The Aruna Sanskrit Language Series

The Bhagavad Gita

Dictionary

A.K. Aruna PDF version

Second Edition

Upasana Yoga Media

 Second edition 2012
Copyright 2012 Upasana Yoga
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ISBN (PDF): 978-1-938597-02-2

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 Invocation

m@ ; @ e +}|
+@ @ e + j+}G

Nryaa namasktya nara caiva narottamam.

Dev sarasvat caiva tato jayam udrayet.

Bowing to Lord Nryaa (Ka), to Nara, the best of men [namely Arjuna], and to the Goddess [of
knowledge] Sarasvat, then may one commence the [lore called] Jaya (Victory).
Mahbhrata 1.1
The Aruna Sanskrit Language Series
The Aruna Sanskrit Language Series is a groundbreaking series of media that enriches the study of
both the Sanskrit language and Vedanta. The six titles currently in the series are highly flexible
and cross-referenced, guiding readers through Sanskrit basics to proficient levelunlocking the
vocabulary and grammar and helping them comprehend the deeper meaning of the Bhagavad
Gita. These titles are available through the publishing arm of Upasana Yoga at
www.UpasanaYoga.org.

Other Titles in The Aruna Sanskrit Language Series (available in Print & PDF)
The Aruna Sanskrit Grammar Reference
The Aruna Sanskrit Grammar Coursebook: 64 Lessons Based on the Bhagavad Gita Chapter Two
The Bhagavad Gita Reader: Sanskrit/English Parallel Text
The Bhagavad Gita Sanskrit Key: Verse-by-Verse Grammar & Vocabulary
The Sanskrit Reading Tutor: Read It, Click It, Hear It! (only in PDF)

Other Titles by A.K. Aruna

The Bhagavad Gita: Victory Over Grief And Death
Patanjali Yoga Sutras: Translation and Commentary in the Light of Vedanta Scriptures
Patanjali Yoga Sutras: A Translation in the Light of Vedanta Scriptures
 Acknowledgments
Timeless adoration to my guru, Swami Dayananda Saraswati, a brilliant link in the tradition between the
original knowledge of reality and today. Under his tutelage many gifted teachers are reinvigorating the
Vedanta teaching tradition throughout India and the world in many different languages.
In preparing the Bhagavad Gita Dictionary I am indebted to Swami Dayananda Saraswatis Bhagavadgita
Home Study Course, the Bhashya of Sri Sankaracarya, Taranatha Bhattacharyas Sabdastoma-Mahanidhi (A
Sanskrit Dictionary), Macdonells A Practical Sanskrit Dictionary, Sir Monier Williams A Sanskrit-English
Dictionary and his A Dictionary, English and Sanskrit, V. P. Aptes The Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary,
The Students English-Sanskrit Dictionary and his Sanskrit-Hindi Kosha, Pandit S. Ramasubba Sastris
Kridantarupamala, Krishna Vishors Gita Prakasa, and finally Amritsariya Ram Bhanots Shrimad Bhagavad
Gita with Amritavarshini Tika.
I hope you enjoy this dictionary as much as I did compiling it.

7
 Abbreviations
a. or adj. adjective(s) des. desiderative
abl. ablative du. dual(s)
acc. accusative encl. enclitic
act. active esp. especially
adv. adverb ex. except
aor. aorist (tense) f. or fem. feminine(s)
~ as first member fr. from
~ as second member fut. future
aspir. aspiration fut. pt. future participle (active)
!~ or . tmanaipada gram. grammar
aug. augment gutt. guttural(s)
b/4 before impf. imperfect
bene. benedictive impv. imperative
;~$~ Bhadrayaka Upaniad in. indeclinable
B.H.S.C. Bhagavadgt Home Study in. pt. indeclinable participle
Course, by Swami Dayananda inf. infinitive
~$~ Chndogya Upaniad intens. intensive(s)
cf. compare interj. interjection(s)
ch. chapter irreg. irregular
cj. conjunction ~$~ Kaha Upaniad
cmpd. compound m. or masc. masculine(s)
conj. conjugation mid. middle (tmanaipada)
cons. consonant(s) n. or neut. neuter(s)
corr. correlative nom. nominative
cpv. comparative num. numeral
cs. causal opt. optional(ly)
decl. declension(s) orig. originally
den. denominative(s) ~, Par. or P. Parasmaipada
9
 Abbreviations (cont.)
pt. participle(s) reflex. reflexive
pcl. particle(s) rel. relative
ps. passive resp. respective(ly)
past act. pt. past active participle &~+~ g Veda
pp. past participle (passive) root
perf. perfect (tense) s. strong
peri. periphrastic s.f. stem final
pl. plural sec. secondary
poss. possibly semiv. semivowel(s)
poss. prn. possessive pronoun sibi. sibilant(s)
pot. potential (mood) sg. singular
pot. ps. pt. potential passive participle spv. superlative
prep. preposition(s) suff. suffix(es)
pr. present +~$~ vetvara Upaniad
pr. pt. present participle (active) e~$~ Taittirya Upaniad
pr. mid. pt. present middle participle term. termination(s)
pri. primary therefore
prn. pronoun U. Ubhayapada
prn. a. pronominal adjective vow. vowel(s)
redup. reduplicated/reduplication w. weak
redup. perf. reduplicated perfect participle w/ with
pt. (active) w/wo with or without

10
 The Aruna Sanskrit Language Series
The first title in The Aruna Sanskrit Language Series is The Aruna Sanskrit Grammar Reference. The Grammar
Reference follows the reference style presentation of grammar. This will provide a logical, consistent and
complete exposition of the grammar for reading-only proficiency. The grammar uses minimal wording and
presents the material in outline and chart form as much as possible to maximize your visual memory of the
information. This method also greatly assists review and re-review of the grammar, necessary to master the
subject. Several of the charts have multiple forms within them that demonstrate simple, easy to remember
patterns which are overlooked by many grammar books. This helps you to also logically remember the
information. The grammar is presented in the Western style, which emphasizes analytic, reading skills, as
opposed to the more difficult composition and speaking skills. As much as possible, the examples in the book
are taken from the Bhagavad Gita, so your targeted vocabulary builds quickly.
The second title in The Aruna Sanskrit Language Series is The Aruna Sanskrit Grammar Coursebook: 64 Lessons
Based on the Bhagavad Gita Chapter Two. The exercise in the first lesson of the Aruna Coursebook directs the student
to the Script Reading Exercise, given in its appendix. This section provides the complete Bhagavad Gita second
chapter in large-print Sanskrit with transliteration using the English alphabet under each line, followed with the
entire chapter again with only the large-print Sanskrit to test your progress. The text and transliteration are
broken down in two separate ways to show the separate syllables and then the individual words, thus
progressively showing the student the proper methodology for correctly pronouncing the original Sanskrit text.
This section should provide all the necessary practice material for the student to learn the Sanskrit script
essential for proceeding through the rest of this work and any other Sanskrit work. For students who need help
in pronunciation of Sanskrit words, I highly advise finding a teacher, a friend or someone in your community
who will surprise you with their readiness to assist youknowledge of Sanskrit and its literature seems to
nurture this helpful attitude. These people need not know the meaning of all the Sanskrit words, but they can
read the Sanskrit script. Additionally, a tape or CD of the Bhagavad Gita is available through the Arsha Vidya
Gurukulam (www.arshavidya.org).
An alternative help for this Script Reading Exercise is the specially developed Sanskrit Reading Tutor: Read It,
Click It, Hear It!, a uniquely formatted PDF file that has the alphabet sections from the Grammar Reference plus
the Script Reading Exercise of the Grammar Coursebook. The special feature of the PDF is that one can click on any
of the characters in the alphabet section to hear its pronunciation, and on any of the individual lines, quarter
11
 THE ARUNA SANSKRIT LANGUAGE SERIES
verses, or their syllables of Script Reading Exercise to hear their pronunciation. In this way one can have each
of these script elements individually re-read to you over and over while you are seeing the script on your
screena unique and invaluable tool for learning the script and its pronunciation.
The rest of the lessons in the Aruna Coursebook give a relatively quick overview of the entire Grammar
Referenceits layout, its methodology and how its grammar rules are to be understood. Enough explanation
with little redundancy is provided to explain the outlined and charted grammar presented in the Grammar
Reference so that you can learn on your own with little or no assistance from a teacher, assuming you can apply a
post-high school aptitude towards this work.
The examples and exercises in the Aruna Coursebook are drawn from the second chapter of the Bhagavad
Gita, which is taught completely in prose format, then finally in verse format. In the Aruna Coursebook,
vocabulary is presented by giving the English meaning of the individual words, their grammar and also their
contextual use within expressions from the Gita. This should make it very easy to learn the vocabulary. By
teaching the vocabulary of the verses in a consistent Sanskrit prose order, which is syntactically based, the
student gains a quicker grasp of Sanskrit syntax. All exercise expressions and sentences are taken directly from
the Gitano extraneous material is presented. These words, expressions and sentences are repeated
throughout the Aruna Coursebook in the lessons and exercises to assist your memory; nothing is taken for
granted as you progress through the Aruna Coursebook. All the examples and lessons are cross-referenced to
their specific verses in the Gita, so the context and the English translation given therein will provide an
answer-key and guide for the students work.
After knowing the prose order of all the verses of the second chapter, the student is then introduced to the
analysis of verses so that he or she can quickly and confidently see the meaning of the Bhagavad Gita verses
directly. Concepts presented in the Gita are expounded, so that non-Indian and Indian students alike can
appreciate the depth of discussion within the Gita.
The Aruna Coursebook forms a four to twelve month full-time course in itself, depending on the effort put
forth and any previous exposure to this language or familiarity with other languages that may have affinity to
the Sanskrit language. At the completion of The Aruna Coursebook you will be familiar with the entire range of
Sanskrit grammar for reading proficiency and be able to sight read with understanding all the verses of the
second chapter of the Bhagavad Gita, which briefly presents the entire teaching of the Gita.
The third title in The Aruna Sanskrit Language Series is The Bhagavad Gita Dictionary. This is a Sanskrit to
Sanskrit and English dictionary of the entire Bhagavad Gita. Many entries include reference citations to
12
 THE ARUNA SANSKRIT LANGUAGE SERIES
grammatical rules for their peculiar formations presented in Grammar Reference. The derivation of many words is
included as appropriate. The entries also provide Sanskrit synonyms and/or meanings, plus contextual Sanskrit
analysis of compound words, so that your vocabulary builds beyond the Gita with each use. The goal of this
vocabulary building is to encourage you to start to think in Sanskrit while you read Sanskrita multiplying
effect that greatly enhances learning and builds the skills necessary to progress to Panini and the full grasp of
the Sanskrit language, if you so choose.
The fourth title in The Aruna Sanskrit Language Series is The Bhagavad Gita Reader: Sanskrit/English Parallel Text,
consisting of all eighteen chapters of the Bhagavad Gita. It presents on each left-hand page the Gita verses,
then on the opposing page the same verses in easier to understand prose order and an English translation of
those verses, in columnar format.
The purpose of this section and its design is three-fold. First, you are instructed to read Gita verses daily.
Reading skills are encouraged and developed so that you can read Sanskrit text as effortlessly as your native
language. By reading down each of the respective pages, the student can quickly read either the original verses,
the prose version, or the English renderingas well as relate these three by reading across the opposing pages.
Later understanding of what you are reading follows and is greatly enhanced by this exercise.
Secondly, the prose presentation of the verses quickly brings you to an understanding of the meaning of the
verses, well before the difficult skill of unraveling the grammar packed into verse form. Breaking with tradition,
all words in the prose are grammatically split apart, helping you see the individual words with their full
grammatical form. Interspersed in the prose in parentheses are additional Sanskrit words necessary to help you
comprehend the meaning and context of certain words, and to understand the not-so-obvious references of
certain pronouns found in some verses.
Thirdly, the English translation is given out-of-the-way in its own column to de-emphasize your
dependence on English as a medium for understanding Sanskrit. This translation doubles as a quick answer-key
to the Aruna Coursebook exercises, which are all cross-referenced to the matching verses. Additionally,
contextual explanation is added in parentheses so as not to mislead the reader into confusing editorial
commentary with the actual translation. This is a feature sorely lacking in existing translations that I have come
across. Certain Sanskrit words that have a depth of technical and cultural meaning packed into them, or
intentionally have multiple meanings, are well explained in the Aruna Coursebook and in The Bhagavad Gita
Dictionary. After being initially translated, the original Sanskrit word is then used in the English translation of
the following verses and is clarified, if necessary, only in parenthetical commentary. This makes for better
13
 THE ARUNA SANSKRIT LANGUAGE SERIES
readability of the translation, during this language study and especially after this studyonce you realize that
there are no equivalent, concise expressions in English for certain Sanskrit words, nor need they be
manufactured.
The fifth title in The Aruna Sanskrit Language Series is The Bhagavad Gita Sanskrit Key: Verse-by-Verse Grammar
& Vocabulary. The Gita Key also can be used as a quick answer-key to the Aruna Coursebook exercises. By
collecting the vocabularies together, this becomes a marvelous tool to study the grammar, syntax and meaning
of the verses of the entire Bhagavad Gita.
The Aruna Sanskrit Language Series was arranged for the following reasons. The Grammar Reference and the
Aruna Coursebook are meant to stand together as an introduction to Sanskrit, without needing the other three
books. If the student wants to proceed in this learning of the Bhagavad Gita, then minimally the Gita Key is also
required. The Gita Dictionary was separated from the other books as it is more convenient to have a separate
dictionary that can be opened as a reference for the Aruna Coursebook, Gita Reader, and Gita Key, or as a
reference tool apart from this series. If one is not interested in learning Sanskrit grammar and can read the
Sanskrit script, yet wants to know the Bhagavad Gita and how its meaning is arrived, then just the Gita Key will
more or less suffice, though its thousands of grammar rule references require the Grammar Reference. If one
simply wants a very good translation of the Bhagavad Gita and can read the Sanskrit script, then the Gita Reader
is complete in itself. If you cannot read the Sanskrit script, but still want to see this same good translation, then
see this authors The Bhagavad Gita: Victory Over Grief and Death. It has the same English translation of the entire
Bhagavad Gita within it, with the number of Sanskrit words, in transliteration, retained in the translations
greatly reduced from the Gita Reader version.
Although not specifically designed as a classroom text, the various components of this work may be used as
an aid or auxiliary to classroom instruction. On the other hand, this work specifically helps those who have
students who are interested in learning Sanskrit, but who do not have the time, materials or expertise to teach
the subject themselves, yet can act as an occasional or regular coach for these students.
If the reader is already familiar with or knowledgeable in Sanskrit, then this series provides the benefits of a
quick but thorough reference guide to the grammar of written Sanskrit for personal or teaching purposes, and
an in-depth analysis of each word, each compound-word, each sentence, and each topic of the Bhagavad
Gitain accordance with the ancient core tradition, free from any new-age accretion. Therefore nothing stands
between you and the original text. You will understand in English, what Arjuna heard in Sanskrit from Lord
Krishna.
14
 The Bhagavad Gita Dictionary Introduction
The following serves as a dictionary of the complete text of the Bhagavad Gt, including the short
statements after each of the chapters. Each entry is listed alphabetically according to the Deva-ngar
alphabet (see the following alphabetical chart). These entries are condensedsimilar to most dictionaries.
Below are some sample entries, followed by an explanation of the various features within these and other
entries. The features in these entries are cross-referenced, with their explanations numbered. All instances of
the same feature are marked, except where the feature is too numerous in which case only the first several are
marked.

prva
15
1

18
(pr-va) prn. a.
16
5

20
7 11 11
(pl. +
) (fr. > + fill 2.69: or
19 20
4.16.3:
11 11 15 18 16 11 11

} !-+ go ahead ) ! first, prior (in time or place) , of long

20 20 20 19 16 10
ago, ancient, former, eastern (where the sun first appears to rise) .
8 9 16 2 8 17
prva m. pl. ancestors, forefathers. ~! -abhysa m. -;: !:
19 16 3
previous practice (including from previous human lives, ~~6.44) .
7 2 18 20 18
~} -kam
in. in cmpd. ~ +-+ preceded by; !: with, backed by, in accordance
16 3 7 11 16 3 7 11 18
with. ~ -tara 19
cpv. a. (6.25: ) earlier.
16
~} -m in. (6.16: ) } before (in
time or place) , already.
;} pthak pt h-a[]k
1

18
56 7
in. (fr. }
15
+
18
+ suff./noun fr. !}
18
15 18
e go
wide apart) N+ separately, apart, distinct, distinctly;
18
-*+
3
severally.
4 7
;}
;} pthak pthak in. N} individually.
3
~ 4
-tva (~) n.
7 18
N
separateness, being distinct.
2
~+ -tvena
4 7 9
(inst. ~+) in. N} separately,
severally. ~ -vidha (~~) a. pl. -: various kinds.

15
 INTRODUCTION

!} ah 18
1 5 7 12
(ah) 4.P. (defective root, perf. sg. ! 5.8.5: pl. !: 2nd sg. ! 5.28:) l@
19 18 13
speak (aloud) ; 4.U. e shine. ~ pra- +m~ thoroughly speak,
teach, speak of.
! 14 1 5 7
ha (h-a) perf. 3rd sg. (of !}
19
15
l@
18
speak 5.8.5:) (he/she/it/who)
19

said, (commonly with pr. sense) says, calls.

1
A separate entry is made for every word, including each individual word in a compound. These words
are in large Deva-ngar font followed by their international transliteration. In these transliterations, where it
is possible to distinguish component words within one compound, I have hyphenated the components. For
instance, see the entry for !; , where the transliteration is given as a-kart, so the reader can visually see
that this word is made up of two components, a and kart. Also included in separate entries of this
dictionary are a few common prefixes, suffixes, and special compound forms that will assist the student in
understanding the composition of some of the words in this dictionary.
2
The full compounds, also in large Deva-ngar font followed by their international transliteration, are
listed in separate sentences under the entry for their first component word, using the symbol for
abbreviation, ~, to represent that first word, rather than continually writing it fully for each compound. The
expression in cmpd. ~ means the component word in this entry would be at the end of a compound with
another word and have the meaning within the compound as indicated in the entry. If the symbol was
reversed, ~, then the component word in this entry would be the first word in compound with another
word and have the meaning within the compound as indicated in the entry.
3
Where a word is used in the text with and without a secondary suffix or an indeclinable ending, then
these suffixes and endings are likewise listed, in large Deva-ngar font followed by their international
transliteration, under the entry for the stem word, just like and alphabetically among, the compounds.
4
Where there would be sandhi rules in play, beyond simple lengthening of the combined vowel, once the
initial word and the rest of the compound or secondary suffix are united, this is indicated in parentheses,
showing just as much of the context around the sandhi to clarify the application of the rule.

16
 INTRODUCTION
5
For most words having a separate entry, if there is extra information about their components or their
accent, then their transliteration is again given in parentheses but with their separable components
distinguished by hyphens, according to conservative derivation. A split of a long vowel or a diphthong vowel
is made if the vowels components split between two successive components of the word. These derivations
may differ in a few places with classical Paninian grammar, e.g., where a derivation is used that is said to be
based on a Vedic verbal root, which fell out of use well before Panini and thus did not find its way into the
classical grammar system. Where the classical derivation from a root seems to stretch logic or phonetics too
much, and no better root can be found, then the words derivation is not indicated. In some cases these
words, like many words in many other languages, just come into existence from common usage, instead of
from the grammarians workshop. These may have come from local dialects, for example. In giving the
transliteration of words within parentheses, a character in square brackets may be included that indicates a
character which is elided due to various rules regarding the joining of suffixes.
6
Those words that normally have a stress accent that is based on a Vedic accent, noted in Macdonells or
Sir Monier-Williams dictionaries, or that is easily assumed from the words grammatical derivation, e.g., the
accented past participle suffix, are so marked in their transliteration in parentheses. As noted in the preceding
grammar, for various reasons, the accent of compound or of a stem plus a secondary suffix may shift. As this
is often highly contextual, only a few of these instances have been shown. Note that an accent may also shift
in the declined form of a word.
7
Next follows in italics the words part of speech, e.g., 1.P. for 1st class parasmai-pada root, or a.
for adjective. For brevity purposes, liberal use of abbreviations have been made. They are listed in the
beginning of this book to assist in this area.
8
Where only a gender is given, such as m., then the word is a substantive of that gender. Some
substantives may take two genders, in which, if the meaning is the same, both genders are simply listed
together, such as m.n., where the more common gender is put first.
9
Some of these substantives are used in the Bhagavad Gt in the plural, where contextually this affects
their definition. This is indicated in italic with pl. and the following definition reflects the plural (or dual)
sense.

17
 INTRODUCTION
10
Certain words are either an adjective or a substantive. In those cases where it benefits the student, both
are given, even though only one may appear in the Bhagavad Gt, and are usually separated in separate
sentences in the entry with both in large Deva-ngar font followed by their international transliteration.
11
Grammatical comments in entries are always put in italics. Occasionally, grammatical rules from The
Aruna Sanskrit Grammar Reference used to form a word or indicate its syntax are shown for an interesting or
uncommon formation or usage. These rule numbers are in a prescribed format, e.g. 4.16.3: indicates the
third sub-rule under rule number 112 in the Grammar Reference.
12
If the entry is for a root, its various conjugational and participial forms as are met with in the Bhagavad
Gt are shown next, and are given in the same order as the grammatical forms are presented in the Grammar
Reference. Usually only one representative form is given, appropriate to each tense and mood used in our text.
The student is to assume the listed form is the 3rd person singular unless specified otherwise. The exception is
the imperative mood, where the 2nd person singular should naturally be assumed.
13
Similar to compound words, if a root is employed as a verb or a participle in the Bhagavad Gt and is
compounded with a prefix, then the prefix (or the combined prefix) is listed, in large Deva-ngar font
followed by their international transliteration, under the entry for the root to which it is prefixed.
14
Where the student may find it difficult to identify the root due to the transformation it may undergo in
verb formation, or because of its prefix, then an additional separate entry is often given for the full verb form
with prefix. Although, this was usually done only for the verbs in the second chapter of the Bhagavad Gita
(as a help during the lessons in The Aruna Coursebook). All participles with their prefixes attached are listed in
their separate alphabetical entry.
15
If the entry is for a verbal form, participle, adjective, or noun, where the root from which it is derived is
clear and is informative, then that root is also given, with the radical symbol preceding it, e.g., .
16
A definition, or more usually a synonym, is given, first in Saskta, if a ready definition/synonym is
available, then the same definition is given in English (specifically, in American English). If there are any
Saskta words in the English version of the definitions, they are only given only in their international
transliteration. This should visually help the student know that this Saskta word is still part of the current
definition, and not a new synonym/definition. If a one word Saskta synonym is available it is given
without being declined (as is the custom, adjectives are shown in their masculine form).
18
 INTRODUCTION
17
If a multi-word synonymous Saskta expression or a definition is given then it is fully declined to show
the grammatical relationships between the words used, though, to help the beginning student, sandhi rules
usually havent been applied. These synonyms and synonymous expressions may have their compounded
component words separated by a hyphen. This hyphenation is added only where it would not interfere in the
way the Deva-ngar script is written. In the above, -;: is a compounded word where a hyphen can
be inserted without interfering with the Deva-ngar writing of the word ;:, whereas hyphenation would
not be inserted in a compound such as !+ because it would split the vowel sandhi. In this latter
example, I have avoided writing !-!+ since the hyphen would make the expression be pronounced
differently, namely alpa-arthe instead of alprthe. Assuming that the reader may be familiar with most vowel
sandhis, but not be too familiar with the vast vocabulary of Saskta, this kind of hyphenation of long
Saskta expressions can help, without interfering with the correct pronunciation of these compounds.
18
In defining verbal roots and many indeclinables, the more conventional definition format has been
employed, using the locative case to express in the sense of (7.13.1.g:). For many common Saskta words,
a broad range of meanings have been given, without being exhaustive; for other words, their meanings have
been limited to their sense within the Bhagavad Gt.
19
The English definitions often are expounded with phrases in parenthesis that may or may not be
expressed in the preceding Saskta definition. These parenthetical statements are meant to extrapolate
beyond the literal meaning to give either their contextual senses (often with the text verse number, if highly
contextual), fuller accounts of each word, or alternate expressions. Where there is explanation far beyond the
literal definition, that explanation is put in italics, and may be put in a separate sentence instead of in
parenthesis.
20
For those words with multiple meanings, the meanings which are alike have been separated by commas,
and less alike meanings by semi-colons. This separation is often quite arbitrary, given the natural plasticity of
the senses of many Saskta words. Often multiple, like-meaning Saskta or English synonyms are given
just to help mutually limit their range of meanings to the appropriate sense of the word being defined. Where
a contextual meaning is not the basic meaning of individual word, a series of synonyms have usually been
given that first starts with the basic meaning of the word and finally works it way to the appropriate
contextual meaning, exemplifying how the basic sense of the word is morphed into its actual contextual
sense. In most cases, the meanings of compounds are necessarily contextual.
19
 ALPHABET
Devangar alphabet with international transliteration, sound, and location. (Alphabetical order)
Vowels Consonants (continuation col. 1)
Initial Medial Translit. Sounds Like Location Initial or Medial Translit. Sounds Like Location
! a o in son
guttural
c ch in catch
! o in bottle ch chh in catch him
" i e in be
palatal
j j ge in hedge palatal
# e in bee jh geh in hedgehog
$ u o in move
labial
n in cringe
$ oo in moon z t in but
& ; rh in rhythm
cerebral
h th in but how
( > rh -elongated d in god cerebral
_ ? le in table dental h dh in godhead
% + e a in tape guttural- m n in under
%+ e ai y in my palatal t t in cat
!+ + o oe in toe
guttural-labial
th th in cat hair
!e e au ow in now d d in mad dental
Consonants dh dh in madhouse
Initial or Medial Translit. Sounds Like Location n n in numb
guttural or
: half an h labial p p in loop
n in French: conforms to
bon preceding vowel ph ph in loop-hole
k ck in block b b in rob palatal
ckh in
kh blockhead bh bh in rob him
g g in log guttural m m in much
gh in
gh log-hut y y in young palatal
ng in song r r in drama cerebral
20
 ALPHABET
Devangar alphabet with international transliteration, sound, and location (continued)
Consonants (continuation col. 2)
Initial or Medial Translit. Sounds Like Location
l l in luck dental There is a tendency to slightly aspirate initial
v in avert/ labial-dental/ mutes, such as k, t, and p in English. In
v (w) w in Swami bilabial Saskta , initial nonaspirate mutes (k, g, c, j, , , t,
/ (sh) sh in ship palatal d, p, and b) are more like these sounds at the end
of isolated English wordswhere the aspiration is
(sh) sh in bushel cerebral
mostly cut off.
s s in sit dental
h soft h in hum guttural

21
 (UpasanaYoga.org) GITA DICTIONARY !; a-kta
! a prn. stem for "} this (4.8:), also used in forming maker, not an author, ;} !-: absence
some particles, e.g., ! a-tra in this. of doership.

! a neg. pcl. in cmpd. ~ 6.33: before cons. (!} before !} a-karman (a-kar-man) n. (fr. ; m+
vowels) !-+ not, absence of, lacking, ~ do) !-m not doing, inaction;
without, less, free from; +l free from (i.e., actionlessness. !
a-karma in cmpd. ~,
even though not withoutstill not affected by, (6.29:). ~;}
-kt a. (6.24:) + not
indifferent to; also unconnected with as in one who doing action.
awakens is unconnected with what happened in dream, ! a-kalmaa (a-kalmaa) a. -
whose subjective happenings belong to another order of j free from impurities (such as karmic merit
reality than the objective waking world); ++ or demerit, etc.).
opposed to, opposite of; !+ other than, un; ! a-kra (a-kr-a) m. (fr. ; m+ do) !-
!+ inadequately; :+ difficult; !++ in the " m: the sound or letter a (!).
sense of derision, meaning bad, wrong.
! a-krya (a-kr-ya) pot. ps. pt. (of ; m+
!@ aa (a a) m. (2.104:) %-+ a part, a do 6.8:) !- not to be done. ! a-
fraction, (in regard to a partless whole, an !@ would krya n. !--} misdeed.
be) an aspect (i.e., one of the ways in which a
whole may be viewed or contemplated,
! a-krti (a-krt-i) f. (fr. ` @+
~~15.7).
proclaim) !-} ill-fame, dishonor. ~
-kara a. !-@ + producing ill-fame;
!@ au (au) m. (2.104:) m ray of light. @ + not producing honor.
~} -mat a. !@: : ! ! having ! a-kuala (a-ku-a-la) a. ( a grass
rays; m. the sun.
used for sacred rituals fr. } @++ encircle) !-
!; a-kart (a-kar-t) m. (fr. ; m+
do) l improper, !-+ inauspicious.
: not a doer, not an agent of action, not a
!; a-kta (a-k-ta) pp. (of ; m+ do) not
23
!; a-ktsna GITA DICTIONARY (UpasanaYoga.org)

done, unaccomplished, unprepared; not doing. ! aka (ak-a) m. (fr. !} e reach) -

~!} -tman a. !-;: !-@;: ! a die used in gambling, playing
!:-m@ + with an unprepared mind. dice or other forms of gambling; : :
~p -buddhitva n. ; p: + an axis or chariot axle, also a wheel; m.n. "
being one with an unprepared mind. sense organ, in cmpd. ~ } (!) eye.
!;
a-ktsna (a-kt-sna) a. (fr. ;} ++ ! a-kaya (a-kay-a) a. (fr. + decline)
surround) -: incomplete. ~} -vid a. !-
does not decrease, does not (wax
(6.24:) !-; whose knowledge is or) wane, unending.
incomplete (without self-knowledge [!- ! a-kara (a-kar-a) a. (fr. } + flow)
]). " !-: !- imperishable.
! a-kriya (a-kri-ya) a. (fr. ; m+ do ! a-kara m. # the Lord. ! a-kara
2.70:) !-: ! !-: : +- n. !--m letter of alphabet, syllable; }
: who has stopped doing (other) (the imperishable) reality (called brahman).
practices or duties (not involving a ritual fire, ~+ -brahma-yoga a. !-- "
such as prayful disciplines and charity, ~~6.1). +: m@ whose topic is the imperishable
!+ a-krodha (a-krodh-a) m. (fr. } ++ be reality. ~p -samudbhava a. #} p:
angry) + $} resolution of anger $: born of the Lord.
(accomplished by inquiring into and management of ones ! aki (ak -i) n. (fr. !} e reach) (f. #)
mechanical thinking based on ones history of built-up + eye.
notions of limitations, which get triggered by almost any ! a-khila (a-khila) a. !- without a gap,
current event, ~~16.2). entire, all, complete, in entirety.
!+ a-kledya (a-kled-ya) pot. ps. pt. (of cs. } ! a-gata (a-ga[m]-ta) pp. (of } m+ go
!- + become wet 6.8:) cannot be made wet. 6.6:) not gone. ~! -asu (a-gata-asu) a. :
24
 (UpasanaYoga.org) GITA DICTIONARY ! a-cira
!: m: }
from whom the lifes body; ! limb, member; !- secondary
breath(s) is not (yet) gone, !--m not (yet) part; $ means, resource.
dead. ! a-cara (a-car-a) a. (fr. } e move)
! agni (a[]g-ni) m. (fr. !w} e
move " not moving, what does not move.
[upward]) j fire; !-+ the deity that is ! a-cala (a-cal-a) a. (fr. } + shake)
fire; !- one of the five basic elements " does not move, immovable, still,
called fire (tpa-praka [heat and light], i.e., steady, firm. ~ -pratiha a. !-
energy). ! whose base is unmoving.
! agra (a[]g-ra) n. (fr. !w} e move ! a-cpala (a-cp-al[a]-a) n. (fr. }
[upward]) $- top part, tip, point; - + tremble) !- +j+ m-
front part, beginning; main thing. } !-;} absence of physical
!} agh 10.U. -m+ go wrong. agitation (meaningless activity of speech, hands,
! agha (agh-a) n. (fr. !} -m+ go wrong) feet, etc.).
karmic demerit; ! transgression. ! a-cintya (a-cint-ya) pot. ps. pt. (of }
~!} -yus a. @ j@ whose life is ;} mentally reflect upon) +-} !-
(mostly the result of and productive of) karmic +: cannot be an object of the mind, not an
demerit. object of thought. ~* -rpa a. ! *@
!w} ak 1.. m+ mark. @ + whose form cannot be
!w aka (ak-a) m. (fr. !w} m+ mark) comprehended.
mark, sign; proximity, side, lap; - ! a-cira (a-ci-ra) a. (fr. wm+ gather)
+ an act in a play. !--} existing for a short period of
time, momentary; : no delay, immediate.
!w} ag 1.P. e move. ~%m -ea (inst. ~+m) in. } shortly; !}
!w aga (a g-a) n. (fr. !w} e move) +
25
!+} a-cetas GITA DICTIONARY (UpasanaYoga.org)

immediately. ! a-ja (a-ja) a. (fr. !++ know

!+} a-cetas (a-cet-as) a. (fr. } + 6.24.1:) !-} ignorant; !-+}
understand) !-+} non-discerning. non-discerning.

!+ a-cchedya (a-cched-ya) pot. ps. pt. (of ! a-jna (a-j-ana) n. (fr. !++
} e-m+ sever 6.8: & 2.60:) cannot be cut. know) } not knowledge, ignorance, !-

! a-cyuta (a-cyu-ta) m. (fr. pp. of e + lack of discernment, not

discerning reality; -+ what is opposed to
waver) : : ! (Lord
knowledge, --+ an obstacle to the
Ka) one who is free from change.
means for gaining knowledge. ~j
-ja a. (6.24.3:)
!j} aj 1.P. e move; +m+ throw, drive. !-+} j: born of a lack of discernment.
!j a-ja (a-ja) a. (fr. j} $} be born ~+ -vimohita a. !-+ } !-
6.24.3:) j+ " not born, unborn, not an +-} !N: become variously lacking in
effect. !j a-ja (aj-a) m. (fr. !j} +m+ drive) discernment due to ignorance. ~
goat. -sambhta a. !-} !-+} j: born of
!j a-jaya (a-jay-a) m. (fr. j + be a lack of discernment. ~+
-sammoha m.
victorious) j: non-victory, loss. !--: +: !-+: delusion caused
by ignorance.
!j a-jasra (a- jas-ra) a. (fr. j} + be
exhausted Vedic) continuous, +- !} ac 1.P. e go; j+ worship.
uninterrupted. ~} -m (acc.) in. } continually. !} aj 7.P. (pp. !l 6.6: & 2.81:) le (+)
!j} a-jnat (a-j-n-at) pr. pt. (of be manifest; ++ anoint; !@-+ adorn. ~
!++ know 5.23.2:) j} not knowing. vi- (~) be manifest, etc.
!j ajina (aj-[a]-in a) n. } hide, skin (of an ! ajali (aj-ali) m. (fr. !} le
be
animal). manifest) @-- cupping the two hands

26
 (UpasanaYoga.org) GITA DICTIONARY ! atisvapna
together (in supplicationacknowledging the from }-): with suffix redundantly added to
divinity manifest as the other). unusual final !}) a. (fr. } + be hot) !-
!m} a 1.P. + sound. @ : who has no prayerful
discipline.
!m} a 4.. m+ breathe.
!m} ayas (a--yas) cpv. a. (fr. !m} sound !} atas (a-tas) in. (6.19:) !} from this,
because of this, : therefore. !: $}
or breathe, or fr. !m small 6.25:) smaller,
ata rdhvam in. thereupon. !: } ata
subtler.
param in. hereafter.
!m au (a-u) a. (fr. !m} + sound or m+ ! ati in. prefix and in cmpd. ~ !+ very,
breathe) small, subtle (in two aspects: anta-
exceedingly, too; $ over, beyond.
stha [small and hence in-most, central, elemental,
basic, or substrative]; and dur-vijeya [difficult to ! atinca (ati-nc-a) a. (} is weak base of
grasp or understand]). !m
au n. -m } downward 3.25:) ! !:-: too low.
the smallest perceptible quantity. ! atimna (ati-mn-a) m. (fr. }
!} at 1.P. -+ go continuously, wander. } think) !@ : exaggerated
! a-tattva (a-tat-tva) n. not as it is, self-opinion.
} non-reality. ~!} -arthavat a. - ! atimnit (ati-mn-i[n]-t[a]-) f. (fr.
: !: : : ! +-: ! " }} think) !@ : !: :
} } without truth (i.e., + : ! p: ! an
without knowing a thing as it is). exaggerated self-opinion, demanding respect
from others (see ntimnit).
! a-tandrita (a-tandr-i-ta) pp. (of den.
6.6: fr. ! 5.43:) not wearied, not !+ atiricyate (ati-ric-ya-te) ps. pr. 3sg. rd

lazy. (of } :m+ leave) (he/she/it/who) is

worse than (w/acc., abl.).
! a-tapaska (a-tap-as-ka) (6.39: -
27
! atisvapna GITA DICTIONARY (UpasanaYoga.org)

! atisvapna (ati-svap-na) a. (fr. } + ! atyartha (aty-ar-tha) in cmpd. ~ in. (fr.

lie down) ! : who sleeps too much. & m+ acquire) !+ very, absolutely. ~}
~ -la a. ! @ @ who has a -m in. (7.8.8:) !+ very, absolutely.
habit of sleeping too much. !} atyanat (ati-a-n-at) pr. pt. (of !}
! atta (ati-i-ta) pp. (of " e go/reach), +j+ eat) ! !} overeating.
! : gone beyond, out of reach, !} a-tygin (a-tyg-in) a. (fr. j}
exceed(ed), transcended; ; passed away, died. disown, renounce 2.82:) !-j not
!+
! attya (ati-i-tya) in. pt. (of " e go/ renouncing; !-j- one who does not
reach 6.9:) ! going beyond, crossing over, (cannot) renounce, a non-renunciate.
exceeding, transcending. ! atyucchrita (aty-uc-chri-ta) pp. (of
! atndriya (ati-ind-r[a]-iya) a. (fr. "} !} ! $+ be too lofty 2.24: & 2.45:
+

have great power) "-+

e+ & 2.56:) ! $: too elevated.
beyond (not within) the scope of the senses. !m atyua (aty-u-a) a. (fr. $} + burn)
! atva (ati-iva) in. !} exceedingly. ! $m: too spicy hot.
!p atyadbhuta (aty-ad[i]-bhu-ta) a. (irreg. ! atra (a-tra) in. (6.19:) !} in this, here,
form fr. ! + ! + } be 2.43:) ! with reference to this.
: very unprecedented, very extraordinary. ! atha (a-tha) in. (6.19:) !+ (immediate
! atyanta (aty-ant-a) a. (fr. !} + succession) thereafter, then; !+ (what is
bind, limit) ! to the end, complete. ~}
-m in. begun) now; + but, if, !+ now if
(7.8.8:) !} to the end, completely; } (initiating a supposition); + and; w+
surpassing, absolute. invoking auspiciousness. ! $atha u (!+) !
! atyaya (aty-ay-a) m. (fr. " e go/reach) and also, and even, ! then, etc. ! +}atha
!: crossing, stepping over. cet now if, but if. !
atha v (also
28
 (UpasanaYoga.org) GITA DICTIONARY ! a-dharma
written !) + otherwise, on the other !+ a-dea-kla (a-de-a-kl-a) m. (+ fr.
hand, else, or. } + grant, !@ + what is granted
!m a-dakia (a-dak-ia) a. (fr. } + space/accomodation, fr. } w+
be suitable, be skillful 2.92:) -+@ m: count) !-+: !-m-+: !-: m-++
w@ +@ @ m : without !-: the wrong (inauspicious) place and
(proper) daki (wealth) (i.e., property, cattle, the wrong (inauspicious) time.
money, etc.) given out appropriate to the !p adbhuta (ad[i]-bhu-ta) a. (irreg. form fr. !
function (of each of the officiating priests and + be 2.43:) : unprecedented,
other brhmaas) to complete a ritual. extraordinary, ! wonderous.
! a-dambhitva (a-dambh-i-tva) n. (fr. ! adya (a-dya) in. today; "} now.
} + deceive) ---m@ @ !+ a-droha (a-droh-a) m. (fr. } j@}
: absence of hypocrisy (falsely
declaring bear malice or hatred) -j@ absence of
my virtues, demanding that others know my malice.
virtues that I dont have), the absence of the
imposition (adhysa) of hypocrisy upon myself.
!+< a-dve (a-dve-) a. (fr. } !-e not
be pleased) + who does not become
!} adas (a-d-as) prn. n. (m.f. !e, m. pl. ! displeased.
4.9:) } ;}
that, he, she, itgenerally
! adhama (adha-ma) spv. a. ; low,
referring to what is remote.
lowest.
! a-dhya (a-dh-ya) pot. ps. pt. (of }
! a-dharma (a-dhar-ma) m. (fr. ; m+
-m+ burn 6.8:) cannot be burnt. sustain) !- what is not to be done,
!; a-da (a-d-a) pp. (of ;} +m+ see 2.85:) corruption (not in keeping with the natural
unseen. ~ -prva a. @ ;: not seen order of the universe), mal-adaptive action (not
before. in keeping with the circumstances); -
29
!} adhas GITA DICTIONARY (UpasanaYoga.org)

action that yields ppa (unfavorable results); ! adhika (adhi-ka) a. !l better,

the unfavorable result itself. ~! superior, surpassing, greater. ~ -tara cpv. a.
-abhibhava m. !- !: j: (6.25:) ! better, etc.
overwhelming of corruption, being ! adhikra (adhi-kr-a) m. (fr. ; m+
overwhelmed by corruption. do) !m () authority, control, the
!} adhas (adhas) in. (6.16:) + low, down; ability to choose and make the choice fructify;
; lower, inferior. ~ -kha (~:~) a. + eligibility, entitlement, right; !
!: ;@ : whose branches are heading; m chapter, topic.
inferior (i.e., jagat [the varied universe, the seen !e adhidaiva (adhi-daiv-[a]-a) a. (fr. }
effects within time and space]effects are e shine) e !;: centered on (existing
always viewed as inferior to their material cause in) deities (i.e., the basis of the deities). !e
[my], ~~15.1). adhidaiva n. !e the chief deity.
! adhi in. prefix intensifying the meaning of the root !e adhidaivata (adhi-daiv-a-t[]-a) a. (fr.
to which it is prefixed; $ above, over } e shine) e !;: centered on
(positionally); !+ fully, completely; !+ (existing in) deities (i.e., the basis of the deities).
besides, in addition; over, above (in the sense of !e adhidaivata n. -+ the chief
!+ authority or connection, %++ power, or deity (~~8.4).
+ ownership); in -Ys (declinable cmpds. ! adhipa (adhi-p[]-a) m. (fr. m+
6.36:) ~ it may also have the special sense of
protect 6.24.1:) protector, ruler.
primary, as well as the sense of the locative case
(existing) in, on, concerning, centering on; in !- ! adhibhta (adhi-bh-ta) a. (fr.
--Ys (n. sg. indeclinable cmpds. 6.41:) ~ } be) !;: centered on (existing
it often has the special sense of !; with in) beings (i.e., the basis of beings). !
reference to, concerning, being centered on. adhibhta n. j} the world, any existent thing
30
 (UpasanaYoga.org) GITA DICTIONARY ! a-dhruva
(~~8.4). !@ +} !;: centered on (existing in)
! adhiyaja (adhi-yaj-a) a. (fr. j} +- the body/oneself (i.e., the basis of oneself).
j} worship 2.87:) } !;: centered on ! adhytma n. } the
(existing in) rituals (i.e., the basis of ritual). (innermost) self (myself, I), } reality
! adhiyaja m. + the Lord (centered on / existing in this body, i.e., the
(~~8.4). pratyag-tman/jva, ~~8.3). ~+}
-cetas n.
! adhihna (adhi-h-ana) n. (fr. ! !:-m} a mind centered on I
(pratyag-tman), a mind centered on oneself (as
-;e remain 2.101:) place, locus,
! abode; !m substratum, substance.
brahman, ~~8.3). ~ -jna-
nityatva n. !-@ @ !-@
! adhihya (adhi-h-ya) in. pt. (of } -: } being always centered
-;e remain 2.101:) -; on knowledge of the I (tman, ~~13.11).
wielding, in command of, presiding over ~ -nitya a. --*++ :
(w/acc.). : always focused on the (limitless) self,
! adhyaka (adhy-ak-a) m. (fr. !} always focused on reality. ~ -vidy f.
reach) } eye-witness, the witnessing
e ! !; knowledge centered on I
conscious being; !+ overseer, presiding (tman). ~ -sajita a. !: "
presence. ! !;: !-+-:
! adhyayana (adhy-ay-ana) n. (fr. ! + !: known as (adhytma-vidy
" study) study (esp. of Veda). [knowledge]) centered on the self (the
distinction between myself and the what is not
! adhytma (adhy-t-ma[n]) a. (fr. !}
myself).
-+go continuously, wander, within
Upaniad tradition where precise meaning overrides ! adhyya (adhy-y-a) m. (fr. ! + "
phonetics it is said to be fr. !} + pervade) study) study (esp. of Veda); chapter,
31
! a-dhruva GITA DICTIONARY (UpasanaYoga.org)

section of a treatise. : without limitation (from

! a-dhruva (a-dhruv-a) a. (fr. e+ be dimension, from time, or from other objects),
firm 2.67:) !- not long-lasting; !-: !- endless, limitless, boundless, w
uncertain. countless, innumerable. !
an-anta m.
(Lord Ka) used as an epithet of the Lord; + the
!} an 2.P. m+ breathe, live. name of the thousand-headed serpent upon
!} an neg. pcl. in cmpd. ~ 6.33: before vowels (! whose coils Lord Viu reclines. ~
-bhu a.
before cons.) !-+ not, absence of, lacking, ~ !: : whose arms are countless.
without, less, free from; +l free from (i.e., ~* -rpa a. ! *m ! whose
even though not without, still not affected by, forms are endless. ~j
-vijaya m. (!:
indifferent to; also unconnected with as in one who j: of countless victories, or !:
awakens is unconnected with what happened in dream, j: whose victory is endless) the
whose subjective happenings belong to another order of name of Yudhi-hiras conch. ~
-vrya a.
reality than the objective waking world); ++ !@ @ whose power is limitless.
opposed to, opposite of; !+ other than, un; ~ -vrymita-vikrama a.
!+ inadequately; :+ difficult; !++ in the !@ @ @ !-: : :
sense of derision, meaning bad. who has infinite power and infinite
! an-agha (an-agh-a) a. (fr. !} -m+ prowess.
go wrong) - (relatively) sinless (i.e., ! an-antara (an-ant-a-ra) a. (fr. !}
virtuous), !- without vice; -l free +
bind, limit) without interval,
from vice. ! an-agha m. (Arjuna) one immediate, next. ~} -m in. (6.16:) :
without (i.e., very little) vice, sinless one. immediately.
! an-anta (an-ant-a) a. (fr. !} + ! an-anya (an-anya) prn. a. ! no
bind, limit) ! !: +: +: : other, undivided, complete; !-; not
32
 (UpasanaYoga.org) GITA DICTIONARY !} an-anat
separate (from Me, the Lord, ~~9.22), no !w: l-+: % !--m:,
other (outside of Me, the Lord, ~~11.54). !} : !} %
~+} -cetas a. !-+ : whose !} % : , j ;+ !} % j
mind (sees) no other. ~j}
-bj a. (6.24:) " : lack of identification (a
!-l: } being one whose seeks (Me, the type of attachment characterized by identifying
Lord, ~~9.30) as not separate. ~}
-manas with another, such as when another is happy or
a. !-+ : whose mind (sees) no sad then I am happy or sad, or while another
other. ~+
-yoga m. !-; vision of survives or dies I survive or will die).
identity in which there is no other (i.e., no other ! an-abhisandhya (an-abhi-san-
entitywhich is tattva-jna [knowledge of dh-ya) in. pt. (of m+
hold 2.55:) $+
reality]; or, no other goalwhich is a mature not anticipating, not requiring, not expecting.
understanding of the human condition called
viveka-vairgya [discernment and objectivity]).
!+ an-abhisneha (an-abhi-sneh-a) a. (fr.
} ++ cling like oil, e be affectionate) -
!+ an-apeka (an-apa-k-a) a. (fr. #} j without binding attraction.
+ see 2.8:) ++-- !+ ! an-ala (an-ala) m. ! !@ :
:;: who has no dependence (i.e., no
+ " (!:) fire, that for which there is
requirement/anticipation towards the
never enough (fuel).
relationship between the body, senses, and
objects for gaining happiness, ~~12.16). !+} an-avalokayat (an-ava-lok-ay[a]-
at) pr. pt. (of cs. +} !++ experience)
!+ an-apekya (an-apa-k-ya) in. pt. (of
!+} !-} not looking.
#} + see 2.8:) !+ ; not regarding,
disregarding. ! an-avpta (an-ava-p-ta) pp. (of !}
+ obtain) !- not accomplished.
!w an-abhivaga (an-abhi-vag-a)
m. (fr. } w+ embrace 2.92: & 2.82:) !} an-anat (an-a-n-at) pr. pt. (of !}
33
! an-asya GITA DICTIONARY (UpasanaYoga.org)

