DWDM Routine Maintenance and Troubleshooting

Routine Maintenance and
Troubleshooting for DWDM
Unitrans
Unitrans D&T
D&T Group
Group
PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

Course Object
q Master Basic Operations for Routing

Maintenance.
q Know How to Handle the Common

Faults.

Contents
q Basic Maintenance Knowledges
q Basic Operations for Routine Equipment

Maintenance
q Basic Operations for Routine Network

Management Maintenance
q Maintenance and Handling for Common

Faults
q Fault Cases
3

Equipment
Equipment Operating
Operating Environment
Environment
Power - 48V (-38.4 ~ -57.6V )
Grounding
Temperature and Humidity
Temperature () Relative Humidity (%)
Long-Time
Operating conditions 040 10%90%
Short-Time
Operating conditions -545 5%95%
Note: Short-time operating condition means that continuous working

time is not more than 72 hours, and the total working time in one year
is not more than 15 days .
It is proposed to keep room temperature around 20 and

room humidity around 60%
4

Routine
Routine Maintenance
Maintenance and
and Precautions
Precautions
u Laser
uElectrics
u Board Maintenance
u Fiber Maintenance at Site

Laser
Laser
Laser safety precautions
l Personnel Safety
n Laser on optical interface board sends infrared light and may cause
permanent damage. Do not look straight into the optical interface to
protect your eyes from being damaged by laser.
n Optical power output of DWDM is usually very high, it is necessary to
protect your skin from being burnt by laser.
l Equipment Damage
n Unused optical interface and fiber pigtail connector shall be covered
with dustproof caps.
n If a fiber pigtail is used in the hardware loopback, an optical attenuator
must be added before the optical receiving port in order to control the
input power.
n The maximum optical receiving power must be in allowed range.

Electrics
Electrics
Anti-static Precautions
l Before touching equipment and boards, put on the antistatic wrist strap to
connect the human body and plug the other end of the anti-static wrist in
anti-static jack of equipment sub-frame.
l Wear anti-static gloves before touching other electric elements on boards
such as IC.
Power Maintenance and Precautions

l Never install or remove powered equipment.
l Never install or remove power cable of powered equipment.
l Risk prevention and insulating treatment for short-circuit during
engineering.
l Confirm whether cables and cable labels match with actual installation
before connection.

Board
Board Maintenance
Maintenance
Anti-Static
l Store unused boards in anti-static bags.
l Put on the anti-static wrist strap to connect the human body with
the equipment protection ground before touching the board.
Damp Proof
l Normally, a bag of desiccant is put in the static-shielding bag,
which is used to absorb the moisture in the bag and keep the bag
inside dry.
Board Mechanical Safety
l Avoid board vibration during transportation as it can easily lead to
board damage.

Fiber
Fiber Maintenance
Maintenance at
at Site
Site
After connecting the fiber to corresponding port, reserve some
residual fibers and coil them on fiber coiling box.
l Do not coil fibers overtight.
l Never press or squeeze fibers.
l Fiber bending diameter is not less than 10cm.
The fiber pulled out must be cleaned up.

Fiber
Fiber Cleaning
Cleaning
Before clean the fiber, ensure that the fiber is disconnected
from active elements and is lightless completely.
Hold fiber connector and clean end surface of ceramic pin with
dust-free paper. Drag fiber cleaning paper slowly and straightly
along end surface toward one direction. Repeat above
operations two or three times, and then spray compressed gas
to pin faces after they are dry.
Check end surface of connector.
10

Routine
Routine Maintenance
Maintenance Operations
Operations
u Software Loopback
u Hardware Loopback
uBoard Reset
u Optical Power Test
11

Software
Software Loopback
Loopback
User Side Near End Loopback
O
A OTU
C
Wavelength
Send signals to the corresponding
User Side Division Side output interface directly so as to form
Circuit Far End Loopback
loop (OCH side, OAC side).
OTU
O Software loopback can be used to
C
H check running conditions of fiber circuit
and fiber connector.
Wavelength
User Side
Division Side
12

