Professional Documents
Culture Documents
DURATION
NO. OF
OF TOTAL
SEMESTER PAPER CODE AND TITLE TEACHING
SEMESTER MARKS
HOURS
EXAM
SEMESTER I
THEORY
Paper I MB 7114: Microbial Diversity 60 3 hours 100
Paper II MB 7214: Cellular Microbiology 60 3 hours 100
Paper III MB 7314: Microbial Genetics 60 3 hours 100
MB 7414: Microbiological
Paper IV 60 3 hours 100
Techniques
PRACTICAL
Paper I MB 7P1: Microbial Diversity 120 4 hours 50
MB 7P2: Microbial Genetics &
Paper II 120 4 hours 50
Microbiological Techniques
SEMESTER II
THEORY
Paper I MB 8114: Microbial Physiology 60 3 hours 100
Paper II MB 8214: Immunotechnology 60 3 hours 100
Paper III MB 8314: Agricultural Microbiology 60 3 hours 100
MB 8414: Environmental
Paper IV 60 3 hours 100
Microbiology
PRACTICAL
MB 8P1: Microbial Physiology &
Paper I 120 4 hours 50
Immunotechnology
MB 8P2: Agricultural &
Paper II 120 4 hours 50
Environmental Microbiology
SEMESTER III
THEORY
Paper I MB 9114: Molecular Biology 60 3 hours 100
MB 9214: Recombinant DNA
Paper II 60 3 hours 100
Technology
Paper III MB 9314: Medical Microbiology 60 3 hours 100
MB 9414: Food and Industrial
Paper IV 60 3 hours 100
Microbiology
PRACTICAL
MB 9P1: Molecular Biology, RDT &
Paper I 120 4 hours 50
Medical Microbiology
MB 9P2: Food and Industrial
Paper II 120 4 hours 50
Microbiology
SEMESTER IV
MB 0114:Biostatistics And
Paper I 60 3 hours 100
Bioinformatics
Paper II MB 0214:Research Methodology 60 3 hours 100
Paper III MB 0314:Project Work 360 300
Bacteriology:Morphology and ultra structure of bacteria- Cell wall gram positive and
gram negative bacteria, nucleoid, plasmids, endospores.
Growth and reproduction, Culturing and preservation of bacteria, Control of
microorganisms.
UNIT II
12
MYCOLOGY
UNIT III
5
PHYCOLOGY
UNIT IV
VIROLOGY 25
Plant viruses: Classification and nomenclature, life cycle, effect of virus on plants.
Type species of plant viruses: TMV, Cauliflower mosaic virus.
UNIT V
EXTREMOPHILES 7
The domain Archaea, Archeal cell walls, membranes, RNA polymerase their
metabolism and major groups of Archaea.
Classification of microbes based on pH, temperature, pressure, salt concentration and
their adaptations (Acidophilic, Thermophilic, Barophilic and Osmophilic microbes).
Extraction of extremozymes, perspectives and applications.
REFERENCES:
UNIT II
Structural organization of: Cell membrane- fluid mosaic model, bi-lipid layer 13
prokaryotic type I, II, III secretion systems
Endomembrane system: Endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, lysosome,
peroxisomes, vacuoles
Cytoskeleton: Components and structural functions, types of filament: microtubules,
intermediate filaments, microfilaments assembly and disassembly, molecular motors and
sarcomere regulation, cell motility
Protein trafficking: Among various cellular compartments, vesicular trafficking,
transmembrane transport of small molecules- endocytosis and exocytosis
Cell division: Bacterial- FtsZ division protein, MinCDE proteins, Eukaryotic- 10
mitosisandmeiosis
Cell cycle: Events in cell cycle, regulation of cell cycle and cancer, apoptosis, bacterial
aging
Integrating cells into tissues: Cell junctions and adhesions (cell-cell and cell-matrix), 3
extracellular matrix
UNIT III
UNIT V
REFERENCES:
1. Bruce Alberts, 4th edition, Molecular Biology of the cell, Garland Science.
2. Fredrirch Marks et.al (2009), Cellular signalling processing, Garland Science Taylor &
Francis Group.