+j+ eat) !} not eating. %} !} !} an-tman (an-t-man) a. (fr. !}

ekntam an-anat !} !} not eating -+ go continuously, wander) !-:
fully, under eating. j j--m-w: who has not
! an-asya (an-asy[]-a) a. (6.39:) !- (mastered) oneself (this body-mind complex).
j not being cynical (finding fault in virtues). !} an-tman m. ! what is not I.
!} an-asyat (an-asy[]-[a]-at) pr. pt. (of ! an-di (an--d[]-i) a. (fr. ! + -
den. fr. ! 5.43:) !@ m+ ++m} !-} m+ take in hand, commence) !-
not being cynical (finding fault in virtues), !- beginningless, uncaused, not a cause. ~
-tva n.
} not blaming (e.g., teacher, fellow students, (~} abl. 7.11.1:) (because) it is beginningless
yourself). (~~13.31). ~}
-mat a. !: ! !
! an-asyu (an-asy[]-u) a. ! !@ having no beginning. ~
-madhynta a.
m+ ++m} who is not cynical (finding fault !: @ !: + having no
beginning, middle, or end.
in virtues), who does not blame (e.g., teacher,
fellow students, him/herself). ! an-maya (an-m-aya) a. (fr. !} ++
be ill, or an--may-a ! + @} destroy)
!@} an-aha-vdin (an-aha-vd-[a]-
- without affliction; -l free
in) a. !@ " (lit. who does not claim I
from affliction.
[did this, or this is mine!]) without egoism.
!w an-ahakra (an-aha-kr-a) m.
! an-rambha (an--rambh-a) m. (fr.
} ++ undertake) +: not
!w (as
a value) absence of arrogance
(presenting oneself in the reflection of some
undertaking (an activity); !} not
performing.
glory in your possession); (as a result of knowledge)
absence of the judgments I am only this ! an-rya (an-r-ya) a. (likely pot. ps. pt. of
much and this is mine. & m+ attain, or an-r-y[a]-a fr. ! meaning

34
 (UpasanaYoga.org)
+ best) !: e: not of or for a person of
the Vedic culture; !-@; uncultured. ~j
-jua a. e j: not acceptable of or for
a person of the Vedic culture, not found in a
person of the Vedic culture.
!; an-vtti (an--vt-ti) f. (fr. ! + ;}
e return) } no return, no re-birth.
!} a-nin (a-n-[a]-in) a. (fr. } !-
+ be lost) !-} unperishing,
indestructible, imperishable.
GITA DICTIONARY ! anukamp
!+ a-nirdeya (a-nir-de-ya) pot. ps. pt. (of
} !+ point out 6.8:) +@ +
cannot be described (i.e., delimited by words).
!mm a-nirvia (a-nir-vi-a) pp. (of }
+ attain 6.6: & 2.92:) find, +- (-
j) without indifference. ~+} -cetas n.
mm@ +: a mind that is not indifferent (i.e.,
that is committed).
! an-ia (an-i-a) pp. (of "} !+m+ seek
2.88:) what is not desired, undesirable.

! an-rita (an--ri-ta) pp. (of ! anka (an-ka) n. (fr. !} m+ breathe)

!+
depend on) !-: without face, !- front; + army.
depending on (w/acc.). ! an-vara (an --vara) a. (fr. #} +
!+ a-niketa (a-ni-ket-a) a. (fr. } + rule) --+: ! #:
know) +: !: : : + + " for whom there is no Lord (no law,
who has no permanent dwelling place, i.e., does no necessitator connected with dharma and
not own a house (or does not have ownership a-dharma), god-less.
towards a house he/she owns). ! anu in. used as prefix, in cmpd. ~ and as
!} an-icchat (an-icch-[a]-at) pr. pt. (of separable adv. in the following senses: } after,
" !+m+ seek 5.17.3:) !} !-} not behind; + with, along with; + subordinate,
wishing, not choosing. inferior; + having a part or share; ;e
! a-nitya (a-ni-tya) a. (6.27:) ! repetition (mostly in cmpd.); !} towards,
temporary; - time-bound. before, at; + in orderly succession; ;+ like;

35
! anukamp GITA DICTIONARY (UpasanaYoga.org)

!*+ in conformity with, following. m} !-:-: not agitating (to other living
! anukamp (anu-kamp-[a]-) f. (fr. beings).
} + tremble, ! + } tremble along !} an-upakrin (an-upa-kr-in) a. (fr.
with another) compassion. ~!}
-artham ; m+ do) (someone) not
in. (6.32:) : !} out of compassion. capable of a (return) favor; -@
! anugraha (anu-grah-a) m. (fr. } +: without regard to (someones) ability to
grasp) gracious gift (to, but usually
$+ (return) favor.
from, the Lord), blessing, ! a favor. !N anuprapanna (anu-pra-pan-na) pp. (of
!} anucintayat (anu-cint-ay[a]-at) pr. } e go 6.6:) ! follow (pp. with active
pt. (of } ;} mentally reflect on) meaning).
++} !} reflecting on the ! anubandha (anu-bandh-a) m. (fr. }
teaching (of the scripture and the teacher). @+bind) connection; flow,
! an-uttama (an-ut-tama) spv. a. (un- continuity; ; !} consequence (of
topped, no beyond) !-+ very best, what happened before), !+ end. -in ~"}
beyond which there is nothing greater. (~}) a. usually at the end of a cmpd. ~ p
connected (with), connecting (to).
! anudarana (anu-dar-ana) n. (fr. ;}
+m+ see) !+ seeing. ! anubhva (anu-bhv-a) m. (fr.
} be) $+ consumption; !+j} power,
! an-udvigna (an-ud-vig-na) pp. (of j} } dignity, } honor.
+ be agitated 6.6: irreg., i.e., 2.82:) :
not shaken, not affected. ~}
-manas a. !- !; anumant (anu-man-t) a. or m. (fr. }
@ @ whose mind is not affected. } think) !: +:
!+ the one who gives permission (who is
an-udvegakara (an-ud-veg-a-kar-a)
completely satisfied in the acts of those who are
a. (fr. j} + be afraid, + be agitated 2.82:)
36
 (UpasanaYoga.org) GITA DICTIONARY !+ an-eka
performing action), the permitter. [spread about] from the tap root, they reach adhas
!* anurpa (anu-rp-a) a. -;
in the [downwards], meaning in the world of humans and
same form; + fit for, suitable to (w/gen.), karman, ~~15.2).
! in keeping with !} anusmarat (anu-smar-[a]-at) pr. pt. (of
!+ anulepana (anu-lep-ana) n. (fr. } ;} remember, !+ contemplate)
$++anoint) !+ anointing; + !} contemplating, remembering.
ointment. !+ an-eka (an-eka) a. (not one) many,
!+ anuvidhyate (anu-vi-dh-ya-te) ps. countless (esp. in reference to a limitless being).
pr. 3rd sg. (of m+ hold 5.37.1:) (he/she/it/ ~!p -adbhuta-darana a. !+
who) follows (in the wake of) (w/acc., gen.). !p } in which are
!; anusit (anu-s-i-t) a. (fr. } countless amazing sights. ~ -citta-
vibhrnta a. !+e: e: @ : variously
rule) ; ruler.
deluded by many (such) thoughts. ~j@p
!+} anuocitum (anu-oc-i-tum) inf. (of -janma-sasiddha a. !++ j $+
} :+ sorrow) to grieve. @p: accomplished (by accumulated effort)
!o+ anuajjate (anu-ajj-a-te) pr. 3rd sg. (of after many births. ~m -divybharaa
} @+ attach 2.101:) (he/she/it/who) is a. !+ !m } in which are
attached. countless celestial ornaments. ~ -dh in.
! anusantata (anu-san-ta[n]-ta) pp. (of (6.19:) !++m in manifold ways.
} + stretch 6.6: & 2.55:) ! spread ~+ -bhdara-vaktra-netra a.
about (in the imagery of the tree of the universe, pictured !++ : $m m +m as
as the sacred fig-tree [the Pipal tree, not the Banyan tree having countless arms, bellies, mouths, and eyes.
which has aerial roots descending from its branches], ~ -vaktracnayana a. !+
there are secondary roots, described as anusantatni m } in which are countless
37
!} ant GITA DICTIONARY (UpasanaYoga.org)

mouths and eyes. ~m

-vara a. !++ m: (~: 6.24.1: & 2.24: & 2.28:) a. !} "
*m having countless appearances. exists within.
!} ant 1.P. + bind, limit. ! antara (anta-ra) prn. a. ! other,
! anta (ant-a) m. (sometimes n.) (fr. !} + another; inner. ! antara n.
bind, limit) } border, limit, end; interval, separation, + difference, distinction;
conclusion, m resolution, outcome, ~% ~}
middle, interior. -e (loc. ~+) -m (acc.)
determination; ! cessation, m death; in. + within, in between (with gen., loc., or in
$ alleviation. ~ -kla m. !+ m+ cmpd. ~).
: the time of death. ~ -gata a. (come to ! antika (ant-[a]-ika) a. (fr. !} +
an end) m exhausted, - mostly bind, limit) near, at hand. !
finished. ~}
-vat a. !: ! ! having an -antika n. nearness, vicinity. ~% -e (~+
end, limited. loc.) in. + near, close at hand.
!}antar (antar) in. prefix + within, !N anna (an-na) n. (fr. !} m+ eat, or fr. !}
between. ~!} -tman m. !} ! the m+ live) ! food. ~ -sambhava m.
self;!:-m mind (~~6.47). ~! !N $: birth of food, food is born.
-rma a. !} ! % !m@ ! ! anya (anya) prn. a. (n. nom. sg. !} 4.16.1:)
whose pleasure/reveling is in him/herself. " other, another; different; a certain. }
~j+ -jyoti a. !} ! % j+: !} kim anyad (lit. what else?) nothing
@ !:-m@ whose mind is else, no other, none other than. ~ -tra in. (6.19:
centered in tman (the self). ~ -arra- & 6.16:) !}
in other, in another, in
stha (~:~ 2.24: & 2.28:) a. !} + : reference to other; j+ other than, except
obtaining within the body. ~ -su-kha (~:~ (w/abl.). ~
-th in. (6.19:) " otherwise,
2.24: & 2.28:) a. !} ! % @ whose other than (w/abl.). ~+
-devat f. pl. !:
fulfillment is within him/herself. ~ -stha
38
 (UpasanaYoga.org) GITA DICTIONARY !j a-parjita
+:
other deities, deities as other (than the negation, contradiction; + direction,
Lord [paramtman], ~~7.20). ~+l mention; j+ exclusion; e+ concealment,
-devat-bhakta a. ! N + l: denial. ! apa in. in cmpd. with nouns and non-
who worships the deities as different (from Me, verbal adjectives ~ it also has the senses of } bad,
the Lord, and from each other). inferior, wrong, etc.; !} downward.
! a-nyya (a-ny-y-a) a. (fr. " e ! apamna (apa-mn-a) m.n. (fr. }
attain) -x lacking inquiry; !e- } think) ! disrespect.
lacking propriety. ! a-nyya m. ! a-para (a- par-a) prn. a. (fr. ;, ;m
lack of inquiry; !-e inappropriate or illegal + what/who does not satisfy, as mental
behavior. satisfaction only comes from within oneself, not from
!+} anvaocas (anv-a-oc-as) impf. 2 nd
outside of oneself, since desires are, like fire,
sg. (of } :+ sorrow) (you) grieved, have unquenchable) (sometimes declines like and has subst.
grieved (~~2.11) (impf. loosely used like an aorist sense of a pronoun 4.16.3:) ! other; !l
expressing an action completed at the present time more, additional; N different; : not ones
7.22.3:). own; : latter, later, last; ! : }
! anvita (anv-i-ta) pp. (of " e attain) from which there is not a greater, unrivalled;
! accompanied with, possessing, filled with, ; ( : not superior, or poss. apa-ra see ~
riddled with, endowed with. 6.27:) inferior, lower. ~ -s-para-
sambhta (apara-s-para-sambhta (2.26:) a.
!} ap f. (only in pl., nom. voc. !:, acc. !: 3.16:) -l+: -)+: !+-@+} :
j water; !: } the element water (i.e.,
born of the mutual union (of female and male,
Vliquidity).
~~16.8).
! apa (ap a) in. prefix in the sense of ++ away !j a-parjita (a-par-ji-ta) pp. (of +
from; ;e deterioration; + opposition,
j + be victorious 6.12:) j: not
39
! a-parigraha GITA DICTIONARY (UpasanaYoga.org)

conquered, unsurpassed. + " !+ e go away 1.5.d:) !-w-

! a-parigraha (a-pari-grah-a) a. (fr. } not turning or running away.
$+ grasp) - without possessions. !/ apahta (apa-h-ta) pp. (of + / e+
!+ a-parimeya (a-pari-me-ya) pot. ps. pt. take or steal away) taken away, carried away,
(of + measure 6.8:) @ + cannot stolen. ~+}
-cetas a. !/@ +: @
be measured, immeasurable, innumerable. whose mind is taken away (i.e., whose

! a-parihrya (a-pari-hr-ya) pot. ps. pt.
(of + / j+ avoid 6.8:) cannot be given
up, unavoidable.
! a-parypta (a-pary-p-ta) pp. (of !} ! a-ptra (a-p-tra) n. (fr. + drink)
+ reach) !- insufficient (the common
meaning), : (the literal sense of the root in
passive not reached around) not surrounded,
overwhelming (as the contextual meaning in
~~1.10). Dur-yodhanas forces were eleven divisions,
about 2,400,000 fighters, assuming each division
(akauhii) has the full traditional compliment of forces.
They were larger than the Pava forces numbering
seven divisions, or about 1,500,000 fighters. See
B.H.S.C. vol. 1 pp. 113-4. At the end of the war,
only ten warriors survived or remained: three on Dur-
yodhanas side and seven on Pavas winning side!
! a-palyana (a-pal-ay-ana) m.n. (fr.
knowledge is not there when needed). ~
-jana a. @-+ robbed of
discriminating capacity.
(lit. not a vessel) !-+-) unworthy
person (for charity, etc.).
! apna (apa-an-a) m. (fr. !} m+
breathe) !+-- the downward breath
(i.e., inhalation), one of the five pras
[energies], downward force in the body
including evacuation.
!} apyin (apa-ay-[a]-in) a. (fr. ! + "
!+ e go away, end) !} having an end.
!; apvta (apa--v-ta) pp. (of ; !+
cover) $ open.
! apritya (ap--ri-tya) in. pt. (of
+} seek, !+ depend on 6.9:) !
40
 (UpasanaYoga.org) GITA DICTIONARY !+ a-prameya
following, taking refuge in (w/acc.). else).
! api (api) in. adv. + and, also; !m+ ! a-praka (a-pra-k-a) m. (fr. }
only, even; even though, though. Connects e shine) : absence of light, darkness;
(like ca [and]) parts of a sentence; always follows the (as an attribute of the mind) dullness, !-+ lack
word to which it belongs; at beginning of sentence it is of discernment.
used as an interrogative particle. !
api in. prefix ! a-pratima (a-prati-ma) a. (! + ,
+ near; $ on, upon, over, above; !+ - fr. + measure) +
in, within. + what has no comparison, nothing
!; a-punarvtti (a-punar--vt-ti) f. similar to be measured against, incomparable.
(fr. ! + ;} + return) !-+- ~-prabhva a. !-: : (m.
no re-birth. Lord Ka) whose glory is incomparable.
!e a-paiuna (a-pai-un[a]-a) n. (fr. } ! a-pratiha (a-prati-ha) a. (fr. +
!+ form, carve out) e ---m@ +m -;e be
established 2.101:)
e@ : !-e@ !- not exposing a without support, without a basis
defect of one person to another, absence of (existentially, no permanent reality throughout
gossiping or slandering. this ephemeral existence; or ethically, no
!+ apohana (apa-uh-ana) n. (fr. ! + } dharma-adharma [no natural retribution or
!m+ carry away 2.3.a: & 2.8:) ! justice] for virtuous or non-virtuous activity, i.e.,
departure, lapse, forgetting (departure of according to brute mentality, ~~16.8).
information in the mind, or, usually, the lack of ! a-pratkra (a-prat-kr-a) a. (fr. ;
[timely] access to the information). m+ do 6.12: irreg. prefixing) ! :
! apyaya (api-ay-a) m. (fr. " e go) + without resisting, not resisting.
entrance; disappearance (into something ! a-pradya (a-pra-d-ya) in. pt. (of
41
!+ a-prameya GITA DICTIONARY (UpasanaYoga.org)

+ give 6.9:) not giving. called prasda-buddhi (an attitude of gracefully

!+ a-prameya (a-pra-me-ya) pot. ps. pt. (of accepting the result as coming from the Lordthe Lord
+ measure 6.8:) -me: !-+: whose embodiment is this universe, and all its laws of
cannot be separately known (as an object) by nature, and who is oneself). And why do an action
the pramas (the means of knowledge: seeing, without requiring/desiring its result? Because it is your
etc.), cannot be grasped with the senses. duty (~~3.19), and because it is for the good of the
society (~~3.20), and because it is reciprocating
!; a-pravtti (a-pra-vt-ti) f. (fr. + ;} within the cyclic order of the universe (~~3.16), and,
!+ + set in motion) ; absence of
for these reasons, it gives you anta -karaa-uddhi (a
activity.
certain clarity [less conflicts] of mind) (~~5.11),
! a-prpya (a-pra-p-ya) pot. ps. pt. (of conducive for assimilating tattva-jna (knowledge of
!} + obtain) not having gained. realities) (~~2.6465), which is moka (freedom)
! a-priya (a-priy-a) a. (fr. m+ satisfy and that alone is the goal of the most mature person in
2.67:) /: unpleasant. the vision of this teaching. The appropriate attitude taken
! a-phala (a-phal-a) a. (fr. } m+ to the action is called varrpaa-buddhi (an attitude
burst) -j without a result. ~!w} of offering to the Lord).~+-prepsu a. @ +
-kkin a. w not anticipating a " -+: -;m: : without a
result, not requiring a result. But why do an action requirment to attain a result.
without anticipating a result? Because one is only capable !p a-buddhi (a-bud-dhi) a. (fr. } !+
of doing an action, whereas one is not capable of know 2.76: & 2.78:) !-+} lacking
determining the result (~~2.47), which depends on discernment.
many more factors outside ones control. So anticipation !l a-bhakta (a-bhak-ta) pp. (of j} +}
is an inappropriate attitude to take toward the results of seek 2.81:) e ++ l-: who has no
action. The appropriate attitude taken to the result is devotion (towards the teacher and the Lord).
42
 (UpasanaYoga.org) GITA DICTIONARY ! abhimna
! a-bhaya (a-bhay-a) n. (fr. + fear ascent, progress. ~ -na m. ! :
2.71:) - fearlessness, )-l freedom loss of progress.
from fear. !j} abhijanavat (abhi-jan-a-vat) a. (fr.
!; a-bhavit (a-bhav-i-t) a. (fr. $+ j} $} be born.) $-} having an
become 2.71:) !-@ one that comes not to exalted family.
be, one that ceases to be (as in the 2nd pda of !j abhijta (abhi-j[n]-ta) pp. (of j}
~~2.20, nya bhtv'bhavit v na bhya $} be born 6.6: irreg., cf. 5.16.4:) $N born.
Not that, coming to be, it again comes not to be, or the
opposite [i.e., a-bhtv bhya bhavit (not that)
!} abhitas (abhi- tas) in. (6.19:) + near;
$} on both sides, $} j@ ;@
becoming non-existent, it again comes to be]).
both (in the here and the hereafter, ~~5.26).
! a-bhva (a-bhv-a) m. (fr. } be, !+ abhidhyate (abhi-dh-ya-te) ps. pr.
$+ become 2.71:) !- non-being, ! 3 sg. (of ! + !+ mention 5.37.1:)
rd
non-reality (no is-ness); $p- un-
(he/she/it/who) is said to be, is called.
becoming (i.e., change), death, destruction (of
one form into another form). !; abhipravtta (abhi-pra-vt-ta) pp. (of
;} ;e be engaged, perform) fully
!} a-bhvayat (a-bhv-ay[a]-at) pr. pt.
engaged.
(of cs. m+ reflect upon 2.71:) not
contemplative. ! abhibhava (abhi-bhav-a) m. (fr. ! +
@ } be against 2.71:) j
! abhi in. prefix !+ towards, to; + overwhelming, predominance, conquering,
near; )p+ against; $ on, upon, over, above; defeating; in cmpd. ~ being overwhelmed by.
!} greatly, excessively.
! abhikrama (abhi-kram-a) n. (fr. } ! abhibhya (abhi-bh-ya) in. pt. (of !
+ @ } be against 6.9:) !
-++ step) undertaking, effort; !+m
overwhelming.
43
! abhimna GITA DICTIONARY (UpasanaYoga.org)

! abhimna (abhi-mn-a) m. (fr. } ! abhyantara (abhy-ant-a-ra) prn. a. (fr.

think) !@ exaggerated
} !} + bind, limit) inner, inside.
self-opinion, demanding respect from others. ! abhyarcya (abhy-arc-ya) in. pt. (or pot.
! abhimukha (abhi-mukha) a. ps. pt.) (of !` j} worship 6.9:)
! facing, converging. worshipping, invoking (the whole Lord in a
!l abhiyukta (abhi-yuk-ta) pp. (of j} local form. A common expression of this pj
w+
unite 2.81:) !+} being one with, (worship) in the darkened interior of the temple is
devoted to. showing a small oil lamp, which stands for the devotees
small intellect, before a form of the Lord lighting up a
! abhirakita (abhi-rak-i-ta) pp. (of
small portion of the form at a time, but at the same time
} + protect 6.6:) protected.
recognizing that all of this form and all forms are the
! abhirata (abhi-ra[m]-ta) pp. (of } Lord by reciting mantras that express this idea, such as
} revel 6.6:) who delight; having that in ~$~2.2.15 and echoed in ~~15.6).
(whatever that is) as the ultimate, who are
dedicated.
! abhyasana (abhy-as-ana) n. (fr. !}
+m+ cast, throw) !; (daily) repetition.
!j} abhivijvalat (abhi-vi-jval-[a]-at) ! abhyasyaka (abhy-asy[]-aka) a.
pr. pt. (of j} e burn) burning, flaming.
(fr. !) !@ m+ ++m} !}
! abhisandhya (abhi-san-dh-ya) cynical (finding fault in virtues), -@
in. pt. (of m+ hold 2.55:) $ with respect m+ !-: who cannot stand the virtues of
to, keeping in view, having as purpose. those who follow dharma.
! abhihita (abhi-hi-ta) pp. (of ! + !} abhyasyat (abhy-asy[]-[a]-at) pr.
!+ mention 6.6: irreg.) has been told. pt. (of den. fr. ! 5.43:) !@ m+ ++m}
! abhyadhika (abhy-adhi-ka) a. ! !} being cynical (finding fault in virtues),
(!l) surpassing, superior, better.
44
 (UpasanaYoga.org) GITA DICTIONARY !; a-mta
}
blaming (e.g., teacher, fellow students, ! a-mara (a-mar-a) m. (fr. ;} }
yourself). allow) -)p intolerance; + anger.
! abhyasyati (abhy-asy[]-a-ti) pr. ! a-mala (a-mal-a) a. (fr. } ;e cling)
3rd sg. (of den. fr. ! 5.43:) (he/she/it/who) is - without karmic demerit, -l free
cynical (finds fault in virtues). from karmic demerit.
! abhyahanyanta (abhy-a-han-y[a]- ! a-mnitva (a-mn-i-tva) n. (fr. }
anta) ps. impf. 3 pl. (of
rd
! + } + sound } think) !: : ! "
5.5.b:) (they) were sounded. : : @ !: mm@
! abhysa (abhy--as-a) m. (fr. !} +m+ : absence of conceit (boasting of myself,
cast) !; (daily) repetition (in reading, demanding that others know my virtues), the
listening, or study), continued practice, - absence of the imposition (adhysa) of conceit
; repetition (of the same or like thought upon myself.
in contemplation). ~+ -yoga m. !: % ! a-mita (a-mi-ta) pp. (of + measure
+: the yoga (means/discipline) consisting of 6.6:) (lit. not measured) immeasurable,
continued practice (study and contemplation). innumerable.
~+l -yoga-yukta a. !: % +: + ! am prn. m. pl. nom. (of !e/!} 4.9:) those.
l: endowed with the yoga consisting of ! amutra (amu-tra) in. (6.19:) !} in
continued practice (study and contemplation).
that; } ++ in the other world, hereafter.
! abhyutthna (abhy-ut-th-ana) n. (fr. " ! iha amutra v in. " ++
! + $} + -;e arise 2.99:) $p } ++ in this world or the next, here or
rise, ascendancy. hereafter.
! abhra (abhra) n. + cloud. ! a-mha (a-m-ha) pp. (of } e+ be
!} am 10.P. (or 1.P. caus.) ++ be ill. confused 2.107:) not deluded.
45
!; a-mta GITA DICTIONARY (UpasanaYoga.org)

!; a-mta (a-m-ta) pp. (of ; m-+ die) Lord), unfit as an offering.

not killed, immortal; perpetual, relatively ! ambara (ambara) n. ! clothing.
eternal (till the end of a kalpa [eon], until the
next birth, etc.); !- not within time. !; ! ambu n. j water. ~+ -vega m. !@
+: flow of waters.
a-mta n. !- immortality; + complete
freedom (in this life); - () !} ambhas (ambhas) n. j water.
offering left after a yaja (ritual) (which is then ! amla a. -+ a kind of taste: sour.
distributed to the participants and the public), ! a-yaja (a-yaj-a) a. (fr. j} +-j
immortal nectar (in the mythology it is worship 2.87:) : ! " who does
described like milk that, a sip of which, gives not perform ritual (yaja).
immortalityan allegory to gaining
!} a-yathvat (a-ya-th-vat) in. (6.19:)
self-knowledge). ~$p -udbhava (~+~) a. !-
} falsely, wrongly.
; j: born of immortal nectar; !-;-
-+p born from (the churning of the ! a-yati (a-yat -i) m. (fr. } $+ make
effort) !-} one who does not make
primordial milky ocean by the deities for
producing) immortal nectar (~~10.27). ~$ (proper) effort.
-upama (~+~) a. !-;} $ like ! ayana (ay-ana) n. (fr. " e go/attain)
immortal nectar. ~ -tva n. - a stay in e going, course, goal; e-+-+-*-
heaven (where there is no ageing, no mortality, -+- an entrance, a lane (of attack into
yet is temporary); + complete freedom in this any special array of troops, ~~1.11).
life. !} a-yaas (a-ya-as) n. !-- !-
!+ a-medhya (a-medh-ya) pot. ps. pt. (of +} : ill-fame (due to ones a-dharma).
++ offer) not fit to be offered (or is not an !l a-yukta (a-yuk-ta) pp. (of j} w+
offering, i.e., has not been first offered to the unite 2.81:) !- not composed, not
46
 (UpasanaYoga.org) GITA DICTIONARY ! artha
tranquil, not clear, disturbed; !-N 6.6:, inf. !}) j} worship, praise. !~
unprepared; ! not committed. abhi- worship, etc.
!+} a-yogatas (a-yog-a-tas) in. (6.19: !} arcitum (arc-i-tum) inf. (of !` j}
Ablative) (fr. j} w+ unite, + worship) to worship.
contemplate, + make effort) ++ !j arjuna (arj-una) a. (fr. &j} e l-
without yoga (a valid means for spiritual e acquire, be vigorous) bright, pure
maturity). (!: ;m} !} !j@ the day is overcast
! a-rati (a-ra[m]-ti) f. (fr. } } and the day is clear, &} + 6.1.1). !j
revel) !-m not longing. arjuna m. name of a son of Pu and Kunt,
!+} a-rga-dveatas (a-rg-a-dve-a- student of Ka in the Bhagavad Gt.
tas) in. (6.19:) ( fr. } ++ attracted, + fr. ~+ -vida-yoga a. !j-: "
} !-e displeased) -+l +-+l +: m@ whose topic is Arjunas sorrow.
-+: : without attraction or !` arth 10.. (pr. !+) $+ request,
repulsion, free from attraction or repulsion. pray. ~ pra- request, etc.
! a-ri (a-r-i) m. (fr. & ++ offer, !m} ! artha (ar-tha) m. (fr. & m+ acquire)
not giving) foe. ~ -sdana m. !-} aim, goal, pursuit; +j purpose, use, motive,
(Lord Ka) (who does the) destroying sake; ! meaning, intention; wealth,
of foes, destroyer of foes (those who only take thing(s); subject-matter, situation; in cmpd.
and never give back, who fight against the ~ } for the sake of. ~!-aya (dat.) ~%
natural, reciprocating order). -e (~+ loc.) ~% -ena (~+ inst.) ~}
-m (acc.) in.
! arka (ark-a) m. (fr. !` j} worship } for the sake of, on account of. ~!}
2.82:) sun. -arthin a. -} who desires/requires
!` arc (=&} 1.P. }e) 1.P. (in. pt. ~! wealth. ~ -kma n. sg. (or m. du. ~+ 6.40:)

47
! arthya GITA DICTIONARY (UpasanaYoga.org)

!: : security and pleasure (the second fire); +m-m+ the instrument or means for
and third of the four pururthas [human goals, levels offering.
of maturity]: dharma [harmony with nature and ! arpita (ar-p-i-ta) pp. (of cs. & e go 6.6:)
creatures, including fellow humans, protecting and cast, placed into, offered, resolved into (lit.
contributing to the environment, living in conformity to cause to go/attain). ~+p -mano-buddhi
basic human values], artha [security wealth, power, (2.24: & 2.33:) a. !+ +-p whose mind
recognition], kma [pleasure sensual, intellectual, and intellect are (both) offered (to Me, the Lord,
aesthetic] and moka [complete freedom]); ~ ~~8.7), whose mind and intellect are (both)
-kma a. !} " desirous of/ resolved (in Me, the Lord, ~~12.14).
requiring (their own) ends/goals (~~2.5),
!@ having desires for (their own)
!} aryaman (ar-ya-man) m. (fr. & m+
attain) !-+: ;-j one of the dityas
ends/goals; !: : having security
(sun deities) and king of the ancestors.
and pleasure goals. ~
-vyapraya m.
! !} dependence for any thing. !` arh 1.P. (pr. !) j} be worthy; (with
~ -sacaya m. ! : accumulating inf.) +l be able, can, ++ fit for (having sense of
wealth. potential); } ought (to), should (having
sense of imperative).
! arthya (ar-th[a]-ya) a. in cmpd. ~ (fr. &
m+ acquire) !+ intended for. ! arha (arh-a) a. (fr. !` ++ fit for) +
deserving, worthy, qualified, able.
! ardana (ard-ana) a. (fr. !` e go, +
pray) moving, going; praying, asking; ! a-lasa (a-las-a) a. (fr. } + play) !-
(poss. fr. &} ++ disperse or ++ afflict) + ;-: + !
not actively engaged
afflicting. (even in what is supposed to be done,
~~18.28), not lively, lazy.
!m arpaa (ar-p-aa) n. (fr. cs. & e go
5.40: irreg.) +m tossing, offering (into the ! a-lbha (a-lbh-a) m. (fr. } e
48
 (UpasanaYoga.org) GITA DICTIONARY ! avahsa
obtain) !- loss, non-gain. ! avani (av-a-ni) f. (or ~) (fr. !} m+
!+ a-loluptva (a-lo-lup-tva) n. (fr. intens. protect) earth; river. ~w -pla-
} ++ confound 5.13.1:; possibly cognate to sagha m. pl. !@ ;@ " hosts of
} + covet) "m@ -Ne !- kings (protectors of the earth).
absence of agitation of the senses in the !+ avabodha (ava-bodh-a) m. (fr. }
presence of objects, !+l absence of !+
know) j waking; knowledge,
intense greed or covetousness. perception.
! alpa (alpa) prn. a. small, feeble; ! avara (ava-ra) prn. a. ! inferior.
limited. ~p -buddhi a. - ! % ! a-vaa (a-va-a) a. (fr. } "} wish)
p: whose mind is limited (to just the field !-- without control, helpless, without
of sense objects). ~+} -medhas a. !- will.
having limited discrimination.
! avaabhya (ava-abh-ya) in. pt. (of
!} av 1.P. m+ protect. } ;@ m+ make firm w/irreg. application of
! ava in. prefix + down; + off, away; + 2.101:) ! relying on, having recourse to;
definitely, certainly; !+ disrespect, disregard. -; controlling.
! avagama (ava-gam-a) m. (fr. } e !} avasthtum (ava-sth-tum) inf. (of
reach) knowledge, understanding,
-;e remain) to stand.
appreciation. ! avasthita (ava-sthi-ta) pp. (of
! avajta (ava-j-ta) pp. (of -;e remain 6.6:) based, fixed,
!++
know) !; disrespected, standing, stationed, abiding.
accompanied with disrespect. ! avahsa (ava-hs-a) m. (fr. } laugh)
! a-vadhya (a-vadh-ya) pot. ps. pt. (of } jest. ~!} -artham in. (6.32:) -
+ destroy) @ ! indestructible. +j out of jest.
49
! a-vcya GITA DICTIONARY (UpasanaYoga.org)

! a-vcya (a-vc-ya) pot. ps. pt. (of }
m+ speak 6.8:) unspeakable. ~ -vda m.
pl. !-l: : (vulgar) speech that should
not be spoken.
! avptavya (ava-p-tavya) pot. ps. pt. (of
!} + obtain) to be obtained or
accomplished.
!} avptum (ava-p-tum) inf. (of !}
+ obtain) to gain.
! avpya (ava-p-ya) in. pt. (of !} +
obtain) obtaining, accomplishing.
! a-vikampa (a-vi-kamp-a) a. (fr. } !}
+ waver) !- unshaking.
! a-vikrya (a-vi-kr-ya) pot. ps. pt. (of !} a-vipacit (a-vipa-cit) a. ;@
; m+ do 6.8:) !-m-+ not able to be
modified.
!+ a-vijeya (a-vi-je-ya) pot. ps. pt. (of
!++ know 6.8:) : unknowable;
:+ : difficult to know.
!} a-vidvas (a-vid-vas) redup. perf. pt. (of
} + know 5.28: & 6.4:) unwise
person.
! a-vidhi (a-vi-dh[]-i) a. (fr.
give, set) !- not having direction or
instruction, m- not having a valid means
of knowing (that the Lord is adhiyaja [centered
on worship], ~~9.23). ~}
-prvakam
in. m--} being preceded by
ignorance, not in accordance with a valid means
of knowing, not according to injunction (from
the Veda).
!} a-vinayat (a-vi-na-y[a]-at) pr. pt.
(of } !-+ be lost) @ } not being
destroyed; what does not perish.
a-vinin (a-vi-n-[a]-in) a. (fr.
} !-+ be lost) !- indestructible.
+ short-sighted thinker, !-+ non-
discerning.
!l a-vibhakta (a-vi-bhak-ta) pp. (of j}
+
divide 2.81:) !-N not divided,
undivided, % one.
!)p a-viruddha (a-vi-rud-dha) pp. (of )}
!m+ impede 2.76: & 2.78:) @ !-;: not
opposed to (w/inst.).
+
!+ avekya (ava-k-ya) in. pt. (or pot. ps. pt.)
50
 (UpasanaYoga.org) GITA DICTIONARY !} a
(of #} + see) !; ($) regarding.
whose form (nature) is not objectified.
!l a-vyakta (a-vy-a[]k-ta) pp. (of !} ~ -sajaka a. !-@l " !
+ be manifest 6.6: & 2.81:) l: not named a-vyakta.
objectified, !- unmanifest, not manifest, ! a-vyabhicra (a-vy-abhi-cr-a) m.
!- unseen, -m} j+ (fr. } e go/attain) !- not swerving ,
cannot be manifest since not an object to any of not failing. ~"} -in (~}) a. (f. ~"m -i 3.15: &
the senses; !- non-material, formless. 3.9: & 2.92:) !- unswerving. ~% -ena
!l a-vyakta n. !- : (inst. ~+m) in. !-+ without swerving, without
unmanifest condition, dissolution of the failure.
universe; @ the unmanifest reality, ! a-vyaya (a-vy-ay-a) a. (fr. + " !+
m-} reality without qualification. ~! e go away 2.71:) $e " what
-di a. !-l: !-: !: whose does not wax or wane, unchanging, changeless,
beginning is unseen (i.e., unseen before [its] imperishable; - (relatively) long-lasting.
beginning) 6.39:. ~!l+} -sakta-cetas ~!} -tman a. !-: ! whose
a. !-+l !@l +: whose mind is nature (sva-rpa) (or jndi-akti [capacities of
committed to what is not manifest (nir-kra intelligence, etc.], ~~4.6) does not wane,
brahma [formless reality]). ~ -nidhana a. undimminished.
!-@l !-@ @ m@ whose end is !} a-vyavasyin (a-vy-ava-sy-[a]-
unseen (i.e., unseen after [its] endsaid of the
in) a. (fr. +V !-m bring to an end or
jva [individual] about whom, like a moving
a resolve) m-j-+-p- without a
arrow emerging out of darkness and back into
discerning understanding (born of a valid means
darkness, no one knows where or what it was,
of knowledge), lacking resolution.
nor where or what it will be afterwards,
~~2.28). ~ -mrti a. l : -*@ !} a 5.U. (pr. P. !+ . !+, pr. pt. !})
51
!} a
e attain, gain, reach.
!} a 9.P. (pr. sg. !, pl. !, pr. pt.
!}) +j+ eat, consume, -m+ receive.
!l a-akta (a-ak-ta) pp. (of } + be
able) is not able, cannot (with inf.).
! aana (a-ana) (fr. !} +j+ eat) n. +j
the act of eating, the food itself.
! a-ama (a-am-a) m. (fr. } + be + + be beautiful) : unpleasant; !--
satisfied) !:-m !: restlessness of
the mind, lack of clarity.
! a-astra (a-as-tra) a. (fr. } @} ! a-uru (a-u-r-[a]-u) a. (fr. des. of
injure) - unarmed, ! @ m+:
without a weapon (in the hands).
! a-nta (a-n-ta) pp. (of } + be
satisfied, N+ be clear 6.6: irreg. & 2.55:) !-
not satisfied, !-N not clear.
! a-vata (a-vat-a) a. ! ever
changing; !- finite.
! a-stra-vihita (a-s-tra-vi-hi-
ta) a. ( fr. } + teach, fr.
+ give, set) +m : not enjoined by
stra (sacred instructional literature).
GITA DICTIONARY (UpasanaYoga.org)
!} ain (a-in) (fr. !} +j+ eat) a. !@
@ } in whom is the habit to eat.
! a-uci (a-uc-i) a. (fr. } } be
clean) !-p impure, unclean, unworthy. ~
-vrata a. !- whose vows are
unworthy.
! a-ubha (a-ubh-a) a. (fr. } e shine,
-} those who do ugly deeds. ! a-
ubha n. @ the unpleasant life of becoming
(~~4.16).
!m+ hear 5.41: & 5.8.4:) m+} not
willing to listen.
!+ a-ea (a-e-a) a. (fr. } !+m+ leave
as a remainder) ! +: without
remainder, entire. ~% -ena (inst. ~+m 2.92:)
~} -tas (6.19:) ~} -m (acc.) in. !-m}
entirely, completely, all.
!+ a-ocya (a-oc-ya) pot. ps. pt. (of }
:+ grieve 6.8:) not to be grieved.
!+ a-oya (a-o-ya) pot. ps. pt. (of cs. }
j+ be dry 6.8:) cannot be dried.
52
 (UpasanaYoga.org) GITA DICTIONARY !} aan
!} anat (a-n-at) pr. pt. (of !} +j+ eat) !}e reach, ~ being a Prkta form from
eating. ~ stand, itself from 6.24.1:) ;-+ the
!} aman (a-man) m. (fr. !} e sacred fig-tree, ficus religiosa (the common
attain) m stone. name is Peepul or Pipal tree [pippala in
Saskta], a long-lived tree where one in Sri
! a-rad-dadhna (a-rad-dadh-na)
Lanka is over 2200 years old, and is mainly used
pr. mid. pt. (of + give 6.5: & 5.8.2: & 5.20.2: &
as a shade tree for travelers and animals, such as
6.13:) !-} having no trust.
horses). ! avattha a-va-ttha m. (in the
!p a-rad-dh (a-rad-dh[]-[a]-) f. (fr. } context of the tree of sasra imagery, ~~15.1, lit.
heart/mind + + give 6.13:) !- no : ! what does not remain [in the
respect, no trust; l- no faith or devotion same form] even [till] tomorrow,) this world of
(towards the Lord). sasra.
! aru (a-ru) n. (fr. !} e fill, !+ ++ !} avatthman (a-va-tth-man) m. (fr.
!- filling the eyes so they cannot see) !} e reach) (! " } !
+ tear drop. ~m+m whose stamina is like that of a horse) the
-prkulekaa a. !: m+ !+ name of Droas son, who fought on Dur-
#m+ whose eyes are full of tears and yodhanas side.
stressed.
!} avin (a-v[a]-in) m. du. (fr. !} e
!e} a-rauam (a-rau--am) }YAorist
1st reach) !e ++ the twin deities (charioteers
sg. (of !m+ 5.30.1.b: & 2.101:) (I) have of the sun. They are the dawn [the harbingers of
heard. visual duality]. One is the physician, and the
! ava (a-va) m. (fr. !} e reach) other is the surgeon for the gods).
horse. !} aan (a-an) num. a. n. pl. (4.23.a:) eight.
! avattha (a-va-ttha) m. (! horse fr. ! aa (6.29:) in cmpd. ~. ~ -daa ordinal
53
 ! aama GITA DICTIONARY (UpasanaYoga.org)