Hardware
Hardware Loopback
Loopback
Hardware loopback is to loop the signal of
the interface by connecting the optical
receiving interface and the optical
transmitting interface with a fiber pigtail.
IN1 OUT1
OUT2 IN2
User Side WDM Side
IN1 OUT1
Attention: Add
Optical Attenuator OUT2 IN2
User Side WDM Side
13

Board
Board Reset
Reset
Perform soft/hard resetting to the board on EMS.
Unplug and plug the board so as to perform hard resetting to
the board.
Press reset button on SNP board so as to perform hard resetting

to SNP board.
14

Optical
Optical Power
Power Test
Test
OUT
Testing Port MON
Testing
Port
IN
Optical Power Meter Optical Board

Optical Power Meter
Optical Board
Attention! Permitted Input Optical Power of Tester
15

Contents
q Basic Operations for Routine

Equipment Maintenance


Faults
q Fault Cases
16

Period
Period and
and Items
Items of
of Routine
Routine Equipment
Equipment Maintenance
Maintenance
Period Maintenance Items

Check power supply in equipment room
Check the temperature and humidity in equipment room
Check cleanness in equipment room
A day
Check cabinet indicator
Check board indicator
Check audio alarm of equipment
Check fan box and clean dust filter
A month Check service telephones
Test error code
A quarter Test SNR at MPI-R point
A year Check grounding cable and power cable
17

Indicators
Indicators of
of Equipment
Equipment Cabinet
Cabinet
Depending on the cabinet indicator, judge whether the alarm
occurs on the equipment and the severity of the alarm.
Meanings of Indicators of Cabinet and Column-Head Cabinet
Status
Indicators Meanings
ON OFF
A critical alarm occurs on the

Red Critical alarm No critical alarm occurs on
equipment, usually with an
indicator indicator the equipment.
audio alarm.
Yellow Minor alarm A minor alarm occurs on the No minor alarm occurs on
indicator indicator equipment. the equipment.
Green Equipment power supply is Equipment power supply is
Power indicator
indicator normal. cut off.
18

Board
Board Indicator
Indicator
Depending on the board indicator, judge whether the alarm
occurs on the board.
Meanings of Board Indicator
Indicator Status
Working Status
NOM (Green) ALM (Red)
Waiting for configuration Red and green indicators flash alternatively.
Running normally Flash slowly and regularly OFF
Board alarm Flash slowly and regularly ON
Board POST Red and green indicators flash quickly for three times.
Board is getting into download
Red and green indicator flash quickly at the same time.
status
Downloading status Red and green indicator flash slowly at the same time.
19

Indicator
Indicator of
of Main
Main Control
Control Board
Board
Meanings of the Indicators of Main Control Board
Indicator Status
Running Status
ALM (Red) NOM (Green)
Flash OFF No basic database
The SNP board has been equipped in the equipment, but

Flash ON
not configured in EMS.
OFF Flash The system runs normally.
1During system initialization, it means that the system is

ready to recreate database (original data of SNP is empty);
ON OFF
2During the running process, it means that the system is
failure.
Red and green indicators flash
Reset SNP.
alternatively.
Red and green indicators flash Download the Agent program. (The indicator of SNP is
alternatively. normal during downloading the board program.)
20

Checking
Checking Audio
Audio Alarm
Alarm of
of Equipment
Equipment
Check whether the audio alarm function is set correctly and
works normally.
Operation
l Check the ring trip switch on the left of the cabinet.
l Normally, it should be set to NORMAL position.
l When the switch is set to the OFF" position, the alarm sound is
stopped.
21

Checking
Checking Fan
Fan Box
Box and
and Clean
Clean Dust
Dust Filter
Filter
Check whether the fan works normally and clean the dust filter
timely so as to guarantee good heat dissipation for the
equipment.
Check Fan Box Status
Steps Operations
Check whether Fan Failure alarm occurs on EMS. If not, the fan box
1
works normally.
Check whether each small fan runs normally. If yes, the green indicator
2
flashes slowly and the red indicator turns off.
Clean Dust Filter

Steps Operations
Take out the air filter from the bottom of the subrack, clean it with water
1
and air-dry it before putting it back.
Push the air filter back along the slide guide of the lower subrack after
2
adjusting the position of the air filter.
22

