 casos renales y se
and vascular disease. J Hum Hypertens. 2005;19 Suppl 1:S27-
salvaran 12.650 vidas. 32.
14. Mancia G, De Backer G, Dominiczak A, Cifkova R, Fagard R,
Germano G, et al. 2007 Guidelines for the Management of Ar-
Agradecimientos terial Hypertension: The Task Force for the Management of Ar-
terial Hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension
ADVANCE es un estudio iniciado y realizado por investiga- (ESH) and of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). J Hy-
dores con la ayuda de subvenciones del Institut de Recher- pertens. 2007;25:1105-87.
ches Internationales Servier y el National Health and Medi- 15. Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR, Cushman WC, Green LA,
cal Research Council de Australia. Estamos agradecidos a Izzo JL, et al, and the National High Blood Pressure Education
Program Coordinating Committee. The Seventh Report of the
todos los miembros del Grupo Colaborativo ADVANCE6.
Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evalua-
tion, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. JAMA.
2003;289:2560-72.
Bibliografa 16. National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. Hyper-
tension: management of hypertension in adults in primary care
1. International Diabetes Federation. International Diabetes Fe- (partial update of NICE clinical guideline 18) [citado 22 Ago
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