(4.26:) seventeenth. ~ -dh in. (4.28:) eight- attach 6.6: & 2.81:) w- unattached (in
fold. reference to karma-yoga, it is descriptive of a
! aama (a-a[n]-ma) ordinal (4.26:) eighth. mind that is not attached to fulfilling rgas and
dveas [attractions and repulsions], i.e., the mind
!} as 2.P. (pr. sg. ! pl. 5.19.4: 2 sg. nd
has little or no requirement to fulfill them in
! 5.19.4:, impf. 1st sg. !}, impv. 3rd sg. !,
order to be satisfieddirectly related to samatva
pot. 3rd sg. } 3rd pl. : 1st sg. } 5.19.4:, perf.
[sameness of attitude/understanding] in
! 3rd sg., pr. pt. } 5.19.4:) be.
~~2.48), not identified (with possessions).
!} as 4.P. (pr. !, pp. !, in. pt. ~!) ~!} -tman a. !-l} !:-m@
+m+ cast, throw. }~ vyud- } + cast whose mind is unattached/not identified. ~p
about; + renounce. N~ sanni- (~N~) -buddhi a. !-l} !:-m@ whose mind
} + completely cast aside, } + is not attached (anywhere, to any one thing by
completely renounce. uncontrolled likes and dislikes).
!@ a-sayata (a-sa-ya[m]-ta) pp. (of } !l a-sakti (a-sak-ti) f. (fr. } @+ attach
+ be satisfied 6.6: & 2.54:) !--; not + identity 2.81:) + !l: :
mastered. ~!} -tman a. !--;} absence of fixation towards objects, absence of
!:-m@ whose mind is not mastered. ownership.
!@ a-saaya (a-sa-ay-a) a. (fr. } + !w a-saga (a-sag-a) a. (fr. } @+
++ lit. lie together, be confused attach + identity 2.82:) !l not
between the two 2.54:) !-+ doubtless, attached, non associated, not identified with.
without doubt. !@ a-saaya m. @: !w a-saga m. !-w non-association or
no doubt, a lack of doubt. ~} -m (acc.) in. no non-attachment (in reference to karma-yoga, it is
doubt, doubtlessly. with reference to a mind that is not attached to
!l a-sakta (a-sa[]k-ta) pp. (of } @+ fulfilling rgas and dveas [attractions and
54
 (UpasanaYoga.org) GITA DICTIONARY ! a-samartha
repulsions], i.e., the mind has little or no treated like [you were] not there) !
requirement to fulfill them in order to be without proper respect, ignored, slighted; (as
satisfieddirectly related to samatva [sameness asat-kta) !-} ;: done improperly,
of attitude/understanding] in ~~2.48), !- disrespected. ~ -grha (!}~ 2.43:) m. !-
non-identity with; --+em: - improper understanding.
} independence from seeking (or ! a-satya (a-[a]s-at-ya) a. (fr. } pr. pt. of
detachment from) progeny, security, and !} be 6.4: & 5.19.4:) !- not as it is,
experiences. ~-astra n. !-w: % } unreal, untruthful, false. !a-satya n. -
the ax (or sword) that is detachment (~~15.3). - what is negated (i.e., never
!} a-sat (a-[a]s-at) pr. pt. (of !} be 6.4: permanent) in the three times (past, present, or
& 5.19.4:) !- not real, non-existent, non- future; waking, dreaming, or sleeping), unreality,
being; : !} other then real, unreal; !- falsehood.
wrong, bad, non-virtuous, improper, !N a-sannyasta (a-san-ny-as-ta) pp. (of
mal-adaptive. !} a-sat n. : !} (gama- !} +m+ cast away 2.55:) !-l who has
apyin, what has a beginning and/or an end, not completely renounced. ~w -sakalpa
~~2.1416) the unreal, what is other than the a. !-l: --w: !:
real, -@ } the real/reality is what who has not completely given up anticipation/
cannot be negated at any time, what is time-less, requirement/scheming (regarding the results of
+ exists in name only, what is action, like heaven, etc.).
apparent (apparently existing), !- what
cannot be categorically said to exist or not exist,
! a-sapatna (a-sa-pat-na) a. ( fr.
with, V perhaps fr. m+ protect) !-
- the transactional world, the
without a rival.
effect (called this world, including this
mind-body complex). ~; -kta a. (a-satkta ! a-samartha (a-sam-ar-tha) a. (fr. &

55
! a-sammha GITA DICTIONARY (UpasanaYoga.org)

m+ acquire) !-l unable (with dat., loc., inf., or
in cmpd. ~).
! a-sammha (a-sam-m-ha) pp. (of
} e+ be confused 2.107:) without delusion.
!+ a-sammoha (a-sam-moh-a) m. (fr. }
e+ be confused) +: non-delusion,
freedom from delusion.
! asi (as-i) m. (fr. !} +m+ propel) w not
sword.
! asita (asita) m. -+ a seer/sage called !
Asita.
!p a-siddhi (a-sid-dhi) f. (fr. } @pe ! asmadya (asmad-ya) poss. prn. (4.15:)
succeed 2.76: & 2.78:) !-m incompletion;
non-success.
! asu (as -u) m. (fr. !} +m+ throw, !+
+ what is expelled) m life-breath, breath.
! a-sukha (a-su-kha) a. (fr. } !m+
dig 6.24.3:, originally in &~+~ meaning having a
Vgood Vaxle-hole, i.e., a smooth ride; or @
easy dig [a very apt, basic agricultural
metaphor], also @ } a good space (in the
heart/mind), cf. :) -j (6.24.3:)
unpleasant, not easy.
! asura (as-u-ra) m. (fr. !} +m+
cast,
throw) ! +} one who shoots at
(fights) the deities (i.e., who goes against the
forces of nature, against dharma), (in mythological
language) a demon.
!; a-sa (a-s-a) pp. (of ;j} + emit
$: not manifested; ;
2.81: & 2.88:)
distributed. ~!N -anna a. ;} !N@
} in which food is not distributed.
a-sthira (a- sthi-ra) a. (fr. -
;e remain) -N without steadiness,
unsteady.
!} our.
!} asmkam (asma-aka-m) prn. pl. gen. (of
!} 4.2.a:) our.
! a-svargya (a-svar-g[a][m]-ya) a. (}
heaven/shining space fr. ; [=}]
++: resound/praise or heat/shine, ~ fr.
} e attain (6.24.3:); or per Paninian grammar
fr. e + sing, what is sung about in Vedic
accent/svarita, or a-sv-arg-ya fr. + &j}
attain good 2.82:) @ : not leading to
56
 (UpasanaYoga.org)
heaven.
!} ah 4.P. (defective root, perf. sg. ! 5.8.5: pl. !:
2nd sg. ! 5.28:) l@ speak (aloud);
4.U. e shine. ~
pra- +m~ thoroughly
speak, teach, speak of.
! a-hatv (a-ha[n]-tv) in. pt. (of }
@} destroy 6.9: & 6.6:) not killing.
!} ahan (ah -an) n. (fr. !} e shine 3.21:)
day (including night-time or excluding
night-time); !: + the deity that is the day
(~~8.24). Usually !} in cmpd. ~ 3.21.a:.
~! -gama (!~ 3.21.a: & 2.24: & 2.34:) m.
!: !: the coming of the day, m: +-
: the awakening (of Lord Brahm,
~~8.18). ~} -rtra-vid (~+~ 3.21: &
2.24: & 2.33: & 6.24:) a. !+-+ + who knows a
day and a night (of Lord Brahm, ~~8.17);
-w-} who reckons time.
!} aham (ah-am) prn. nom. sg. (pl. nom. }
4.2:) (poss. fr. !}
e shine, l@ speak
aloud) I, !} myself. ~ -kra (~w~ 2.55:)
m. -m-w- the judgment/ interpreted in each situation according to
notion that I (am this collection of effects and
GITA DICTIONARY !@ a-his
causes), the I-sense, the judgment that I (am
only this or that much), ;@ +;l@ the
status of being an agent and a consumer, (in the
context of the manifestation of the universe) the I-
sense of the Lord when He says Let Me
become many, etc., Lord Brahm (Hiraya-
garbha); ! egotism, exaggerated
self-opinion. ~} -kra-
vimhtman (~w~ 2.55:) a. -m-
w-: !w: + @ -@ :
!:-m@ whose mind is confused (in
many and various ways) by a judgment about I
(the judgment that I am this collection of effects
and causes, i.e., that I am this collection of gross
and subtle elements, the combination of body
and mind). ~;
-kta (~w~ 2.55:) a. !w}
(thinking) I did (this).
!@ a-his (a-his-[a]-) f. (fr. @}
destroy 2.104:) m} !-} not
@}
(deliberately for my own sake) hurting any living
being (including my own body and mind) (this,
as well as any other value, needs to be
dharma, such as in Arjunas situation, where it
57
! a-hita GITA DICTIONARY (UpasanaYoga.org)

was his duty to fight in that particular war), !w} kkin (-kk-[a]-[]-in) a. (fr.
harmlessness. w} "} wish) !w ! ! "
! a-hita (a-hi-ta) pp. (of m+ support having an anticipation, anticipating, desiring,
6.6:) hostile. ! a-hita m. enemy. requiring.

!e a-haituka (a-hai-tu-ka) a. (fr. +m+ ! ka (-k-a) m.n. (fr. cs. } +

impel, ;pe promote) +-j without reason, reveal) ! " what gives room, }
illogical. space, !: } the element space. ~
-sthita a. !+ : which exists in space.
!+ aho interj. ++
oh! (exclamation expressing
sorrow, + anger, blame; or + surprise, ! kula (-kul-a) a. (fr. } @e
!+
@} praise). aho bata interj. !+ compact, collect) ! distressed, stressed.
(with the same exclamation expressing as above). !; kti (-k-ti) f. (fr. ; m+ do) !-
! in. prefix + near; !}
towards; @ component part; ! form, appearance.
(with verbs of motion) + expresses the reverse ! khyta (-khy-ta) pp. (of +
direction; (with adjectives and some nouns) !+ a tell) told.
little, slightly, scarcely. !
in. (w/abl. 6.15: or in ! gata (-ga[m]-ta) pp. (of ! + } +
!- indeclinable cmpd. with substantives ~) e come 6.6:) attained, come back to.
} up to (but excluding), as far as, ! gama (- gam-a) m. (fr. ! + } +
(sometimes means) from, including (up to
e come) $ a beginning. ~!}
and including).
-apyin a. !: !: having a
! kara (-kar-a) m. (fr. ; m+ do) beginning and an end.
collection, deposit, mine, source; (fr. > ++)
! " who scatters, bestower (usually in
!} carat (-car-[a]-at) pr. pt. (of ! + }
+ perform) } performing.
cmpd. ~).
! -cra (-cr-a) m. (fr. ! + } +
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 (UpasanaYoga.org)
perform) ; () conduct, behavior;
virtuous conduct.
! crya (-cr-ya) (Vedic accent: cria)
m. (fr. }) ! the one who
communicates the tradition, a teacher, }
! !} ! one who himself or
herself understands and follows (the tradition)
and who also makes others understand and
follow, an exemplar and teacher.
-upsana (~+~) n. +-++: ! speak 5.28:) (you) said, (commonly with pr.
+} reverence for and attendance to the
teacher (who teaches the means for complete
freedom ).
!j jya (j-ya) n. ;@ -} clarified
butter (ghee) melted by the sun.
! hya (-hy-a) a. } wealthy.
!} tatyin (-ta[n]-ta--y-in) a. (fr. !
+ } + stretch plus ! + " !+
come) !+ m+ !@ }
! whose nature is to approach (with bow)
stretched, + bent on killing, technically any
one of the six felons: agni-da (an arsonist), gara-
da (one who poisons another), astronmatta
GITA DICTIONARY !} tman
(one who madly attacks with a weapon [an
unarmed person]), dhanpaha (a stealer of
wealth), katra-hara (a stealer of land [including
the euphuistically labeled pioneer]), and dra-
hara (a kidnapper of someones wife), which at
that time were all punishable by death on sight
(and all these crimes were committed by Dur-yodhana
against the Pavas).
~$ ! ttha (t-tha) perf. 2nd sg. (of !} l@
sense) say, call, tell.
!} tman (-at-man) m. (fr. !} -
+go continuously, wander; within Upaniad
teaching tradition where, when necessary, precision in
meaning overrides the niceties of phonetics, the word
tman, directly meaning the all-pervading reality,
the source and resolution of everything, and the
limitless conscious being as distinguished from indirectly
meaning the traveling jva, is said to be related to
!} + pervade [cf. 3.16.b:], ! + m+
take in, and ! + !} m+ experiencei.e.,
who is brahman [the one who pervades, who is
all this], and who is also jva [oneself the
experiencer of all this]) !} I, the self, }
59
!} tman GITA DICTIONARY (UpasanaYoga.org)

the witness (of all), e the conscious being, ~pj -buddhi-prasda-ja a. !:

}, } reality; -m-w-N- p: !-p: !-p+: : :
e the conscious being limited to the body- j: born of the clarity of self-knowledge.
mind complex, i.e., the jva or individual (who ~ -bhva-stha a. !: !:-m
travels from birth to birth); what one takes oneself : !: } % : (aham [I] the Lord
to be: * this form, + the body, m the life as pratyag-tman, ~~10.11) obtaining in (every)
force within, } the mind, or p intellect thought of the mind. ~
-my f. !:
(which are also where the tman is mistakenly My (the Lords, ~~4.6) own projecting
understood), or -m-w the entire body- power. ~+ -yoga m. !: %+ +:
mind complex; ones character, mental } My (the Lords, ~~11.47) own power.
makeup; !} tman reflex. prn. a. oneself, ~ -rati a. ! % : whose
himself, herself, itself, yourself. ! tma pleasure is only within oneself (and not in
(6.29:) in cmpd. ~ as a final member has the meaning external objects); !-- devoted only in
-* of the nature of, (mostly) full of. (knowing, ~~3.17) oneself. ~}
-vat a. (6.27:)
~!e -aupamya (!e~) n. ! } % (! p: ! ! possessing an intellect
$ $: : oneself being the basis p}, an equivalent to the expression keeping
of comparison (i.e., as for yourself, so for ones wits) !- attentive. ~
-vaya a.
others, ~~6.32). ~ -ka a. (f.~ ) in cmpd. ~ --m under ones command. ~
-* having the nature of, consisting of. -vinigraha m. !: @: self-discipline, +-
~m -kraa n. !: % +: (only) for + discipline over the mind, !:
the sake of oneself. ~; -tpta a. ! % ! !-- -m-
: satisfied with myself (paramtman) alone. w : -+ : ; +
~+ -para-deha m. pl. -+: -+: % +: holding to the pursuit of truth, away
ones own body and anothers bodies. from the various tendencies (such as laziness, a

60
 (UpasanaYoga.org) GITA DICTIONARY ! dya
condition of tamas) natural to this mind-body ! dara (-dar-a) m. (fr. ;} +m+ see)
complex we call ourselves, which can be m mirror.
detrimental (by pursuing what keeps us in ! di (-d[]-i) a. (fr. ! + -m+ take
sasra). ~ -vibhuti f. my in hand, commence) in cmpd. ~ first; in
glory. ~p -viuddhi f. -p cmpd. ~ beginning with, etcetera (6.39:). !
transparency/clarity of character/mind (the di m. beginning, origin; m cause.
immediate purpose of karma-yoga) (i.e., an ~!} -antavat (~~) a. !: !:
unconflicted and calm mind born of following a having a beginning and an end. ~;
-kart
life of dharma). ~p-uddhi f. -p m. @ m the primal cause. ~+
-deva m.
transparency/clarity of character/mind (i.e., an : +: the first among the gods; !e
unconflicted and calm mind born of following a the one who shines at the beginning, the Lord
life of dharma). ~@+
-sayama- who was there at the beginning.
yoggni m. ! @: !-@: %
+: the fire is the discipline that is the
! ditya (-d[]-i-t[i]-ya) m. (lit. son of
!- fr. + give, !- without giving)
mastery over oneself (body-mind complex).
sun; -+ the sun deity; pl. (in ~ lit.) the
~@ -sastha a. ! !: centered
twelve suns/deities (in the twelve months of the
on I (tman). ~ -sambhvita a. -
year): Dht, Matra, Aryaman, Rudra, Varua,
m- ! % : :
Srya, Bhaga, Vivasvat, Pan, Savit, Tva, and
honored (as having all special virtues) only by
oneself (not by those qualified to discern virtue).
Viu. ~-gata a. ! obtaining in the
sun. ~}
-vat in. (6.19:) : " like the sun.
! tyantika (ty-ant-[a]-ika) a. (fr. ~m -vara a. " -e-: m:
!} + bind, limit) !} % " whose appearance (ever effulgent conscious
being beyond the end, ! without limit, being, ~~8.9) is like that of the sun.
absolute.
! dya (-d[]-y-a) a. (fr. ! + -m+
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! dhatsva GITA DICTIONARY (UpasanaYoga.org)

take in hand, commence) first, primal. ! (`~) reach around; ps. be full (or the opposite: be
dya n. !e : which exists in the beginning, surrounded, see parypta). }~ parisam-
the cause. ps. !+ be contained in, be subsumed in, be
! dhatsva (-dhat-sva) impr. 2nd sg. (of culminated in. ~pra- obtain, etc. ~
vi- (}~)
m+ hold + place 5.20.2: & 2.76: & 2.77: & obtain, etc., ++ pervade. }~
sam- obtain,
2.42:) (you) please hold, place. etc.; }~ completely obtain, etc.

! dhya (-dh-ya) in. pt. (of + !N panna (-pan-na) pp. (of } e attain
give) offering unto (loc.), m@ ; 6.6:) attained, become, gaining, falling into.

placing. !} pas (p-as) f. pl. nom. voc. (of !} water) O

! dhipatya (dhi-p[]-a-t[i]-ya) n. (fr. water.
! + m+ protect) %+ lordship. ! prya (-pr-ya) in. pt. (of > + fill
! naka (n-aka) m. (fr. !} m+ breathe) 6.9: & 2.69:) filling.

-+ a type of (small or large) drum (including !m pryama (-pr-ya-ma) pr. ps.

a large military drum beaten at one end). pt. (of > + fill 5.37.4: & 2.92:) being full,
! nana (n-ana) n. (fr. !} m+ breathe) which is full.
face, mouth. !} ptum (p-tum) inf. (of !} +
!} p 5.P. (sometimes .) (pr. 3 sg. !+ pl.
rd obtain) to obtain, to accomplish.
! 5.21.2: 2 sg. !+ 2.101:, pot. !} 1st
nd
!m bharaa (-bhar-aa) n. (fr. ; m+
sg. !}, fut. ! ~+ 2nd pl. ! . 1st bear 2.92:) m ornament (that one wears).
!+, ps. pr. !+, pp. !, pot. ps. pt. !, in. ! bhsa (-bhs-a) m. (fr. } e
pt. ~!, inf. !}) + obtain, attain, reach, shine) !+ " what
appears; !-
incur; !+ exist in, obtain in, attain in, !} !++m } an
appearance (in one
pervade. !~ ava- obtain, etc. ~ pari- thing of the attributes of another due to
62
 (UpasanaYoga.org) GITA DICTIONARY ! rya
erroneous imposition), a manifestation. @pe accomplish, flourish)
! maya (m-a-ya) m. (fr. !} ++ be ill + accomplishment; j propitiating (causing to
e go 6.24.1:) !@ +@ !+ disease, flourish), propitiation, worship.
ill-health. ! rma (-rm-a) m. (fr. } }
! yma (-ym-a) m. (fr. } + play) !m () reveling, pleasure.
extend) e length, duration. !)) ruruku (-ru-ruk-[a]-u) a. (fr. des. of
! ysa (-ys-a) m. (fr. } + make )}+ be manifest 5.41: & 2.105: & 2.76:)
effort) exertion, toil, trouble. !+} "} desiring to attain or rise to.
! yudha (-yudh-a) n. (fr. } + !* rha (-r-ha) pp. (of )} + be
fight) m weapon. manifest 2.107:) $ risen; ! standing
on, mounted on (acc. or loc.); p attained.
!} yus (-y-us) n. (fr. " e move) j
life; j allotted term of life. ~- !+ rogya (-rog[a]-ya) n. (fr. )j} w+
+ -sattva-balrogya- break 2.82:) !-+ : the state of being free
su-kha-prti-vivardhana (~:~) a. !: from disease, health.
@ @ !+@ @ : @ !j rjava (rj-av-a) n. (fr. &j} e go, e
: (food) that increases longevity, mental acquire) &j-: !-}
clarity, strength, health, pleasure (in taste), and straightforwardness (alignment of thought,
satisfaction (visually and physically, ~~17.8). word, and deed, in that causal order only, so that all
! rambha (-rambh-a) m. (fr. } action is in keeping with my word, and my word is in
++ undertake an action) $ beginning, keeping with my thoughtnot the other way around
initiation (of activities or an event); where my actions dictate my word and thought).
undertaking, amending, action, work, endeavor. ! rta (--ta) pp. (of & e go m+ attain
! rdhana (-rdh-ana) n. (fr. } 2.18:) !-; seized by trouble.

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! rya GITA DICTIONARY (UpasanaYoga.org)

! rya (r-ya) a. (fr. & m+ attain) e ! via (-vi-a) pp. (of }

!+
conforming to the Veda, @; cultured. enter into 2.85:) ! overwhelmed,
} !} } !-} !}| pervaded with (ps. meaning); having
;+ ! " ;:G The one pervaded (act. meaning 7.17.2:).
who follows what is to-be-done, does not follow !; vta (-v-ta) pp. (of ; !+ cover)
after pleasures not to-be-done, and is steadfast ! covered.
in following the natural order (dharma) is said to
be an rya.
!; vtti (-vt-ti) f. (fr. ! + ;} +
return) return, re-birth; !
! laya (-lay-a) m. (fr. +m+ adhere) repetition.
! abode. !; vtya (-v-tya) in. pt. (of ; !+
! lasya (-las[a]-ya) n. (fr. } } cover 6.9:) ! covering; ! pervading.
play) !- : the state of being not lively, !+ veita (-ve-i-ta) pp. (of cs. }
!--+ !-*+ !-} laziness (in !+ enter into 6.6:) ! placed into,
undertaking what is necessary to do).
caused to enter, absorbed. ~+} -cetas a.
!+} vayos (va-yos) prn. du. gen. loc. (of !+@ @ +: whose mind is
!} 4.2:) our, between us, among us (two). absorbed.
!} vartin (-vart-in) a. (fr. ! + ;} !+ veya (-ve-ya) in. pt. (of cs. }
+ return) !-- having (the !+ enter into 6.9:) !@ placing
nature of) returning. into.
! vaha (-vah-a) a. (fr. } m+ convey) ! a (-a) a. (fr. !} +j+ eat) in cmpd. ~
! bringing. !} eater. ! a m. !N food; ! eating.
! viya (-vi-ya) in. pt. (of } ! aya -ay-a m. (fr. + lie down,
!+ enter into) having entered. sleep) ! resting-place, seat, place; mind
64
 (UpasanaYoga.org)
(seat of thought).
! (-a-) f. (fr. !} e
!- ;m longing for what is not yet
gained, hope, requirement, anticipation,
expectation; ! () } (compass)
direction, quarter, region. ~ -pa-ata
n. ! % : } hundred(s) of fetters
that are anticipations/requirements.
!} in (-in) a. (fr. !} +j+ eat) !-
who has the nature to eat.
!} is (-is) f. (fr. ! + } } !} s 2.. (pr. sg. !+ pl. !+ 5.6.b:, pot.
ask, taking weak base form } 5.19.11:) (nom. sg.
~: 3.6.l:) - wish, prayer, benediction.
! u in. } soon.
! carya (--car-ya) a. (likely pot. ps. pt. of
! + } + e approach) !p
extraordinary, marvelous; !- surprising, !-;@
@ not seen before, rare. ! carya n.
a wonder, a marvel, !-@ a rarity.
~} -vat in. (6.19:) !-} like a wonder.
! raya (-ray-a) m. (fr. !+
depend on) ! basis, support, foundation.
! rita (-ri-ta) pp. (of +} seek)
GITA DICTIONARY !l sakta
+
sought; N taken refuge in, has
reach) obtained, obtaining, committed to, tend(ed)
towards.
! ritya (-ri-tya) in. pt. (of +}
seek 6.9:) seeking; taking to, taking refuge in.
! vsaymsa (-vs-ay[a]--
m-s-a) cs. peri. perf. 3rd or 1st sg. (of } m+
breathe 5.29:) (he/she/it/who/I) caused to
breathe, revived, allowed to catch (his/her)
breath, soothed, calmed.
!, pr. mid. pt. ! irreg. ~# for ~!)
$++ sit, enter, engage in; -;e remain.
$}~ ud- $+m+ indifferent, being neutral (i.e.,
not moving or not being moved). $~
upa- !+ seek, perform (esp. of upsana [a
meditation that is a purely mental worship in
which one thing is super-imposed on another
thing]), do upsana, worship. ~
paryupa-
!+ resort to, seek, enter into, contemplate;
!+ practice, follow, perform (esp. of
upsana).
!l sakta (-sa[]k-ta) pp. (of } @+
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!w saga GITA DICTIONARY (UpasanaYoga.org)

attach, + identify with 6.6: & 2.81:) attached gua, barbaric (who is untrusting and tamasic),
to, identified with; committed. ~}-manas demonic (even a demon is not completely demonic.
a. !@l : whose mind is committed Everyone is essentially satya jnam an-antam
(~~7.1). [completely free consciousness-existence]. This cannot be
!w saga (-sag-a) m. (fr. } @+ completely hidden even by the darkest ignorance, so
attach, + identify with 2.82:) + + everyone has some virtuous traitsbe it loyalty,
: -m: @+: excessive attachment of commitment, or whatever, even if fleetingly); !-l
the mind characterized by love towards objects inappropriate, unworthy (e.g., unworthy
that one has; identification (with). behavior). ~ -nicaya a. !: :
! sada (-sad-a) m. (fr. } e attain) whose conviction is unworthy.
meeting, arrival, fixing. ! stikya (s-ti-k[a]-ya) n. (fr. !}
be) !-: !+ acceptance
! sana (s -ana) n. (fr. !} sit) $+ in the veracity of the Veda-s.
sitting, seat (place for sitting); position.
!} sam (a- as-am) impf. 1st sg. (of !} ! sthya (-sth-ya) in. pt. (of -
be) (I) was.
;e remain) ! following.
! sdya (-sd-ya) in. pt. (of cs. } e ! sthita (-sthi-ta) pp. (of -
;e 6.6:) ; proceeded; ! followed;
attain) attaining.
!* mounted; attained; !+ regarded
! sna (s-na) pr. mid. pt. (of !} irreg. (as); remained.
~# for ~!) sitting, remaining.
! ha (h-a) perf. 3rd sg. (of !} l@
! sura (s-ur[a]-a) a. (f. #) (fr. !, ! speak 5.8.5:) (he/she/it/who) said, (commonly with
+} who goes against the deities, fr. !} pr. sense) says, calls.
+m+ cast, throw) ! ! " !: !-
against dharma, predominantly of tamo-
! hava (-hav-a) m. (fr. + } call out
66
 (UpasanaYoga.org) GITA DICTIONARY " itara
a challenge) p challenge, contest, battle. samanu- (}~) ps. @+l be endowed with.
! hra (-hr-a) m. (fr. / m+ acquire) ~ samava- + come together,
!m gathering; +j eating; !N food. assemble.

!} hus (h-us) perf. 3rd pl. (of !} l@ " ikvku (ikvku) m. - son of Manu
speak) (they) said, (commonly with pr. sense) (son of the sun deity, the first man in each age
say, call. of Manu [called a Manvantara]).

!+ ho (ho) in. ! or. "w} ig 1.U. (pr. "w ~+) e move, + stir,
" i 2.P. (! + " is usually .) (pr. % 5.3:, fut. flicker (of a flame), waver.
% 5.33:, pp. ", in. pt. ~" 6.9:) e go; e "} icchat (icch-[a]-at) pr. pt. (of "} !+m+
attain, take to (w/abstract noun in acc. 7.8.2:). seek 5.17.3:) having a tendency or preference for,
!~ ati- !+ go beyond, transcend. desiring, requiring.
!~ adhi- 2.. + study, recite (esp. the " icchati (icch-a-ti) pr. 3rd sg. (of "}
Veda). !~ anu- (!}~) !+ fill, pervade. !+m+ seek 5.17.3:) (he/she/it/who) desires,
!~ apa- !+~ go away, end. $~ upa- requires.
+~ go towards; reach, attain. ~ par- " icch (icch-) f. (fr. "} !+m+
seek)
~
!+~ go away, end. pra- !+~ go away, w wish, anticipation; desire, requiring,
disappear, die. ~ pratyava- +~ go requirement, anticipation, expectation.
against, offend; +~ go down (again), diminish. ~+ -dvea-samuttha a. " +:
~ vi- !+~ go away, disappear. ~ "-+e @ " born of desire/
vipari- + turn around, reverse, fail. ~ requiring and aversion.
vyati- m+ elapse. ~
vyapa- +
"j ijya (ij-ya) pot. ps. pt. (of j} +-j
depart, cease. ~ samati- !+ go
worship 6.8: irreg.) j to be worshiped. "j
beyond, transcend; m+ elapse. ~ ijy f. ritual.
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" itara GITA DICTIONARY (UpasanaYoga.org)

" itara (i-tara) prn. a. 4.16.1: other. " indriya (ind-r[a]-iya) a. (fr. "} e+
"} itas (i-tas) in. (6.19:) !} from this, from have great power) belonging to Lord Indra.
here, hence. " indriya n. l power; pl. +m
" iti pcl. thus (after an exposition, or after an explicit +m the organs, the sense organs, the
powers or functions of knowing (sensing):
listing of one or more items to be discussed or defined),
hearing, feeling (touching), seeing, tasting, and
equivalent of an end-quote (there is no begin-quote
smelling (matching the five sense objects: space,
identifier), at the end of a direct or indirect quote, or a
air, fire, water, and earth), also the powers of
thought not uttered; + ending an expression of the
action: speech, hands (fashioning), feet
reason for what what lies outside of that expression.
(~~4.3). " !: iti artha ("~) m. "
(locomotion), evacuation, and generation. ~!
-agni m. pl. +m % !: the fires that
!: i.e., the idea is, in other words.
are organs of sense perception. ~! -artha m.
"} idam (i-d-am) prn. n. (m. !}, f. "}, m. pl. pl "m} !: : objects of the senses.
"+ 4.8:) } N;}
this, he, she, itgenerally ~! -rma a. "e: ! +
referring to what is near. "}
idam in. " now, who (finds his/her) pleasure through the senses
here, ": thus. (in the playground of objects), given only to
"} idnm (i-d-nm) in. (6.19:) ! now, sensual pursuits. ~} -karman n. "m@
at this moment. activity of the sense and action organs.
"} idh (="}) 2.. (pp. "p 2.76: & 2.78:) e ~+ -gocara m. pl. : : (the field
ignite, kindle. }~ sam- ignite, etc. of) sense objects (such as sounds, etc.). ~
-grma m. "- the group of sense and
"} ind 1.P. e+ have great power.
action organs.
" indra (ind-ra) m. (fr. "} e+ have great
power) + leader of the deities, Lord "; in
" iva (i-va) in. (6.19:) in which way, like, as,
an enclitic that follows the word it modifies; may also
cmpd. ~ chief, leader, king.
68
 (UpasanaYoga.org) GITA DICTIONARY #; da
follow a verb with the sense of seems to. " iha (i-ha) in. (6.19:) ! here, !} in this, in
"} i 4.P. e move, set in motion. this world, in this life, in regard to this; "}
now.
"} i 6.P. (pr. " 5.17.3:, impv. " 5.17.3:, pr.
pt. "} 5.17.3:, pp. " 2.88:, in. pt. " 2.88:) #} k 1.. (pr. #+ 1 sg. #+, pot. ps. pt. #, in.
st

!+m+ seek, strive for, wish, anticipate, desire, pt. ~#) + see, + know. !~ apa- (!+~
require. !~ anu- (!~ 2.11:) seek, etc. 2.8:) !++ observe, consider, regard. !~
ava- (!+~ 2.8:) !++ observe, consider;
" iu (i -u) f. (fr. "} e move) arrow. @+ examine. }~ nis- (~ 2.24: & 2.29:)
~! -sa (~~) m. (lit. arrow shooter) see, etc.; @+ examine. ~ vi- (}~) see, etc.
(}) archery bow; } bowman, archer (also
used as an adjective in this sense).
}~ sam- see, etc. ~ sampra- (~+~ 2.8:)
see, etc.
" ia (i-a) pp. (of "} !+m+ seek 2.88:) what #m kaa (k-aa) n. (fr. #} + see)
is desired, desirable, beloved, favorite. " ia
sight; } eye.
pp. (of j} +-j-w-m-j-+
worship 6.6: & 2.3.a: & 2.81: & 2.88:) j #} 2.. (pot. ps. pt. #) e praise, worship.
worshiped (~~18.70). ~!+ -an- # ya (-ya) pot. ps. pt. (of #} e praise)
iopapatti f. pl. "@ !@ $: to be praised, worshipful.
:
occurrences of the desirable and #;} d (-d) a. (fr. pronominal stem " of "}
undesirable. ~}
-kma-duh f. (sg. nom. compounded with ;} +m+ see, alternatively
~} 3.6.m:) (6.24:) !+} } -+} Paninian grammar takes ~;}V~; as a suffix) (nom.
+ what yields all desired results, the wish- sg. ~;}) (4.17.1:) (lit. of this appearance) %@-
fulfilling cow. of this kind, such.
" iv (i-v) in. pt. (of j} +-j #; da (-d-a) a. (fr. pronominal stem " of "}
worship 6.9: & 2.3.a: & 2.81: & 2.88:) propitiating. compounded with ;} +m+ see [4.17.2:], alternatively
69
# psu GITA DICTIONARY (UpasanaYoga.org)

Paninian grammar takes ~;}V~; as a suffix) (lit. 2.3.a: & 2.82:, cf. !+j}) $ violent, excessive,
of this appearance) %@- of this kind, such. severe. ~} -karman a. m m
# psu (p-s[a]-u) a. (fr. des. of !} + whose actions are violent or cruel. ~* -rpa
obtain 5.41: & 5.12.2:) # " desiring to a. @ *@ whose form is violent.
obtain. $ ucca (uc-ca) a. (fr. $} + in. 2.45:) $N high,
#} 2.. + rule. loud. ~%+} -ais (~e} pl. inst.) in. $N+ highly,
loudly. $e:} uccai-ravas m. (lit. tall
# a (-a) a. (fr. #} + rule) }
ears) $N-m: - j: +-m: " -
master, lord. # a m. + deity, the Lord
(manifest through that deity).
: !-+: the name of a white horse born of
the (churning of the milky) ocean who became a
# vara (-vara) m. (fr. #} + rule) #- vehicle for Lord Indra.
the one who rules (including the jva, who
rules his or her body-mind complex, ~~15.8),
$ ucchia (uc-chi-a) pp. (of }
master, leader; + the Lord (the !+m+ leave as a remainder 2.45: & 2.56: & 2.88:)
! left over. $ uccia n. l-
embodiment of all physical laws, including the
leavings, scrapes (from someone elses plate).
law of karman). ~-bhva m. # +:
: leadership, lordship. $+m ucchoaa (uc-cho-aa) a. (fr. $} +
cs. } make dry 2.24: & 2.45:) jm drying
#} h 1.. (pr. #+) +} exert, engage in
up.
(w/acc.).
$l ukta (uk-ta) pp. (of } m+ speak 6.6: $+ ucyate (uc-ya-te) ps. pr. 3 sg. (of } rd

& 2.3.a: & 2.80:) said, told.

m+ speak 5.37.6: & 2.3.a:) (he/she/it/who)
is said, is called.
$ uktv (uk-tv) in. pt. (of } m+
$ uta (u-ta) in. ! also, and, even; (at the end of
speak 6.9: & 6.6: & 2.3.a: & 2.80:) having spoken.
a line of verse with the sense of) indeed
$ ugra (ug-ra) a. (prob. fr. j} e+ be firm
70
 (UpasanaYoga.org) GITA DICTIONARY $ utsha
(expressing emphasis, or just filling the meter). 2.92:) n. $- : northward course (of the
$} utkrmat (ut-krm-[a]-at) pr. pt. (of sun); m: $m} the six months in which
} -++ walk 5.15.1:) } departing, (the sun) moves northward; m: $m@
dying. + the deity that is the six-months of the
northern course of the sun (~~8.24).
$ uttama (ut-tama) spv. a. (fr. prefix $} 6.25:)
$; most, highest, greatest, best, most $ uttiha (ut-tih-a) impv. 2nd sg. (of $} +
profound, most exalted, better or higher than $@ -;e stand up 5.15.4: & 2.24:)
(w/abl.), (N) limitless, transcendent (you) please get up, stand up.
(of limitations). ~!w -aga n. (lit. highest $ uttha (ut-[s]tha) a. (fr. $} + $@ -
limb) } head. ~!+j} -ojas (~e~) m. ;e
stand up 2.99: & 2.24:) only in cmpd. ~
($@ +j: lit. of greatest power) name of (6.24.1:) $ " what arises; } $
a brother of Yudh-manyu on the Pava side. arisen from.
~} -vid m. (6.24:) $@ + who knows the $ utthita (ut-[s]thi-ta) pp. (of $} +
most exalted (deities, like Indra, etc., $@ -;e stand up 6.6: & 2.99: & 2.24:) $@
~~14.14). : arisen.
$ uttara (ut-tara) prn. cpv. a. (fr. prefix $} $N utsanna (ut-san-na) pp. (of } m+
6.25:) $- northern (opp. dakia) (in this sense disintegrate 6.6: & 2.24:) destroyed. ~ -
declines like prn. a. 4.16.3:); $ upper, higher kula-dharma a. $N: : who
(opp. adhara); $-} later, last (opp. prva), has destroyed the family tradition (~~1.44).
!} future; left (facing the rising sun for $
utsdana (ut-sd -ana) n. (fr. $} + cs.
prayer, the left is towards the north) (opp. to dakia);
} m+ disintegrate 2.24:) destruction,
chief, + superior, ! exceeding. $ destroying. ~!} -artham in. (6.32:)
uttara n. reply, answer; in cmpd. ~
!} for destroying.
!m a cover. ~!m -ayaa (~m because of
71
$ utsha GITA DICTIONARY (UpasanaYoga.org)

$ utsha (ut-sh-a) m. (fr. } } dispute), bystander, an acquaintance. ~}

-vat
endure) $ effort, diligence; endurance. in. (6.19:) $+: } like (someone)
$;j utsjya (ut-sj-ya) in. pt. (of ;j} + indifferent, seemingly indifferent.
emit 6.9: & 2.24:) casting away. $/ udhta (ud--h-ta) pp. (of $ + /
$} ud in. prefix $+ up, upwards, upon, over; + speak) stated, said, called.
beyond; } forth, out, apart. $/ udhtya (ud--h-tya) in. pt. (of $ +
$ uda (ud-a) ($} per Paninian grammar, which / speak 6.9:) $ pronouncing.
drops } as first or last member of cmpd. 6.29:) (fr. $} $ uddiya (ud-di-ya) in. pt. (of }
++ wet) only in cmpd. for $ water. ~ !+ point out) (lit. pointing to) !+
-pna m.n. (lit. water-drinking) - a with regard to, considering; towards, !}
water-hole, bathing tank, etc. for.
$ udaka (ud-a-ka) n. (fr. $} ++ wet) j $+ uddea (ud-de-a) m. (fr. } !+
water. point out) + reference, description; !+m
$ udara (ud-ar-a) n. (maybe fr. & e move) inquiry. ~} -tas in. (6.19:) %-++ in part;
j belly. w++m in summary.
$ udra (ud-r-a) a. (fr. & m+ attain) $p udbhava (ud-bhav-a) a. (fr. $+
$; exalted. become) in cmpd. ~ $: born of. $p
m. $ origin, birth; $ arising,
$ udsna (ud-s-na) pr. mid. pt. (of !} udbhava
$++ sit irreg. ~# for ~!) being indifferent, prosperity.
$+ indifferent, neutral (understands both $ udyata (ud-ya[m]-ta) pp. (of $} + }
sides in any dispute and is not dependent upon $+ hold up 6.6:) $-; up held, raised,
its outcome). $ udsna m. } poised; l prepared, about to, set to (with dat.,
@ j+ one who does not take a side (in a loc., inf., or in cmpd. ~).
72
 (UpasanaYoga.org) GITA DICTIONARY $w upasagamya
$ udyamya (ud-yam-ya) in. pt. (of $} + } concluding section teaches brahman, the final
$+ hold up) raising. teaching of the Veda. Upa + ni + sad means
$+ udvega (ud-veg-a) m. (fr. j} -+: what causes the disintegration and (final)
be afraid, be agitated 2.82:) - destruction (sad viarae avasdane) of what is
agitated state of mind, anxiety. not wanted, i.e., sasritvam, and the attainment
(sad gatau) of what is wanted, i.e., moka, by
$} und 7.P. ++ wet. }~ sam- wet. definite knowledge (ni- nicayena jnena) of
$} unmiat (un-mi-[a]-at) pr. pt. (of $} + what is nearest (upa- upnte), i.e., the pratyag-
} $+ open the eyes 2.24: & 2.44:) tman (or upa- upagamanasya [for the one who
opening the eyes. approaches] the teacher).
$ upa in. prefix + near, next to; !} $ upapatti (upa-pat-ti) f. (fr. $ + }
within, into; !+ expressing commencement; + e approach 2.42:) w occurrence; l
$
}j} expressing reverence or worship. upa in. in connection, proof, reasoning.
cmpd. with nouns and non-verbal adjectives ~ it also
has the senses: !} subordinate, inferior;
$N upapanna (upa-pan-na) pp. (of $ + }
(with numerals) : nearly.
+ e approach 6.6:) ! has come.
$< upadra (upa-dra-) m. (fr. ;} +m+ $+
+j+
upabhoga (upa-bhog-a) m. (fr. j}
consume) ! consumption,
see 2.85:) -:} immediate witness.
experiencing.
$} upaniad (upa-ni-ad ) f. (fr. } $ upam (upa-m[]-[a]-) f. (fr. +
m+ disintegrate, !+ bring to an end,
measure) ; simile, comparison.
e attain/know 6.24: & 2.101:) - +:
the concluding section/knowledge of Veda (any $ uparata (upa-ra[m]-ta) pp. (of } ;e
complete book of knowledge, esp. the four stop 6.6:) ceased, quit.
Vedas: g, Yajus, Sma, and Atharvan) which $ upaviya (upa-vi-ya) in. pt. (of }
73
$w upasagamya GITA DICTIONARY (UpasanaYoga.org)

!+ enter into 6.9:) sitting down, entering. Lord), reverence (in attitude), service (in
$w upasagamya (upa-sa-gam-ya) in. actions).
pt. (of } attain 6.9: & 2.55:) @ to be $+ upeta (upa-i-ta) pp. (of " e
reach)
attained. $ arrived; l endowed (w/inst.), in cmpd. ~
$ upastha (upa-stha) m. (fr. !} - possessed of.
;e stand within) (lower) seat. $+ upetya (upa-i-tya) in. pt. (of " e reach
$ upahata (upa-ha[n]-ta) pp. (of } 6.9:) $ reaching.