Testing
Testing SNR
SNR at
at MPI-R
MPI-R Point
Point
Check whether SNR at receiving side is degraded when the
equipment runs.
Operations
Steps Operations
1 Connect the board at MPI-R point to OSA according to the below illustration.
2 Adjust the OSA to WDM test mode.
3 Test SNR of each channel and record the result.
Compare the testing results with the history records (or standard), and analyze
4
the exceptional data.
Optical interface of
board
MON
OSA
23

Contents

Maintenance


Faults
q Fault Cases
24

Routine
Routine Maintenance
Maintenance Items
Items of
of Network
Network Management
Management
Check the status of NE and board.
Check the current alarm.
Check the 15-minute performance and 24-hour performance

(such as optical received power, optical launched power,
current, temperature, error code, etc.), analyze and record the
results.
Query the log information.
25

Checking
Checking Status
Status of
of NE
NE and
and Board
Board
In T3, judge the current running status through the board colors.
l Red: critical alarm.
l Orange: major alarm.
l Yellow: minor alarm.
26

Checking
Checking Current
Current // History
History Alarm
Alarm
Query the current alarm of the whole network
Click the alarm indicator on main window.
Query the current alarm

Right-click an NE firstly, and then choose Current Alarm.
Query history alarm

Right-click an NE firstly, and then choose History Alarm.
27

Checking
Checking Current
Current // History
History Alarm
Alarm
28

Right-click an NE firstly, and then choose Current Performance or History
Performance. Checking
Checking Current Current // History
History
Performance
Performance Event
Event
29

Checking
Checking Log
Log Records
Records
Check the operations of all users and print out the logs if necessary.
30

Routine
Routine Maintenance
Maintenance Items
Items of
of Network
Network Management
Management
System
System
Monthly maintenance Items

l Query and synchronize the time of NEs.
l Query board configuration information.
l Back up T3 database.
31

Checking
Checking Spectrum
Spectrum Analysis
Analysis Unit
Unit
Select the OPM board in Device Manager, then select WDM Maintenance OPM Spectra,
test the signal spectrum by using the OPM board.
32

Synchronize
Synchronize NE
NE Time
Time
Keep the NE time and EMS time synchronization one another so as to guarantee the
time of the reported information from NE is correctly.
In the view of Topology Management, click an NE and choose Operation-
>Topology Operation->NE Time Management.
33

Backup
Backup and
and Restore
Restore T3
T3 Database
Database
In the view of System Management, expand Device Tree->Database, then perform
the Backup & Restoration->Restore after logging into the database.
The default backup directory is \server\bin\backup.
34

Contents

Maintenance

q Maintenance and Handling for

Common Faults
q Fault Cases
35

Preparation
Preparation of
of Fault
Fault Location
Location
Technical preparation
l Well know DWDM theory
l Understand signal flow of WDM system
l Be familiar with WDM equipment and basic operations of EMS
l Be familiar with the basic operations of common meters
36

Preparation
Preparation for
for Fault
Fault Location
Location
Project networking
l Network topology
l Wavelength assignment
l Equipment running status
l Project documentation
37

Preparation
Preparation for
for Fault
Fault Location
Location
Before handling the fault, the maintenance personnel should
inform the network management center to collect, save, and
back up onsite data.
Record the details of each operation step during the fault
handling process.
All the data and records are very helpful for the handling of
similar faults in the future as the reference.
38

Basic
Basic Principles
Principles of
of Fault
Fault Location
Location
Accurate Fault location
39

Basic
Basic Principles
Principles of
of Fault
Fault Location
Location
Fault Reason
l Check the external reasons firstly, after that, consider the reason
in the transmission equipment itself.
Alarm level
l Analyze the higher-level alarms first, and then lower-level alarms
during the analysis of alarms.
40

Alarm
Alarm Levels
Levels
Critical Alarm
l The alarm results in the service interruption alarms, which must
be handled immediately.
Major Alarm
l The alarm influences the service, which should be handled timely.
Minor Alarm
l The alarm potentially influences the service, which should be
handled.
Warning
l It is a prompt alarm caused by misoperation on EMS, which
doesnt influence the service.
41