3. Gerald Karp 6th edition, Cell Biology, Wiley
4. Henderson et. al (2000), Cellular microbiology, John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
5. Lehninger (2010), Principles of Biochemistry, Worth Publishers, Inc.
6. Lodish, Berk, Baltimore, 4th Edition (2000), Molecular Biology, W.H. Freeman & co.
MB 7314: MICROBIAL GENETICS
Total : 60 Hours
UNIT I
DNA structure, forms of DNA and DNA supercoiling. The law of DNA constancy and 12
C-value paradox. Properties of DNA Denaturation, Renaturation, melting curve and
hyperchromicity.
DNA replication in Prokaryotes: Origin of replication, replication fork, leading and
lagging strand, semi conservative replication, rolling circle replication, enzymes involved
in prokaryotic replication and DNA proof reading.
UNIT II
UNIT III
UNIT 1V
UNIT V
Plasmids: General features, types of plasmids, F-factors description and their uses in 6
genetic analysis, Colicins and Col Factors, Plasmids as vectors for gene cloning and
Plasmid DNA replication.
UNIT VI
UNIT VII
Life cycle of bacteriophages and their uses in microbial genetics: T7, T4,, P1, M13 and
X174. 10
REFERENCES:
1. Dale J.W., Molecular Genetics of bacteria, 1994, John Wiley and Sons.
2. James D. Watson, Nancy H. Hopkins, Jeffrey W. Roberts, Joan ArgetsingerSteitz, Alan M.
Weiner 1987, 4th edition. The Benjamin/Cummings Pub.
3. Lewin B. 2002 Genes VIII. Oxford.
4. Microbial genetics : Nancy Hopkins
5. Miller, J.H. Short course in bacterial genetics, 1992, CSH Laboratories.
6. Murray et al methods for General and Molecular bacteriology, 1994, ASM Press.
7. Roger I.P., Adams, John T. Knowler and David P. Leader, 1992. The Biochemistry of the
Nucleic Acids. 11th edition, Chapman and Hall.
8. Slave T Experiments with Gene Fusions, 1994. Cold Spring Harbour Lab. Press.
9. Stanley R. Maloy, John E. Cronan, Jr., David Freifelder, 1994. Microbial Genetics. Jones and
Barlett Pub, Boston.
10. StreipsandYasbin Modern microbial Genetics. 2001., Niley Ltd.
MB 7412- MICROBIOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES
Total: 60 hours
UNIT I 7
Cell environment:
a. Properties of water
Structure and interactions, water as a solvent, Proton mobility, Ionization of water
UNIT II 15
b. Light Microscopy
Bright Field Microscope, Phase Contrast Microscope, Dark Field Microscope, Fluorescence
Microscope
Preparation and staining of specimen (simple, differential and structural staining)
c. Electron Microscopy
Transmission Electron Microscope, Scanning Electron Microscope
UNIT III 15
b. Microbial growth, Phases of growth (growth curve and kinetics of batch and continuous
culture), Continuous culture (chemostat and turbidostat), synchronous culture,
d. Isolation of pure culture, Culture collection centers, Culture preservation and maintenance
UNIT IV 15
Control of microorganisms
a. Control of microorganisms by physical agents
Fundamentals of control, Physical agents (high temperature, low temperature, desiccation,
osmotic pressure, radiation, surface tension and interfacial tension, filtration)
b. Control of microorganisms by chemical agents
Characteristics of an ideal antimicrobial chemical agent, Major groups of antimicrobial agents
(phenol and phenolic compounds, alcohols, halogens, heavy metals, dyes, detergent, quaternary
ammonium compounds, aldehydes, gaseous agents), Evaluation of antimicrobial chemical
agents( tube dilution and agar plate techniques, phenol coefficient method)
UNIT V 8
REFERENCES:
BACTERIOLOGY
1. Isolation of bacteria.
2. Identification of bacteria.
A. Staining techniques: Grams, Negative, Endospore, Capsule and Cell Wall.
B. Cultural characteristics of bacteria on NA.
C. Pure culture techniques (Types of streaking).
D. Biochemical characterization :
IMViC, Carbohydrate fermentation test, Mannitol motility test, Gelatin liquefaction
test, Urease test, TSI test, Nitrate reduction test, Catalase test, Oxidase test, Starch
hydrolysis, Casein hydrolysis.