@} destroy 6.6:) ! overwhelmed, $e upaiyasi (upa-e-ya-si) fut. 2nd sg. (of

overcome. " e reach 2.9: & 2.101:) you will attain.
$/ upahta (upa-h-ta) pp. (of / m+ $ ubha (ubh-a) prn. a. (only in du. 4.16.b:)
convey) offered. both.
$ upya (upa-ay-a) m. (fr. " e reach) $ ubhaya (ubha-ya) prn. a. (only in sg. or pl.
$ approach; means, method. ~} 4.16.2:) both. ~ -vibhraa a. $}
-tas in. (6.19:) $} by (proper) means. !:-: fallen from both.
$ uprita (upa--ri-ta) pp. (of $} uras n. } chest. Often $ ura in cmpd.
+} seek) !- taken refuge in (w/acc.), ~. ~ -ga (ura- ga) m. (lit. moves on its
committed to. chest) snake.
$ upritya (upa--ri-tya) in. pt. (of $ ulba (ul ba) n. -+ womb.
+} seek 6.9:) ! following, taking refuge $ uvca (u-vc -a) perf. 3rd sg. (of }
in (w/acc.). m+ speak 5.10.3:) (he/she/it/who) said.
$ upsana (upa-s-ana) n. (fr. !} $} uanas (u-an -as) m. (3.6.i: irreg. nom. sg.
sit) + worship (esp. mentally
$++ ~) $ : the name of a seer in the Vedas,
worshipping or appreciating some aspect of the
74
 (UpasanaYoga.org) GITA DICTIONARY & tu
he is also called ukra, the counsel for the asuras group of ancestors.
(demons). & 6.P. (pr. & 5.17.3:, pp. &, pp. cs. !
$} u 1.P. + burn. 6.6:) ego; m+ gain, attain; cs. ++ cast,
$ uitv (u-i-tv) in. pt. (of } + stay offer, resolve (the mind) into. !~ - !-
6.9: & 2.3.a: & 2.101:) @ ! having lived m+ get into trouble. }~ sam- go, etc.
(there). &} c f. (fr. &} e praise) l a Vedic hymn
$m ua (u-a) a. (fr. $} + burn) hot; (in general); &+ : a mantra (here a
-+ a kind of taste: spicy hot. $m ua n. metrical verse that is so recited) of or from the
heat, hot season. g Veda; generally in pl. &+ the whole g Veda
(10,522 mantras in the sahita section, i.e., the
$) ru (ru) m. thigh. initial, pure
mantra section without the
$j rjita (rj-i-ta) pp. (of den. fr. $j` meaning brhmaa [the ensuing internal prose
force) -l powerful, mighty. commentary]).
$ rdhva (rdh-va) a. $ raised, elevated, & cch (cch-) f. (fr. &} + befall,
upward; $; superior, beyond. ~} -m in. incur) @ occurence.
(6.16:) $e: high, above, $ afterwards. ~
-mla a. $@ @ whose root is superior or
&j} j 1.. e acquire, l-e be vigorous.
beyond (i.e., !-lV [the unseen, & ta (-ta) pp. (of & e go m+ attain)
unmanifest cause of the seen universe]a true, $ fitting (true to the facts). & ta n.
material cause is always viewed as superior to its } truth.
effects, ~~15.1). & tu (-tu) m. (fr. & e go/attain) :
$ mapa (-ma-pa) m. pl. (fr. $} + : : } : } &: " -
burn + + drink 6.24.1:) (lit. drinking the +: season (the six seasons of two lunar months
stream of hot [p] food) ;-m-+ a certain each are in order described here more in terms
75
&+ te GITA DICTIONARY (UpasanaYoga.org)

of the northern Indian climate: the cool [iira, subject matter, single-pointed. ~!}
-antam
part of January to part of March], spring, in. !} fully, adequately. ~-tva n. %+
summer, rainy, autumn, and start of cool). oneness, identity, being one, !+ being not
&+ te (te) in. (6.16:) without, except different. ~l -bhakti a. % % l:
(w/acc. or abl.). whose worship is of the one (the Lord who is

&p ddha (d-dha) pp. (of &} ;pe thrive 2.76: everything). ~ -stha a. (6.24.1:) %} %
& 2.78:) prosperous.
: in one place, together, %} !
: united or resolved into one (tman,
&} dh 4.P. (also 5.P.) (pp. &p 2.76: & 2.78:) ~~13.30).
;pe thrive, increase. }~ sam- thrive, etc.
% ek-daa (ek-da-a) ordinal (4.23.b: &
&} 6.P. e flow, attain. 4.26:) eleventh.
& abha (-a-bha) m. (fr. &} e flow, %} ekkin (ek[a]-kin) a. !- without
attain) ; bull; + chief (in cmpd. ~). a companion, alone.
& i (-i) m. (fr. &} e
flow, attain) %} etad (e-ta-d) prn. (m. %:, n. %}, f. %: 4.7:)
} a seer (of the Vedic mantras), one } } this, he, she, itgenerally referring to
with clear knowledge, sage. what is immediate (more near than "}). %} etad
% eka num. a. (4.23.a:) one. % eka prn. a. in. %} in this way; !: thus; ! here, now.
single, alone; a, an (an indefinite article 7.3.2:), a ~+ -yoni a. %+ + ; +:
certain, some one; + only; !- non-dual, having these two (the lower and higher praktis,
oneness. %} !} ekam a-karam n. ~~7.6) as their source.
!+w the sacred sound symbol Om (~~10.25). %} etvat (et-vat) a. "} so much, so
~!@ -aa m. %: : one part. ~!
-a- many, this much or many; % so far, this
kara n. %} !-} single syllable. ~! far.
-agra a. %} !@ : having a single
76
 (UpasanaYoga.org) GITA DICTIONARY
% eti (e-ti) pr. 3 sg. (of "
rd
e reach) (he/
she/it/who) goes, reaches, attains.
%} edhas (e[n]dh-as) n. (fr. "} e kindle)
" fuel, wood log.
% ena (e-na) defective enclitic prn. (m. %}, n. %},
f. %} 4.10:) this, he, she, it.
% eva (e-va) in. (6.19:) !m+ only, just, the
very same, a restrictive particle following the word to
which it belongs; sometimes merely for stress or to fill
meter.
%} evam (e-va-m) in. (6.19:) + +m in this theLord.
!+} om
subject to negation.
%+ airvata (air-vat-a) m. (" water/milk
fr. " e reach) "} : : one who
is born of the (mythological milky) ocean
(irvat); -j: +-m: " -: j-
+: the name of a white elephant born of the
(churning of the milky) ocean who became a
vehicle for Lord Indra.
%+ aivara (ai-var[a]-a) a. (fr. #} + rule)
#- lordly, as the Lord. %+ aivara n.
lordship; l power, the power which is

way; as, such. ~* -rpa (~@*~) a. -

@ *@ of such (a previously shown) %+ aivarya (ai-var[a]-ya) n. (fr. #} +
form. ~ -vidha (~@~) a. - in such rule) lordship; l power, the power
a manner, in such a form. which is the Lord.

% eyati (e-ya-si) fut. 3 sg. (of " e go/

rd !+j} ojas (oj-as) n. (prob. fr. j} e+ be firm
attain 5.33: & 2.101:) (he/she/it/who) will go, will 2.3.a:, cf. j) strength, +j} power.

attain. !+} om (om) in. (fr. !} m+ protect; the syllable

%+ aikntika (aika-ant-[a]-ika) a. (fr.
!} + bind, limit) (lit. being the only end
or conclusion) %@ + attaining
exclusiveness or perfection, attaining absolute
necessity, !-} unfailing, unerring, not
is composed of [but not separately pronounced
with] the three letters a u m, upon which in Mkya
Upaniad are superimposed as a praava [sound
symbol] the threefold manifestation of lifes experience:
waking-consciousness, dream-conciousness, and sleep-

77
!+ oadhi GITA DICTIONARY (UpasanaYoga.org)

consciousness; with the so-called fourth being ka interrogative prn. (m. :, n. }, f. ) +

tmanVbrahman, the silent basis before, during, and who, what, which? why? w/inst. } what
after those three [sounds/experiences]. Sometimes written is gained by? or what is the use of?
with the pratim [stylized written symbol] ) n. } (usually with the neuter form }) (7.9.7:). ~!
reality (!+} " , e~$~1.8.1); m the sacred -api (m. +{, n. , f. ), ~ -cana
sound Om; !+ used at commencement (and (m. , n. , f. ), ~ } -cid (m.
conclusion) of an act; w+ used to invocate }, n. ,} f. }) prn. cmpd. a. or noun
auspiciousness; -+ yes, %} ! may it be so. (where only prn. stem is inflected) (an indefinite)
~ -kra (~w~ 2.55:) m. m the sacred some, any, a certain, one, a rare one; with (e.g.,
sound symbol Om. !+@ } o tat sat Om na ki-cid) no one, nothing 4.20:.
(tmanVbrahman) is that reality. ka n. happiness; j water. ka m. }
!+ oadhi (or ~) (o-a-dh[]-i) f. (fr. !+ reality; j- Lord Praj-pati.
burning, maybe contextually sunrays + m+ } kac-cid (kac-cid) in. (Vedic neut. sg. acc. }
hold) - a plant (such as rice, barley, + } 4.20: & 2.24: & 2.45:) + (a particle of
etc.). interrogation expressing) has? (meaning I hope that?);
!e aupamya (aupa-m[]-ya) n. (fr. + (with a negative) I hope not that?
measure) $: : basis of comparison kau a. -+ a kind of taste: pungent.
(upam). ~!mmm*} -amla-
!e auadha (au-a-dh[i]-a) n. (lit. made lavatyua-tka-rka-vidhin
from oadhi [plants]) -m: } !+ (~}}~) a. ! : !: m: $m:
what is eaten by all living beings, food; m: *: (too) pungent, sour,
@ +j} herbal medicine (for curing salty, spicy hot, bitter, astringent, or burning
hunger and other diseases). (~~17.9).

78
 (UpasanaYoga.org) GITA DICTIONARY kamala
katara (ka-tara) prn. (n. sg. } 4.16.1:) as was Bhma, Arjunas brother) offered to sit atop
+: } which of the two? Arjunas chariot as his banner to bless their side. He
} kath 10.U. (impv. , fut. , pr. pt. slept through most of the war as he was very old and the
}) -+ report (verbally or in battles were not the equal of the one he saw between Lord
writing), tell. Rma and the ten-headed demon Rvaa in the more
ancient Rmyaa epic (as Vysa playfully knits
} katham (ka-tham) in. (6.19:) + m+ in together in this side story Indias two great epics).
what way, how?
} kathayat (kath-ay[a]-at) pr. pt. (of } kapila (kap-i-la) a. (fr. } + waver)
w-m tan colored (monkey-colored).
-+ report) talking, telling, teaching.
kapila m. -+: the name of a seer/sage and
kad (ka-d) in. (6.19:) } + at which a siddha (one who is born already wise) who as a
time, when? ~ -cana or ~} -cid in. young boy was said to have taught his mother
} + (an indefinite) at some time; with brahma-vidy (the knowledge of reality).
(e.g., na kad-cana) never (4.20:).
} kam 1.. "} desire.
kandarpa (kan-darp-a) m. (} meaning kamala (kam-ala) m.n. (fr. } "}
} pleasure + fr. ;} ++ be confused, be
desire) $ lotus. ~! -sana-stha a.
proud) @ @ + ; ( + ) what
(or who) elates or deludes by pleasure,
!+ : (said of Lord Brahm, the
originator of the universe, who is picturesquely
desire, passion, love; -+ the deity that is
portrayed as) seated in the lotus (in the universe,
love/desire.
i.e., in Brahma-loka [the heaven of Lord
kapi (kap-i) m. (fr. } + waver) Brahm] within the universe; that lotus/universe
monkey. ~j -dvaja a. } j+ itself growing from the navel of [i.e., sustained
(Arjuna) who has Lord Hanumn on his banner. by] Lord Viu, see pralaya). ~ -patrka
Lord Hanumn (the son of the Lord as Wind, the same m. @ -@ } !m (Lord
79
} kamp GITA DICTIONARY (UpasanaYoga.org)

Ka) whose eyes are like a lotus petal. ; kart (kar-t) m. (fr. ; m+ do) doer,
} kamp 1.. (inf. }) + waver. ~ the agent of action, maker, author. ~ -tva n.
vi- waver. ; doership; $ origination.
kara (kar-a) a. (fr. ; m+ do) $ } karman (kar -man) n. (fr. ; m+ do)
producing (usually in cmpd. ~). action (often limited to choice-based and therefore
action that creates puya or ppa [meritous
m karaa (kar-aa) n. (fr. ; m+ do 2.92:) human
or demeritous results], i.e., action born of the
means, instrument; " organ (of action,
judgment I am the doer, I am the experiencer
perception, or knowledgethe means for
aha kart aha bhokt), } % action
movement, sensing, or understanding).
that binds (the agent of the action to the
karla a. (;) horrible. eventual result of the action, which may require
)m karua (karua) a. )m ; :+ another birth, for a different type of body, in
} )m: who has compassion, has sympathy order to experience the result); duty;
(towards those in pain). enjoined action, ritual (There are three technical
m kara (kara) m. m: ear; name of a great categories of enjoined actions or rituals prescribed in the
warrior fighting against the Pavas (a foe of Veda. They are: nitya-karman [daily rituals that must
Arjuna, who was generally, including by himself, be done], naimittika-karman [occasional rituals that
thought to be a son of a chariot driver, but was must be done at various times], and kmya-karman
actually a secreted older brother to the [optional rituals that may be done to attain certain
Pavas). desirable results]. Also the term kmya-karman may be
extended to the first two [that are considered kartavya
kartavya (kar-tavya) pot. ps. pt. (of ;
(to-be-done duties or obligatory actions), and this is how
m+ do 6.8:) m to be done.
Lord Ka used the term in ~~18.2], in as much as
} kartum (kar -tum) inf. (of ; m+ do 6.10: they may be performed to gain puya, a desirable result
& 5.34:) to do.
80
 (UpasanaYoga.org) GITA DICTIONARY } karman
such as heaven, and in as much as even these duties cease that are born of karman and which lead to
to be obligatory duties through the formal ceremony of further karman, ~~15.2). ~"}-in (~}) a.
taking to a lifestyle of sannysa, ~~18.2. When even !-+-} who performs Vedic
this notion of gaining a desirable result drops due to rituals (such as the daily fire ritual called agni-
natural maturity and by inquiry guided by a teacher and hotra, etc.). ~" -indriya (~+~) n. pl.
texts like the Bhagavad Gt, then the karma-yogin m@ "m the organs/functions of action
who still carries out these activitiessimply because it is (within the body): the organ of speech, hands
a duty, simply because they are for rallying the people to (fashioning), feet (locomotion), evacuation, and
the path of dharma, and simply because it is generation. ~;} -kt a. (6.24.2:) + who
reciprocating within the cyclic order of the universeis does action. ~+ -codan f. m@
living a life equivalent to a sannysin. Both these what impels action, instigator of action. ~j -ja
lifestyles, karma-yoga and sannysa, are sanctioned by a. (6.24.3:) : j: arising from actions.
the Veda, are an expression of the knowledge that is ~ -phala n. m: } result of action.
eternally true, and are conducive for gaining clarity in ~ -phala-tyga m. m@ :
that knowledge); sometimes used for - the result renunciation of (the false notion of being the
of action, #@ : what is most desired by author and experiencer of) the result of action.
an agent, the desired object (~~18.18); (in the ~} -phala-tygin a. m@
terminology of the grammarian Pini) the one who renounces (the false notion of
grammatical object (in a sentence). karma being the author and experiencer of) the result
in cmpd. ~, (6.29:). ~!} -anubandhin of action. ~+ -phala-prepsu a. -@
a. -m} !: ! connecting to + " who has a requirement/anticipation
karman (karmic merit and demeritsaid of the (i.e., binding desire) to obtain the result of
secondary roots [rga-dveas (overpowering action. ~@+ -phala-sayoga m. -
likes and dislikes)] feeding the tree of sasra @+: connection with (i.e., attainment
81
} karayat GITA DICTIONARY (UpasanaYoga.org)

of) the results of action. ~+ -phala-hetu -sagraha m. m: w: total components

n. -@ m} (~~2.47, do not take (i.e., constituents) of action. ~ -sajita
yourself as the) cause of the results of action. a. - called karman. ~N
~w -phalsaga m. !@ + -sannysa m. m: : complete
!w: identification with actions and renunciation of action. ~N+
attachment to results. ~ -bandha m. % -sannysa-yoga m. -N: " +: m@
: bondage which is but karman (aha kart whose topic is karma-sannysa. ~p
I am the doer backed action). ~ -samudbhava a. m: $: born of
-bandhana a. @ for whom karman karman.
binds; n. % } the bondage that is } karayat (kar-ay[a]-at) pr. pt. (of cs.
action. ~+ -yoga m. % +} $: the ;} -m+ become thin) ;-}
means which is but karman (as a emaciating.
bhoktVexperiencer with samatvaVevenness of
attitude, as a kartVdoer with kaualyaVpropriety,
} kal 10.P. (pr. pt. }) w+ enumerate,
calculate; e go, take to; ++ impel; 1.. +
i.e., in keeping with dharma); - pursuit of
sound.
duty (as a means for preparing the mind for
tma-jna), $ invoking or appreciating the } kalayat (kal-ay[a]-at) pr. pt. (of }
Lord in all ones activities. ~+ -yoga a. w+
enumerate) @ m@ } one who
" +: m@ whose topic is karman. calculates.
~w -saga m. ;;+ @ kalila (kal-i-la) a. (of } ++ impel)
attachment (excessive devotion) in action (or in thick, dense, mixture, impure.
rituals, for their results seen in this life or in any kalila m. () turbidness, confusion
future life). ~w} -sagin a. m !w} (of the mind).
committed to (the results of) action. ~w + kalevara (kale-var-a) n. (poss. kale-vara
82
 (UpasanaYoga.org) GITA DICTIONARY w kkita
+ + @ +} best in seed ) + body. health, prosperity. ~;}
-kt a. (6.24.2:) -;}
kalpa (kal p-a) m. (fr. ?} + be able, who performs good actions, who does adaptive
be fit for) rule, usage; - a day of Lord actions (in conformity with dharma).
Brahm, the length in time of one manifestation kavi (kav-i) m. (fr. + sound) +}
of the universe (kalpa = 1,000 mah-yugas = wise person, sage, seer, - one who sees
1,000 cycles of the 4 yugas = 4.32 billion human far ( all, as well as past, present, and future),
years = 1 day-time of Lord Brahm, see pralaya). - one who is all-knowing (in general, i.e.,
~! -di m. $- the beginning knowing the essence of everything; not in detail,
(moment) of the manifestation period of the which only can be attributed to the Lord who is
universe. ~-kaya m. the waning everything, and lights up everything as the only
(moment) of the manifestation period of the conscious being).
universe, - the start of pralaya (the } ka 2.. + whip, strike.
disolution of the universe).
} ka-cid (ka-cid) (see ka + cid) prn. cmpd.
+ kalpate (kalp-a-te) pr. 3rd sg. (of ?} masc. sg. nom. (an indefinite) some, any, a certain.
+ be able, be fit for) (he/she/it/who) is fit kamala (ka-mal-a) n. (fr. } +
(for).
whip, strike) ! despair.
kalmaa n. karmic demerit; !-p } kasmt (ka-smt) in. } why?
impurity, !:-mp impurity of the mind
(what blocks one from assimilating tattva-jna, w} kk 1.P. (sometimes . in epic lit.) (pr.
i.e., rga-dveas, etc.), impediment. w . 1 sg. w+, pr. pt. w}, pp. w 6.6:)
st

"} desire, long for, strive for, anticipate,

m kalya (kal-ya-aa) a. (fr. } + require, expect. !~ - desire, etc.
sound) -l
pleasant, beautiful, good.
m kalya n. w the good, virtue, w} kkat (kk-[a]-at) pr. pt. (of w}
"} desire) } desiring, requiring.
83
w kkita GITA DICTIONARY (UpasanaYoga.org)

w kkita (kk-i-ta) pp. (of w} (~+~) a. + " : : +} $+:

"} desire 6.6:) desired, required. : having consumption of objects of
w} kkin (kk-[a]-[]-in) a. (fr. w} desire as the ultimate (in life). ~-kma a.
"}desire) w " ! " having a } } + " who requires objects
desire, desirous, requiring, seeking. of desire. ~} -kmin a. : : }
kcana n. m gold. @ @ whose tendency is to require/
anticipate objects. ~ -kra m. m}
kma (km-a) m. (fr. } "} desire) action (i.e., pressure) of desire, the action of
" like (non-binding desire), inclination, requiring. ~} -kratas in. (6.19:)
preference; -+e attraction and repulsion, m: due to the action (i.e., pressure) of
requirement/anticipation (requirements in order desire, due to the action of requiring.
to be happy and anticipation of their fruition), ~+m -krodha-paryaa a. -+e
binding desire (for or againstbinding in the } !} !: whose ultimate end is
sense that it forces one into actions that commit one to requiring/desire (initially) and anger (eventually).
reaping their specific results in this life, or necessitating ~+l -krodha-viyukta a. : +:
future lives), demand, craving, requiring, want; -+e @ l: free from requiring
- object of desire; -) the third and anger. ~++p -krodhodbhava a. :
of the four pururthas (see artha-kma); a. +: e $p: whose origin is
+ " in cmpd. ~ desirous of. ~!} requiring and anger. ~} -duh f. (nom. sg. }
-tman a. + ! !:-m@ whose 3.6.m:) (6.24:) (lit. wish yielder) -
mind is (steeped) in desires, -@ } @ + e: (in mythology, seer/sage
full of requiring (of binding desires). ~# Vasihas) milk-cow who yields all desirable
-psu (~+~) a. -@ # " -+: with things (for one who is a brhmaa by attitude),
a requirement/anticipation to attain an object of produced from the churning of the primordial
desire. ~$+ -upabhoga-parama
84
 (UpasanaYoga.org) GITA DICTIONARY } krayat
milky ocean by the deities and demons. ~+ %+ optional; } } } $ --
-bhoga m. +: object of desire. :- + @ } @ }
~+} -bhogrtham in. (6.32:) -+- any rite such as a ritual, charity or prayerful
+j for the consumption of objects of discipline which is done with a view to (its)
desire. ~-rga-balnvita a. : result and involves much effort is proclaimed to
: -e ;@ @ --@ + be a kmya (optional) karman.
kmy f.
!: filled with the pressure of requiring " desire.
(demands for fulfilling likes and dislikes) and kya m. + body. ~+ -klea-bhaya
attraction (adding virtues on things that they n. : } fear of affliction to the
dont have). ~j -rga-vivarjita a. body. ~+ -iro-grva n. sg. : :
: ;m !-N;+ + : + (2.4: & 2.24: & 2.33:) body-head-neck.
+, : : -e @ j:
who is free from requiring (towards unattained
kra (kr-a) a. (fr. ; m+ do) generally in
objects) and attachment (towards attained comp. ~ m performing, performer of,
objects, literally brightening up because of the causing. kra m. ; doer, maker; m
acquired objects). ~* -rpa a. : % *: action, making; (in comp. ~) !- the letter,
! whose form is but kma, as . sound, also considered a suffix (Y) $m+ for
~wj -sakalpa-varjita a. e: the sake of pronouncing. ~ -ka a. in comp. ~
me: we: j: free from kma and performing, performer of, causing. ~}
(its cause) sakalpa (scheming for the future).
-tas in. (6.19:) in comp. ~ m} because of the
~e -haituka a. : +: whose cause is
action of, out of (binding) desire.
(binding) passion.
kmya (km[a]-ya) a. (fr. } "}
m kraa (kr-aa) n. (fr. cs. ; m+ do)
+ cause, reason; $ means; sometimes in cmpd.
desire) desireable, backed by desire;
~ for the sake of.
85
} krayat GITA DICTIONARY (UpasanaYoga.org)

} krayat (kr-ay[a]-at) pr. pt. (of cs. ; vyavasthiti f. !- :

m+ do) causing (others) to act. determination of what is to be done and not to
m krpaya (krp-a[a]-ya) n. (fr. ;} be done. ~m;
-karaa-karttva n.
e+be weak, pity 2.92:) miserliness @ @ m +m m
(unwillingness to employ ones resources when -m +@ ;@ $} origination
required, cf. ;~$~3.8.10, one who departs from of the effects (the body and objects) and the
this world without knowing this imperishable, O instruments (for experiencing them, i.e., the
Grgya, is a miser, and ~~2.42, ;m: - senses and mind, including their attributes, such
+: Those motivated only for the results of as pleasure, pain, etc.).
action are misers); ; pity. ~++ kla (kl-a) m. (fr. } w+ count)
-doopahata-sva-bhva a. m} % +: time, juncture, occasion, season; Lord Death.
+ $: -: (lit. whose disposition ~!N -an-ala-sannibha a. -+
[i.e., mind] is overcome with the defect of !: !: : ;: like the fire (at the
miserliness) whose mind is overcome with end) of time (at the end of a cosmic cycle, when
miserliness; whose mind is overcome with pity. the universe is resolved in a conflagration into
krya (kr-ya) pot. ps. pt. (of ; m+ do an unmanifest state).
6.8:) to be done, to be made. krya } k 1.U. (cs. pr. ~+) e shine; cs.
n. +j purpose; effect; } duty (what + reveal. ~ pra- shine, etc.
is to be done), service, activity. ~! -a- j ki-rja (k-i-rj-a) m. (fr. }
krya n. du. -p+ e+ e+ shine) : j the king of the Kis,
e
-p+: + what is to be done and who fought on the Pava side.
not to be done (in regard to enjoined and
prohibited actions, expounded both commonly
kya (k-y-a) m. (fr. } e shine)
(7.4.5:) : j a name for the king of the
and scripturally). ~!
-a-krya-
86
 (UpasanaYoga.org) GITA DICTIONARY kunt
Kais on the Pava side. (pr. pt. }, pp. 6.6:) @+ proclaim,
} kit 3.P. (Vedic) + know. narrate, recite, acknowledge. ~ pari-
proclaim, etc. ~ sampra- proclaim, etc.;
} kim interrogative prn. (n. sg. nom., see also prn. } +m~ state very well.
stem ) + who, what, which? why? 4.12:; w/inst.
} what is gained by? or what is the } krtayat (krt-ay[a]-at) pr. pt. (of `
use of? (7.9.7:). } kim interrogative pcl. @+ proclaim) acknowledging.
(6.20:) how? + why? (often not translated, krti (krt-i) f. (fr. ` @+ proclaim)
except by turning an expression into a question of } fame, honor, name recognition.
whether something is or is not); bad; w/negative ++ } kutas (ku- tas) in. (6.19:) } from which
not, never. ~! -cra m. : ! !: or what, how? } how much less!
what is his conduct? (~~14.21). }
kim
kunti m. pl. name of a people. ~+j
nu interj. } how much less! or how much
-bhoja m. name of the king of the Kunti people,
more! (as a censure).
who adopted Kunt, and who fought on the
kira (kir-a) n. crown, jeweled Pava side.
headband. ~"} -in (~}) a. @ +-
m-+: } ! (m. Arjuna or Lord
kunt f. mother of the Pavas. She was
given, as a young girl, the gift by the irascible brahmin
Ka) adorned with a crown.
Dur-vsas to conceive a son by any deity she so invoked.
kilbia (kilbi-a) n. karmic demerit; In her virginity to test the boon, she invoked Lord Sun
!transgression, fault (which for the one and gave birth to Kara, whom she secretly adopted out.
who wants complete freedom, even puya as Once married to Pu, who could not have progeny due
well as ppa are faults, as they both bind one to to a curse, she was allowed to give birth to Yudhi-hira
sasra). through Lord Dharma, Bhma through Lord Vyu,
` krt (or >}, or maybe a den. fr. ) 10.U. and Arjuna through Lord Indra, hence their special

87
) kuru GITA DICTIONARY (UpasanaYoga.org)

gifts and powers. ~ -putra m. : a son collect) @ family, lineage, clan; -j-m
of Kunt. (group of the same kind) community, guild,
) kuru (kur-u) m. (fr. ; m+ do, cf. 5.22.1:) herd, flock, swarm. ~ -kaya m. :
name of a king (founder of the Kuru dynasty). destruction of the family. ~;
-kaya-kta
~+-ketra n. +: : the land or field of a. +m ;: acquired by destroying the
Kuru, an extensive plain (72 by 72 miles) near family. ~ -ghna a. @ " destroyer of
present day Delhi, and the site of the great war the family or clan. ~ -dharma m. :
in the Mahabharata epic. ~ -nandana m. family or clan custom, clan tradition. ~
-str
(Arjuna) *} " the one who brings f. pl. : the women of the clan (the
joy to the Kuru people. ~ -pravra m. women being the maintainers of the family
(Arjuna) +: : hero of the Kuru people. ~;p traditions, ~~1.41).
-vddha a. *m@ ;p: the senior of the Kuru } ku (or }) 4.P. @++ embrace, encircle.
family. ~+ -reha m. (Arjuna) +: : kua (ku-a) m. (fr. } @++ encircle) ;m-
best of the Kuru people. ~ -sattama a. (m. + a kind of grass (also called darbha) (used for
Arjuna) +: !-: very best of the Kuru covering the ground of a ritual area; the grass is
people. long and has a sharp end; it can be woven into
} kurvat (kur-v-at) pr. pt. (of ; m+ do rope or a mat).
5.22.1:) doing, acting, performing action. kuala (ku-a-la) a. (fr. a grass used
m kurva (kur-v-a) pr. mid. pt. (of ; for sacred rituals) l () proper, +
m+do 6.5: & 2.92:) !} following, auspicious.
performing kusuma n. flower. ~! -kara m.
} kul 1.P. @e compact, collect. (lit. bestower of flowers) the spring
kula (kul-a) n. (fr. } @e compact, season (see tu).

88
 (UpasanaYoga.org) GITA DICTIONARY ;} ktin
ka (kta) a. immovable, immutable; mood of accomplishing the action indicated by the noun.
(also kta) + false, deceptive. ka m.n. ~ ni- +~ make low, bring down, humble.
- heap (of grain, etc.); !+- iron ~ vi- e+~ make different, modify.
hammer; deception, the (mere) apparent. ;} kt a. (fr. ; m+ do) only in cmpd. ~
~ -stha a. (6.24.1:) @ @ who or (6.24.2:) + " what does (the action of).
what remains immutable or unchanged (a jnin,
~~6.8); + @ what remains (true)
; kta (k-ta) pp. (of ; m+ do) having done,
done, performed, accomplished, acquired;
in the apparent (brahman, ~~12.3), !+--
doing; in cmpd. ~ also has the sense of ~
-+m : what remains (as material
cause of the world, as my) in the (endless)
relating to, having to do with. ; kta n.
form(s) of deception (because, without this
action. ~! -ajali a. @-;- with
teaching, we misunderstand ourselves, the
hands folded (in supplication). ~! -anta a.
;@ !: : } where
world, and the Lord, ~~15.16).
action is brought to an end; m. ;: +-m:
krma (krma) m. turtle. !: +: Vednta (the Upaniads, which
; k 8.U. (pr. + )+ 5.22.1: pl. teach brahma-vidy wherein one understands
5.22.1:, impf. . 3 pl. ! 5.6.b:, impv. P. ) .
rd
oneself as free from all karman), the culmination
) 5.22.1: & 2.101:, pot. P. } 1st sg. } of the Veda (which mostly prescribes ritual
5.22.1:, fut. . 1st sg. +, ps. pr. + actions, ~~2.4246 and 18.13). ~% -e (~+ loc.)
5.37.3:, cs. pr. , cs. ps. pr. + 5.37.7:, pr. pt. in. (6.16:) !+ on account of, for the sake of
} 5.22.1:, pr. pt. cs. }, pr. ps. pt. m (w/gen. or in cmpd. ~). ~; -ktya a. ;@ ;@
6.5: & 2.92:, pr. mid. pt. m 6.5: & 2.92:, pp. ;, @ + by whom what is to be done has (all)
pot. ps. pt. 6.8: or 6.8:, in. pt. ;, inf. been done, who has accomplished (all of) his/
} 6.10: & 5.34:) m+ (+) do, accomplish, her duties. ~ -nicaya a. ;: : +
make, used with nouns in acc. to express the tense or (lit. by whom resolve is formed) having
89
;} ktin GITA DICTIONARY (UpasanaYoga.org)

resolved. departs from this world, he is a kpaa) (one

;} ktin (kt-in) a. (fr. ; m+ do) } who is unwilling to employ ones resources when required,
doing; ;- accomplished. who does not chose to inquire into ones own nature and
thus end sasritva, when one has this human
;} ktvas (k-tv-as) (fr. ; m+ do) in cmpd. capability of choice and the means for inquiry are
~ in. (4.27:) ~m times (used with numerals).
available).
; ktv (k-tv) in. pt. (of ; m+ do 2.11:) ; kp (kp-[a]-) f. (fr. ;} e+ be weak,
; doing, performing. } ; bahis
pity) )m pity (along with its accompanying
ktv (bahi ktv) in. pt. : } % ;:
regret), commiseration, rue; compassion.
what is external remaining external
(~~5.27), i.e., keeping external.
;kpa m. (;) Droas brother-in-law,
who fought on Dur-yodhanas side.
; ktsna (kt-sna) a. (fr. ;} ++ surround) ;} k 4.P. (cs. pr. , pr. pt. cs. }) -
- complete, entire, in entirety. ~;} -
karma-kt a. --;} who has
m+ become thin; cs. make thin, emaciate.
accomplished everything that is (essential) to- ;} k 1.P. (pr. ) !m+ draw (drag
be-done (i.e., who is mukta [completely free]). along), pull, attract.
~} -vat in. } " as though (it is) ; ki (k-i) f. (fr. ;} !m+ drag) +:
complete, as if (it is) everything. ~}
-vid a. +} plowing (the land), agriculture
(6.24:) ; whose knowledge is (~~18.44). ~emj
-gau-rakya-
complete (with tma-jna). vijya n. ;: e-@ mj@
;} kp 6.. (Vedic) e+ be weak, pity. agriculture, maintaining animals, and commerce.