Principles
Principles of
of Troubleshooting
Troubleshooting
Key points:
1. Fault directions: unidirectional fault or bidirectional fault
2. Affected object: single-wave or multi-wave.
1. Optical Power Fault
Common Troubleshooting Methods:

1. Alarm and performance analysis method 2. ECC Fault
2. Instrument testing method

3. Service Transient
3. Substitution method Interruption Fault
4. Loop-back method
5. Experience method 4. Error Code Fault
5. Equipment Interconnection Fault
42

Analysis
Analysis and
and Handling
Handling
------ Optical
------ Optical Power
Power Overthreshold
Overthreshold Alarm
Alarm
Weak light inputting, no light inputting or strong light inputting
Handling: Find and exclude faults level by level.
Weak light outputting or no light outputting

Handling: The board apparatus is damaged, the optical laser is shut off,
or the connector is failure.
43

Typical
Typical Alarm
Alarm Handling
Handling
OA weak light inputting alarm or OA no light inputting alarm
1. System reason: Fiber fails (usual reason).
2. Board reason: 1510/1550 demultiplexer at inputting end is
damaged. Optical interface of inputting end or flange is damaged.
OA weak light outputting alarm or OA no light outputting alarm
1. System reason: the upstream of OA is failure if the OA inputting
changes at the same time.
2. Board reason: Inner fiber of the board maybe damaged if MON
interface optical power is normal.
44

Typical
Typical Alarm
Alarm Handling
Handling
The inputting of OA is normal, but the outputting of OA is no light.
l Board reasons: OA temperature is over-threshold, cable is disconnected,
or inner fiber of EDFA fails.
l Handling
1. Check MON optical power of OA board (OBA/OLA:OUT power=MON
power+23dB,OPA:OUT powerMON power+16dB), if the optical
power is normal, the alarm may be caused by the inner fiber of EDFA.
2. Check if the OA driver current or backlight current is normal via EMS.
If not, check the cable connection of EDFA. If the connection is
normal, the board maybe fail, it is considered to replace the board.
3. APSD status: OA downstream fiber or OA reverse upstream fiber
breaks down. APSD function makes OA stop pump automatically,
and periodically sends recovery pulses to test fiber. Thus, the board
works normally.
45

Analysis
Analysis and
and Handling
Handling
--------Error
--------Error Code
Code Overthreshold
Overthreshold Alarm
Alarm
B1 error code over threshold alarm, B1 errored second (ES)
count over threshold alarm, B1 serious errored second (ES)
count over threshold alarm, B2 error code count over threshold
alarm, B1 error code count over threshold alarm.
Handling
l Locate the fault by dividing the trunk segments into several
segments.
l Collect the optical power of the boards between two
TU/SRM/GEM boards to locate the fault.
46

Typical
Typical Alarm
Alarm Handling
Handling
Single-channel Error Code/ Loss of Lock/ Loss of signal
l Board fault location
n Single-channel error code can be located at the board and
transmission section according to board performance such as
B1 error code.
l Handling
n Firstly, test fiber parameters such as reflection. If these
parameters are correct, which means that the board
performance maybe degraded. Replace the board if
necessary.
Multi-channel Error Code/ Loss of Lock/ Loss of signal
l Generally, the main optical channel is faulty if all the channels
have error codes. The SNR or power point maybe failure.
47

Analysis
Analysis and
and Handling
Handling
-----LOF
-----LOF Alarm
Alarm
Loss Of Frame (LOF)
Handling
l Collect the optical power upstream to locate the fault.
48

Analysis
Analysis and
and Handling
Handling
----Alarm
----Alarm of
of SOSC
SOSC Board
Board
Signal interruption alarm, error code alarm, optical power over
threshold alarm
Handling
l Firstly, verify whether the main optical channel goes wrong.
l Next, verify whether supervisory channel itself goes wrong.
l Finally, locate the faulty site or board.
49