3. Identification of bacteria by API system.
4.Isolation of anaerobic, cellulolytic and sulphate reducing bacteria using a Winogradsky column
5. Isolation and characterization of thermophilic, acidophilic, alkalophilic and halophilic bacteria.
MYCOLOGY
1.Isolation of different fungi: Saprophytic, Parasitic, Coprophilous, Keratinophilic.
2. Identification of fungi by lactophenol cotton blue method.
PHYCOLOGY
1. Isolation and identification of algae and cyanobacteria.
VIROLOGY
1. Isolation of bacteriophages from sewage.
REFERENCES:
1. James G. Cappuccino and Natalie Sherman. Microbiology: A Laboratory Manual.
2. Kanika Sharma. Manual of Microbiology: Tools and Techniques.
3. Robert S. Burlage, Ronald Atlas, David Stahl, Gill Geesey, Gary Sayler, 1998. Techniques in
Microbial Ecology, Oxford University Press. N.Y.
4. Samuel Singer, 2001. Experiments in Applied Microbiology, Academic Press.
MB 7P2 : MICROBIAL GENETICS AND MICROBIOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES
MICROBIAL GENETICS
1. Mutagenesis.
2. Isolation and analysis of genomic DNA.
3. Isolation of plasmid DNA.
4. Conjugation
MICROBIAL TECHNIQUES
1. Buffer preparation and titration.
2. Staining techniques: simple and differential (grams staining).
3. Micrometry and Haemocytometry.
4. Phenol Coefficient method to test the efficacy of disinfectants.
5. Effect of antibiotics and heavy metals on bacteria and fungi.
6. Extraction and separation of Aflatoxins by paper chromatography.
REFERENCES:
Carbohydrates: 18
Structure (mono, di and polysaccharides).
Metabolism- Glycogenolysis, Glycolysis, TCA cycle.
Fermentation- Fermentation balances, Homo and Heterolactic fermentation -
Alcoholic fermentation, acetic acid, butyric acid, mixed acid and proponic acid
fermentation.
Hexose mono phosphate shunt, Glyoxylate cycle, Gluconeogenesis, Biosynthesis of
peptidoglycan, Entner Doudoroff pathway.
Energy production- Oxidation-reduction reactions, Substrate level phosphorylation,
Electron transport chain and Oxidative phosphorylation.
Mechanism of ATP synthesis (ATP synthase-structure and activity).
Bioenergetics: 4
Laws of thermodynamics, Application to biological system. High energy compounds-
ATP, NAD, FAD, FMN, CoA.
Enzymes: 8
Classification
Enzymes kinetics- Michaelis-Menten equation for simple enzymes, Multisubstrate
kinetics, Kinetics of allosteric enzymes. Factors affecting enzyme kinetics.
Mechanism of enzyme action- Active site and allosteric site. Lock and key theory,
induced fit theory, acid-base catalysis, covalent catalysis, metal ion exchange.
Regulation of enzyme action- Enzyme inhibition: Reversible, Irreversible,
Competitive, Uncompetitive and Non-competitive.
Isozymes, Ribozymes and abzyme.
UNIT III
UNIT IV
Lipids: 4
Classification, structure, physical and chemical properties
UNIT V
Nucleic acids: 4
Structure of nucleotides, biosynthesis of purines and pyrimidines.
UNIT VI
Photosynthesis: 6
Properties of photosynthetic and accessory pigments- chlorophyll, bacterial
chlorophyll, rhodopsin (bacteriorhodopsin, halorhodopsin, channelrhodopsin),
carotenoids and phycobiliproteins.
Mechanism of photosynthesis- Oxygenic and anoxygenic photosynthesis. Fixation of
CO2 Calvin cycle (C3 pathway) and C4 pathway.