;m kpaa (kp-aa) m. (fr. ;} e+ be ;m ka (k-a) a. (fr. ;} !m+ draw,

weak, pity 2.92:) miser (;~$~3.8.10 he who, attract) ;m-m}
dark, black, dark-blue.
without knowing this immutable one, O Gargi, ;m ka m. name of a son of Vasu-deva and
90
 (UpasanaYoga.org) GITA DICTIONARY e kauala
Devak, and grandson of ra who was also the Arjuna.
father of Kunt (Arjunas mother), teacher of +} kein (ke-[a]-in) m. (lit. having a
Arjuna in the Bhagavad Gt, m-! mane) +- - } !: the
incarnation of Lord Viu. ;m ka n. ;m- name of a demon disguised as a horse. +
m dark color; ;m- the dark fortnight, the kei in cmpd. ~. ~ -nidana (~~)
period of the waning of the moon; ;m-- m. +@ } (Lord Ka) the destroyer
+ the deity that is the dark fortnight of the demon Kein.
(~~8.25); ;m--+- the path (of the
departed jva) associated with the deity which is
e+ kaunteya (kaunt[]-eya) m. (Arjuna)
: !} son of Kunt (Pth wife of
the dark fortnight (~~8.26).
Pu).
?} kp 1.. (pr. +) (said to be a substitute for e kaumra (kau-mr-[a]-a) n. (maybe fr.
;} with the following meaning) + fit for,
+ ; m-+ die, i.e., lacking death) -
conduce to, become; + (m+) fashion,
pre-puberty (before yauvana),
make.
childhood.
+ ketu (ket-u) m. (fr. } + know) e kauala (kau-a-l[a]-a) n. (maybe fr. }
light, ray of light, splendor; banner, flag;
[~}] @++ embrace, encircle) -: $-
mark, sign.
: () discretion, appropriateness,
+ kevala (kev ala) a. % alone, pure, only, propriety (as in ~~2.50, i.e., living a life of
mere; ; complete, every, all. ~} -m in. (7.8.8:) dharma, knowing the proper thing to do at the
% only; } entirely; } but (only). proper time, where the end does not justify the
+ keava (ke-a-va) m. (Lord Ka) +- means, where the end and the means are in
the destroyer of the demon Kein. ~!j keeping with dharmaby this one protects
-arjuna m. du. +: !j: Ka and oneself, cf. N }| N

91
 kratu GITA DICTIONARY
}, e~$~1.11); mprosperity; em think the most skilled warrior, entrepreneur, politician,
expertise, skillfulness. This last meaning,
skillfulness, has been adopted (copied?) by many
translators in ~~2.50. But without a clear
explanation of what that means in the context it can be
very misleading. At best this meaning in the context of
karma-yoga can be employed metaphorically for the
careful cutting and handling of the sharp edged kua
grass used as mats in rituals, hence this same skill and
care should be employed in doing karman that needs to
be carefully selected and handled so as not to hurt one
with its binding nature. But this physical-handling
metaphor does not do the work of a definition of karma-
yoga, which is essentially a mental attitude. And
~~2.50 is a definition of karma-yoga. The central
tt-paryaVpurport of the Bhagavad Gt is not
business management, rather it is personal maturation
and mokaVcomplete freedom. Karma-yoga cannot
make you a more skillful worker, or efficient warrior, as
it has nothing whatsoever to do with skill in action as we
normally understand skill. Arjuna was already the most
skillful warrior of his time, but it does not follow that he
must then have been an accomplished karma-yogin
before Ka even started His discourse. Who would
(UpasanaYoga.org)
artist, athlete, and entertainer would, because of their
skill, be the best prepared for moka? In most Sanskrit
dictionaries you will see two main meanings for
kaualya, prosperity and skillfulness. Please see
The Aruna Coursebook Lessons 35 and 53. Rather,
here the etymological meaning, kuala-bhva, is clearly
the most appropriate, as kaualya means the nature of
being kuala, and the primary conventional meaning of
kuala is proper, therefore kaualya clearly can and
does mean propriety, and this ties karma-yoga as a
definition directly to doing what is ones duty, sva-
dharma. And this meaning is the most appropriate in
the context, as nowhere else in the Bhagavad Gt is it
claimed that karma-yoga gives you skills or makes you
prosperous. And everywhere in the Bhagavad Gt
karma-yoga is presented as doing ones duty because it
is to-be-done, and not because one will gain some limited
result like marketable skills, special powers, a kingdom,
or heaven. That is, you do an action just because it is the
right thing to doand that is what personal maturity is
all about.
kratu (kr-a-tu) m. (fr. ; m+ do) e-}
Vedic ritual; w resolution, purpose.
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 (UpasanaYoga.org) GITA DICTIONARY katriya
} kram 1.U. (pr. ~+ 5.15.1:, pr. pt. } afflicted; P. + afflict, torment. ~ pari-
5.15.1:, pp. 6.6:) -++e
walk, step; be afflicted, etc.
move. !~ abhi- walk, etc. $}~ ud- ($}~) } klb 1.. !-+ be not bold, be timid.
+ depart, die. ~ vi- + step over, + klea (kle-a) m. (fr. } + afflict)
overtake.
: pain, trouble; + an affliction (disease,
m kriyama (kri-ya-ma) pr. ps. pt. (of etc.).
; m+ do 6.5: & 5.37.3:) is performed. e klaibya (klaib-[a]-ya) n. (fr. } !-+
kriy (kri-y) f. (fr. ; m+ do 2.70:) } be not bold, be timid) !-e) unmanliness or
action, activity, a practice; !-+: e- unwomanliness, neither a man or a woman;
ritual (prescribed in the Veda, such as agni- $l impotency, inability to usefully act.
hotra, etc.). ~+ -viea-bahula a.
kva in. } where? when? ~} -cid in.
m@ +: -+: + : } } (an indefinite) somewhere, sometime.
involving many special kinds of rituals (or
practices).
} na kva-cid in. } } no
where, never.
} krudh 4.P. ++ be angry. m} ka (=} 2.92:) 8.U. @} harm,
krra (kr-ra) a. harsh, severe; break.
lacking compassion, cruel.
m kaa (ka-a) m.n. (fr. m} @} break)
+ krodha (krodh-a) m. (fr. } ++ be angry) moment. ~} -m in. %-} for a
+ anger. moment.
} klid 4.P. (cs. pr. +, pot. ps. pt. + 6.8:) katriya (ka[]-tr[a]-iya) m. (fr. m}
!- + become wet; cs. !- -m+ make harm) m} + one who protects
@}
wet, soak. from harm, a person of the military or ruling
} kli 4.. or 9.P. (pp. 2.85:) . $+ be class (by jti/birth [as one was generally born
93
 kapita GITA DICTIONARY (UpasanaYoga.org)

into and brought up in the familys trade], or " what perishes, perishing, }
simply by sva-bhva/disposition). According to destructible.
karman with its emphasis on personal responsibility, one ktra (k[]-tr[a]-a) a. ( dominion, said
is born into a life for which one is suited and which is to be fr. m} @} harm) -} related
deserved. to or connected with the military or ruling class.
kapita (ka-p-i-ta) pp. (of cs. @} ktra n. -j the military or ruling
destroy 5.40: irreg. like j) caused to class (by jti/birth or sva-bhva/disposition).
exhaust, destroyed. According to karman with its emphasis on personal
} kam 1.. (also 4.P.) (cs. pr. 1 sg. +) +
st responsibility, one is born into a life for which one is
endure; cs. @ m+ ask patience and suited and which is deserved.
understanding. knti (kn-ti) f. (fr. } + endure
kam (kam-[a]-) f. (fr. } + endure) 2.55:) -e !-
remaining
! !-;-
no change unchanged (when wronged by another),
in the mind towards mental or physical affliction accommodation, being patient, and
(where a reaction like anger does not even arise), understanding towards others (accepting the
accommodation, composure, patience, and other persons limitations, and understanding
understanding. the background behind that persons action, i.e.,
initially with a mastered mind not emotionally
} kamin (kam-[]-in) a. (fr. } +
reacting to the wrongs, then with the informed
endure) } accommodative, patient, and
intellect not allowing the build up of hurt and
understanding.
resentment).
kaya (kay-a) m. (fr. @} destroy) ki 5.P. (pp. or m 6.6: w/irreg. lengthening
! decrease; destruction, loss.
of ", pp. cs. or 5.40: irreg. like j)
kara (kar-a) a. (fr. } + flow, wane) @} destroy; ps. + decline, exhaust.
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 (UpasanaYoga.org)
ki 1.P. or 6.P. (pr. 1. 6. 2.67:)
m+
possess, m+ govern, rule, protect;
dwell (peacefully).
} kit (ki-t) a. (fr. m+ govern) only in
cmpd. ~ (6.24.2:) " protect.
} kip 6.P. (pr. ) +m+ throw.
kipra (kip-ra) a. (fr. } +m+ throw)
quick. ~} -m in. (7.8.8:) } quickly.
m ka (k-a) pp. (of @} destroy
w/irreg. lengthening of ") exhausted, destroyed.
~ -kalmaa a. m m : " +: m@ whose topic is the
whose impediment (or karmic demerit) is
destroyed.
} kud 1.U. and 7.U. +m+ pound, trample
upon.
kudra (kud-ra) a. (fr. } +m+ pound)
! small, lowly (down-trodden).
+ ketra (ke- tra) n. (fr. + dwell)
a field; +} +} what is like a harvest field,
GITA DICTIONARY + kema
modifications (including the mind, ~~13.56),
+ i.e., the gross, the subtle, and the unmanifest
universe (including this human mind-body
complex). ~"} -in (~}) a. +} ! !
who has a ketra (a mind-body complex, a
universe), !} (the one) who obtains in the
universe (~~13.33). ~+ -ketra-ja m. du.
+@ +-: the mind-body/universe and the
knower of the mind-body/universe, the field
and the knower of the field. ~++
-ketra-ja-vibhga-yoga a. +-+--
distinction between the ketra and the ketra-ja.
~+@+ -ketra-ja-sayoga m. +
+- @+: the (mistaken) connection
between ketra and ketra-ja (~~13.26). ~
-ja m. (6.24.1:) +@ j " the knower of
the ketra (the universe); +@ + !+ because
of whom this universe is known.
+ kema (ke-ma) m. (fr. m+
possess,

-m-w the human mind-body complex m+ protect, ++ dwell [esp. in an undisturbed

place]) m} protecting what one has,
(where the fruits of puya and ppa are reaped),
being defensive; - what one wants to
--w everything consisting of the
protect, the agreeable, prosperity, health.
basic elements plus their cause and all their
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 kha GITA DICTIONARY (UpasanaYoga.org)

~ -tara cpv. a. (6.25:) !-- more ~! -gata pp. a. (in n. sg. or pl.) @ !@
agreeable, better. @ + coming and going, transient;
kha n. ! space. n. @ temporal existence. ~ -rasa a. -

} khan 1.U. !m+ dig. l without taste, whose taste has gone. ~
-vyatha a. @ } from whom fear
khy 2.P. (impv. 5.6.a:, pp. ) is gone, who has no fear. ~w -saga a. ;-
+ tell. !~ - tell. }~ sam- (w}~ 2.55:) w without association or attachment, free
tell, + tell completely; m+ enumerate. from association or attachment; !- no
ga (ga[m]) a. (fr. } go) only in cmpd. ~ identity with. ~+ -sandeha a. l-@ free
(6.24.3:) " what goes; moving. from doubt.
} gacchat (gacch-[a]-at) pr. pt. (of } go gati (ga[m]-ti) f. (fr. } m+ go, e attain
5.15.6:) moving, walking. 6.6:)
going, knowledge (mano-gamana
j gaja m. } elephant. ~" -indra (~j+~) [going/reaching with the mind]); course,
m. great elephant, noble elephant. $ means; ! condition, state, nature;
m} ga 10.U. w+ count, enumerate. attainment, goal, end, result, lot.
m gaa (ga-a) m. (of m} w+ count) gatv (ga[m]-tv) in. pt. (of } m+ go,
collection, group.
e
attain 6.9: & 6.6:) having gone, having
attained.
gata (ga[m]-ta) pp. (of } m+ go, attain
6.6:) gone; reached, attained; in cmpd.
gad (gad[a]-) f. e--m club made of
or spiked with iron, a mace. ~"} -in (~}) a.
~ ! resting or obtaining in, (often having just
the sense of the loc.) in. ~! -asu (gata-asu) a.
! + bearing a mace (said of Lord
Kahis weapon for beating down ego
: !: m: } from whom the lifes
[ahakra]).
breath(s) is gone, -m (lifeless) dead.

96
 (UpasanaYoga.org) GITA DICTIONARY } gm
gadgada (gad-gad-a) n. (fr. intens. of } ava- reach, etc. !~ - reach, etc; +~ come.
l@ speak 5.42: & 5.13.2:) }Y (!- $}~ upasam- (~w~ 2.55:) reach, etc. ~
-) faltering in speech, stammer. ni- +~ reach, etc. ~ vi- ;m+~ go away,
gantavya (gan-tavya) pot. ps. pt. (of } depart. ~ samadhi- reach, etc. ~
m+ go, e attain 2.55:) to be attained. sam- + come together.
gantsi (gan-t-asi) peri. fut. 2nd sg. (of gamya (gam-ya) pot. ps. pt. (of } m+ go,
} m+ go, e attain 5.34: & 2.55:) (you) will e attain) to be attained.
go to, will attain. } garyas (gar--yas) cpv. a. (fr. > +
gandha (gandh-a) m. fragrance. invoke, or fr. ) honorable 6.25:) ) more
honorable, venerable, greater, better.
gandharva (gandh-ar-va) m. --
+-+-+ celestial musicians in heaven. garbha (garbh-a) m. $ womb; -
~pw -yaksura-siddha- fetus, embryo. @
garbha dadhmi
sagha m. pl. : : !: p: I place the seed, I impregnate (~~14.3).
+@ w:
groups of gandharvas, yakas, } gah 10.U. + be thick, enter into deeply.
asuras, and siddhas. gahana (gah-ana) a. difficult to attain,
} gam 1.P. (pr. 5.15.6:, impv. , pot. difficult to know; + difficult to enter, dense,
+}, !YAorist 2 sg. !: [ : 5.5.c:], peri.
nd
impenetrable.
fut. 2nd sg. gan-t-asi 5.34: & 2.55:, ps. pr. m gva (or m) m.n. the name of
+, pr. pt. } 5.15.6:, pp. 6.6:, pot. ps. pt. Arjunas bow (given to him by Lord Agni); (any)
or 2.55:, in. pt. 6.9: & 6.6: ~ 6.9:) bow.
m+ go, move; e reach, approach, attain, take gtra (g-tra) n. (fr. e move) !w limb
to (w/abstract noun in acc. 7.8.2:), know (attain
(of the body), + body.
with the mind). !~
adhi- reach, etc. !~
} gm (g-m) f. acc. sg. (of + 3.41:) the earth,
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 } gmin GITA DICTIONARY
etc.
} gmin (gm-in) a. (fr. } m+ go) @
} ! " inclined to go.
gyatr (gy-a-tr[a]-) f. (fr. e [=
5.8.8:] + sing) -+ name of a certain mantra
DC+ BmC} +D +CD | +C + D: word(s).
C+B}G (This particular mantra is given to a young
child during the upanayaa ceremony initiating the child
into brahma-carya. It means We meditate upon that
to be worshipped of the sun as [this] effulgence of the
Lord which impels our intellects, which can be
understood one way as a simple devotion by a child, and
later understood another way as an expression of
brahma-vidy. It is chanted in the gyatr meter
(hence its name) during sunrise, mid-day, and sunset
prayers, hence its reference to the sun, and on other
occasions also); +-+ the name of a meter
(consisting of three pdas [quarters/feet] of
eight syllables each. In the first pda of the above
verse, as is common in the Veda, and in particular for
the Vedic future passive participle suffix ~% replaced
in classical Saskta by ~!, the semi-vowel }
reverts back to a vowel for metrical and pronunciation
purposes, hence tat-sa-vi-tur-va-re-i-am, thus
(UpasanaYoga.org)
am accounts for the eighth syllable. This reversion of
the } to " is also required in order to get the normal form
of the gyatr meter with its 5th-6th-7th syllables of each
pda as light-heavy-light respectively).
} gir f. (fr. > + speak 2.67:) speech,
gta (g-ta) pp. (of e [= 5.8.8:] + sing
6.6:) sung. gta n. song, poem.
gt f. @ } a poem in keeping with
what is said in the ruti (scripture, a feminine
word).
+ gukea m. (Arjuna) :
! #: who is a master over lethargy,
: : #: who is a master over sleep;
(perhaps alternatively derived as) : +: +:
whose hair is gathered on top (in a ball
[gua] (as Lord iva is depicted, for whom this
compound is also an epithet; and in regards to Arjuna,
perhaps in preparation of an archer for battle, in which
case it could be a fitting epithet signifying prepared for
battle/archery). Some Western translators take this
cmpd. to mean whose hair is thick, but this is
neither a fitting epithet of the greatest warrior of his time,
nor is gua in the sense of thick any more attested in
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 (UpasanaYoga.org) GITA DICTIONARY
existing Saskta literature than they claim is the word
guk in the sense of lethergy or sleep, apart
from this compound. Besides, the surviving Saskta
literature today is only a fraction of the literary and
spoken Saskta that flourished at any one time in the
past, and many words have a one-time meaning in a
certain compound or in a certain literary context,
therefore elsewhere unattested meaning is quite an
empty argument when placed against the interpretation of
vastly better read scholars of the past who themselves were
undoubtedly fluent speakers of the language, and who
lived in the culture in which this language flourished.
m} gu 10.U. !m+ invite, address. three tangible elements: fire [i.e., sattva], water [i.e.,
m gua (gu-a) m. (fr. m} !m+ invite,
address) o- strand of rope (three strands
making a strong rope); (proper or improper)
virtue; + quality, attribute; principle (a
basic or fundamental constituent within any
thing/system proposed for explaining some
aspect of that thing/system); pl. -j+-
*-m- the three-fold guas (the subtle
principles of the universeesp. of mental
dispositions): sattva (energy, potency, mentally it
is the very nature of thought, which is naturally
m gua
clear), rajas (movement, mentally it is agitation,
when the thinking process becomes muddled
through agitation), and tamas (mass, mentally it is
dullness, when the thinking process becomes
muddled through dullness) (see +~$~4.5, 5.7 for
one of the few presentations of the guas in the
Upaniad literature) (These three guas likely are
derived from or in parallel with the concepts that are
widely developed in the Upaniad literature, namely the
three regions of the world: the light-giving heavens [i.e.,
sattva], the turbulent atmosphere and clouds [i.e.,
rajas], and the dense, inert earth [i.e., tamas]; or the
rajas], and earth [i.e., tamas]the later trio as
implying the concept of the parallel application of the
three guas is, I think, found in ~$~6.4.16, and
then perhaps slightly more elaborated in +~$~, cited
above); (pl.) j} the world or universe (including
this body-mind complex), -m-w this
body-mind complex, m-m the effects of
the guas. ~! -atta a. m} !: crossed
over the guas. ~! -anvita a. -:-
+e: me: !@ !: endowed with (the
effects/modifications of) the guas (such as
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) guru GITA DICTIONARY (UpasanaYoga.org)

pleasure, pain, and delusion, ~~15.10). ~} delusion). ~ #

-maya a. (f. ) m-
-karman n. pl. m@ m the actions of the modification of the (three) guas, in the form of
guas (6.32:); m: m (the effects/ the (three) guas. ~w -sakhyna n.
modifications of) the guas and (their) actions m@ w@ } the teaching of the guas.
(6.40:). ~ -karma-vibhga m. m- ~w -saga m. m+ w: attachment towards
: -: (~~3.28) the distinction the guas. ~ -sammha a. -m-
of the guas (from I) and the distinction of w+} who confuses (him/herself) with
karman (from I). ~} -karma- this body-mind complex.
vibhgaas in. (6.19:) m-: -: ) guru (gur-u) a. (fr. > + speak, e
according to the division of gua (mental praise, or fr. > m+ devour, cf. 2.69:)
disposition) and karman (duty). ~} -tas in. honorable; } great, big, heavy. ) guru m.
(6.19:) -m+ according to the guas. ;m $ !-@
one who
~+ -traya-vibhga-yoga a. m- teaches dharma or who destroys ignorance, a
-: " +: m@ whose topic is parent, -: !: } )-:
the division of the three guas. ~;p N+: !-+} ): " !+
-pravddha a. me: -j+: ;p: - a teacher is called a guru (because he or she
;: nourished by the guas. ~+} removes darkness [i.e., ignorance], since the
-bhedatas in. (6.19:) m@ @ ++ sound gu [as in the verbal root guh] means
according to the differences in (the darkness, and the sound ru [as in the verbal
preponderance of each of the) guas. ~+;l root rudh] means the remover of that).
-bhokt a. m@ -j@ -+m -
:-+-m@ $ the experiencer of
} guh 1.U. (pot. ps. pt. ) @m+ conceal,
hide.
guas (which through the elements of sound,
etc. transform into the forms: pleasure, pain, and guhya (guh-ya) pot. ps. pt. (of } @m+
conceal) + to be hidden; hidden, secret.
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 (UpasanaYoga.org) GITA DICTIONARY grasamna
guhya n. } a secret. ~ -tama spv. a. + go (3.41:) m. ;
bull; pl. heavens; pl.
(6.25:) + most secret (because it was hitherto m rays, any of the heavenly bodies: sun,
unknown, it needs special teaching to be known, it moon, and stars. +
go f. + cow; earth;
remains unknown even though taught, or it is too } speech, words. ~
-cara m. (lit. cow
precious or sacred to be revealed to just anyone, pasture) + field; pl. "-: (the field of)
~~9.1). ~
-tara cpv. a. (6.25:) + more sense objects. ~-mukha m. (+: " }
secret. ! like of a cows head) @ -
; gha (gh-a) m. (fr. } $+ grasp 2.3.a:) + m} a curved musical instrument (probably
() house, home. made from or resembling a cows horn). ~
-vinda m. (Lord Ka) @ (finder of
; gtta (gh--ta) pp. (of } $+ take 6.6: cow(s)) the cowboy; +: +-e: +
irreg. lengthening of connecting " vowel) -; taken,
+ the one who is understood (found)
gripped; in cmpd. ~ l endowed with.
through words (of the Upaniads).
; ghtv (gah--tv) in. pt. (of } $+ +; gopt (gop-t) a. (fr. } m+ protect) m@
take 6.9:) -; taking, assuming.
protector.
;} ghat (gh--at) pr. pt. (of } $+ take e gau-rakya (gau-rak[a]-ya) n. (fr. }
5.23.2:) grasping.
+ protect) : " +-: : e-
> g 6.P. (pr. 2.67:) m+ swallow, @ -@ ": business of tending cows or
devour. cattle, animal husbandry, maintaining (domestic)
> g 9.P. (pr. ;m 5.23.3:) + call out, invoke, animals (~~18.44).
pray, e praise. } gras 1.. (pr. mid. pt. ) !+ devour,
+ geha n. ; house, home. swallow.
e gai (= 5.8.8:) 1.P. (pp. 5.8.8: & 6.6:) + grasamna (gras-a-mna) pr. mid. pt. (of
sing.
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 m grasiu GITA DICTIONARY (UpasanaYoga.org)

}
!+ devour) devouring, swallowing. wane, fade (physically).
m grasiu (gras-iu) a. (fr. } !+ ghtayati (ght-aya-ti) cs. pr. 3rd sg. (of
devour) - naturally devouring. m } @} destroy 5.40:) (he/she/it/who)
grasiu m. a devourer. causes to kill, causes the death of.
} grah 9.U. (pr. ; ;++ 5.23.2:, ps. pr. ;+ } ghu 1.P. + make a sound.
5.37.6: & 2.3.a:, pr. pt. ;} 5.23.2:, pp. ; 6.6: irreg. + ghora (ghor-a) a. (fr. } -+
be
lengthening of connecting " vowel, pot. ps. pt. 6.8:, frightful) cruel, gruesome, horrendous,
in. pt. ; 6.9: & 6.6:) $+ (-+) take, frightful.
grasp, take control, master. ~ ni- -+ take
+ ghoa (gho-a) m. (fr. } + make a
control; m+ withdraw.
sound) noise.
grma m. - village; collection, ghna (ghn-a) a. (derived from the weak form of ~},
group.
the bare root stem 6.24: from the root } at the end of a
grha (grh-a) a. (fr. } $+
grasp) cmpd., with the addition of ! to make the declension of
! receiving, taking; m holding, grasping. the cmpd. easier, cf. 3.21:) only in cmpd. ~ "
grha m. understanding. who kills, killer of, destroyer of.
grhya (grh-ya) pot. ps. pt. (of } $+ } ghnat (ghn-at) pr. pt. (of } @} destroy
take 6.8:) to be grasped. 6.4: & 5.19.5:) killing.
grv (gr-v) f. (fr. > m+ swallow) m ghr 1.P. (pr. j 5.15.4:, pr. pt. j}
neck. 5.15.4:) ++ smell, sense smells.
glni (gl-ni) f. (fr. e -+ be weary m ghra (ghr-a) n. (fr. smell) +
[mentally], -+ wane, fade [physically]) smelling; m-+ the sense of smell.
waning.
ca encl. cj. + and, also, placed at the end of each
e glai 1.P. -+ be weary (mentally), -+
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 (UpasanaYoga.org) GITA DICTIONARY } car
connected word or only at the end of the last connected flickering. ~ -tva n. w+ agitation.
word, similarly connecting phrases at the appropriate } catur (cat-ur) num. a. m.n. pl. (f. pl. ;
position for an enclitic particle in the phrase(s) 4.3: & 4.25:) four. : : catvra manava
7.2:. the four (special of the fourteen) Manus: Daka-
cakra (ca-kr-a) n. (fr. redupl. of; m+ do s-vari, Brahma-s-vari, Dharma-s-vari, and
5.8.3:) w wheel; m disk; - the discus Rudra-s-vari. ~
-tha cat-ur-tha ordinal (4.26:)
of Lord Ka (his boomerang-flight-like fourth. ~ -daa ordinal (4.26:) fourteenth.
weapon for destroying the enemies: kma and ~j -bhuja a. : j: (m. Ka/
krodha). ~"}
-in (~}) a. } ! ! Viu) who has four arms (represented as
holding a discus. ~
-hasta a. @ + holding a discus [for destroying kma and
holding a discus in one hand. krodha], a mace [for beating down ahakra], a
} cak 2.. (pr. 3rd pl. + 5.6.c:, poss. a conch [=Vedas] calling the people to His
reduplicated form of } e shine ca-k[] teaching, and the fourth pointing to his feet
5.8.3:) l@ announce, tell; + see, look. indicating surrender as the alternative to his
~ pari- announce, etc. discus and mace). ~
-vidha a. :-
four-fold.
} cakus (cak-us) n. (fr. } + see)
+ eye; ; vision, -+ the sense of } candramas (cand-ra-mas) m. (fr. }
seeing. !+ be glad, e shine) moon.
cacala (ca--cal-a) a. (said to be fr. } } cam 1.P. !+ eat, (w. !~) drink, sip; +
e move, but probably an irreg. intens. redup. of destroy, consume.
} e move 5.13.2: expecting }, cf. intens. cam (cam-) f. (fr. } + destroy) +
redup. syllable of } e move } 5.42: & 1.5.d:) army.
!@ } very agitated, very mobile, fleeting, } car 1.P. (pr. , impv. , pr. pt. }, pp.
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 cara GITA DICTIONARY (UpasanaYoga.org)

) e move, go, take to. !~

- + brhmaa-vara educators, katriya-vara
perform, follow; + approach. }~
nis- administrators, vaiya-vara entrepreneurs, and
(~~ 2.24: & 2.27:) + go away. ~
sam- dra-vara laborers).
+ perform, follow. cndramasa (cnd-ra-mas-a) a. (fr.
cara (car-a) a. (fr. } e
move) jw } !+ be glad, e shine) :
moving, what moves. ~!
-acara a. : !- lunar, of the moon.
: mobile and/or immobile (i.e., sentient cpa (cp-a) m.n. } archery bow.
and/or insentient).
} crin (cr-in) a. (fr. } e move)
} carat (car-[a]-at) pr. pt. (of } e move) moving, !} being engaged in.
moving.
ci 5.U. (pp. ,in. pt. ~ 6.9:) wm+
} cal 1.P. (pr. , cs. pr. , cs. pot. gather (esp. ritual firewood); gather (with the
+},cs. ps. pr. +, pp. 6.6:) + mind). }~ nis- (~~ 2.24: & 2.27:) m+
shake, be agitated; e move. ~ vi- shake, etc.; determine. }~ vinis- (~~ 2.24: & 2.27:)
cs. -+ disturb, afflict. }~
m+ determine. sunis- (~~) m+
cala (cal-a) a. (fr. } + shake) determine.
agitated; fleeting. cikru (ci-kir-[a]-u) a. (fr. des. of ;
calita (cal-i-ta) pp. (of } e move 6.6:) m+ do 5.41: & 5.8.3:) } ": desirous to do.
moved, wandered. ~ -mnasa a. @ } cit 1.P. (cognate to Vedic } + know)
@ : whose mind wanders away. (pp. ) + understand, perceive.
m ctur-varya (ctur-var-[a]-ya) n. (fr. citta (cit-ta) pp. (of } + understand)
} four + ; !+ cover) m-m four- thought, perceived. citta n. !:-m
fold grouping (for any human society [mnue mind.
loke], in relation to function [karman] they are:
citra (cit-ra) a. -m multicolored. ~
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 (UpasanaYoga.org) GITA DICTIONARY
-ratha a. -: having a brilliant chariot;
m. the name of a king and great artist, born of
the celestial sage Kayapa.
} cint 10.P. (pot. +}, pr. pt. }, pot. +
ps. pt. ) ;} reflect, ponder, think,
contemplate. !~anu- x++:
;} accordingly reflect (upon the teaching of
the scripture and the teacher). ~
pari- :~
contemplate everywhere.
} cintayat (cint-ay[a]-at) pr. pt. (of }
;}
mentally reflect upon) contemplating,
remembering.
cint (cint-[a]-) f. (fr. } ;}
mentally reflect upon) !m- thinking
over and over, ruminating, worrying, anxiety.
cintya (cint-ya) pot. ps. pt. (of }
;}
mentally reflect upon) + to be
meditated upon.
cira (ci-ra) a. (fr. wm+ gather) - the limbs.
-} lasting a long time. ~!} -t (abl.) +
~% -ena (~+m inst.) in. +m + after a long ce
time.
m` cr 10.U. (pp. m 6.6:) +m+ crush, e caila n. cloth, garment. ~!j+
e caila
grind.
m crita (cr-i-ta) pp. (of m` +m+ crush
6.6:) crushed.
cekitna (ce-kit-na) m. (fr. intensive
perf. mid. pt. of Vedic } + know 5.13.1: & 6.5:)
name of a Ydava chieftain on the Pava side.
+ cetana (cet-ana) a. (fr. } +
understand) e-l being conscious. +
cetana m. +: : a conscious being. +
cetan f. p-; faculty of cognition, p the
cognition itself.
+} cetas (cet-as) n. (fr. } +
understand) } mind. ~! - (inst.) in. p in
the mind, mentally.
+} ced (ca-id) pcl. if (m+++ used to point
out an antithesis), never begins a sentence or pda (like
enclitic).
+} ce 1.. (pr. ++) #} ($+) act, move
(ce-[a]-) f. (fr. +} $+ act)
- bodily movement, gesture, activity.
-ajina-kuottara a. e@ !j@ :
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+ codan GITA DICTIONARY (UpasanaYoga.org)

$@ !m@ } } that on which the cover sever 2.42:) severing, cutting, felling (a tree).
is a cloth, hide, and grass (as an example of an } chid 7.U. (pr. P. sg. pl. , pp.
sana [seat], from bottom up: 1st the kua grass N 6.6:, pot. ps. pt. + 6.8:, in. pt. 2.42:, inf.
for insulation from damp or cold ground, 2nd a +} 6.10: & 5.34:) e-m+ sever, cut; +
hide for padding and protection from the sharp destroy. }~ sam- (}~ 2.55:) sever, etc.
pointed kua grass, and 3rd a cloth or clothing
for softness and protection from possible
N chinna (chin-na) pp. (of } e-m+
sever 6.6:) severed (6.6:). ~! -abhra n. N@
irritation from the hide, ~~6.11).
+: cloudlet, a cloud split off from a cloud bank.
+ codan (cod-an[a]-) f. (fr. } +m+ ~e -dvaidha a. N@ e@ @: whose
impel) - a statement that promotes doubt(s) has been resolved. ~@
-saaya
action; that which impels, an impeller. a. N: @: whose doubt(s) has been
cyu 1.U. (pr. ~+ 5.3: & 2.3: & 2.71:, pp. resolved.
) e go, waver, fall; e abandon, lose +} chettum (chet-tum) inf. (of } e-m+
(w/abl.). sever 6.10: & 5.34:) to sever, to eliminate.
} chandas (chand-as) n. (fr. } @m+ +; chett (chet-t) a. (fr. } e-m+ sever
cover, "} wish, desire) + Vedic text; ; 2.42:) ; destroyer, remover.
the meter of a verse, the arrangement of
syllables in a verse and their quality (light or
j ja a. (fr. j} $} be born) only in cmpd. ~
(6.24.3:) j is born of, caused by.
heavy); n. pl. +: the Vedas, verses of the Vedas.
} chalayat (chal-a-y[a]-at) pr. pt. (of den.
j} jagat (ja-ga-t) a. (fr. redup. } or both
meaning m+ go, e attain 5.8.3:, popular
fr. meaning 5.43:) deceiving, what
etymology is j} + } born-gone 6.24.3:
deceives.
i.e., ephemeral) jw moving, all that moves.
chittv (chit-tv) in. pt. (of } e-m+ j} jagat n. all, universe (the entire gross
106
 (UpasanaYoga.org) GITA DICTIONARY j} janman
and subtle universe, including ones own j jana (jan-a) m. (fr. j} $} be born)
body-mind complex), + world, earth, beings, j people (with plural sense even in the singular),
human beings. ~
-nivsa (~N~) m. j: j creature, person. ~! -adhipa m.
: !: (Lord Ka) the abode of the j} !: protector of people, king. ~!
universe, the Lord. ~
-pati m. : -ardana m. (fr. !` e go + pray) j}
Lord of the universe. ! (Lord Ka) the one who takes people
j jaghanya (ja-ghan-[a]-ya) a. (fr. j (to their just end by giving them their karma-
posterior, rump, fr. reduplication of } @} phala), je: !+ the one who is prayed to by
destroy 5.8.3: with } reverting to } cf. 2.105:) ! the people; (poss. fr. &} ++ disperse or ++
lowest, last. ~m; -gua-vtta-stha afflict) j@ +: the one who afflicts people
(or ~;~) a. (6.24.1:) j: !e m: (by giving them their karma-phala, thus
j-m: : ;@ } : continuing their sasra). ~@} -sasad f.
who are situated in the condition (i.e., j@ : the company of people.
sleepiness, laziness, etc.) of the bottom gua j janaka (jan-aka) m. (fr. j} $} be
(tamas). born) ; father; King j (regarded as an
jw jagama (ja-gam-a) a. (fr. intens. of } enlightened emperor, very supportive of
go 5.13.2: & 2.55:) -l-l having the power scriptural scholarship). ~!
-di a. pl.
to move, moving, mobile. jw
jagama n. beginning with King Janaka, etc. 6.39:.
jw- a mobile being (opposed to sthvara). j jantu (jan-tu) m. (fr. j} $} be born)
j} jan 4.. (pr. j+ 5.16.4:, cs. pot. j+}, pr. pt. m} creature; !--+} + j:
cs. j}, pp. j 6.6: irreg.) $} be born, an individual (with the judgment that I am this
arise, be (by nature), become. !~ abhi- be body due to ignorance which is the problem).
born, etc. $~ upa- be born, etc. }~sam- j} janman (jan-man) n. (fr. j} $} be
(~ 2.55:) be born, etc. born) $p ($) birth. j janma in cmpd.
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j japa GITA DICTIONARY (UpasanaYoga.org)

~, (6.29:). ~ -karma-phala-prada j victory. ~!j -a-jaya m. du. j:

& 2.71:)
a. (6.24.1:) m: @ -@ j % -@ !-j: victory and/or defeat.
} " what gives (another) birth as a j} jayat (jay-[a]-at) pr. pt. (of j + be
result of action(s). ~ -bandha m. j % victorious 2.71:) victorious. ~ -ratha (~~) a.
: bondage which is (re-)birth. j} : whose chariot is victorious; m.
~l -bandha-vinirmukta a. j name of a king with a huge army, a
% : j-: + l: freed from the brother-in-law to Dur-yodhana, who fought on
bondage which is (re-)birth (birth here being Dur-yodhanas side.
upalakaa for [implying] all change, all becoming,
since all change essentially involves being born into
j jar (jar-[a]-) f. (fr. j> +-e lose vigor)
jm
old age (after yauvana), +-
something else). ~;j:
-mtyu-jar-
wearing out, ageing. ~m+
-maraa-
du-kha n. pl. j ;: j :
moka m. j-m+: +: complete freedom
birth, death, ageing, and sorrow. ~;j
-
from old age and death.
:+
-mtyu-jar-vydhi-
du-kha-donudarana n. j ;: j} jas 1.. ++ be exhausted (Vedic).
j : + j :-+@ !} j jahti (ja-h-ti) pr. 3 sg. (of 3.P. +
rd

seeing the problem of sorrow in birth, death, abandon 5.8.3:) (he/she/it/who) abandons.
ageing, and diseases. j jahi (ja-hi) impv. (of } @} destroy
j japa (jap-a) m. (fr. j} l@ + 5.19.5: & 5.6.a:) (you please) destroy.
utter outloud or mentally) +-+: j; jg 2.P. (pr. sg. j jgar-ti pl. j
!;: mental repetition of a Vedic mantra (or jgr-ati 5.19.10:, pr. pt. j}) -+ (p+) be
the name[s] of the Lord). ~
-yaja m. j: awake, be watchful.
% : worship consisting of simply japa. j} jgrat (jgr-at) pr. pt. (of j; -+ be
j jaya (jay-a) m. (fr. j + be victorious 2.3: awake) being awake.
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 (UpasanaYoga.org) GITA DICTIONARY j jita
j jta (j[n]-ta) pp. (of j} $} be born j) + be victorious, succeed; !+
6.6: irreg.) $N born. defeat; ps. -;+ placed under control. ~
j jti (j[n]-ti) f. (fr. j} $} be born) par- be victorious, etc. ~
vi- be victorious,
j} birth; @ family, lineage, clan; }~
etc. sam- (}~ 2.55:) be victorious, etc.
species, class, kind, group. ~
-dharma m. pl. jj} jijvimas (ji-jv-i--mas) des.
j: : the traditions of the (larger) group pr. 1 pl. (of j} m-m+ be alive 5.41: & 5.8.6:
st

(i.e., of the community, ~~1.43). & 5.5.a:) (we) (would 7.23.2:) want to live.

j jtu (j-tu) in. -} ever. j na j} jigat (ji-g-[a]-at) pr. pt. (of des. j
jtu in. never. +be victorious 5.41: irreg.) (those) desiring
j} jnat (j-n-at) pr. pt. (of !++ victory or success.
know 5.23.2:) knowing. j} jighrat (jighr-[a]-at) pr. pt. (of
j+ jyate (j-ya-te) pr. 3rd sg. (of j} ++ sense smells 5.15.4:) smelling.
$}
be born 5.16.4:) (he/she/it/who) is j jijsu (ji-j-s[a]-u) a. (fr. des. of
born, arises. !++ know 5.41: & 5.8.4:) } "} desiring
j jla (jl-a) n. (fr. j} !m+ cover) ! to know.
net. j jita (ji-ta) pp. (of j + succeed) -;
j jhnav (jhnav-) f. (lit. sprung from placed under authority (in terms of self-discipline
King j) w the sacred Gag (Ganges) under authority of an informed intellect over
river. mind, senses), mastered; ! is overcome, is

j ji 1.P. (. with ~ and ~) (pr. j ~+, pot. defeated. ~!}-tman a. -m-w:

3rd pl. j+: 1st pl. j+, peri. fut. 2nd sg. j+
! j: + who has discipline over oneself
je-t-asi 5.34: & 5.19.4:, des. pr. j ~+ 5.41:
(this body-mind complex). ~"-indriya
(~+~) a. j "m + who has discipline
irreg., pr. pt. des. j} 5.41: irreg., pp. j, in. pt.
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j jitv GITA DICTIONARY (UpasanaYoga.org)

over his/her senses. ~w+ -saga-doa a. living, livelihood.

w: % +: w-+: j: w-+: + who has j} ju 6.. (cs. pr. j+ ~+, cs. pot. j++}, pp.
conquered the fault of attachment. j 2.88:) e
like, enjoy; ++ devote to,
j jitv (ji-tv) in. pt. (of j + be frequent, resort to; cs. encourage, encourage to
victorious) winning, conquering. do or frequent.
jm jra (jr-a) pp. (of j> +-e lose vigor j jua (ju-a) pp. (of j} e like 2.88:)
6.6: & 2.68: & 2.92:) +- (@ :) old, accepted, acceptable; + resorted (to),
worn out. practised, found (in).
j} jv 1.P. (pr. j, des. pr. 1 st
pl. jj: j juhvati (ju-hv-ati) pr. 3 pl. (of +, @
rd

5.41: & 5.8.6:, pp. j 6.6:) m-m+ be alive, m+ 5.6.c:) (they) offer, (they) perform ritual.
live. j> j 4.P. (pp. jm 6.6: & 2.68: & 2.92:) +-e
j jva (jv-a) a. (fr. j} be alive) m-m lose vigor, wear out, grow old.
alive. j jva m. +-l a living being, an ja a. (fr. !++ know) only in cmpd. ~
individual; +-N@ e} (my)self (6.24.1:) j " the one who knows.
associated with this body (then the next, the
next, and on and on). ~
-bhta a. j:
ja 9.U. (pr. j j++ 5.23.2: & 5.3: . 1st
j+ 5.23.2:, impv. P. j j-n-hi 5.23.2: & 5.6.a:,
being an individual (kart bhokt iti [the pot. P. 1st sg. j} 5.23.2: & 5.3:, fut. , pr.
doer and experiencer]). ~+
-loka m. j@
pt. j} 5.23.2:, pp. , pot. ps. pt. + 6.8: or
+: the world of individuals.
, in. pt. ~, inf. }) !++
j jvana (jv-ana) n. (fr. j} m-m+ be know. !~ abhi- know. !~ ava- +
alive) ; life, existence. (!+) disregard, disrespect. ~ pra- know.
j jvita (jv-i-ta) pp. (of j} m-m+ be ~ prati- know; !w-m+ accept, own up
alive) alive. j jvita n. (7.17.3:) j life, to, promise. ~ vi- know.
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 (UpasanaYoga.org) GITA DICTIONARY jna
jta (j-ta) pp. (of !++ know) that is knowledge. ~!} -agni-
known, having known. dagdha-karman a. (e !--@) @
jtavya (j-tavya) pot. ps. pt. (of } % !: + m
!++ know) to be known. whose karmas are burned up by the fire that is
knowledge (i.e., the view of actionlessness in
} jtum (j-tum) inf. (of !++ action, etc., ~~4.19). ~!+} -
know) to know.
avasthita-cetas a. + % !@ +:
jtv (j-tv) in. pt. (of !++ whose mind is rooted in knowledge. ~! -asi
know) knowing. m. } % !: w: the sword which is but
jna (j-ana) n. (fr. !++ know) knowledge; !: " } knowledge that is like
+p knowing; knowledge (any knowledge a sword. ~"} -in (~}) a. } knowing, }
of reality, of dharma and a-dharma, etc.), ! ! one who knows; -} the
understanding (of correct pururtha, etc. that is knower of the truth; m scholar. ~ -
conducive to gaining knowledge of reality); + N+ -karma-sannysa-yoga a. @
!+ that by which you know, !:-m-; a -N: " +: !m: whose
thought-modification of the mind; + topic is knowledge and renunciation of action.
discriminating capacity, discernment; - ~ -gamya pot. ps. pt. + } to be
discerning reality (which is jnrtha/the goal of attained by knowledge; n. - the result
knowledge); $+ the teaching, the teaching (culmination) of knowledge. ~} -cakus n.
methodology, - the means of -++-j@ } % : the
knowledge (~~13.711), ! the vision that is the knowledge (born of the
qualifications which one needs in order to know teaching, and the grace of the stra and the
(such as values condusive for knowledge of teacher), the eye of wisdom (because, like
oneself). ~!
-agni m. @ % !: the fire eye-sight, the knowledge of the self is immediate

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and conclusive evidence, ~~13.34); a. - pursuit of knowledge (to the exclusion

: one who has the vision that is of other pursuits,i.e., sannysa). ~+-
knowledge ~} -tapas n. } % } -yoga-vyavasthiti f. @ :
} the discipline that is knowledge. ~ !: !-@ !: !}
-dpa m. : " } knowledge which is like "@+m % -@+@ +:
a lamp (6.34: 1st member is a noun in comparison), the +: -++: : N steadiness in
lamp that is knowledge. ~ -dpita a. (or commitment to) knowledge and
+-+ $jj-} !+ set on fire contemplation (i.e., knowledge of oneself, the
by discerning knowledge. ~ world, and the Lord as received from the
-nirdhta-kalmaa a. + : : teaching and a teacher, and assimilation in ones
: whose impurities have been shaken mind of that knowledge through contemplation,
off (removed) by knowledge. ~ -plava m. and with a certain mastery over the senses and
} % : the raft that is but knowledge (that the body). ~} -vat a. } ! ! who
metaphorically ferries you over the ocean of has knowledge, -} who knows (the
sasra to param); : " } knowledge that tattva). ~;} -vijna-tpttman
is like a raft (the imagery is of a small raft, i.e., a. @ +l-@ @, @ :
the teaching that is not wetted by the dark, swift @ e -m@, @ -@
water of sasra, taking you as an individual to ;: ! !:-m@ whose mind is
the far shore of enlightenment, with the content with his/her knowledge (of the teaching
necessary assistance of the pilot, the guru). ~ of the self) and with his/her assimilation of that
-yaja m. } % : (for sannysins not knowledge. ~
-vijna-nana a.
eligible for rituals) the worship consisting of @ : !: !} !+:,
knowledge/study. ~+ -yoga m. } % +: @ +: :, +: -+:
(w-+:) the means (yoga) that is knowledge; +:--++: @ -: the cause for the
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 (UpasanaYoga.org) GITA DICTIONARY tattva
destruction of both the knowledge and the luminous bodies in the sky.
assimilation of that knowledge (of the self). j jvara (jvar-a) m. (fr. j} ++ be hot with
~+
-vijna-yoga a. @ : fever) (be heated, cf. j 1.5.d:) anguish
!: !} !+:, @ +: or fever, + sorrow.
:, + -+ " +: m@
j} jval 1.P. (pr. j, pr. pt. j}) e
whose topic is knowledge and the assimilation
burn, flame, shine. !~ abhivi- burn, etc.
of that knowledge. ~w
-saga m. w:
attachment to knowing. ~N@ j} jvalat (jval-[a]-at) pr. pt. (of j} e
-sachinna-saaya a. (2.55:) + N: burn) burning.
@: a. whose doubt has been completely j jvalana (jval-ana) a. (fr. j} e burn)
severed by knowledge. burning. j jvalana m. ! fire.
+ jeya (je-ya) pot. ps. pt. (of !++ jhaa (jhaa) m. fish, aquatic creature.
know 6.8:) should be known, to be tata (ta[n]-ta) pp. (of } + stretch 6.6:)
known. + jeya n. : object of pervaded.
knowledge, the object (to be) known.
} tatas (ta-tas) in. (6.19: Ablative) } from
j} jyyas (jy-yas) cpv. a. (fr. j or than that, therefore; } then, after that.
overpower 6.25:) !-;p older; !-l } }} } yatas
more powerful, ! foremost, superior. yatastatas tatas from whicheverfrom
j+} jyotis (jyot-is) n. (a phonetic variant of that, wheneverthen.
+} which is fr. } shine) light, ! tattva (tat-tva) n. (that-ness) as it is,
fire; @ e} (luminous) conscious : the nature of that (the world, myself,
being; @ !:-m} (luminous) mind; and the Lord), -* (its) nature; what is,
} heaven (~~8.25); j++ the deity that truth, !}} reality which is oneself. }
is light or fire (~~8.24); pl. : m: the " , , } ", p:
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 tattra GITA DICTIONARY (UpasanaYoga.org)