Typical
Typical Alarm
Alarm Handling
Handling
OOF Alarm of SOSC Board
1. Outputting optical power (0~-7dBm) or extinction ratio of 2M
module of previous SOSC doesnt reach the standard.
Replace the faulty optical module or the board.
2. Optical power doesnt reach the standard because of fiber
jumping connector is dirty or broken.
Clean the optical fiber or replace the faulty fiber pigtail.
3. If receiver sensitivity doesnt reach the standard or the inputting
optical power is too low.
Replace board or readjust the receiver sensitivity. For the fault
caused by too lower inputting optical power, increase the
upstream outputting optical power or replace the board with lower
sensitivity.
50

Analysis
Analysis and
and Handling
Handling
-----J0
-----J0 TIM
TIM Alarm
Alarm
J0 TIM alarm
Handling
l Modify J0 value sent by SDH equipment, and make it the same as
that of DWDM equipment.
l Modify J0 value sent by DWDM equipment, and make it the same
as that of SDH equipment.
51

Analysis
Analysis and
and Handling
Handling
-----
----- Over-high
Over-high Current
Current Alarm
Alarm
Over-high refrigeration current alarm, over-high laser bias
current alarm
Handling
l Change the threshold
l Board faults
l External power faults
52

Analysis
Analysis and
and Handling
Handling
----Relative
----Relative Board
Board Alarm
Alarm
Board not-in-position alarm
Handling
l The slot isnt configured with the board:
Plug in the board whose configuration is same as the setting on
EMS.
l The board program is faulty, which means the board software
doesnt run Replace the board or board program.
l Backplane pin or board socket are faulty, which leads the NCP
can not detect the board
Carefully check whether the pin is bent or broken. If yes, replace
the backplane board or board.
53

Analysis
Analysis and
and Handling
Handling
-----Relative
-----Relative Board
Board Alarm
Alarm
Board in-position alarm
l A slot is not configured with a board in the EMS, but the EMS
finds that a board is installed in the slot of the actual equipment.
Handling
l Plug a board of the same type as the actual one into the slot in the
EMS.
54

Analysis
Analysis and
and Handling
Handling
----Relative
----Relative Board
Board Alarm
Alarm
Board mismatch alarm
This alarm indicates that a slot has been configured with a
board in the EMS, but the information of the board detected in
the EMS is different from that of the actual one installed in the
slot.
Handling
l Modify the configuration.
l Change the board whose configuration is same as the setting on
EMS.
55

Performance
Performance Analysis
Analysis and
and Handling
Handling
Abnormal performance value results in the corresponding
alarm.
Handling method of the abnormal performance is same with
that of the corresponding alarm.
Commonly, use the alarm menu and performance menu
together in order to locate and handle the fault faster.
56

Troubleshooting
Troubleshooting Flow
Flow
Troubleshooting flow ---alarms appear at equipment side
1. Rack alarm: check the board.
2. Board alarm: obtain the board fault information.
3. On EMS, query alarm type and current performance of the faulty
board: refer to the history performance.
4. Judge alarm type of the relevant board (upstream or downstream
board ): If an OTU board has no inputting light, then it is
necessary to check the inputting light status of other OTUs, OPA
and ODU at this site, as well as the outputting light status of the
OTU of the previous site.
57

Troubleshooting
Flow
5. Fault analysis: refer to the above power budget configuration
model. If all OTUs have no inputting light, the main optical
channel on multiplexing layer must be fail. Check the status of
OPA & ODU. If other OTUs are normal, a certain channel must
be fail, please check the outputting status of the previous OTU.
6. Fault handling: after confirm the fault and its location, replace the
board or repair the circuit, or clean the optical interface.
7. Fault elimination
8. Compare the current performance with the history performance of
the relative boards on EMS: Query the current performance on
EMS, check if other fault exists, if the fault is recovered totally, if
the adjustment is needed.
9. Record and archive
58

Troubleshooting
Flow
59

Contents

Maintenance


Faults
q Fault Cases
60

Case
Case 11
During the process of inspecting a site, we find that the third
channel is abnormal.
61

Case
Case 11
Handling:
l LOF and LOS alarms happen on the third channel of OTU10G by
the query on EMS.
l Firstly, it doubts that the loopback is incorrectly. But after the fiber
at IN port of OTU10G is pulled out, the inputting optical power on
EMS is still -9.32 dBm.
l Query the history performance, we find that the inputting optical
power has kept -9.32 dBm since Feb. this year even no actual
inputting.
l At site, disable the FEC function of the board and test the board
performance by 10 G meter. Then the board cant work normally,
and the signal channel is abnormal, which means the board is
damaged. So apply for a new board to replace the bad one.
62