REFERENCES:
1. Arora, D.K. and Gupta, S. (1996). Bacterial Physiology. Anmol Publications. New Delhi.
2. Branden, C., and Tooze, J. Introduction to Protein Structure. 2ndedn.
3. Brun, Y.V., and Shimkets, L.J. (2000). Prokaryotic Development. ASM Press.
4. Caldwell, D.R. (1995). Microbial Physiology and metabolism. Brown Publishers.
5. Creighton, T. E. (1993). Proteins. Structure and molecular properties. 2ndedn. W.H.
Freeman and Co., New York.
6. White, D., and Hegeman, G. D. (2006). The Physiology and Biochemistry of
Prokaryotes, Third Edition. Oxford University Press.
7. Garrett, R. H., and Grisham, C. M. (1999). Biochemistry. 2ndedn. Saunders College
Publishing.
8. Gottschalk, G. (1985). Bacterial Metabolism. Springer Series in Microbiology
9. Lehninger, 2010, Principles of Biochemistry, 5thedn., by Nelson & Cox, W.H. Freeman and
Co., New York.
10. Madigan, et al. Brock Biology of Microorganisms, 12thedn. Benjamin Cummings.
11. Wink, M. (2006). An Introduction to Molecular Biotechnology: Molecular Fundamentals,
Methods and Applications in Modern Biotechnology. Springer Publishing Company.
12. Moat, A.G. & Foster, J.W. (1999). Microbial physiology, Wiley-Liss.
13. Palmer, T. (2001). Enzymes: Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Clinical Chemistry,
Horwood Publishing Chichester.
14. Price, N.C., and Stevens, L. (2006). Fundamentals of Enzymology, 3rdedn. Oxford
University Press.
15. Simpson, R. J. (2005). Proteins and Proteomics: A Laboratory Manual. I.K. International
Publishing House Ltd.NewDelhi.
16. Roger, L.P. et al. (1992). The Biochemistry of the Nucleic Acids. 11th edn. Chapman and
Hall.
17. Stainer, R.Y. et al. (1986). General Microbiology. Macmillan Education Ltd. London.
18. Voet, D., Voet, J.G. and Pratt, W.C., 2006, Fundamentals of Biochemistry, John Wiley
and Sons.
MB8314: IMMUNOLOGY
Total: 60 Hours
UNIT I 15
Types of immunity- Definition, innate, acquired- active and passive with examples.
Factors affecting immunity- age, hormonal influence, nutrition.
Mechanisms of innate immunity: Anatomical, Physiological , Phagocytotic and
Inflammatory response.
Cells of immune system
Hematopoiesis- Hematopoietic growth factors, genes that regulate hematopoiesis,
regulation of hematopoiesis, programmed cell death, ontogeny, development and
functions of cells in innate and adaptive immune system(T-cells, B-cells, Natural
Killer cells, macrophages, Antigen presenting cells, Neutrophils,
Eosinophils,Basophils Mast cells, and Dendritic cells).
Organs of the Immune system Structure and function of Primary and Secondary
Organs.
UNIT II 20
UNIT III 10
REFERENCES:
1. Abbas A.K., A.H. Liehtman and J.S. Pober 2000. Cellular and MolecularImmunology
4thedition V.B. Saunders Company, London.
2. Coleman, R.M., Lombard, M.F., and R.E. Sicard, 1992, Fundamental immunology, second
edition, Wm.C. Brown Publishers, USA.
3. Cruse, J.M. and R. Lewis, 1999 Atlas of Immunology, CRC Press, New York.
4. Eli Benjamini, Sunshine G, and Lespeowitz 2000. Immunology a short course, fourth
edition, Wiley Liss, New York.
5. Janeway, Jr.C.A. andP.Travers 2001 Immunobiology, 5thedition Garland Publishing,
London.
6. Kubey J., 2000, Immunology, fourth edition W.H. Freeman and Company, New York.
7. Roit, L, Brostall J. and Male D. 2001 Immunology VI edition, Mosby, London.
MB 8314: AGRICULTURAL MICROBIOLOGY
Total : 60 Hours
UNIT I
Microbial Interactions 20
Nitrogen cycle: Fixation of atmospheric nitrogen, ammonification, nitrification,
nitrate reduction and denitrification. Symbiotic and non-symbioticnitrogen fixation,
Nif genes, Nitrogenase enzyme.