" } tat (that) is a pronoun for every } tad (ta-d) prn. (m. :, n. }, f. 4.6:) }
thing, and every thing is brahman (reality), so +} that, he, she, itgenerally referring to what is
tat is a name for brahman. Being tat is out of sight (4.5:). } tad in. there, then, :
tattva. } } ! +++ You are tat (that thereafter; (corr. }}) so, thus. } }
[brahman]), O vetaketu, ~$~6.8.76.16.3. tad tad that very. } } tad yad that which.
~% -ena (~+ inst.) in. } as it is, in reality. ~!} -an-antaram in. : $} :
~ -jnrtha-darana n. - immediately after that. ~!} -artham in.
!: +: @+: !+} (6.32:) +j for the sake of that. ~!
seeing the goal (i.e., complete freedom, cessation -arthya a. : !: having that/those as its
of becoming) of the knowledge of truth. ~} purpose, for the sake of that/those. ~!}
-tas in. (6.19:) } as it is, in truth, in reality; -tman a. } % @ ! whose self
(~} with sense of ablative 6.19:) from reality. (is known) as that (para brahman, ~~5.17).
~} -darin a. @ @ @ who lives ~ -niha (}~ 2.24: & 2.44:) a. } m
the vision of the truth (i.e., sthita-praja, % !+: @ whose sole
brahma-niha), who has the vision of the truth commitment is in that (brahman, ~~5.17). ~
at all times. ~} -vid m. (6.24:) @ + the -para (}~ 2.24:) a. } } $@ having
one who knows the truth. that as the ultimate. ~m -paryaa (}~
tattra (ta-tra) in. (6.19:) } in that, there, 2.24:) a. } % : having that

with reference to that, at that time, then; + (brahman) as the ultimate end. ~ -prasda
with reference to those, among those. (}~ 2.24:) m. # : !: the grace
tath (ta-th) in. (6.19:) + +m in that of that (Lord, ~~18.62). ~p -buddhi a.
way, thus, so, so also, similarly; + also, and.
} m p: whose intellect
(knowledge) has attained that (para brahman,
! tath api nevertheless, still, even.
~~5.17). ~ -bhva-bhvita a.

yath tath asso.
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 (UpasanaYoga.org)
} : p: : : being (having been
made) in that state. ~} -vat in. (6.19:)
similarly (corr. }}). ~} -vid m.
(6.24:) @ + j " the one who knows
that, the knower of that.
tad (ta-d) in. (6.19:) } + at that
time, then, correlative with .
} tan 8.U. (pp. 6.6:) + stretch. 2 sg. ) undertake a discipline.
GITA DICTIONARY } tasmt
difficulty one undergoes to accomplish some
end (esp. when that end is for gaining the Lord).
~ -yaja (~+~ 2.24: & 2.33:) a. : :
for whom prayerful discipline is the worship
(offering to the Lord). ~}
-vin (tapas-vin) a.
} who does tapas, ascetic.
tapasya (tap-as-ya) den. P. (fr. }) (pr.
nd

!}~ anusam- (~~ 2.55:) :~ stretch tapta (tap-ta) pp. (of } + be hot, heat)
along side. ~ vi- stretch. heated, burned, consumed; : !:
tanu (tan-u) (fr. } + stretch) a. m performed as a discipline.
slender, thin; moderate, soft. tanu f. tama spv. suffix (6.25:) ! best.
l manifestation, body, * form. } tamas (tam-as) n. (fr. } ++ be faint)
} tap 1.U. or 4.U. (pr. 1.U. ~+ 4.U. ! darkness; + delusion, !-
~+, pr. pt. }, pp. ) + (+) be hot; + ignorance; m-+ one of the three principles
heat, burn, scorch. ~ pra- heat, etc. [guas], as a mental disposition it is dullness. ~
tapa (tap-a) (fr. } + be hot, heat) a. in -dvra (~+~ 2.24: & 2.33:) n. pl. :
cmpd. ~ heating; tormentor, vexer. :-+ m : the gateways (i.e.,
requiring, etc.) to darkness (i.e., to hell, in the
} tapat (tap-[a]-at) pr. pt. (of } + be form of pain and delusion, ~~16.22).
hot, heat) heating, scorching.
} tapas (tap-as) n. (fr. } + be hot,
tara cpv. suffix (6.25:) ! better.
heat) ! fire; pain; prayerful tava tava prn. sg. gen. (of }) your.
discipline (hence called religious discipline), any } tasmt (ta-smt) prn. abl. sg. from that.
115
 tta GITA DICTIONARY (UpasanaYoga.org)

} in. : therefore. + a kind of taste: bitter (tikta).

tta m. ; father; voc. (addressing elders, tu tu pcl. + but, whereas, rather, than, never
superiors, children, or pupils) dear. begins a sentence or pda (like enclitic), sometimes
tmasa (tm-as-a) a. (fr. } ++ be faint) merely for stress like eva.
(f. #) : +-m-} what is of or tumula a. tumultuous.
predominantly from tamas gua, +-m- tulya (tul-ya) a. (fr. } $+ weigh) -;
who is predominantly of the tamas mental alike, same, similar. ~@
disposition, dull. ~ -priya a. @ : -nindtma-sastuti a. !-@:
favorite of dull people (or favorite when a -@ + for whom censure
person is dull). and praise of himself (or herself) are alike.
} tvat (t-vat) prn. a. (4.18:) (correlative with ~ -nind-stuti a. :
}) that much; that long; that far. - + + for whom censure and
j} tij 1.. (des. impv. 2nd sg. 5.41:) praise are alike (as addressing only this body or
m-m+ sharpen; } endure, allow mind, since the full and complete tman cannot
(accept objectively, with understanding devoid be flattered or damaged by any misconception
of complaints, the contacts with the natural pairs of it). ~ -priypriya a. @ !-@
of opposites in the world, ~~2.14). + + + for whom the pleasant
and the unpleasant are (objectively viewed) the
} tihat (tih-[a]-at) pr. pt. (of - same (way) (i.e., that all creatures avoid the
;e remain 5.15.4:) remaining.
unpleasant and do not avoid the pleasant, and that this
tihati (tih-a-ti) pr. 3 sg. (of -
rd
body and mind is of the same nature as creatures, yet
;e remain 5.15.4:) (he/she/it/who) remains. certain situations are unavoidable and therefore are
m tka (tk-a) a. (fr. j} + sharpen accepted as they are).
or be sharp 2.81:) sharp, intense, violent; -
116
 (UpasanaYoga.org) GITA DICTIONARY l tyakta
}tu 4.P. (pr. , pp. 2.88:) ;e be > t 1.P. (pr. 2.3:, fut. 5.33: & 2.101:)
satisfied. }~ sam- (}~ 2.55:) be satisfied. + swim, sail, fly; w+ leap over, cross. !~
tua (tu-a) pp. (of } e be satisfied ati- cross over. ~ vyati- cross over. }~
2.88:) satisfied, pleased, happy. sam- (}~ 2.55:) cross over.
tui (tu-i) f. (fr. } ;e be satisfied 2.88:) + te encl. prn. sg. dat. gen. (of }) for or unto you,
+ satisfaction, contentment, + - your. + te prn. masc. pl. nom. and neut./fem. du.
p:
a sense of enough towards whatever nom./acc. (of }) they, those.
comes. +j} tejas (tej-as) n. (fr. j} + sharpen or
m} tm (tm) in. e- turning be sharp) -e light and heat (defining
silent. attributes of agni), brilliance, radiance;
majesty, power, splendor, glory; self-
; ttya (t-tya) ordinal (4.26:) third. confidence. ~!@ -aa-sambhava
;} tp 4.P. (pp. ;) m+ be content. (~j+@~ or written ~j+@{~) a. j: !@: %-+:
; tpta (tp-ta) pp. (of ;} m+ be content) : born of a fraction of (My, the
satisfied. Lords, ~~10.41) power. ~ -maya (~j+~)
; tpti (tp-ti, also tp-ti) f. (fr. ;} m+ be m. +j:- full of (mostly of) brilliance. ~
content) satisfaction, satiation. -ri (~j+~) m. +j:- mass of brilliance.
;m t (t-[a]-) f. (fr. ;} } be ~} -vin (~}) a. +j+-l who has tejas
(who has force, combined mental and moral
thirsty) !- longing (for what one
power, majesty, self-confidence, and passion in
does not have), thirsting. ~!wp
his/her life).
-saga-samudbhava a. ;m !w:
;mw+: p@ born of longing (towards + toya (toya) n. j water.
what one does not yet have) and attachment l tyakta (tyak-ta) pp. (of j} e abandon
(towards what one has).
117
 l} tyaktum GITA DICTIONARY (UpasanaYoga.org)

2.81:) given up, renounced. ~j -jvita a. abandoning marbles and balloons); --

@l j@ + who has given up (his/her) life.
~ -sarva-parigraha a. l: :
-: + who has disowned every
possession.
l} tyaktum (tyak-tum) inf. (of j}
abandon 2.81:) to give up.
tyaktv (tyak-tv) in. pt. (of j} e
abandon 2.81:) giving up, disowning, not
identifying with.
the process of a maturing renunciation (of the
results of action) (and the lifestyle born out of
that attitude, involving an appreciation of the
Lord as everything). ~"}
-in (~}) a. j
e renouncing; j- one who renounces, a
renunciate. ~
-phala n. } the
result of renunciation.
j tyjya (tyj-ya) pot. ps. pt. (of j} e
abandon 6.8:) l to be giving up.

j} tyaj 1.U. (pr. j ~+, pot. P. j+}, pr. pt. traya (tray-a) a. (f. #) threefold; n. triad,
j}, pp. l 2.81:, pot. ps. pt. j 6.8:, in. pt. group of three. tray-dharma m.
2.81: ~j, inf. l} 2.81:) e abandon, +-+m : :
ritual (that is
leave; !-+ renounce, disown, not identify enjoined) by (any of the) the three Vedas, e@
with. ~ pari- :~ completely abandon, Vedic ritual.
etc. + trayo-daa (trayo-da-a) ordinal (4.23.d: &
j} tyajat (tyaj-[a]-at) pr. pt. (of j} e 4.26:) thirteenth.

abandon) j} disowning; giving up.
tyga (tyg-a) m. (fr. j} e abandon
2.82:) N
mature renunciation (and the
lifestyle born out of that complete renunciation)
(not to be confused with denunciation, it is
instead a natural maturation process, like
tri num. a. m.n. pl. (f. pl. ; 4.25:) three. ~
-dh in. (6.19: & 4.28:) -+m threefold. ~
-vidha a. - threefold.
e Trai (= 4.. 5.8.8:) 1.. (pr. + 2.71:)
+ protect.
em trai-guya (trai-gu-[a]-ya) n. (fr. m}
118
 (UpasanaYoga.org) GITA DICTIONARY daka
!m+ invite, address) m@ m@ - anyone (other) than you. ~}
-tas (~} 2.4: &
j@ : the combination of the three 2.24:) in. (6.19:) } from you. ~
guas (see +~$~5.7), i.e., sasra. ~ -prasda (~~ 2.24:) m. : your grace
-viaya a. e-m@ @: : : (~~18.73). ~
-sama (~~ 2.24:) a. :
having sasra as the subject matter. equal to you.
e+ trai-lokya (trai-lok[a]-ya) n. (fr. +} } tvam (tv-am) prn. (sg. nom.) you 4.2:.
+ see) m@ +@ : the collection of } tvar 1.. (pr. +, pr. mid. pt. m 6.5: &
the three worlds (--@ +-} 2.92:) ++ hasten, be quick.
the three spheres of heaven, of mortals, and of
hell; or bhr, bhuvas, svar [earth, intermediate
m tvarama (tvar-a-ma) pr. mid. pt. (of
}
++ hasten 6.5: & 2.92:) hurrying.
region (i.e., the atmosphere), and heaven]).
~j-rjya n. e-+ j} dominion over tv encl. prn. sg. acc. (of } 4.2:) to you.
the three worlds. da a. (fr. + give) only in cmpd. ~ (6.24.1:)
e trai-vidya (trai-vid-y[a]-[]-a) a. (fr. } " what gives.
+ know) &}-j:--} versed in the three @ dara (da -ra) m. (fr. @} @+ bite
Vedas (either g Veda, Yajur Veda, and Sma 2.104:) (f. !) -w---: -+: fang
Veda which predominate in Vedic rituals; or the or tusk (teeth that are positioned at the two ends
three types of Vedic mantra: c recited of a row of teeth). ~ -karla (@~) a.
metrically, sman sung, and yajus read as prose). @: : : horrible with fangs.
} tvac f. } skin or hide, bark. daka (dak-a) a. (fr. } + be suitable,
} tvad (tv-ad) prn. 2 person sg. abl. from you; be skillful) m able, skillful, - suitable
nd

prn. 2nd person sg. in cmpd. ~ 4.2: for } you. or proper in duties, N+ + : }
~! -anya prn. : ! other than you, @ : able to make quick and appropriate
decisions regarding present matters, adept, wise
119
m dakia GITA DICTIONARY
in all situations.
m dakia (dak-ia) prn. a. (fr. } +
be suitable, be skillful 2.92:) !} southern; !-
-- being on the right side (when facing
the rising sun for prayer, the south is on your
right) (opp. vma, left); honest, upright.
m dakia m.n. m- the right side,
south. m daki f. -+@ m: w@
+@ } wealth (property, cattle, money, etc.)
given out appropriate to the function (of each of
the officiating priests and other brhmaas) to
complete a ritual. ~! -ayana n.
m-: southward course (of the sun);
m: mm} the six months in which (the
sun) moves southward; m: mm@ +
the deity (the aspect of the Lord) that is the six-
months of the southern course of the sun
(~~8.25).
dagdha (dag-dha) pp. (of } -m+
burn 2.106: & 2.76: & 2.78:) burned.
m daa (daa) m. + !+ (-m}) ~!w@l
what tamesa staff or club; force of arms,
army; punishment; mastery, discipline.
(UpasanaYoga.org)
datta (dat-ta) pp. (of + give 6.6: irreg.)
given.
e dadhmau (da-dhm-au) perf. 3rd sg. (of
+ blow 5.8.2: & .4: & 5.27.2.d:) (he/she/it/who)
blew.
} dam 4.P. (pr. pt. cs. }) $+ be tame, be
tranquil; tame, subdue, master.
dama (dam-a) m. (fr. } $+ be tame)
++
tranquility of the external organs
(of the organs of action and the sense organs),
mastery over behavior, restraint.
} damayat (dam-ay[a]-at) pr. pt. (of cs. }
$+be tame) taming; ; who enforces
discipline.
dambha (dambh-a) m. (fr. } +
deceive) -j hypocrisy (falsely declaring
ones virtues, demanding that others know your
virtues that you dont have), pretension. ~!}
-artham in. (6.32:) } out of hypocrisy.
-ahakra-sayukta a. +
!@+m @l: endowed (riddled) with
hypocrisy and egotism. ~ -mna-
madnvita a. : : : --
120
 (UpasanaYoga.org) GITA DICTIONARY d
: e: !:
filled with hypocrisy, demands daraymsa (dar-ay[a]--m-s-a)
for respect, and with arrogance. cs. peri. perf. 3rd or 1st sg. (of ;} +m+ see 5.29:)
} day 1.. +
give; e go; m+ protect, (he/she/it/who/I) showed.
)m} show compassion; @} injure; darita (dar-i-ta) pp. (of cs. ;} +m+ see
!+ take. 6.6:) was shown.

day (day-[a]-) f. (fr. } )m} show } darin (dar-in) a. usually at the end of a
compassion) ; + :+ compassion cmpd. ~ (fr. ;} +m+ see) - one whose
towards suffering living beings. nature is to see, " who sees.
darpa (darp-a) m. (fr. ;} + ++ be elated } daan da-an (also da-an) num. a. n. pl.
or be deluded) ---j-: $+: (4.23.a:) ten.
arrogance (due to ones education, wealth, daana (da-ana) m. (fr. @} @+ bite)
family connections, etc., born out of not tooth. ~! -antara a. - between the
understanding the factors responsible for what teeth.
one has, thinking I am responsible for these,
instead of the appropriate attitude of gratitude
daama (da-a[n]-ma) ordinal (4.26:) tenth.
and objectivity). } dah 1.P. (pr. , ps. pr. +, pp. 2.106: &
2.76: & 2.78:, pot. ps. pt. 6.8:) -m+ burn,
darana (dar-ana) n. (fr. ;} +m+ see) consume with fire; ps. be burned. ~ pari-
"seeing, vision, what sees, the eye,
burn, etc.; ps. burns (w/active sense 7.28:).
knowing, teaching; ;+ " the seen,
appearance, what is seen, object (a sight); in d 3.U. (pr. + 5.20.1:, fut. ~+, ps.
cmpd. ~ @ having the appearance of. pr. + 5.37.1:, pp. 6.6: irreg. and after certain
~w}-kkin a. w " ! prefixes it contracts to , pot. ps. pt. , in. pt. ~
" desirous of seeing. 6.9:) + give (see also the root }), put. !~ -
~
-m+ take, accept. pra- give, etc. ~
121
 dkya GITA DICTIONARY (UpasanaYoga.org)

vy- m+ open. } div (div) (weak stem for before vowel terms.
dkya (dk-[a]-ya) n. (fr. } + be 3.35:) f. (fr. } e shine) heaven; !
suitable, be skillful) : adroitness, sky.
N+ + !-++ ;: ability to act divya (div-ya) a. (fr. } e shine)
without confusion in suddenly presented :heavenly, divine, !-; not ordinary,
situations demanding action. extraordinary; + effulgent.
dtavya (d-tavya) pot. ps. pt. (of + ~!++ -an-ekodyatyudha a.
give) to be given. !+ $ ! !
dna (d-ana) n. (fr. + give) @ m} } in which are many extraordinary upraised
the act of giving or offering, charity, -l
weapons. ~+ -gandhnulepana a.
@: (propriety in) distribution according to @ +@ (anointed) with a celestial

ones capacity; $ the gift or offering itself.

fragrant ointment. ~
-mlymbara-dhara a. m
~ -kriy f. activity of charity.
!m m " wearing celestial
dnava (dnav-a) m. : !} garlands and attire.
offspring of the female demon Danu, a
demon.
} di 6.U. (fut. + ~+ 2.86:, pp. 2.85:,
pot. ps. pt. + 6.8:, in. pt. ~) + grant; !+
dra (dr-a) m. (fr. ; !+ respect) point out, teach, reveal. $}~ ud- point out, etc.
wife. $~ upa- point out, etc. }~ nis- (`~ 2.24:
} div 1.P. or 10.U. (pr. +, + ~+) !+ & 2.29:) point out, etc. ~ pra- point out, etc.
lament, distress. ~ pari- lament, etc. } di (di) f. (fr. } + grant, !@
} div 4.U. (pr. ~+ 5.16.1:) e shine what grants space/accomodation) !
(orig. throw rays of light); } play (esp. (compass) direction (north, south, east, west,
throw dice). north-east, etc.), quarter, region; pl. all
122
 (UpasanaYoga.org) GITA DICTIONARY : du-kha
directions, (in) all directions. drgha (drgha) a. ! extended (in space
} dih 2.U. (pp. 2.106:, 2.76: & 2.78:) $+ or time), long. ~} -strin a. (lit.
augment, smear, stain. ~ pra- augment, etc. long-threaded) @ -m: } !
} dp 4.. (pp. , pp. cs. 6.6:) j+ out : @ } + ! + stretching
(what is to be donetoday or tomorrow
shine, burn. ~ pra- shine, etc.
that is not done even within a month),
dpa (dp-a) m. (fr. } j+ shine) oil procrastinating, procrastinator.
lamp.
: du-kha (du-kha) a. (fr. } !m+ dig,
dpita (dp-i-ta) pp. (of cs. } j+ burn @ difficult dig, or having a bad/
6.6:) lit. out-of-round axel-hole, also @ } a bad
dpta (dp-ta) pp. (of } j+ shine, burn) space (in the heart/mind), cf. ) !-
illumined, blazing, brilliant. ~! -an- unpleasant, painful. : du-kha n. +
alrka-dyuti a. !: !: !e e sorrow (in the form of guilt, regarding ones
!e e +: : " : +j: own omissions and commissions, and of hurt,
whose brilliance is like a blazing fire or the regarding others omissions and commissions);
(blazing) sun. ~+
-vila-netra a. physical pain; :- unpleasant or
j m +m painful situation, adversity. ~! -anta m.
} in whom are (countless) brilliant, large : !: !@ $: cessation (or
eyes. ~ -huta-vaktra a. : alleviation) of sorrow. ~! -laya m.
!e : !: " @ whose ~
:} !: abode of misery. -tara cpv.
mouth(s) is/are like blazing fire(s). a. (6.25:) !-:- more painful. ~}
-m in.
dpti (dp-ti) f. (fr. } j+ shine) (7.8.8:) :+ with difficulty.~+
-yoni f. :-
brilliance, light. ~} -mat a. : ! ! m the source of the unpleasant/pain.
having brilliance. ~+ -okmaya-prada a. :@ +@
123
 } du GITA DICTIONARY (UpasanaYoga.org)

!@ " that gives pain, sorrow, 2.26:) m. (6.24.2:)!-@ + one who takes to
and disease. ~@++-sayoga-viyoga a-dharma. ~; -kta (}~ before } }) n.
m. :e: @+: :-@+: + +: karmic demerit. ;} -ktin (}~ before } }) a.
disassociation from association with sorrow (a -} doing improper acts, doing
definition of yoga). ~} -han a. (6.24: & 3.21:) mal-adaptive acts (not in keeping with dharma
: m what destroys (all) sorrows. and the circumstances). ~ -ga (}~ 2.24: & 2.29:)
} du 4.P. (pr. , pp. 2.88:) e+ (*- a. (6.24.3:) :+ : difficult to go past or
w+) be bewildered, be corrupted, be defiled, be accomplish; n. : difficulty, @ the life of
debased. ~ pra- be bewildered, etc. continual becoming. ~ -gati (}~ 2.24: &
2.29:) f. : a bad end, a bad result.
dua (du-a) pp. (of } *-w+
be
~ -nigraha (}~ 2.24: & 2.29:) a. :+
corrupted 2.88:) corrupted, become corrupt,
+: difficult (or impossible) to restrain.
degraded, adulterated, debased.
~ -nirkya (}~ 2.24: & 2.29:) a. :+
} dus in. (maybe fr. } *-w+ be corrupted) in : difficult to see. ~ -pra (}~ before }
cmpd. ~ (6.36:) ill-fittingly, improper, }, perhaps influenced by 2.101: and/or the root }
mal-adaptive (not in keeping with dharma and from which } is derived, an exception to general sandhi
the circumstances). ~! -atyaya (}~ 2.24: & rules where we would expect :~ 2.24: i.e., jihvmlya
2.29:) a. :+ !: difficult to cross (lit. or upadhmnya cf. 1.5.b:, or expect }~ 2.26:) a. !-
whose crossing is with difficulty). ~! -m whose satisfaction is difficult,
-sada (}~ 2.24: & 2.29:) a. :+ !@ : insatiable. ~m -praa (}~ before } }) a.
difficult to get a fix on. ~;} -kt (}~ :+ m} ! whose satisfaction is difficult,
before } }, perhaps influenced by 2.101: and/or the root insatiable. ~ -prpa (}~ before } }) a. :+
} from which } is derived, an exception to general + " difficult to gain. ~p-buddhi (}~
sandhi rules where we would expect :~ 2.24: i.e., 2.24: & 2.29:) a. p: whose thinking
jihvmlya or upadhmnya cf. 1.5.b:, or expect }~
124
 (UpasanaYoga.org) GITA DICTIONARY ; da
is distorted. ~ -mati (}~ 2.24: & 2.29:) a. of view. ~} -stham in. (7.8.8:) } as distant,
: whose thinking is distorted. as far.
~+} -medhas (}~ 2.24: & 2.29:) a. - ; dha (d-dha) pp. (of ;} ;pe be strong/firm
+: ): (a person) whose thinking is 2.111:) !- fixed, immovable; hard, firm;
distorted. ~+-yodhana (}~ 2.24: & 2.29:) ! intense. ~ -nicaya a. ;: :
m. (:+ + " difficult to fight) the !--+ : !: whose
eldest of the hundred sons of the blind King resolve (regarding the truth of himself or
Dhta-rra and cousin to the Pavas, who herself) is firm. ~}
-m in. (7.8.8:) !-+m
was raised by parents blind to his needs, and firmly, definitely; !+ very. ~
-vrata a.
who suffered humiliation while growing up by ;@ @ whose vow(s) is firm, whose
being continually bested by his cousins, commitment is firm.
especially at the hands of Bhmahis resulting
warped mind, his unmerited power given to him
;} d 1.P. (pr. 5.15.6:, impf. !}
5.15.6:, impv. 5.15.6:, pot. +} 5.15.6:, fut.
by his blind father, and his lack of a sense for
2.86:, ps. pr. ;+, cs. impv. , cs. peri. perf.
dharma and propensity for a-dharma led
5.29:, pr. pt. } 5.15.6:, pp. ; 2.85:, pp.
inevitably to the great war. ~-labhatara
cs. 6.6:, past act. pt. ;} 6.7: & 2.85:, in. pt.
(}~ 2.24: & 2.29:) cpv. a. :+ : more
; 2.85:, inf. } 2.85:) +m+ see, know (see with
difficult to attain.
the intellect, know with the same clarity as
} duh 2.U. m+ fulfill, yield. seeing), discern; cs. + show, make see. !~
} duh a. (fr. } m+ fulfill, yield) only in cmpd. anu- see, etc.; --+~ accordingly
~ (6.24:) +" what fulfills, what yields. see, accordingly understand (i.e., as taught in
dra (dra) a. ; distant, far; !-+ out some manner), +++~ see in keeping
of view. ~%m -ea (~+m inst.) in. by far. ~ with the teaching as taught by a teacher. pra- ~
-stha a. (6.24.1:) ; distant, far; !-+ out see, etc. }~
sam- }~ clearly see, know.
125
; da GITA DICTIONARY
; da (d-a) pp. (of ;} +m+ see 2.85:) seen,
known, discerned. ~ -prva a. @ ;: seen
before.
;} davat (d-avat) past act. pt. (of ;}
+m+ see 6.7: & 2.85:) having seen.
; di (d-i) f. (fr. ;} +m+ see 2.85:) +: ! luminous conscious being, I
seeing, sight, vision; p understanding, opinion;
+ eye.
; dv (d-v) in. pt. (of ;} +m+ see 2.85:) + presiding deity, the Lord viewed as any
seeing, knowing.
;} dh 1.P. (pp. ; 2.111:) ;pe be strong, be firm.
> d 9.P. (cs. impf. !}) m+ tear, break
open, pierce. ~ vi- tear, etc.
+ deva (dev-a) a. (fr. } e, " that
which shines) + effulgent; celestial;
j worshipful. + #
deva m. (f. ) !- an
immortal (having a subtle body that does not
decay, yet is time bound), " any of the hosts
of celestial deities (devats, several of them are
considered as heavenly posts, such as Lord Indra
and Lord Brahm, to which are appointed
various exalted jvas for the duration of one or
more world cycles [kalpas]); + the Lord
(UpasanaYoga.org)
(viewed as Viu, iva, Brahman, Hiraya-
garbha, Praj-pati, etc., who are also termed
gods, e.g., Lord Viu is the Lord viewed as
the sustainer, but they in fact are deities in the
sense of being particular aspects or facets of
Paramevarathe only Lord who is everything);
(the self); " the Lord viewed as any of the
sense organs (who thus illumine the world);
form or function in the world (as the nimitta-
kraa [efficient/intelligent cause] of that form
or function), a limited god (such as the concept
of a god residing in a heaven, battling a devil,
and excluding mein fact then excluding every
me in the universe, and so is overwhelmingly
outnumbered, and, being there in heaven and
not here, can thus become irrelevant to every
me in the universe). ~# -a (~+~) m. +@
#: the Lord of the deities (i.e., the Lord who
constitutes all deities). ~& -i (~) m. +:
% &: one who is a deity and a sage, a divine
sage. ~ -datta m. +e: : given by the gods;
the name for Arjunas conch (given to him by a
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 (UpasanaYoga.org) GITA DICTIONARY + dehika
god). ~+-deva m. +@ +: the Lord of the + devala (dev-a-la) m. -+ a seer/sage
deities (i.e., the Lord who constitutes all deities), called Devala.
(Lord Ka) used as an epithet of the Lord. -~j + dea (de-a) m. (fr. } + grant, !@
)j-dvi-ja-guru-prja-pjana n. + what is granted space/accomodation)
+: -j: : : +@ j} place, region.
worshipping/honoring the deities, the
twice-born (i.e., those initiated into scriptural
+ deha (deh-a) m.n. (fr. } $+ [++ ;pe ]
anoint, augment, + } what is
study), teachers, and scholars. ~+ -bhoga m.
anointed daily) w embodiment, the
+@ +: experiences of the celestial deities.
body (dahana-yogya [what is subject to
~j} -yaj a. (6.24:) +} j+ who worships the
cremating]). ~! -antara-prpti f.
deities. ~ -vara a. +@ : +: exalted
(+}) !: +: +@ : gain of
among deities. ~ -vrata a. ++ @ :
another body (after this one). ~"}-in (~}) a.
who has commitment towards the deities. } ! ! who has a body, embodied; m.
+ devat (dev-a-t[a]-) f. (fr. } e, j} myself/oneself associated with the
" that which shines) l: body, + j: myself/oneself with the
the Lord viewed as any form or function in judgment that I am the body, an individual.
the world (considered as the presiding deity ~;} -bht a. (6.24.2:) +} having a body; m. +@
which is that form or function, as the nimitta- " a corporal being, j embodied one,
kraa [efficient/intelligent cause] of that form esp. a human being; +} having the
or function in which the entire Paramevara can judgment that oneself is the body. ~}
-vat a.
be appreciated in this one form or function +: ! ! having a body; +}
rather than as the updna-kraa [material having the judgment that one is the body.
cause] of which this one form or function is a ~p -samudbhava a. + $-j-
limited presentation), a deity. : the origin of the body.
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 + dehika GITA DICTIONARY (UpasanaYoga.org)

+ dehika (deh-ika) a. (fr. } $+ [++ ;pe m+ animate) l- weakness.

] anoint, augment) -} related to the dyu 2.P. !+ rush at, attack.
body or embodiment.
dyu f. (fr. } e shine) (weak stem }, sg. loc.
e daitya (dait[i]-ya) n. -@ descendant of 3.35:) heaven; ! sky.
Diti (the wife of Hiraya-kayapuall her
descendants are demons), a demon.
} dyut 1.. e shine.
e daiva (daiv-[a]-a) a. (f. #) (fr. } e, dyuti (dyut-i) f. (fr. } e shine)
brilliance.
" that which shines) +} !: what
has come from the Lord or the deities; + dyumna (dyu-mna) n. (fr. !+ rush
"} having to do with the Lord or the deities, at) wealth; power.
belonging to the Lord or the deities, divine, dyta (dy-ta) n. (fr. } e shine) +
uplifting, predominantly of -m; l gambling, dice.
appropriate, worthy (e.g., a worthy behavior). + dyo (dyo) f. (fr. } e shine) (3.41:)
e daiva n. + deity. ~!+ heaven; ! sky. ;} dyv-
-sura-sampad-vibhga-yoga a. e- pthivyos ( is a frozen Vedic dual in place of
: " +: m@ whose topic is e 6.40:) f. du. gen. or loc. e: ; +: of
the distinction between worthy and unworthy (or in) heaven and earth.
dispositions.
dravya (drav-ya) pot. ps. pt. (of e move/
+ doa (do-a) m. (fr. } *-w+ be attain 6.8: & 2.3: & 2.71:) moveable. dravya
corrupted) fault, defect; karmic n. wealth; object, thing. ~ -yaja a.
demerit, crime. ~} -vat a. +: ! ! + -+@ -p + : who with
having a defect, defective. an attitude of worship (yaja [offering to the
e daur-balya (daur-bal[a]-ya) n. (fr. } Lord]) employs his/her wealth (for those who
are deserving), +m : for whom there is
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 (UpasanaYoga.org)
ritual involving materials (rather than %
: a ritual performed only mentally).
-maya a. - consisting mostly of
materials.
< dra (dra-) m. (fr. ;} +m+ see 2.85:) @ e+
seer, the one who sees; } the one who
knows (the truth).
} draum (dra-um) inf. (of ;} +m+ see
6.10: & 2.85:) to see.
dr 2.P. e move, run; + (also 4.U.) sleep.
dru 1.P. (pr. , pot. ps. pt. 6.8:) e
move, run, rush, flow.
dru (dr-u) m. (fr. > m+ split) ; tree;
branch.
dru-pada (dru-pad-a) m. name of the king
of the Pclas, the father of Drau-pad (K,
the wife of the five Pavas). He was a rival of
Droa. ~
-putra m. - : son of Dru-
pada, by the name of Dha-dyumna, and
commander-in-chief of the Pava army.
} druh 4.P. j@} bear malice or hatred.
+m droa (droa) m. +m name for
Kauravas (Dur-yodhana, etc.) and
GITA DICTIONARY dvan-dva
teacher of the science of war. He fought on Dur-
~ yodhanas side.
+ droha (droh-a) m. (fr. } j@} desire
to harm) -w betrayal, treachery.
drau-padeya (drau-pad-e-ya) m. pl. -
!@ e- e-: : the five
sons of Drau-pad (daughter of Dru-pada) born
to each one of the five Pavas.
dva (dva) num. a. du. (4.25:) two, both.
dv-daa (dv-da-a) ordinal (4.23.c: & 4.26:)
twelfth.
dvan-dva (dva-n-dva) n. (lit. two-two here
the prior member retains an anomalous frozen 2nd case
singular form) } pair, the pairs of opposites
(natural to the world, like cold and hot, pleasure and
pain, which are not produced by the mind, but by nature,
and which themselves do not delude an individual,
although an individual can be deluded about them); e
% -+e +m} -)pe -:-
p+-e -@ -e: e -
+ !++ the word dvandva (also) designates
the pair attraction and repulsion (rga-dvea),
which are mind-made and which do delude, or rather
Pavas
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 dvra GITA DICTIONARY (UpasanaYoga.org)

constitute an important aspect of the delusion of, an pl. figuratively the sense organs (gateways into the
individual, towards pleasure, pain, and their causes, and mind, and out to the environment).
which two are mutually opposed to each other like cold dvi num. in cmpd. (4.23:) two. ~j -ja a. (6.24.3:)
and hot, and which two afflict all beings in due course). + j twice-born; m. m-m- one
dvan-dva m. (6.40: in grammar meaning) : from the three classes: brhmaa, katriya, or
: the list compound (where each member is vaiya (often limited to just a brhmaa) (The second
of equal importance, and is conjoined with each birth is through the upanayana-saskra [the
other by and, sometimes or, e.g., dvandva sacred-thread ceremony performed for the above three
means two and two i.e., pair(s)). ~! classes, initiating a youngster as a student of the
-atta a. (gone beyond, i.e., out of the Vedas]); pl. !m-j - egg-born
reach of) e: +m: !-mm-: creatures such as birds (laid, then hatched).
whose mind is not afflicted by the pairs of ~j+ -jottama m. j} $: the best
opposites (i.e., whose mind is not afflicted by the among brhmaas (or among the scriptural
natural pairs of opposites, such as hot and cold, pleasure educated classes of people). ~-tya ordinal
and pain, because that mind has neutralized or (4.26:) second. ~ -vidha a. - twofold.
eliminated the mind-made pair of rga-dvea,
~+ pt.} dvi
attraction and repulsion, itself born of ignorance).
2.U. (pr. + ~+ 2.88:, pr. pt. }, pot. ps.
+ 6.8:) !-e not be pleased, displeased,
-moha m. -: +: delusion occasioned
hate, despise. ~ pra- not be pleased, etc.
by (i.e., that arises in the mind upon the natural
occurrence of) the pairs of opposites } dviat (dvi-at) pr. pt. (of } !-e not
(~~7.27). ~+l -moha-nirmukta a. be pleased) hating, hateful, being displeased.
-++ l: freed from delusion occasioned + dvea (dve-a) m. (fr. } !-e
not be
by the (natural) pairs of opposites. pleased) repulsion, aversion, displeasure,
dvra (dvra) n. gate, gateway, door; - binding desire (against a result).
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 (UpasanaYoga.org) GITA DICTIONARY
+ dvei (dve-i) pr. 3
sg. (of } !-e not
rd
be pleased 2.88:) (he/she/it/who) despises.
+ dveya (dve-ya) pot. ps. pt. (of } !-e cmpd. ~ (6.38:) " wearing, bearing.
not be pleased 6.8:) hateful, displeasing. + dharma (dhar-ma) m. (fr. ; m+ support,
dveya m. !: !-: someone or
something not to ones liking.
e dvaidha (dvai-dh[]-a) a. - twofold.
e dvaidha n. @ doubt.
} dhan 3.P. (Vedic) + bear fruit. ~ ni-
$+~ stop bearing fruit, end, die.
dhana (dhan -a) n. (fr. Vedic } + bear
fruit; or perhaps dh[]-an a fr. m+ hold, +
give) goods, wealth, property; p-j booty
(won through conquest), prize. ~ --jaya
(dhana--jaya) m. (6.32: & 2.55:) @ j "
(Arjuna) winner of laurels (titles and wealth
through his prowess). ~ -mna-
madnvita a. -: : : }
!: filled with demands for respect and with
arrogance because of wealth.
} dhanus (dhan-us) n. (fr. } j+
acquire wealth) archery bow. ~ -dhara
(~~ 2.24: & 2.29:) a. : " who bears
dharma
the bow, archer.
dhara (dhar-a) a. (fr. ; m+ support) only in
" that which supports, + +:
!+ that by which the world/person is
supported) what is to be done, duty,
tradition (which supports the individuals
maturation, and provides a conducive/
supportive society for this maturation), adaptive
action (in keeping with the circumstances),
practice, (proper) method, (hence) teaching or
knowledge; the first of the four pururthas (see
artha-kma); lifestyle (esp. in pursuit of the
first and last pururthas: dharma and moka);
; (!+) the natural order within the
universe, #- the Lords order (i.e., the
Lord as the order) manifest in the universe
(materially and subtly as the natural physical and
psychological laws applicable throughout the universe, and
ethically as the natural retribution or justice for virtuous
or non-virtuous activity in the form of what are called
puya and ppa, which are created only by a human [or
equivalent to human in other worlds] willful action, and
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 dharmya GITA DICTIONARY (UpasanaYoga.org)

remain to fructify eventually as a positive or negative } !+@ @ } !-;@ } !-;-

experience, respectively, either in this life or in a later +} (~~12.20, this life as previously
lifetherefore connected with a fact of a continuance of described) which is in keeping with dharma and
the individual after the current life-span); m- is immortal (in that it leads to immortality).
action that yields puya (favorable results); m dh 3.U. (pr. + 5.8.2: & 5.20.2:, impv.
the favorable result itself; - intrinsic nature 5.20.2: & 2.76: & 2.77: & 2.42:, fut. ~+,
(tman). ~!)p -a-viruddha a. !- ps. pr. + 5.37.1:, pr. mid. pt. 5.20.2: & 6.13:
- not opposed to dharma. ~!} & 6.5:, pp. 6.6:, pot. ps. pt. + 6.8:, in. pt. ~,
-tman a. @ @ whose mind inf. }) m+ hold, support, grasp (physically
conforms to dharma. ~ -kmrtha m. pl. or mentally); + give, place, set; + fashion,
: : !: (the first three make, form; +m+ nurture. !~ anuvi-
pururthas as goals:) dharma (i.e., contextually !@~ ps. be in conformity with, follow in the
limited to accumulating puya [karmaic merit], wake of (w/acc., gen.). !~ abhi- !+
~~18.34), pleasure and security. ~+ -ketra mention, tell; + explain, teach; ps. is said to
n. : the field of dharma. ~@ be, is called. !}~ abhisam- (~}~ 2.55:)
-sasthpanrtha m. } @ - $++ point at, aim at, have in view, regard. !~
@@ } !: the goal that is the proper - +m+ place, offer. ~ ni- + m+ put
establishment of dharma. ~+} down. m~ prai- +m e: m+ lay down,
-sammha-cetas a. + @ +: prostrate, bow low; + distribute. ~ vi- ++
whose mind is confused about dharma. make, form; + distribute; -m+
dharmya (dhar-m[a]-ya) a. (fr. ; m+ command, control. ~ vy- + be
support) -l in keeping with dharma, just, separated, be afflicted, be out of health; +
-w appropriate, adaptive (in keeping distribute; -m+ command, control. ~
with the circumstances). ~!; -a-mta a. sam- %-m+ bring together, absorb;
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 (UpasanaYoga.org) GITA DICTIONARY ; dti
}Y!m+ (truly, completely) place, hold. over) p} one who uses his intellect (well),
; dht (dh-t) m. (fr. m+ support + +} discerning, discriminating (dharma from
give) ;l the one who dispenses (the results a-dharma, sat from a-sat, tman from an-tman),
of all actions, ~~8.9); m-; the sustainer. -} knower of the truth.
} dhman (dh- man) n. (fr. m+ dh 6.P. (pp. ) + shake. }~ nis- (~}
support) + home, dwelling; ! abode; 2.24: & 2.29:) shake off (like a powerful horse shakes

j+} light, splendor. off dust), remove.

m dhra (dhr-a[a]-) f. (fr. cs. ; m+ dhma (dh-ma) m. (fr. + shake)

support) m (the act of) holding; smoke, -+ a sign of fire; -+ the
steadiness. deity that is smoke (~~8.25).