Case
Case 11
Reflections :
l The receiving optical module of the board is obviously damaged.
The receiving optical module of the third channel of OTU10G at
this site is APD, and the overloading point is -9 dBm.
Pay attention that the receiving optical power should not be too
high to burn the board.
63

Case
Case 22
During the process of inspecting a site, find that the tenth
channel can not pass through the channel error code test
because the error code occurs every 1-2 minutes. On EMS, all
the boards of the channel dont report the error code.
64

Case
Case 22
Handling
l Test the error code by using OTUR of the other wavelength. If no
error codes occurs again, it is considered that OTUR 10 G is
failure. Disable its FEC function and test it by meter, the error
codes are still existed but not displayed on EMS, which means the
module of the board is failure. Replace the module, after that the
error codes are disappeared.
65

Case
Case 22
Reflections
l If the error codes occur during the process of channel testing.
Firstly, check the board where error codes occur by EMS. If no
board reports error codes, check if the optical module of OTUR is
wrong. Finally, test the board and replace the board after
confirming the fault.
66

Case
Case 33
On March 29th, the maintenance personnel find that 24-hour
history performance is lost.
67

Case
Case 33
Handling
l All of the 15-minute history performances are lost, which maybe
caused by the resetting of SNP.
l The default interval of reporting performance of SNP is 2 hours,
so 15-minute performances during 2 hours are lost after the
resetting of SNP. The 24-hour performance is also lost because it
is the 24-hour performance reporting time when SNP is reset.
68

Case
Case 33
Reflections
l On EMS, the time interval of SNP reporting performance data can
be set as 30 minutes, which increases the ECC communication
burden. It is not beneficial to the communication of NE.
l Automatic reset is caused by many reasons, but the primary
reason is that the SNP receiving & transmitting packet is abnormal
during a certain period. Detect circuit to reset SNP, which can
recover the communication but the performance in a certain
period will be lost then.
69

Case
Case 44
On March 29th, the maintenance personnel find that MCU
overtime information is reported when the performances of the
OA and SRM board are queried.
70

Case
Case 44
Handling
l The fault still exists after an OA board is reset. The selected
performance parameter can be queried by EMS. The abnormal
communication between SNP and S port results in the fault.
Resetting the SNP board via EMS can solve the problem. Thus,
the performance events can be queried normally.
71

Case
Case 44
Reflections
l There are not so many performance items of OA board, and the
query is barely overtime, so the problem is mainly caused by SNP.
l Reset the SNP board to solve this problem, which will not
influence the service of OTU and SRM board.
72

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Routine Maintenance and

Troubleshooting for DWDM

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q Master Basic Operations for Routing

q Know How to Handle the Common

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q Basic Maintenance Knowledges

q Basic Operations for Routine Equipment

q Basic Operations for Routine Network

q Maintenance and Handling for Common

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Note: Short-time operating condition means that continuous working

It is proposed to keep room temperature around 20 and

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u Fiber Maintenance at Site

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Power Maintenance and Precautions

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u Optical Power Test

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User Side Near End Loopback

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Press reset button on SNP board so as to perform hard resetting

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Optical Power Meter Optical Board

Attention! Permitted Input Optical Power of Tester

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q Basic Maintenance Knowledges

q Basic Operations for Routine

q Basic Operations for Routine Network

q Maintenance and Handling for Common

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Period Maintenance Items

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A critical alarm occurs on the

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Waiting for configuration Red and green indicators flash alternatively.

Running normally Flash slowly and regularly OFF

Board alarm Flash slowly and regularly ON

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The SNP board has been equipped in the equipment, but

OFF Flash The system runs normally.

1During system initialization, it means that the system is

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Clean Dust Filter

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q Basic Maintenance Knowledges

q Basic Operations for Routine Equipment

q Basic Operations for Routine Network

q Maintenance and Handling for Common

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Check the status of NE and board.

Check the current alarm.

Check the 15-minute performance and 24-hour performance

Query the log information.

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