UNIT II
Host Parasite Interactions: Role of host exudates; process of pathogen entry; role of 10
enzymes, hormones and toxins produced by pathogens in pathogenesis; deranged host
metabolism.
UNIT III
UNIT IV
UNIT V
REFERENCES:
1. Mehrotra, R.S. 1983, Plant Pathology, Tata McGraw Hill publishing company Ltd., New
Delhi.
2. Pandy, B.P., 1997, Plant Pathology (Pathogen and Plant Disease), S.Chand and Company
Ltd., New Delhi.
3. Ray Chadhuri, S.P., 1977, A manual of Virus Diseases of Tropical Plants, Macmillan
Company of India Ltd., Delhi.
4. Rengaswami, G and S.Rajagopalan, 1973, Bacterial Plan Pathology Tamil Nadu
Agriculture University, Coimbatore.
5. Subba Rao, N.S., 1995, Soil Microorganisms and Plant Growth, third edition, Oxford and
IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
MB 8414: ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
Total: 60 Hours
UNIT 1
UNIT II
UNIT III
UNIT IV
UNIT V
1. Agashe, S.N. 1994. Aerobiology, Oxford & IBH Publishing Company, New Delhi.
2. Atlas, R.M. and Bastha, R. 2000, Microbial Ecology Fundamentals and Applications 4th
Edition, Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. New York.
3. Bitton, G, 1994. Wastewater Microbiology, Wiley-Liss Inc. New York.
4. Duggal, K.N. 1985, Elements of Public Health Engineering S. Chand & Co., Ltd., New
Delhi.
5. Hurst, C.J., Krudsen, G.R., McInerney, M.J., Stetzenbach, L.D. and Watter, M.V., 1997.
Manual of Environmental Microbiology, ASM Press, Washington, D.C.
6. Mitchell, R. 1992. Environmental Microbiology, Wiley-Liss, Inc.New York.
PRACTICALS
IMMUNOTECHNOLOGY
1. Precipitation tests (RIEP, CCIEP).
2. Identification of Staphylococcus aureus by coagulase test.
3. ELISA
4. Determination of nonspecific resistance to bacteria.
5. Determination of bactericidal activity of normal serum.
REFERENCES:
1. Alcamo, I.E. 2001, Laboratory Fundamentals of Microbiology, Jones and Barlett.
2. Parkinson D, (1994) Methods in soil analysis, Part 2, Microbiology and Biochemical
properties, SSSA book seriesm No.5 Soil Sciences Society of America, Madison,
Wise, USA.
3. Alexander J. Ninfa, 1998. Fundamental Laboratory approaches for Biochemistry and
Biotechnology Fitzgerald Science Press, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland.
4. David T Plummer, 1996. An Introduction to Practical Biochemistry, 3 ed. Tata
5. McGraw-Hill.
6. Short course in genetics, J.H. Miller 1992, CSH Laboratories.
7. Hudson, L and Hay, F.C. Tical Immunology, Blackwell Scientific Publications.
8. Experiments with gene fusions 1994, T. Slave, Cold Spring Harbour Lab. Press.
9. Bloom, Freyer, Meckler, 1996. Laboratory DNA Science, The Benjamin/Cummings
Pub.
10. Ted R. Johnson and Christine L Case, 2001. Laboratory Experiments in
Microbiology.
MB 8P2: AGRICULTURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
AGRICULTURAL MICROBIOLOGY
ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
REFERENCES:
1. James G. Cappuccino and Natalie Sherman. Microbiology: A Laboratory Manual.
2. Kanika Sharma. Manual of Microbiology: Tools and Techniques.
3. Robert S. Burlage, Ronald Atlas, David Stahl, Gill Geesey, Gary Sayler, 1998.
Techniques in Microbial Ecology, Oxford University Press. N.Y.