} dhrayat (dhr-ay[a]-at) pr. pt. (fr. ; ; dh 1.U. (apart from pot., there is no pr. stem; uses
m+
support) holding; bearing (in mind), cs. stem instead with no obvious causal sense) pot. P.
knowing, maintaining. +}, cs. pr. ~+ 5.40:, cs. impv. P. 5.40:,
cs. ps. pr. + 5.37.7:, pr. pt. cs. }, pp. ;)
dhrta-rra (dhr-ta-r-r[a]-a) m.
m+ support, hold, bear, sustain; + know
;- !} son of the blind King Dhta-
rra, pl. the hundred sons of that king, ;-
(bear in mind); m+ grasp, seize. $}~ ud-
: the allies of King Dhta-rra. $}~ hold or lift up. $~ upa- support, etc.

dh (dh) f. (fr. e } think over, with ; dhta (d-ta) pp. (of ; m+ hold) seized.
~e [or ~ 5.8.8:] being reduced to # similar to
~ -rra m. ;@ @ + (lit. who has seized
the kingdom) King Dhta-rra, the blind son
samprasraa 2.3.a:) p thought, intelligence,
of Vysa and older brother of Pu.
intellect; wisdom, knowledge. ~} -mat a.
p} thoughtful, intelligent, learned, wise. ; dti (dh-ti) f. (fr. ; m+ hold) e resolve,
firmness, fortitude; satisfaction. ~$-
dhra (dh- ra) a. (fr. e } think
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;} dh GITA DICTIONARY (UpasanaYoga.org)

-utsha-samanvita a. ;: m@ thoughts) centered on an object as an aspect of

$: $: @ : @l: endowed the Lord (which flow of thoughts may
with resolve and effort (or endurance).
-ghta a. e+m l: endowed with resolve.
;} dh 5.P. (pp. ; 2.88:) + be bold.
; dha (dh-a) pp. (of ;} + be bold
2.88:) !- impertinent,
bold,
courageous. ~+
-ketu m. (lit. bold-flag)
name of a great warrior on the Pava side.
~-dyumna m. (lit. bold-power) name of
a warrior on the Pava side.
+ dhenu (dhe-nu) f. (fr. + + suckle) + milk-
cow; in cmpd. ~ female.
dhm 1.P. (perf. e 5.8.2: & .4: & 5.27.2.d: 3
du. : 3 pl. :) + blow (esp. a conch);
rd
p+ kindle a flame (by blowing). ~ pra-
blow, etc.
dhyna (dhy-ana) n. (fr. e } only on oneself) are the ultimate (means) (i.e.,
think over 5.8.8:) meditation or
contemplation. is of two types: upsana
(meditation or prayer) and nididhysana
(contemplation). Upsana is sajtya-vtti-
pravha (a consistent, undisturbed flow of
~; temporarily resolve in nirvikalpa-samdhi), this
is done for steadiness of mind and obtaining
grace. It is a method within karma-yoga, and is
preliminary within jna-yoga. Nididhysana
starts with turning the attention from objects to
myself as their witness, then bringing in the
teaching of pratyag-tman (i.e., I am pra
[complete], etc.), and seeing the truth of these
words. This is done after sufficient study with a
teacher for removing any obstructions to
assimilating the teaching. ~+
-yoga a. }
" +: m@ whose topic is dhyna.
rd
~+ -yoga-para a. } !--*-
@ +: !-+ %-m@ e -+e
+ e for whom contemplation (on
the nature of oneself) and dedication (focusing
who lives as a sannysin, ~~18.52).
} dhyyat (dhyy-at) pr. pt. (of e 2.71:)
} mentally dwelling, continually reflecting
upon, meditating.
e dhyai (= 5.8.8:) 1.P. (pr. pt. } 2.71:)
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 (UpasanaYoga.org) GITA DICTIONARY nandana
} think over, meditate, contemplate. token, symbol.
dhru 1.P. e+ be firm. na na neg. pcl. !-+ no, not; ++ expressing
dhruva (dhruv-a) a. (fr. e+ be firm 2.67:, denial. na ca nor. na v or not, or
some Western grammarians derive it from ; m+ the negative, or the opposite.
hold, and consider that is a root only proposed to nakula m. (poss. fr. Vedic } night)
explain this word and its derivatives. But I doubt that mongoose; ( ! @ having no
this would be considered a fault by Paninian family) Lord iva; one of the twins of the five
grammarians, since the roots are considered by them as sons of Pu through his second wife Mdr.
basic meaningful sounds from which are derived both nakatra (nak-a-tra) n. (fr. } e
verbs and nouns, not just verbs to which many Western move) @ j+: a luminary in the night (sky).
grammarians limit roots. Paninian grammarians will
propose a root which explains a range of words, which
na-cira (na-ci-ra) a. (fr. not +
wm+ gather 6.33:) !- not long (time). ~!}
range does not necessarily have to include a verbal form.
-t (abl.) ~% -ena (inst. ~+m 2.92:) in. +m
Though, once proposed as a root in the grammatical
+ not after a long time, before long, }
literature, some writer may then create a verb from it.
quickly; +m in no time.
But when the range of nouns being explained by a
particular root is significantly narrowed, there may } nad 1.P. (pr. pt. cs. }, in. pt. ~) !-+l
arguably be a diminished need for proposing such a root. + roar, make an indistinct sound. ~ vi- roar,
However, claiming that no verbs, or no more nouns, were etc. ~ vyanu- }~ resound, reverberate.
formed from a proposed root based on the limited nad (nad-) f. (fr. } !-+l + roar)
literature that has survived is almost baseless.) !- } river.
} permanent (in time or form); !- } nand 1.P. (pr. ) e be pleased.
certain, definite. !~ abhi- be pleased.
j dhvaja (dhvaj-a) m. banner, flag; nandana (nand-ana) a. (fr. } e be
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} nabh GITA DICTIONARY (UpasanaYoga.org)

pleased) - pleasing.
nandana m. lead) + eye.
son, descendant.
nandana n. joy. nara (nar-a) m. (poss. fr. > m+ lead, cf. ; m.
} nabh 1.. + burst. meaning ) man, person. ~!
} nabhas (nabh-as) n. (fr. } + burst) -adhama spv. a. m@ + !: ;: lowest
+ cloud; (hence) sky, heaven(s). ~; -spa among people. ~! -adhipa m. (6.24.1:)
(~:;~) a. : ; " reaching to the sky. m@ j king (of people). ~w
-pugava m. w: " : (lit. bull among
} nam 1.P. (pot. pl. +}, in. pt. ~ 6.9:) men 6.34:) the best of men. ~+ -loka-
+ bow; + surrender. ~ pra- (m~ 2.92:)
vra m. -++ : a hero in the world of
bow.
people.
} namas (nam-as) n. (fr. } bow+
naraka (nar-aka) m. (poss. fr. > m+ lead)
down) bowing, adoration (in word
or deed), salutation; surrendering. } @ :-+--+:
transgressors (of dharma) to
a place for
experience pain,
! +
namas astu te (namo'stu te) salutation
hell (of which there are said to be seven temporary
to you. } } ! +
namas namas
abodes below the ordinary physical universe: a-tala,
astu te (namo namo'stu te) repeated salutations
vi-tala, su-tala, ras-tala, tal-tala, mah-tala,
to you. ~;
-k (verbal cmpd. 6.13:, impv. ~)
and ptla, in successively more painful order. These
should surrender, in. pt. ~; bowing or
worlds are not physical and dont decay, unlike bh-
surrendering) bow, surrender, do salutation(s).
loka [the physical universe], but are subtle, of the same
namasya (nam-as-ya) den. P. (fr. }) (pr. nature as the mind and the dream world, [so below
3rd pl. ) e bow; + surrender. has no necessary physical sense, but rather means
} namasyat (nam-as-y[a]-at) pr. pt. (of den. worse] and the inhabitants likewise have only an
) bowing; surrendering. appropriate subtle body, like a dream body, to experience
nayana (nay-ana) n. (fr. m+ take, what that hell provides).
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 (UpasanaYoga.org) GITA DICTIONARY } nnya-gmin
nava (nav-a) a. (fr. e praise, proclaim) } nas encl. prn. pl. acc. dat. gen. (of !} 4.2:) us,
() new. for us, our.
} navan (nav -an) num. a. n. pl. (4.23.a:) nine. nga (nga) m. -+ a kind of serpent (in
nava (6.29:) in cmpd. ~. ~ -dvra a. mythology a snake with many heads); also, in
~+ nine-gated; n. m +: (the general, any snake.
body) with nine apertures (7 on the head and 2 ntimnit (na-ati-mn-i-t[a]-) f.
below). (fr. } } think 6.33:) !@ :
navama (nav-a[n]-ma) ordinal (4.26:) ninth. !: : + : ! p:
} na 4.P. (pr. , fut. 2 sg. w 5.33: &
nd ! }-!-: absence of an
2.86:, cs. pr., pp. 2.85:, pp. cs. 6.6:, exaggerated self-opinion, absence of demanding
pr. pt. } 5.19.4:) !-+ disappear, be lost, respect from others.
(~~6.30) +@ + become remote (away nda (nd-a) m. (fr. } !-+l + make
from oneself, i.e., an object that can be lost); an indistinct sound) roar, noise.
m+ die, perish, be destroyed; + wane; cs. @+ nn (nn) in. - variously, differently;
destroy, dispel. ~
pra- (m~ 2.92:) disappear, often used like an adj., esp. in cmpd. ~ !+ many.
etc. ~ vi- disappear, etc. ~ -bhva n. pl. !+ many
} nayat (na-y[a]-at) pr. pt. (of } !-+ beings, many existences. ~m; -varkti
be lost) @ } being destroyed. a. pl. !+: m: !;: +} having many
naa (na-a) pp. (of } !+ be lost 2.85:) colors and forms. ~ -vidha a. pl. !+-
@ : lost, gone, destroyed, declined. many varieties. ~m -astra-
~!} -tman a. --: - -+- praharaa a. !+ m m
: who is lost (having lost the means to a having many (kinds of) hand-held weapons
better life); -p whose intellect is destroyed. (astras) and missiles.

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} nnya-gmin (na-anya-gm-in) a. nana n. @ destruction.

(6.33:) ! @ } ! " not inclined nita (n-i-ta) pp. (of cs. } !-+ be
to go elsewhere. lost 6.6:) is destroyed.
}nman (n-man) n. ! name. ns (ns-[a]-) f. nose, nostril(s).
nma in. : by name. nma (6.29:) in ~!} -abhyantara-crin a.
cmpd. ~. ~ -yaja m. -: : ritual in +: moving in the nostrils.
name only (being not in accordance with
scriptural injunction and/or being done by those
nsik (ns -ik[a]-) f. m nose,
nostril(s). ~! -agra n. : !} tip of
lacking raddh).
the nose.
nyaka (ny-a-ka) m. (fr. m+ take, ni in. prefix + down, low; } intensely;
lead) +; leader.
+ expressing continuance or permanence; ++ in,
nrada (nr-a-da) m. (poss. fr. > m+ into; + near; $+ expressing cessation; +
lead) -+ a seer/sage called Nra-da. certainly. ni in. in cmpd. with nouns and
nr (nr-[a]-) f. (poss. fr. > m+ lead) non-verbal adjectives ~ (6.36:) it sometimes equals
woman, female; (in ~~10.34 contextually) pl. }~ meaning !~/!}~ not, without, +l
-w-: grammatically feminine gender free from.
words (and what they express). nigraha (ni-grah-a) m. (fr. } $+
} nvam (nv-am) f. sg. acc. (of e boat 3.41:) take) (external) restraint.
boat, small boat. ; nighta (ni-gh--ta) pp. (of } $+
na (n-a) m. (fr. } !-+ be lost) take 6.6: irreg. lengthening the connecting " vowel) -
@ destruction. ; be mastered; m@ ;: withdrawn.
nana (n-ana) a. (fr. cs. } !-+ be nitya (ni-tya) a. (6.27:) eternal,
lost) destroying, destructive. !+- relatively eternal (till the end of a
138
 (UpasanaYoga.org) GITA DICTIONARY nimitta
kalpa, until the next birth, etc.); !- timeless, destruction, death.
not within (subject to) time, (therefore) eternal. nidhna (ni-dh-ana) n. (fr. +
~!l -abhiyukta a. -+} always give, place) treasure, that which is held;
one with (Me, the Lord, ~~9.22). ~j-jta ! receptacle, that in which (something) is
a. } $N: continually (re)born. ~; held, basis, support, + !} the place of
-tpta a. @ : always contented. In cmpd. ~ resolution (of the effect called the universe,
or~} -m in. (7.8.8:) continually, ever, always. ~~11.38).
~l -yukta a. @ w: always united (in
} nind 1.P. (pr. , pr. pt. }) }
Me, the Lord, ~~7.17). ~e} -vairin a. or m.
deride, belittle, find fault with. !~ abhi-
@ : a constant enemy. ~}-as in.
deride.
(6.19:) continually, ever, always; -+
for a (very) long time. ~ -sattva-stha a. nind (nind-[a]-) f. (fr. } }
(6.24.1:) -m+ !: ever established in deride) blame, censure, reproach,
sattva (gua) (in a contemplative disposition). reprimand.
~N} -sannysin a. @ always } nindat (nind-[a]-at) pr. pt. (of }
a renunciate. } deride) @ } deriding, belittling.
nidr (ni-dr[a]-) f. (fr. + sleep) p nibaddha (ni-ba[n]d-dha) pp. (of }
sleep. ~!+ -lasya- @+ bind 6.6: & 2.76: & 2.78:) bound.
pramdottha a. (6.24.1:) !@ : nibandha (ni-bandh-a) m. (fr. }
+: "
arisen from sleepiness, @+ bind) @ a restraint, bondage.
laziness, and carelessness.
nimitta (ni-mitta) n. (maybe fr. pp. of
nidhana (ni-dhan-a) n. (fr. + Vedic } + measure) m efficient cause (the
$+ + stop bearing fruit; perhaps ni-dh[]- factor(s) that bring about change [e.g., a clay
a fr. + + m+ put down) ! end;
an pots efficient cause is the potter, the potters
139
} nimiat GITA DICTIONARY (UpasanaYoga.org)

wheel, etc.], as opposed to the updna [material niyama (ni-yam-a) m. (fr. } -m+
cause], i.e., the constituent substance [e.g., the exercise authority) m restriction; vow;
clay]), m means or instrument; + motive, rule, stipulation.
w occasion or circumstance; mark, sign, niyamya (ni-yam-ya) in. pt. (of } -
--: } omen (in astrology, m+ exercise authority 6.9:) -m@ ;
etc. that indicates good or bad results in the exercising authority (intellect over mind and
future). ~ -mtra a. + being simply senses), mastering, ruling; !@ ; bringing
an instrument. ~} -mtram in. (7.8.8:) +@ back.
+} merely an instrument. +j niyojita (ni-yoj-i-ta) pp. (of + cs.
} nimiat (ni-mi-[a]-at) pr. pt. (of } j}
+m+ impel 6.6:) + impelled.
+ closing the eyes) closing the eyes. nirata (ni-ra[m]-ta) pp. (of } } be
niyata (ni-ya[m]-ta) pp. (of } -m+ dedicated 6.6:) dedicated, devoted.
exercise authority 6.6:) $ restrained,
regulated, ! brought back, @ mastered,
nirkya (nir-k-ya) pot. ps. pt. (of #}
+ see) to be seen.
ruled; + enjoined by rule or scripture,
+ required or proper to do, adaptive (in )p niruddha (ni-rud-dha) pp. (of )} m+
keeping with dharma and the circumstances); impede 2.88:) checked, curbed, -;
constant, certain. ~!} -tman mastered.
a. : @: ! !:-m@ whose ) nirudhya (ni-rudh-ya) in. pt. (of )}
mind is mastered. ~! -hra a. : !m+ cover/impede) +@ ; withdrawing.
!: whose food (consumption) is + nirdea (nir-de-a) m. (fr. } !+
regulated. ~} -m (acc.) in. } certainly, point out) + !+ " that by which
assuredly, as a rule. ~ -mnasa a. @ something is made known, (revealing)
@@ @ : whose mind is mastered. expression.
140
 (UpasanaYoga.org) GITA DICTIONARY :+ nireyasa
nirdhta (nir-dh-ta) pp. (of + ; nivtta (ni-vt-ta) pp. (of ;} e go)
shake) shaken off, removed. ceased, ceasing, desist, desisting; ! decrease,
l nirmukta (nir-muk-ta) pp. (of } +m+ wane.
release 2.80:) !-p not bound, free. ; nivtti (ni-vt-ti) f. (fr. ;} e go) $
} nirvartitum (nir-vart-i-tum) inf. (of cessation, disappearance; -
;} e go) m@ } to turn back, to withdrawal (opposed to pravtti), renunciation
withdraw, to avoid. (~~18.30); } !-++: what is
to be withdrawn from (as non-effectual means
m nirva (nir-v-a) n. (fr. pp. of e for human goals, ~~16.7).
go 2.92:) ;:+ the freedom or clarity
called moka. ~ -parama a. m@ +: } ni 1.P. e bring together, be absorbed.
whose goal (culmination) is ni (ni-[a]-) f. (probably fr. } e
complete freedom. bring together, be absorbed, cf. } f. night)
+ nirveda (nir-ved-a) m. (fr. } + attain, night.
with prefix } means ++ not attain 2.24: & 2.29:) nicaya (ni-cay-a) m. (fr. wm+
!e indifference; e dispassion. gather 2.24: & 2.27:) ! firm resolve; m
nivta (ni-v-ta) a. (fr. e go, blow) judgment, decision; p decided opinion,
( before nouns sometimes = }) -j free answer, conclusion.
from wind. ~ -stha a. (6.24.1:) -+ + nicita (ni-ci-ta) pp. (of wm+
: (lit. situated in a place free from wind) gather 2.24: & 2.27:) m determined,
protected from the wind. concluded. ~}
-m in. (7.8.8:) definitely.
nivsa (ni-vs-a) m. (fr. } + stay) nicitya (ni-ci-tya) in. pt. (of wm+
} m: that in which (beings) gather 6.9: & 2.24: & 2.27:) m@ ; having
dwell, ! an abode. determined.
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 :+ nireyasa GITA DICTIONARY (UpasanaYoga.org)

:+ nireyasa (ni-re-yas-a) a. (fr. cpv. of ~!} -is (}~ 2.24: & 2.29:) a. (nom. sg. ~:
which is fr. +} seek) @ +} 3.6.l:) ! !: -@ without (i.e.,
definitely better. :+nireyasa n. free from) anticipation (of the future certainty
(literally the best) + complete freedom. of a result), without requirement/expectation.
~ -kara a. +@ )+ (6.38:) bringing about ~! -raya (}~ 2.24: & 2.29:) a. !
complete freedom, leading to complete freedom. !: without dependence (on anything).
nida (ni-d-ana) n. (fr. } @+ ~! -hra (}~ 2.24: & 2.29:) a. :
destroy 2.101:) destroying. !: } without feeding, without offering.
nih (ni-h[a]-) f. (fr. -;e ~m -gua (}~ 2.24: & 2.29:) a. -
j@ m: free from the (three: sattva,
remain 6.24.1:) state, condition,
rajas, and tamas) guas (constituent principles
disposition; !+- dedicated lifestyle;
conclusion, culmination, end.
of the universe). ~m -guatva (}~ 2.24: &
2.29:) n. (~} abl. 7.11.1:) ! -j+-
} nis in. prefix ++
away from, out of, m-: (because of) being free from the
expressing separation from; + certainly; + guas. ~ -cala (}~ 2.24: & 2.27:) a. +-
completely; !+ overly, exceedingly; ++ j free from wavering, steady. ~em
-trai-
transgressing. } nis in. in cmpd. with nouns and guya a. ! e-m (:) free of
non-verbal adjectives ~ (6.36:) it has the senses !~/ (desire for) the three-fold world (for sasra).
!}~ not, without, +l free from. ~! ~+ -doa (}~ 2.24: & 2.29:) a. ! +:
-agni (}~ 2.24: & 2.29:) a. : !: w- without defect, +e: !-@;: untouched by
: } who no longer performs the fire defects. ~ -dvan-dva (}~ 2.24: & 2.29:) a.
rituals. ~!w -ahakra (}~ 2.24: & 2.29:) :-:- } (6.36:) free
a. : (+) !w: (!@-:) } from the pairs of opposites. ~ -mama (}~
without a sense of I limited to the body, etc., 2.24: & 2.29:) a. ! "} " !+:
! !w: having no egotism.
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 (UpasanaYoga.org) GITA DICTIONARY e; naiktika
free from the insistence this is mine. n 1.U. (pr. ~+, pot. P. +}) m+ take,
~ -mala (}~ 2.24: & 2.29:) a. ! @ lead.
free of impurity. ~ -malatva (}~ nti (n-ti) f. (fr. m+ lead) l-
2.24: & 2.29:) n. (~} abl. 7.11.1:) (}) ! -the science (of political and social
-w-: (because of) being free of ethics) taught by seer/sage ukra and others,
impurity. ~+ -mna-moha (}~ 2.24: & the process of justice, law; - the
2.29:) a. : +: e e } free from method for doing what is to be done; !e
demanding respect and from delusion. ~++ propriety.
-yoga-kema (}~ 2.24: & 2.29:) a. ! !-
m@ +: m@ +:
nu 2.P. e praise, proclaim. ~ pra- (m}~
2.92:) praise, etc.
free from acquiring and protecting (where
previously these were pradhna [foremost] in nu nu pcl. + even, now, still; + (with
my life). ~ -vikra (}~ 2.24: & 2.29:) a. interrogatives) please, indeed.
(fr. ; m+ do) ! : ;: } nud 6.U. (benedictive w/simple sense of pot. 7.26:
without change, unaffected, unperturbed. ~e } nud-y-[s]-t 5.32:) +m+ drive, impel. !~
-vaira (}~ 2.24: & 2.29:) a. ! e@ +: apa- m+ drive away, remove.
without hostility, without hatred. ~; ; n (n) m. (poss. fr. > m+ lead) man; pl.
-spha (:~ opt. before sibilants 2.24: & 2.28:) a. human beings, mankind. ~+ -loka m.
; } free from yearning, free from -+ the world of humans.
attraction (rga).
+ netra (ne-tra) n. (fr. m+ lead) } eye.
nihata (ni-ha[n]-ta) pp. (of } @} e; naiktika (nai-k-ti-ka) a. (fr. + ;
destroy 6.6:) destroyed, killed.
+ m+ bring down) ; +m j
nihatya (ni-ha[n]-tya) in. pt. (of } who lives by abusing (others), -+-
@} destroy 6.9:) destroying, killing. intent on destroying others, cruel; -
143
e naikarmya GITA DICTIONARY (UpasanaYoga.org)

deceitful. cmpd. ~ (6.24.1:) " who drinks;

e naikarmya (nai-kar-m[a][n]-ya) n. (fr. " who protects.
}
+ ; m+ do) - (-) paka (paka) m. wing; side, side (in
actionlessness, freedom from action. ~p a dispute). ~"} -in (~}) m. : @
-siddhi f. m } -- winged creature, - bird.
+} : : e@ } } pac 1.U. (pr. ~+) + cook.
p: e-p the accomplishment } pacan (pac-an) num. a. n. pl. (4.23.a:) five.
that is actionlessness (through the knowledge
that I am the actionless reality [brahman]).
paca (6.29:) in cmpd. ~. ~ -daa
(paca-da-a) ordinal (4.26:) fifteenth. ~ -ma
e naihika (nai-h[a]-[]-ika) a. (f. #) (fr. (pac-a[n]-ma) ordinal (4.26:) fifth.
-;e remain) @ : born of
commitment (to karma-yoga or jna-yoga).
m paava m. (fr. m play + e blow)
-+ a type of (small) drum (e.g., tabor, etc.).
+ no (na-u) in. (6.20:) $ not. ~!+ -naka-go-mukha m. pl. m:
e nau (nau) f. (}~ is base for 2 nd
7th case 3.41:) !: +-: (various) small and large
boat, small boat. drums, and horns.
nyyya (ny-y-[a]-ya) a. (fr. " e m paita (pa-ita) a. p} intelligent.
attain) } !+: in keeping with what is Said to be from m wisdom, whereas m means
proper, in keeping with dharma, adaptive (in eunuch or fruit-less. m is perhaps
keeping with dharma and the circumstances), originally a vernacular derogatory term, or perhaps a play
$ proper. on these two source meanings, as its derogatory sense is
nysa (ny-s-a) m. (fr. !} +m+ cast, occasionally employed in literature towards someone who
throw) renunciation (of anything). has learning but lacks wisdomthe fruit of learning.

pa a. (fr. + drink, m+ protect) only in m paita m. - a learned person,

144
 (UpasanaYoga.org) GITA DICTIONARY pada
esp. a teacher; -} knower of the truth. +~ approach, enter; e attain. $~ upa-
} pat 1.P. (pr. ) e fall; e move. +~ come, approach; $+ exist, be, happen;
w pataga (pat-a-ga) m. (} or } fr. } e attain; +} be suitable for, be fit for,
be proper. ~ pra- m-e take refuge, seek,
e fall, e move, fr. } m+ go 2.55:, }
surrender, worship; e attain. ~ prati-
} what moves while flying, or @ +
!}~ go towards; }~ go back; e
what moves by wing) } winged
attain, understand. ~ viprati- -e
creature: bird, flying insect (esp. moth), etc.
scatter, be distracted. }~ -sam e attain.
pati (pati) m. (perhaps fr. m+ protect) pada (pad-a) n. (fr. } e attain) foot,
master, lord; } owner; ; husband.
(since most animals are four-footed, therefore) one
patra (pa[t]-tra) (fr. } e fall, e move) quarter, quarter of a verse; mark, sign; +
(also etymologically, and likely originally, written , place, destination; condition, state, rank,
with the simplification of the conjunct cons. due to status; - (+@ m+: @) Vius status
regional language influence of this common word) n. (cf. ~$~3.9) called moka (complete freedom),
vehicle (car, horse, etc.); m leaf, a (palm, the greatest attainment, the goal, the end;
etc.) leaf on which to write; flower petal; word, pl. }Y}-!: words that end in
m@ : feather. declension (~, etc.) or conjugation (~, etc.)
} path m. (weak stem of } 3.21:) path. terminations. This technical definition of a word also
} pad 4.. (pr. + 1 +, pp. N 6.6:) e go;
st influences the written and spoken usage of individual
e
reach, attain. The meaning of this root, like words, in that, if an individual substantive or adjective is
several roots meaning simply go, is greatly modified by given, even though it does not itself grammatically take
its prefixes. !~
anupra- m-e~ take part in the sentence in which it is embedded, which is the
refuge, seek, surrender, worship; !+ follow, case when it is employed in a non-Saskta sentence or
comply with (pp. with active meaning). !~
- in isolation from a sentence (such as a dictionary entry or

145
 padma GITA DICTIONARY (UpasanaYoga.org)

as a book title), it will usually be declined in the
nominative singular, although words ending in a
nominative visarga may drop the visarga, as if by
sandhi, e.g., vara instead of vara. This
convention thus applies when these words are expressed in
English sentences, e.g., by Bhagavns (Bhagavat in
masc. nom. sg.) grace one may come to know the tm
(tman in masc. nom. sg.). I have deliberately chosen
mostly to not follow this convention in this work as my
purpose is to show to the beginner the basic elements of
the language, although some words, especially the names
of the Lord, sound too strange to me in their raw
substantive, undeclined form for me to be adamant about
my convention, so I would write by Bhagavns
(retaining the convention) grace one may come to know
the tman.
padma (pad-ma) m.n. lotus. ~ , a vocativethe first refers to Arjuna; the
-patra n. m} lotus leaf.
} panthan (panth-an) m. (3.21: weak stem },
sg. loc. ) path.
para (par-a) prn. a. (fr. ; + fill, + m-par-prapta) a. (6.32:) @ : : handed
protect, + " } down from one to another.
" what pervades or what one protects
oneself from) (4.16.3:) ! other, another; N
different, outside of, beyond (w/abl.); distant
(in space or time), further; $-}
subsequent (in time w/abl); $ better, superior,
higher (w/abl.); $ best, ultimate; + one
and only; ! limitless; extreme
(high, deep, etc.); in cmpd. ~ having as the
ultimate, wholly devoted to . para n. !
end, summit, goal; } reality. ~!
-ayana (m 2.92:) n. $ : ultimate end.
~ -tara cpv. a. (6.25:) ! superior. ~}
-tas in. (6.19: & 6.16:) } from another;
different, etc. ~ -dharma m. !-
anothers duty, different duty (not your own).
~ -n-tapa para-n-tapa m. } }
(Arjuna) the one who vexes foe(s) (in ..2.9 an
alternate reading to :, a nominative, is
later less appropriately to Dhta-rra). ~}-m in.
(6.16:) } after; (6.20:) !} highly,
completely, clearly; +} only, but,
however. ~ -m-par-prpta (para-
~ -s-para
(para-s-para) (2.26:) a. "+ one another,
146
 (UpasanaYoga.org) GITA DICTIONARY parityga
mutually. pariklia (pari-kli-a) pp. (of }
parama (par-a-ma) spv. a. (fr. superior) $+ be afflicted 2.85:) +-@l fraught with
$; most exalted, paramount; pain.
without a beyond, limitless.
parama n. parigraha (pari-grah-a) m. (fr. }
$;- the ultimate reality, the limitless $+ take) - possession.
being. ~!}-tman m. : ! the paricary (pari-car-y[a]-) f. (fr. pot. ps.
limitless tman, the limitless I. ~"
-ivsa pt. of } e
move) service, labor.
(~+~) a. : ": : who has a great ~! -tmaka a. -: in
bow; m. : ": an expert bowman. ~#
- the form of service.
vara (~+~) m. : !e #: #-:
" the one who is limitless and is the Lord
} paricintayat (pari-cint-ay[a]-at) pr.
pt. (of } ;} remember) : }
(the one who rules), the limitless Lord.
contemplating everywhere.
}
paras (par-as) in. (6.19: Vedic) + far,
; parjt (pari-j-t) a. (fr. !++
beyond. ~} -tt (paras-tt) in. (6.19: & 6.16:)
know) -+;l the experiencer of knowledge
: beyond. (of the anta-karaa-vttis [thoughts]); the
par in. prefix !+ away, off; !+ forth; knower.
;: backward. m parima (pari-m-a) m. (fr. }
pari in. prefix : around, about; !+ + bend, submit) transformation.
against, opposite to; ++ beyond, above, more
than.
j parityajya (pari-tyaj-ya) in. pt. (of
j} e abandon 6.9:) N completely
parikrtita (pari-krt-i-ta) pp. (of giving up.
` @+ proclaim 6.6:) is stated, is
proclaimed.
parityga (pari-tyg-a) m. (fr. j}
e abandon 2.82:) : complete
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 m paritra GITA DICTIONARY (UpasanaYoga.org)

renunciation.~"} -in (~}) a. @l } m para (para) n. wing, feather, leaf.

! ! who naturally and completely paryanta (pary-ant-a) a. (fr. !} +
renounces (the false judgment of karttva
[doership]not through non-action, but by the
knowledge that I am not the doer).
m paritra (pari-tr-aa) m. (fr. e +
protect 5.8.8:) m protection (from all sides
[pari-]), preservation.
+ paridevan (pari-dev-an[a]-) f. (fr.
} !+ lament) lamenting, bewailing.
} paripanthin (pari-panth-in) a. or m.
(3.21:) (lit. against the path) obstacle;
opposition, enemy.
pariprana (pari-pra-na) m. (fr. }
} ask 2.83:) ; inquiry, j desiring
to know.
parimrgitavya (pari-mrg-[a]-i- payuita (pary-u-i-ta) pp. (of } +
tavya) pot. ps. pt. (of den. fr. path 5.43:) to be
sought (on the well-trodden path of inquiry).
j parjanya (parjanya) m. (poss. parj-anya fr.
;} @+ mix, unite, or par-jan-ya fr. ; +
fill + j} $} be born) + rain-cloud;
rain; " Lord Indra.
bind, limit) : !@ } reaching the
limit. paryanta m. } boundary, limit,
circumference. In cmpd. ~ or ~} -m in. up to,
as far as, lasting.
parypta (pary-p-ta) pp. (of !} +
reach) sufficient (the common meaning),
(the literal sense of the root in passive reached
around) surrounded, overwhelmed (as the
contextual meaning in ~~1.10). The Pava forces
were seven divisions, about 1,500,000 fighters (smaller
than Dur-yodhanas forces of eleven divisions, about
2,400,000 fighters, see B.H.S.C. vol. 1 pp.113-4). At
the end of the war, only ten survived or remained: three
on Dur-yodhanas side and seven on Pavas
winning side!
stay 6.6: irreg.) -! stood a night, stale
(esp. food that has been cooked and then left
overnight).
} pavat (pav-[a]-at) pr. pt. (of ++ purify)
purifying, that which purifies.
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 (UpasanaYoga.org)
pavana (pav-ana) m. (fr. ++ purify) m pu (pu) m. King Pu, actually the
: !: (usually) wind, (sometimes) fire (both
are purifiers).
pavitra (pav-i-tra) n. (fr. ++ purify)
p- purifier.
} payat (pay-[a]-at) pr. pt. (of ;} +m+
see 5.15.6:) seeing; who sees (knows).
payati (pay-a-ti) pr. 3rd sg. (of ;}
+m+ see 5.15.6:) (he/she/it/who) sees.
p 1.P. (pr. 5.15.4:) !+ drink.
p 2.P. m+ protect. !~ adhi- protect.
j pca-janya (pc-a[n]-jan-[a]-ya) m.
(fr. j} $} be born) -j+ e-++ : etc.).
m-w: the name of Lord Kas conch
(from the demon Paca-jana, who had hidden
in the form a conch, slain by Ka).
m pi (pn-i) m. (fr. m} + transact)
hand.
m pdava (pav-a) m. m+: !}
son or descendant of King Pu, any of his
five sons: Yudhi-hira, Bhma, Arjuna, Nakula,
and Saha-deva. ~!-anka n. m}
!@ + army of the Pavas.
GITA DICTIONARY ppa
younger son of Vysa (our author of this epic)
but officially the son of Vysas half-brother,
King Vicitra-vrya. Pu died much before the
war started, and was the brother of the sitting
blind King Dhta-rra (whose son Dur-
yodhana instigated the war). ~ -putra m. pl.
m+: : the sons of Pu, the Pavas.
ptaka (pt-a-ka) n. (fr. } e
fall,
causing to fall) offense, crime, sin.
ptra (p-tra) n. (fr. + drink) j
a vessel (for holding water, etc.); worthy person
(i.e., a vessel for receiving knowledge, charity,
pda (pd-a) m. (fr. } e move) m foot
(of a human, animal, or inanimate object); (foot
of a quadruped, hence) quarter, a quarter of a
four-part verse.
pna (p-ana) n. (fr. !+ drink)
! drinking.
ppa (p-pa) a. (fr. m+ protect) @
who or what has ppa (the unwanted results of
inappropriate acts), +p- } who does
149
 } ppman GITA DICTIONARY
prohibited acts (lying, injuring, etc.).
m. -;} one who does ppa.
ppa n.
!} " that from which one protects/
guards against, !--- an unwanted
result of karman, }Y!-; bad or painful result,
karmic demerit (normally opposed to puya, but
also includes puya for those who seek moka, as
puya also binds one to further re-birth to
exhaust it), transgression; -} an act that
produces ppa. ~; -kttama (ppa-kt-
tama) spv. a. !+ -;} the one who does
the worst ppa-karmas. ~+ -yoni a. @ +:
j whose birth is not wanted (i.e., whose
family life would not be conducive to a life of
dharma).
} ppman (pp-man) a. (fr. m+
protect) +p- } who does prohibited acts,
!} harmful, sinful. } ppman m.
karmic demerit, transgression.
) pruya (pr-u[a]-ya) n. (fr. ; +
fill) e
harshness (esp. in speech) (opposed to
mrdava).
prtha (prth[]-a) m. (Arjuna)
!} son of Pth (Kunt, wife of Pu).
(UpasanaYoga.org)
ppa pla (p-la) m. (fr. m+ protect)
protector.
pvaka (pv-a-ka) m. (fr. ++ purify)
! fire (the purifier); !-+ the deity that is
fire.
pvana (pv-ana) a. (fr. ++ purify)
p- purifying. pvana n. p
purification.
pa (p-a) m. (fr. } + bind) ;--
- snare or fetter (for wild animals,
birds, etc.); o rope or cord.
m pia (pia) m. + ball, lump; ;:
+} !N} food (cooked rice or flour) in the
form of a ball (offered with prayers regularly
and on special occasions, called rd-dha, to
ones ancestors of the three proceeding
generations on the paternal and maternal side,
i.e., the fathers and mothers ancestors of the
male head of the extended family, for
symbolically offering them sustenance and
the prayers for neutralizing any of their sins of
omission or commission).
;: ; pit (pi-t) m. (fr. m+ protect,
150
 (UpasanaYoga.org) GITA DICTIONARY @} pumas
!} the one who protects the progeny) m-} an act that produces puya. ~}
j father; j; (masculine or efficient) -karman a. m@ whose actions are
cause (of the world, ~~9.17); pl. -j: beneficial, who do beneficial actions, whose
ancestors, respected elders. ~ -maha (~~ actions are adaptive (in keeping with dharma
here the 1st member is irregularly in nom. sg., cf. 6.40:; and the circumstances). ~;} -kt a. (6.24.2:)
notice also that the natural word order of this cmpd. is m@ + one who performs beneficial actions.
irregularly reversed with the descriptive adj. as the second ~ -phala n. m@ } @ a beneficial
member 6.34:) m. (lit. father-grand) : result, merit.
fathers father, grandfather; j: j (i.e., putra (putra) m. (fr. ++ purify, @
the uncaused) cause of the cause (of the world, + the one who protects [atones] the
~~9.17). ~ -vrata a. ; @ : father) son; - as an affectionate form of
who have commitment towards their ancestors. address, meaning dear child. ~;
-dra-
p (p-[a]-) f. (fr. } + oppress) ghdi a. pl. : : ;: ;@ !:
(:) injury, harm, distress, pain. +} beginning with son, wife, house, etc.
w pu-gava (pu-gava) m. } e: male-ox, } punar (punar) in. }
more, moreover,
bull; in cmpd. ~ + best of. also; -+ a second time, again, repeat, re-;
m puya (pu- ya) a. (maybe fr. ++ purify) !+ back, start over; + on the contrary,
beneficial, purifying, auspicious; pure, but. } v punar in. (esp. at the end of a
m} virtuous, adaptive (in keeping with verse) or, + on the other hand.
dharma); sweet. m puya n. ;: : ~!} -vartin a. -- having
beneficial unseen merit (in the karmic account the nature of returning, that from which there is
of the jva/individual) "-- beneficial returning. ~j} -janman n. )
result of karman (that fructifies in this life), re-birth.
; good or pleasant result, opposed to ppa; @} pumas (pu-mas) m. (strong stem @},
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} pur GITA DICTIONARY (UpasanaYoga.org)

weak stem @} 3.26: & 2.104:) man. (re-)manifestation), vaa (the geneologies of the gods,
} pur 6.P. !-+ go ahead. sages and kings), manvantaras (the reigns of the
progenitor Manus), and vanucarita (the history of
pura (pur-a) n. (fr. ; + fill or } !- the solar and lunar dynasties)in order to illustrate to
+ go ahead) city; + fortress.
the unread populace in an entertaining way the teachings
} puras (pur-as ) in. (fr. } !-+ go of the Vedas and the Vedic culture. Not to simply
ahead) } e before (in time or place), recount actual history as some literalists would believe, in
!: in front; in or from the east (i.e., in front which case it probably would have been written much
of you when greeting the Lord in the form of differently, similar to our dry history books we have today
the sun in the morning). ~}
-tt in. (6.16:) which only enumerate what the authors think were the
} before, etc. facts. These texts and the Iti-hsas (epics), which
pur (pur-) in. (6.16:) (fr. } !-+ go include the Mah-bhrata, are looked upon as
ahead) } long ago, !+ in the beginning. prama (means of knowledge) regarding the subtle
m pura (pur--a) a. (f. #) (fr. } !- affairs of the gods, and those material affairs of the world
+ go ahead) - exists now as before, and mankind, not otherwise known to our senses and
always there, eternal (because of the base word pur sciences.
[long ago], when this word is used along with another purtana (pur--tana) a. (fr. } !-
word whose meaning also is eternal, then it is + go ahead 6.27:) - exists now as before
distinguished from its synonym as pertaining to what (i.e., ever the same), always there, eternal,
was the same long ago, i.e., without growth, ancient.
~~2.20), ancient. mpura n. ) )j} puru-jit (pur-u-jit) m. () fr. ; +
tales of past ages, a mix of ancient and legendary fill or } !-+ go ahead + j + be
history. These are meant to describe: sarga (the victorious 6.24.2:) name of a brother of Kunti-
creation of the universe), pratisarga (its dissolution and bhoja (the latter had adopted Kunt, the
152
 (UpasanaYoga.org) GITA DICTIONARY p
Pavas mother), who fought on the Pava (~+~) a. )+: " +: m@ whose
side. topic is puruottama. ~& -abha (~)
) purua (pur-u-a) m. (fr. ; + fill or m. )m} &: +: (Arjuna) prominent (lit.
} !-+ go ahead) man, person, sg. or pl. bull) among men. ~ -vyghra m.
people; in gram. the grammatical person (uttama- )} : (Arjuna) best or fearless (lit.
purua [1st person], etc.); +} the one who fills tiger) among men.
the body, j} the experiencer; -) the +} purodhas (pur-o-dh[]-as) m. (fr. }
one who fills the perishable (i.e., the Lord in the !-+ go ahead 2.24: & 2.33: + + place,
form of the physical universe), and !--) lit. placed in front) j-+ the head priest
the one who fills the imperishable (i.e., the Lord of the king.
in the form of the unmanifest [a-vyakta or } pu 1.P. or 9.P. (pr. + or m) +
my]), m- (}) the cosmic person cause to thrive, nourish; (less commonly) ;pe
(who is the Lord in the form of the total subtle thrive.
[non-gross, non-material] world, ~~8.4); #
the one who fills everything, the !}. ~$ nourish
pukala (pu-kala) a. (fr. } +
) + excellent, best, m rich, full;
-uttama (~+~) m. -): !--): e
abundant.
)e @ $: $: )+: (Lord
Ka, Paramevara) the being (Lord) who } pup 4.P. (pp. 6.6:) + expand,
transcends (the perishable and imperishable blow open, blossom.
beings, by being the reality itself that is inclusive pupa (pup-a) n. (fr. } + expand)
of these conceptual divisions, as the conscious flower; - topaz.
being transcends thoughts which come and go pupita (pup-i-ta) pp. (of } +
without leaving a trace upon consciousness, expand 6.6:) flowered, flowery.
~~15.1618). ~$+ -uttama-yoga
p 9.U. or 1.. (pr. pt. }, pp. ) ++
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 j} pj GITA DICTIONARY (UpasanaYoga.org)

purify. ) prua (pr-u-a) (accented vowel lengthened for

j} pj 10.U. (pot. ps. pt. j) j+ (!+) meter) m. (fr. ; + fill or } !-+ go
worship, honor, treat with respect. ahead) ) person.

j pjana (pj-ana) n. (fr. j} !+ worship) m pra (pr-na) pp. (of > + fill 2.69: & 6.6:
! worshipping, honoring. & 2.92:) filled; p fulfilled, complete.

j pj (pj-[a]-) f. (fr. j} !+ worship) prva (pr-va) prn. a. (pl. + 4.16.3:) (fr. >
! worship. ~! -arha a. j: !: worthy + fill 2.69: or } !-+ go ahead) !
of worship. first, prior (in time or place), of long ago,
ancient, former, eastern (where the sun first
j pjya (pj-ya) pot. ps. pt. (of j} !+
appears to rise). prva m. pl. ancestors,
worship) to be worshipped.
forefathers. ~! -abhysa m. -;:
pta (p-ta) pp. (of ++ purify) p !: previous practice (including from
purified. ~ -ppa a. p- cleansed of previous human lives, ~~6.44). ~} -kam
ppa. in. in cmpd. ~ +-+ preceded by; !: with,
pti (p-ti) a. (fr. } + putrify) backed by, in accordance with. ~ -tara cpv. a.
stinking, putrid. (6.25:) earlier. ~} -m in. (6.16:) } before (in
} py 1.. m+ split; + putrify. time or place), already.
pra (pr-a) a. (fr. > + fill 2.69:) m ; p 3.P. + fill; (Vedic) m+ cross over,
filling, satisfying. pra m. m fulfillment, (hence) + protect.
satisfaction ; pcchmi (pcch--mi) pr. 1 sg. (of st

m praa (pr-aa) a. (fr. > + fill 2.69:) } } ask 5.17.2:) (I) ask.
m-m filling, satisfying. m praa n. m ;} pthak (pth-a[]k) in. (fr. } + +
fulfillment, satisfaction. suff./noun fr. !} e go wide apart) N+
154
 (UpasanaYoga.org) GITA DICTIONARY ; prakti
separately, apart, distinct, distinctly; -*+ or } !-+ go ahead) ) : humanity,
severally. ;} ;} pthak pthak in. human intellect; ) $: human (or
N} individually. ~-tva (~) n. N personal) effort, !- personal capacity.
separateness, being distinct. ~+-tvena (inst. e paurva (paurv[a]-a) a. (fr. > + fill 2.69:)
~+) in. N} separately, severally. ~ in cmpd. ~ e previous. ~+ -dehika a.
-vidha (~~) a. pl. -: various kinds. } ++ : which existed in a previous body
; pthiv (pth-i-v-) f. (fr. } + be (birth).
extended, ; broad + #) earth, soil; pra in. prefix !+
forth, forward, onward;
; } the element earth (i.e., +m very, much, greatly; in -Ys
ghanatVsolidity). ~ -pati m. ;: : (declinable cmpds. 6.36:) ~ !+ fore-; ; great- (in
king of the earth. relationships).
; pha n. (poss. fr. + remain prominent praka (pra-k-a) a. (fr. } e
2.101:) +: p: the back of a body or thing, shine) $jj shining; evident, manifest
the top of a horizontal body or thing. ~} -tas (to the senses), known.
praka m.
in. (6.19:) p+ behind. light, illumination, brightness;
> p 3.P. (pr. pt. m 5.37.4: & 2.92:, pp. m 6.6: manifestation.~ -ka a. } illuminating.
& 2.92:, in. pt. ~ 6.9: & 2.69:) + fill. !~ - prakrti (pra-kr-ti) f. (fr. ` @+
fill. proclaim) praise; (}) fame.
em paura m. the name of Bhmas conch. ; prakti (pra-k-ti) f. (fr. ; m+ do) -
e pautra (pautr[a]-a) m. !} sons -* natural form or condition (of a
son, grandson; - as an affectionate form of thing), original condition; -;--
address, meaning dear child. @: -je !l: the latent
e) paurua (pauru[a]-a) n. (fr. ; + fill impressions from proper and improper acts

155
} prach GITA DICTIONARY (UpasanaYoga.org)

done in the present or past lives (of an cause] that provides the satt/existence and the
individual) that are now manifest, ones natural jnat/intelligence [including the laws or order] to the
and cultivated mental make-up and tendencies, universe. Prakti is the updna-kraa [material
disposition; $-m material cause (esp. of cause] that provides the rpa/form to the universe);
the universe), the veiling and projection prakti-sambhav pl. m: ;@ (the
power of the Lord (see +~$~4.10), nature, guas, ~~14.5) existing in prakti (i.e., as
+ mother nature. ~j -ja a. (6.24.3:) ;: praktithe three guas are the constituents of
j: born from prakti (i.e., the mixtures of prakti; they are not born from it, since prakti is
three guasthese mixtures constituting every described as tri-gutmik [consisting of the three
physical and mental entity), ;: : guas]). ~ -stha a. (6.24.1:) ;e "
born as prakti (i.e., the unmodified/unmingled what abides in prakti.
three guas, which constitute prakti). ~ } prach 6.P. (pr. ; 5.17.2:) } (irreg.
-sambhava a. ;: # -m-l: des. of cs. ) ask.
m : whose origin is j prajana (pra-jan-a) m. (fr. j} $} be
prakti; ;@ m@ @ "
born) j; the cause for progeny.
(the three guas) existing in prakti as its three
constituents (~~14.5). (Prakti is the Lords j prajahti (pra-ja-h-ti) pr. 3 sg. (of
rd

power as the material cause of the universe. That prakti
has inherent in it the three constituent principles: sattva,
rajas, and tamas, and is also called my. The Lord is
both purua and prakti, the male-female symmetry
needed for manifesting this universe of duality from the
pairing of the elemental particles to the pairing of the
creatures. Purua is the nimitta-kraa [efficient
+ 3.P. 5.8.3:) (he/she/it/who) abandons.
j praj (pra-j[a][n]-) f. (fr. j} $} be
born) ! offspring; j people. ~ -pati m.
;: Lord of the universe (Lord Brahm).
praj (pra-j[]-[a]-) f. (fr. !++
know, this round-about formation seems justified on the
basis of the existence of the intermediate form

156
 (UpasanaYoga.org) GITA DICTIONARY pratyanka
Vintelligent) m knowledge, wisdom. } against, counter; $ with regard to.
~ -vda m. pl. @ p@ : words of prati prep. (w/acc. 6.15:) !} towards,
the wise, wise words, words of wisdom. against; $ (w/gen.) with regard to; }
m praamya (pra-am-ya) in. pt. (of } repetition (of the preceding words or word).
+ bow 6.9: & 2.92:) +m @ ; bowing. pratih (prati-h[]-[a]-) f. (fr.
m praaya (pra-ay-a) m. (fr. m+ lead) -;e
remain 2.101:) remaining,
friendship. standing still; !} " that in which
something is based, ! basis.
m praava (pra-av -a) m. (fr. e praise
2.92:) !+w O, the sacred sound symbol of pratihpya (prati-h-p-ya) in. pt. (of
brahman. cs.
-;e remain 6.9: & 5.40: & 2.101:)
m praayati (pra-a-ya-ti) pr. 3rd sg. (of @ ; setting up.
} !-+ be lost 4.P. 2.92:) (he/she/it/who) pratihita (prati-hi-ta) pp. (of
disappears, perishes, is destroyed. -;e remain 6.6: & 2.101:) well established.
m praidhya (pra-i-dh-ya) in. pt. (of pratyaka (praty-ak-a) a. (fr. !} e
+ place 2.92:) +m e: ; properly reach) (lit. before the eyes) ;-+ within
prostrating. the scope of perception, perceptible (to any of
the five senses); clear, evident; } direct,
m praipta (pra-i-pt-a) m. (fr. }
immediate.
pratyaka n. "-j-
fall 2.92:) +m e:
e } surrender (at
knowledge that can arise from the sense organs
the feet of the teacher).
(contacting their respective objects). ~!
pratpa (pra-tp-a) m. (fr. } + heat) -avagama a. @ } @ directly
+j} majesty, dignity, power. ~} -vat a. +j+- known.
l powerful, majestic.
pratyanka (praty-an-ka) n.m. (lit.
prati in. prefix !} towards, before, at;
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 pratyavya GITA DICTIONARY (UpasanaYoga.org)

against the army) !@ -@ pradia (pra-di-a) pp. (of } !+

!} opposing army. point out 2.85:) pointed out, revealed.
pratyavya (praty-ava-ay-a) m. (fr. " pradpta (pra-dp-ta) pp. (of } j+
attain 2.71:) e production of an
e shine) glowing, blazing.
opposite result, adverse reaction. } pradviat (pra-dvi-at) pr. pt. (of } !-
pratyupakra (praty-upa-kr-a) a. (fr. e not be pleased) hating, despising.
; m+ do) return favor, repayment. pranaa (pra-na-a) pp. (of } !-+
~!} -artham in. (6.32:) } for the be lost 2.85:, an ex. to 2.92: as the cerebralization after
sake of a return favor. } is apparently satisfied by the cerebralization of the
} prath 6.P. (pp. 6.6:) + be remotely following } by 2.85:, instead of changing } to
extended, be unfolded; + be famous, be well m}) @ : gone, destroyed.
told. N prapanna (pra-pan-na) pp. (of } e
prathama (pra-thama) a. (poss. fr. spv. suffix attain 6.6:) m- surrendered.
in the sense of fore-most, alternatively fr. } } prapayat (pra-pay-[a]-at) pr. pt. (of
+ be famous) chief, foremost; ! ;} +m+ see 5.15.6:) clearly seeing, who clearly
first (used as an ordinal = 1st, 4.26:), earliest. see (know).
prathita (prath-i-ta) pp. (of } + be prapaymi (pra-pay--mi) pr. 1st sg.
famous 6.6:) renowned. (of ;} +m+ see 1.P. 5.15.6: & 5.5.a:) (I) see,
prada (pra-da) a. ( + + give) only in clearly see.
cmpd. ~ (6.24.1:)
" gives, yields. prapitmaha (pra-pi-t-mah-a)
pradigdha (pra-dig-dha) pp. (of } (~ here the 1 member of the cmpd. ; is
st

$+ augment 2.106:, 2.76: & 2.78:) smeared, irregularly in nom. sg. 6.40:) m. (fr. m+ protect
stained. + } j} honor) ;: -: great-
158
 (UpasanaYoga.org) GITA DICTIONARY prayata
grandfather (6.36:); : : the first measures or knows, -- a means of
fathers father, j: j (i.e., the knowledge (i.e., any of the various types of sense
uncaused) cause of the cause (of the world, perceptions and inferences, and ruti/scripture);
~~11.38). an exemplar, model.
prabhava (pra-bhav-a) m. (fr. } } pramthin (pra-mth-in) a. (fr. }
be) source, $: origin, in cmpd. ~ born, ++
churn) +- harassing, disturbing,
m (material) cause; (-l) majesty, distracting.
glory. pramda (pra-md-a) m. (fr. } -
m prabhaviu (pra-bhav-iu) a. (fr. ++: be overjoyed, be in a pitiable condition
be) - naturally creating,
} [e+]) - scattered mind, inattention,
naturally manifesting; - naturally carelessness, -m not doing what is
prominent. m
prabhaviu m. j; intoxication. ~!
necessary to do;
progenitor, manifester; master, lord. -lasya-nidr f. : !@
prabh (pra-bh[]-[a]-) f. (fr. e carelessness, laziness, and sleepiness. ~+
shine) light, radiance. -moha m. du. : +: carelessness and
delusion.
prabhva (pra-bhv-a) m. (fr. }
be) -l might, majesty, glory. pramukha (pra-mukha) a. ! front,
facing (6.36:). ~% (loc. ~+) ~} -tas in. + in
prabhu (pra-bhu) m. (fr. + +m
front (of).
} be in an exalted way) } master,
! Lord, !} I/myself (as the one for prayacchati (pra-yacch-a-ti) pr. 3rd sg.
whom the body and mind subserve). (of } -m+ exercise authority 5.15.6:) (he/
she/it/who) exercises authority; + gives,
m prama (pra-m-aa) n. (fr. +
offers (holds forth).
measure 2.92:) + !+ that by which one
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 prayata GITA DICTIONARY (UpasanaYoga.org)

prayata (pra-ya[m]-ta) pp. (of } - yrs. (3x kali), and kta-yuga = 1.728 million yrs. (4x
m+
exercise authority 6.6:) -; mastered. kali)] = 4.32 billion human years = 1 day-time of
~!}
-tman a. -;:-m@ Lord Brahm, the pralaya being the night-time of
whose mind is mastered. equal length, after which the manifestation cycle begins
prayatna (pra-yat-na) m. (fr. } $+ anew with the next day; the life-time of Lord Brahm
make effort) ! effort, proper effort; being 100 of his years, or a bit over 311 trillion human
willful effort, resolve. years [when Lord Brahm himself is freed and
brahma-loka is also resolved, then re-manifested in a
m praya (pra-y-aa) n. (fr. e move new great cycle with another exalted jva, as Lord
2.92:) journey, march; m death. ~
-kla m. m- the time (moment) of death.
Brahm]. } pralayam with verbs and
participles meaning go has the sense of die (lit. go
prayta (pra-y-ta) pp. (of e go) + to death). ~! -anta a. : m@ !:
departed, dead. whose end is death, which last till death.
l prayukta (pra-yuk-ta) pp. (of j} +m+ pralna (pra-l-na) pp. (of -m+
impel 2.81:) + impelled. dissolve 6.6:) ; deceased, absorbed.
} pralapat (pra-lap-[a]-at) pr. pt. (of } } pravadat (pra-vad-[a]-at) pr. pt. (of }
l@ talk) talking. l@ speak) @ } talking, one who
pralaya (pra-lay-a) m. (fr. +m+ adhere, talks.
-m+ dissolve) destruction, resolution, pravartita (pra-vart-i-ta) pp. (of cs. ;}
dissolution (esp. of the universe [excluding brahma- e move) + set in motion.
loka]. In mythology, every kalpa = 1,000 mah-yugas
= 1,000 cycles of the 4 yugas [the 4 yugas are: kali-
pravla (pra-vl-a) (also ) m. (fr. }
+
move about [to face the light]) !w
yuga = 432 thousand yrs., dv-para-yuga = 864
shoot, sprout, bud.
thousand yrs. (2x kali), tret-yuga = 1.296 million
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 (UpasanaYoga.org) GITA DICTIONARY N prasanna
l pravibhakta (pra-vi-bhak-ta) pp. (of pravyathita (pra-vyath-i-ta) pp. (of
j} + divide 2.81:) distinctly divided. } -+: beafraid or tremble 6.6:)
pravra (pra- v-ra) m. (fr. Vedic +m+ + : shaking with fear, frightened.
arouse, lead) hero. ~!} -antartman a. : !
; pravtta (pra-vt-ta) pp. (of ;} ;e !:-m@ whose mind is frightened, deeply
frightened.
perform) ; engaged, actively involved;
about to start, starting. praasta (pra-a[]s-ta) pp. (of @} e
praise 6.6:) @ praiseworthy, + good;
; pravtti (pra-vt-ti) f. (fr. ;} !+ auspicious, sacred.
undertake) ! origin, $ rising,
manifestation; pursuit (of karman) (opp. to pranta (pra-n-ta) pp. (of } +
nivtti, ~~18.30); } )-+ + be satisfied 6.6: irreg. retaining of nasal and
;: what is to be pursued (as a means for lengthening of preceding !) $: N:-m:
attaining human goals, the four pururthas, see clear (mind). ~!}
-tman a. +m :
artha-kma, ~~16.7); -+ activity (in ! !:-m@ whose mind is clear.
general), behavior, function; (as a vice) ~} -manas a. +m : !:-m@
physical restlessness, !+ meaningless whose mind is clear.
activity. l prasakta (pra-sa[]k-ta) pp. (of } @+
;p pravddha (pra-vd-dha) pp. (of ;} $+ attach + identify with 6.6: & 2.81:) w}
increase 2.76: & 2.78:) $p expanded, increased, attached to, cling to; - identifying
great, predominant; -; augmented, oneself with.
nourished. w prasaga (pra-sag-a) m. (fr. } @+
+} praveum (pra-ve-um) inf. (of } attach 2.82:) ! occasion, circumstance;
!+ enter into 2.85:) to enter, to attain. !l attachment. ~%
-ena (inst. ~w+) in.

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 N prasanna GITA DICTIONARY (UpasanaYoga.org)

-} according to the opportunity. +m+

hurl 2.92:) ! a weapon to be hurled,
N prasanna (pra-san-na) pp. (of + } pe missile, arrow.
be clear 6.6:) clear, tranquil; pleased, } prahasat (pra-has-[a]-at) pr. pt. (of }
cheerful. ~!} -tman a. N@ ! +: + laugh) laughing. } " prahasat iva
whose mind has clarity or is cheerful. (prahasann iva 2.62: as though laughing)
~+} -cetas a. N@ +: who has clarity #@ } smiling.
of mind. prahlda (pra-hld-a) m. (fr. } + be
prasabha (pra-sa-bha) adv. in cmpd. ~ (fr. happy) m-+: e : the name of the
e shine) + forcefully, impulsively. pious (devoted to Lord Nryaa/Viu) son of
~} -m in. + forcefully, impulsively. the demon Hiraya-kaipu.
} prasaviyadhvam (pra-sav-i-ya- } prk (prk) in. (6.16:) (fr. }
directed
dhvam) fut. impv. 2 nd
pl. (of + multiply) forward) } + ++ before (in time or
may you multiply. space), in front of (w/abl. 6.16:).
prasda (pra-sd-a) m. (fr. + } pe ; prkta (pr-k-t[i]-a) a. (fr. ; m+ do,
be clear) ! grace, favor; benign ;-@} connected with nature) base,
disposition, p clarity, clarity, low; --p original, primary, unmodified;
cheerfulness; +-e+ the remnants of an !-@; uncultivated; !@;-p: -
offering to the Lord (which are distributed to : whose mind is very uneducated (like that of
the participants of the ritual, and as charity). a child), immature. ; prkta n. ;+:
; prasta (pra-s-ta) pp. (of ; e
go/ @;-} ! a vernacular or
attain) extended; :; projected, provincial dialect derived from Sakta
manifested. vocabulary.

m praharaa (pra-har-aa) n. (fr. + / } prc (pra-a[]c) a. (fr. !} e go) (weak

162
 (UpasanaYoga.org) GITA DICTIONARY prpta
form used in cmpd., and n. nom. voc. acc. of }/} death), and samna (uniting digestion);
3.25:) : + ++ before (in time or space), +} respiration, breathing in and out;
eastward (in front of you facing the rising sun). " any of the organs/functions within the
prja (pr-ja) a. (fr. !++ know body. ~! -apna m. du. m: !:
6.24.1:) (6.12: irreg. prefixing) +m j " exhalation and inhalation. ~! -apna-
learned, wise. prja m. a learned person, gati f. +: @ +: !+-@ the flow
scholar. of exhalation and inhalation. ~!l
-apna-samyukta a. m@ l:
prjali (pra-aj-ali) a. (fr. !} le be united with exhalation and inhalation (or more
manifest) -;- with hands folded (in
generally, united with respiration and evacuation).
supplication).
~!m -yma-paryaa a.
m pra (pra-a-a) m. (fr. !} m+ breathe : m: m@ for whom the
2.92:) /-: - : the wind/air that ultimate end is the practice of breath control
resides in the heart (i.e., in the chest, the center (called kumbhaka [holding the breath inside for a
of the body, as life-force energy) and in the nose certain duration, then holding the breath outside
(as breath); - atmospheric wind; j for a certain duration]). ~"} -in a. m: !
life, life-breath; energy; -;: +-: ! " m} living; m. j living creature,
-+: the five basic kinds of energy or animal, human. ~} -karman n. pl. m@
physiological functions within the body: pra m the actions of the (five) pras.
(outward exhalation), apna (downward
inhalation or energy, including evacuation),
prdhnya (pr-dh-an[a]-ya) n. (fr.
vyna (dispersing circulation), udna (upward
m+ hold) prominence, importance.

ejecting energy, a rising force, including

~} -tas in. (6.19:) } wherever
there is importance (~~10.19).
vomiting and including the ejecting of the subtle
body upon the physical bodys failure called prpa (pra-p-a) a. (fr. !} + obtain) in
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 prpta GITA DICTIONARY (UpasanaYoga.org)

cmpd. ~ + " gaining. dear. ~

-hita a. -+ ;;+ pleasant
prpta (pra-p-ta) pp. (of !} + (now) and beneficial (later).
obtain) attained, gained. pr 9.U. (ps. pr. +, pr. ps. pt. m 2.92:,
prpti (pra-p -ti) f. (fr. !} + obtain) pp. ) m+ satisfy, please; be pleased.
gaining, a gain. prta (pr-ta) pp. (of m+ satisfy) pleased.
prpya (pra-p-ya) pot. ps. pt. (of !} ~} -manas a. @ : having a pleased
+ obtain 6.8:) to be obtained. prpya mind.
in. pt. (of !} 6.9:) gaining, having gained. prti (pr-ti) f. (fr. m+ satisfy) + love;
+ prrthayante (pra-arth-ay[a]-ante) pr. satisfaction, contentment. ~}
3 pl. (of !`
rd
$+ 5.5.b:) (they) request, prvakam in. ++ with love.
pray (for). m pryama (pr-ya-ma) pr. ps. pt. (of
prha (pra-a-ah-a) perf. 3rd sg. (of !} m+ satisfy 2.92:) who is pleased.
l@ speak 5.8.5:) (he/she/it/who) told, + preta (pra-i-ta) pp. (of " e go) deceased.
taught. + preta m. : ghost (an individual who, due
priya (priy-a) a. (fr. m+ satisfy 2.67:) / to some type of over-attachment, upon dying
pleasant, dear, beloved, liked, favorite. can not yet proceed to the next world, but
priya n. ! kindness, favor. priy f. remains in this world as a ghost for some time).
lady friend or lover. ~; -kttama spv. + pretya (pra-i-tya) in. pt. (of " e go 6.9:)
a. !+ -: who does the most dear dying, having died, after death.
(act or service). ~
-cikru a. (fr. des. of + prepsu (pra-p-s[a]-u) a. (fr. des. of !}
; m+ do 5.41: & 5.8.3:) @ } ": + obtain 5.41: & 5.12.2:) + " desiring to
desirous to please, desirous of doing a favor. obtain.
~ -tara cpv. a. (6.25:) !+ : more
+l prokta (pra-uk-ta) pp. (of } m+
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 (UpasanaYoga.org) GITA DICTIONARY bala
speak 6.6: & 2.3.a: & 2.80:) said, told, taught. motives are only for the (perishable) results (of
+l} proktavat (pra-uk-tavat) past act. pt. (of action).
} m+ speak 6.7: & 2.3.a: & 2.80:) told, @} bah (=}) 1.. ;pe increase.
taught. bata interj. ++ oh! (exclamation expressing
+ procyamna (pra-uc-ya-mna) pr. ps. sorrow), + oh! (exclamation expressing
pt. (of } m+ speak 6.5: & 5.37.6:) being surprise). !+ aho bata interj. !+ oh!
told. (with the same exclamations expressed above).
+ prota (pra-u-ta) pp. (of + -+ weave p baddha (ba[n]d-dha) pp. (of } @+ bind
6.6: weakened by samprasraa to $) - is 6.6: & 2.76: & 2.78:) bound.
woven; extended lengthwise (as the } bandh 9.P. (pr. 5.3.h:, ps. pr. +
perpendicular threads on a loom); strung. 5.37.5:, pp. p 6.6: & 2.76: & 2.78:) @+ bind. ~
plava (plav-a) m. (fr. $ e go over) ni- bind.
floating; -e small boat, raft. bandha (bandh-a) m. (fr. } @+ bind)
plu 1.. (pp. ) $ e go over, float, fly, @ a restraint, bondage.
jump. }~ sam- go over, etc. bandhana (ban dh-ana) a. (fr. } @+
} phal 1.P. m+ burst, break open, perish. bind) + binding. bandhana n. @ a
phala (phal-a) n. (fr. } m+ burst, restraint, bondage.
break open, perish) fruit; - (unseen) bandhu (bandh-u) m. (fr. } @+ bind)
reward (of action that fructifies later in this life friend; kin, relative.
or a next), result (of action). ~!w} babhva (ba-bh- v-a) perf. 3rd sg. (of
-kkin a. !w ! ! " } be 5.28:) (he/she/it/who) was.
having an anticipation/requirement for (its)
result. ~+
-hetu a. % +: whose
} bal 1.P. m+ enliven, animate.
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 bala GITA DICTIONARY (UpasanaYoga.org)

bala (bal-a) n. (fr. } m+ animate) l and eyes. ~

-vidha a. - many-fold,
force, power, pressure; capability (to many and varied. ~
-kha a. : :
undertake whatever is required), ability, efficacy; many branched.
+ army. ~!} -t (abl.) ~%-ena (~+ inst.) bahula (bah-u-la) a. (fr. @} ;pe increase)
in. } forcefully. ~}
-vat a. (or in.) } ! much, many, great. ~! -ysa m. }
! powerful(ly). : a lot of effort, a huge effort.
} bahis (bah-is) in. (6.16:) } external, bndhava (bndh-av-a) m. (fr. }
outside. } bahis prep. with certain roots: ; @+ bind) kinsman, relation, friend.
(} is irreg. application of 2.101:) shut out; } shut
out; come forth or from.
bla a. foolish, childish, inexperienced,
!-+} non-discerning; )m young.
bahu (bah-u) a. (often declines in fem. with opt. # bla m. child, boy; !- simpleton, fool.
as 3.30.c:) (fr. @} ;pe increase) much,
!+ many, } great. ~$ -udara (~~)
bhu (bh-u) m. (fr. @} ;pe increase, be
strong) j arm.
$m } in whom are many bellies.
~@ -dar-karla a. : @: bhya (bh-[is]-ya) a. (fr. in. } outside)
: : horrible with many fangs. ~ external. ~ -spara m. pl. : +
-dh (bahu-dh) in. (6.19:) -+m in many : external sense objects.
ways. ~) -bhru-pda a. : : bibharti (bi-bhar-ti) pr. 3rd sg. (of ;
$: : } in whom are many arms, m+support 6.6: & 2.85:) (he/she/it/who)
thighs, and feet. ~ -mata a. : : well/ sustains.
highly regarded, : me: l: "+@ : j bja (b-ja) n. (said to be fr. + j}
considered as having many virtues. ~+- $} be born) +-m seed, cause. ~
vaktra-netra a. m +m -prada m. (6.24.1:) the implanter
@ } within whom are many mouths of the seed, impregnator.
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 (UpasanaYoga.org) GITA DICTIONARY p buddhi
p buddhi (bud-dhi) f. (fr. } !+ know limitless), brought about through understanding this
2.76: & 2.78:) -!-!:-m-;
the teaching, and that therefore this is my only pururtha
aspect of the mind when it decides, the intellect (goal in life). When this understanding is applied to all
(as opposed to the manas); !:-m ones activities, then it is here described as the resulting
+-} the power of the mind attitude one takes to these activities and their results,
(to know objects such as thoughts etc.) (esp. the i.e., this is the motivation for ones activities, not the
human capacity to contemplate its own results of the actions themselves. Material or even
thoughts), !:-m +-l: the spiritual successes play no role in this persons life. There
discriminating capacity of the mind; -p is only one success, and that is moka (complete freedom
(lit. the total/universal buddhi) (in the context of in this life). This attitude is also described as samatva
the manifestation of the universe) the sakalpa (sameness of attitude) towards all results and towards all
(intention) of the Lord (as the creator at the objects in the world. This attitude is shown how to be
time of the manifestation of the universe in converted into knowledge when the basis of samatva/
which buddhi the laws are determined by which smya is said to be the sama which is brahman
everything is manifested according to karman, see (reality), see ~~5.1819. When one has no clarity
~~13.5); knowledge, understanding; about the ultimate goal in life and how to attain it, then
conviction, attitude. When used with or in the sense ones attitudes and convictions are as innumerable as
of yoga, e.g., buddhi-yoga, this attitude means ones material and spiritual desires, and their means
vyavasytmik buddhi (a certain definite arising in the mind, see ~~2.4144. Once one has
understanding) about the nature of the Lord, the world more clarity in this initial, relative understanding, then
and myself based on the teaching within the Bhagavad one may (but need not) take to a lifestyle (brahma-
Gt and the Upaniads, wherein what is reyas (the carya or sannysa) in which gaining this knowledge is
ultimate good) for the individual is understood to be the only activity, then that jna-nih (devotion only
moka (complete freedom, which is the attainment of the to this knowledge) is called jna-yoga. Then, in

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p buddhv GITA DICTIONARY (UpasanaYoga.org)

whichever lifestyle, when that understanding is completely grasped by the intellect. ~

-na m. p+: !-
assimilated it is called jna or vijna, in which one is : loss or incapacity of intellect. ~+
-bheda
then called sthita-praja (one whose wisdom is firm). m. p+: w: dissension in the understanding; p+:
Although the only knowledge that gives complete freedom ;m} leading astray the understanding. ~}
is, Aha brahma asmi I am the limitless conscious -mat a. p: ! ! " + discerning,
being, and its equivalent expressions [~~2.1125], the one who makes best use of the intellect (to
the preparatory teaching, called yoga, is the resulting solve the fundamental problem that is the
understanding of the sthita-praja, who has been source of sorrow). ~l
-yukta a. -
similarly taught, and as a result has gained this p l: endowed with (an evenness of)
knowledge, towards the world, including this body and attitude. ~+ -yoga m. -p: % +: the
mind, and their activities, which prepares the mind of the yoga that is (evenness of) attitude (karma-yoga,
student, allowing it to gain the same firm vision as the ~~2.4849); p: @ + +:
teachers and the teaching. It is important to note that it attainment through clear knowledge (jna-
is essentially the same understanding/teaching yoga, ~~10.10). ~@+
-sayoga m. p
throughout, it is only ones clarity and assimilation of it @+: connection through the intellect.
that varies. That is why in ~~10.10, buddhi-yoga p buddhv (bud-dhv) in. pt. (of } !+
can also mean its goal, attainment through clear know 2.76: & 2.78:) knowing.
knowledge. It is a conversion from the teaching says
this about myself to I know I am this. But the
} budh 1.U. or 4.. (pr. + ~+ or +,
impv. 1.P. +, cs. pr. +, pr. pt. cs. +}, pot.
simplest, initial manifestation of this understanding is an
ps. pt. +p 6.8: & 2.76: & 2.78:, in. pt. p 2.76: &
evenness of attitude towards the results of action, see
~~12.811. ~ -grhya pot. ps. pt. (of }
2.78:) !+ know; cs. !+ teach. ~ ni-
know, etc.; pay heed.
$+ take, grasp 6.8:) p m@ : to be
grasped by the intellect; p ;+ " is budha (budh-a) a. (fr. } !+ know)
} who has knowledge. budha m. a
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 (UpasanaYoga.org) GITA DICTIONARY } brahman
sage, wise person. } brahman (brah-man) n. (fr. ;} ;pe be
;} bh 1.P. (pr. pt. ;}) ;pe increase, prosper, big) (lit. the big) + sacred knowledge/
be big. scripture; @ } !@ limitless reality-
consciousness (e~$~2.1.1), the limitless conscious
;} bhat (bh-[a]-at) a. (pr. pt. of ;} ;pe
being, reality (of everything sentient and
increase, in form and declension but without pr. pt.
insentient, recognized best as the center of ones
meaning) great, extensive; l}
own being, as consciousness itself), !} I, the
powerful. ;}
bhat n. -+ -+
self. } brahman m. m a person of the
certain mantras of the Sma Veda (sung in the
class of priests, educators, and judges; Lord
bhat meter). ;}
bhat m. n. } speech,
(the name of the Lord here shown in masc. nom. sg. to
prayer. ;
bhat f. +-+ a meter of
distinguish it from the neut. } reality), the
thirty-six syllables (8+8+12+8). ~} Lord as manifester of the universe, m-
-sman n. -+ -+: certain mantras of
(the first born, from which total subtle being all
the Sma Veda (sung in the bhat meter), as well
as the bhat meter itself.
else is derived). brahma in cmpd. ~, (6.29:).
~! -agni m. e !: the fire that is but
; bhas-pati (bh-as-pati) m. (fr. Vedic ;} brahman. ~$p -udbhava (~+~) a. m:
prayer, in gen. sg. ;} + 6.31.5: & 6.29:) ;: +} $p: $: born of brahman (i.e., of
;: : : the Lord of speech (or prayer); the Veda, ~~3.15). ~}
-karman n. m-
" +-: head priest of Lord Indra. j+: the duty of a brhmaa (~~18.42).
+p boddhavya (bod-dhavya) pot. ps. pt. (of ~ -karma-samdhi m. e
} !+ know 6.8: & 2.76: & 2.78:) to be - } : whose vision of
known. identity is that everything (all aspects of activity
+} bodhayat (bod-ay[a]-at) pr. pt. (of cs. } and its results) is but brahman. ~-carya n.
!+ know) } teaching. )---m} ! -@ "
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 brhma GITA DICTIONARY (UpasanaYoga.org)

living in the house of the teacher, or otherwise simply being, without mistaken notions of
(if already studied with a teacher, then continued reality), + complete freedom (which is the
contemplation and teaching others), for nature of brahman). ~+l}
-yoga-
attaining (an assimilated knowledge of) yukttman a. m +: : -+: +
brahman; (if contextually limited to the body as in -++ l: : } ;: !
~~17.14) +- restraint of the !:-m@ whose mind is endowed with
external organs (including chastity for students (knowledge of) the identity (of tman) in
in a guru-kula). ~ -cri-vrata n. - brahman, whose mind is endowed with (or
m: @ --@ -@ )-- resolved in) the clear knowledge (yoga =
N-: the vow of brahma-carya samdhi = samyag-jna) of brahman. ~}
(namely, service to the teacher of brahman (i.e., -vdin a. m: + -: the one who
Veda), eating food gathered through alms, etc.). knows the Vedas (~~17.24). ~}
-vid a. m.
~m -nirva n. m ; +: (6.24:) j the one who knows the
liberation in (i.e., as) brahman (which is moka). limitless reality; + a. one who meditates
~ -bhuvana n. -+ the 7th heaven on (a manifestation of) brahman (in the world).
wherein is Lord Brahm (the most exalted ~ -vidy f. m: } knowledge (or
heaven within sasra, where, it is said, Lord teaching) of/about brahman. ~@
Brahm teaches the inmates brahma-vidy to -saspara a. m @: of a contact
free them from sasra). ~
-bhta a. with brahman, (revealed by) the contact with
being brahman, - having attained (the knowledge of) brahman (~~6.28).
brahman, jl: e
@ "+@ } ~ -stra-pada n. pl. m:
(liberated while living) clearly knowing that -m e: + + + "
brahman is all this (including me). ~
-bhya concise statements (of the Veda, i.e.,
n. - being brahman, being reality (i.e., of the Upaniads) that reveal brahman.

170
 (UpasanaYoga.org) GITA DICTIONARY j} bhaj
brhma (brh-m[an]-a) a. (f. #) (fr. ;} 2.101:, impf. !} 5.19.8:, impv. 5.6.a:) l@
be big 6.27.b:) m !: being in
;pe speak, tell.
brahman (being brahman, as brahman). l bhakta (bhak-ta) pp. (of j} +} seek
m brhmaa (brh-ma-a) m. (fr. ;} ;pe 2.81:) l} devoted, who seeks. l bakta m.
be big 2.92:) +-} one learned in the scripture l-j (+) seeker, devotee.
(brahman); -} one whose l bhakti (bhak-ti) f. (fr. j} +} seek
knowledge is sttvika (~~18.20), +} 2.81:) + seeking, worship, devotion. ~$/
discerning person, -m-} a -upahta a. : offered out of
contemplative person; m-m ): a devotion. ~} -mat a. l: ! ! who
person of the class of priests, educators, and has devotion. ~+ -yoga a. l: " +:
judges (by jti/birth [as one was generally born m@ whose topic is bhakti; m. j@ l:
into and brought up in the familys trade], or : % +: the means that is seeking (the Lord),
simply by sva-bhva/disposition) (According to devotion.
karman with its emphasis on personal responsibility, one
is born into a life for which one is suited and which is
} bhagavat (bhag-a-vat) m. (fr. j} +
dispense 2.82:) # the Lord, the one who is said
deserved); belonging to the priests, +-
to have the six-fold virtues (bhagas/
the theological exegesis in prose that explain and
attainments) in absolute measure: jna/
expound on Vedic hymns or on Upaniad
knowledge, vairgya/dispassion, vrya/power,
verses; pl. m: brhmaas, etc. (i.e., human
yaas/fame, r/wealth, and aivarya/lordship.
society, ~~17.23). ~} -katriya-vi
f. pl. m: : : (the three j} bhaj 1.U. (pr. j ~+, impv. . j, pr.
classes of people, disposition-wise or duty/ pt. j},
pp. l 2.81:) + divide, apportion;
birth-wise) brhmaas, katriyas, and vaiyas. dispense, offer, bless (give back);
e obtain (for oneself), partake of, attain;
br 2.U. (pr. + 2 nd
sg. 5.19.8: &
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 j} bhajat GITA DICTIONARY (UpasanaYoga.org)

+}seek, pursue, worship; ;e (Arjuna) prominent (abha bull) among the

(respectfully) receive. ~
pravi- +m + descendants of Bharata. ~+ -reha m.
distinctly divide. ~
vi- + divide. @ +: (Arjuna) best amongthe
j} bhajat (bhaj-[a]-at) pr. pt. (of j} +} descendants of Bharata. ~ -sattama m.
seek) seeking. @ !-: (Arjuna) best among the
descendants of Bharata.
; bhart (bhar-t) m. (fr. ; +m+ nurture)
+; nourisher. ; bhart (bhar-t) m. (fr. ; m+ support)
bhaya (bhay-a) n. (fr. + fear 2.71:) m@ + the sustainer.
() fear; - danger. ~! -a-bhaya n. bhava (bhav-a) impv. 2 sg. (of }
nd

du. -: !--: ;;+: what is be 2.71:) (you) (please) be.

dangerous and what is not dangerous (regarding
the seen and the unseen). ~! -vaha a.
} ! " what brings fear.
bhaynaka (bhay-na-ka) a. (fr.
+ fear 2.71:) w frightening.
bharata (bhar-a-ta) m. (fr. ; m+
support) the name of Indias first emperor; the
country of India (originally the Indus-Saraswati
civilization evolved to the present, including, at
various stages, current-day Bengal, Pakistan, and
part of Afghanistan); (pl.) descendents of
Bharata, all native Indian people.
-abha m. (~`~ 2.8: & 2.3:) } &:
bhava (bhav-a) m. (fr. } be, $+
become 2.71:) $ birth, becoming,
manifestation; ! origin, beginning;
existing, being (esp. in cmpd. ~). ~!
-apyaya m. du. : $: !: :
manifestation and dissolution.
} bhavat (bhav-[a]-at) pr. pt. (of }
be 2.71:) being. } bhavat prn. (lit. the one
present) (for declension purposes bha-vat 3.13.b: [per
Paninian grammar, said to be from shine], for
conjugation purposes in singular it accepts a 3rd person
~& plural verb 7.6.A.1:) } (honorific) you sir, your
honor.

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 (UpasanaYoga.org) GITA DICTIONARY bhva
bhavana (bhav-ana) n. (fr. } be causal sense) usually only in cmpd. ~ (6.24:) j
2.71:) being, existence; ; home, abode. " who worships; seeks.
; bhavit (bhav-i-t) a. (fr. $+ bhrata (bhr-a-t[a]-a) m. (fr. ; m+
become 2.71:) @ one that comes to be (see support) (generally Arjuna, with just one reference to
a-bhavit) (alternatively this can be taken as a peri. fut. Dhta-rra, ~~1.24) +}
5.34: 3rd sg. will become, will be born in the descendant of Indias first emperor Bharata who
interpolation of in ~~2.20). was the unifier of the country Bharata (India);
bhaviya (bhav-i-y[a]-a) a. (fr. fut. of (bh-ra[m]-ta fr. e shine + } }
} be, fut. stem here treated like a derivative, cf. revel, - @ + " lit. the
5.39: & 2.101:) which will exist. bhaviya one who revels in the light [which is brahma-
n. ! the future. vidy]) (as a unique fitting epithet to Arjuna)
the brilliant (son of India).
} bhaviyat (bhav-i-y[a]-at) fut. pt. (of
} be 2.101:) what will be. bhva (bhv-a) m. (fr. } be, $+
become 2.71:) becoming, being; a being
} bhasman (bhas-man) n. (fr. } e
or thing, ! existence (is-ness),
shine m+
consume) ash(es). state or condition; thought, attitude,
bhasma (6.29:) in cmpd. ~. ~}
-st in. with
contemplation, inquiry, commitment, vision
!}, }, or meaning -@ )+
(ones knowledge being as clear as vision); in
reduce to ashes.
cmpd. ~ -* the nature of. ~@p
bh 2.P. e shine. ~ pra- shine. -sauddhi f. e: -+ !-}
bhga (bhg-a) m. (fr. j} + divide absence of deceit in the mind (when transacting
2.82:) !@ portion, share; %-+ a place, a with others), clean intentions/motivations.
position. ~ -samanvita a. : -
j} bhj a. (fr. cs. j} +} be, without a +: + @l: endowed with vision
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 bhvana GITA DICTIONARY (UpasanaYoga.org)

(resolution in reality; wherever the mind goes, it + illumine, light up.

remains in contemplation of this reality, } bhs f. (fr. } e shine)
~~10.8). effulgence, ray, flame.
bhvana (bhv-ana) a. (fr. cs. $N- } bhsvat (bhs-vat) a. (fr. } e
m+ cause to be, m+ reflect upon 2.71:) shine) } shining.
$ producing; thinking of. } bhik 1.. } collect alms (primarily
bhvana m. m the cause. bhvana n.
food).
(or f. ~) m contemplation, inquiry,
!-+ commitment (to knowing } bhid 7.U. (pp. N 6.6:) m+ separate,
oneself). break down/apart.

} bhvayat (bhv-ay[a]-at) pr. pt. (of cs. N bhinna (bhin-na) pp. (of } m+ divide
6.6:) N divided.
m+ support) m@ } supporting, etc. (see cs.
). bh 3.P. (pp. ) + () fear.
bhvita (bhv-i-ta) pp. (of cs. m+ bh (bh) f. (fr. + fear 6.24:) fear.
support) supported, etc. (see cs. ). Bhta (bh-ta) pp. (of + fear)
} bh 1.. (pr. +, impf. !, pot. +) frightened. ~ -bhta a. ! very
l@ speak (aloud), proclaim. ~ pra- frightened.
speak, etc. bhma (bh-ma) a. (fr. + fear) -+
bh (bh-[a]-) f. (fr. } l@ frightening. bhma m. name of the second
speak) } speech, language (including classical son of Pu and a powerful warrior with a
Saskta, as opposed to chndasa/Vedic club. ~! -abhirakita a. +
Saskta); m description. !: protected by Bhma. ~!j -
} bhs 1.. (cs. pr. +) e shine; cs. arjuna-sama a. !j : :

174
 (UpasanaYoga.org) GITA DICTIONARY bh
equal to Bhma and Arjuna. ~}
-karman a. 2.81:, inf. +l} 6.10: &
6.5:, in. pt.
m whose deeds are frightening; 2.81:) . !+ (+j+) consume, experience,
m. an epithet for Bhma (whose deeds were eat, enjoy; P. + protect, rule.
frightening, as he did everything in a huge and j bhuja (bhuj-a) m. (fr. j} e+ bend)
powerful manner). hand, trunk of an elephant.
bhma (bh--ma) m. (fr. + fear) bhujna (bhuj-na) pr. mid. pt. (of j}
(w frightening) paternal grand-uncle of the +j+ consume 6.5:) consuming, experiencing.
Pavas, and commander-in-chief of the
Kaurava army on Dur-yodhanas side (because of
bhuvana (bhuv -ana) n. (fr. } be)
being, existence; ; home, abode.
an old vow to protect the throne, and unfortunately
whomever sat on it, not anticipating that a-dharma bh 1.P. (rarely .) (pr. ~+ 5.3: & 2.3: &
could occupy the throne). ~!-abhirakita 2.71: du. :, impf. !}, impv. , pot. +},

a. +m !: protected by Bhma. - ~+m perf. 5.27.4:, Root-Aorist 2nd sg. !: [ :],

} -droa-pramukhatas in. : fut. , peri. fut. , cs. pr. , cs.
+m: +: : in front of Bhma and impv. 2nd pl. 3rd pl. ~, pr. pt. }, pr. pt.
Droa. cs. },} fut. pt. }, pp. , pp. cs.
, in. pt. ~) } be, continue to be;
bhuktv (bhuk-tv) in. pt. (of j} +j+ 6.6: $+ arise, become, happen, be born. Cs. $N-
consume 2.81:) having consumed.
m+ cause to be; m+ support; m+ reflect
j} bhuj 6.P. (pr. j) e+ bend, curve. upon, contemplate; + honor. !~ abhi-
j} bhuj 7.U. (pr. sg. l w+ 2.81: inserted }~ be against, be victorious, overwhelm.
weak form } assimilated to guttural nasal, pr. pl. ~ pra- arise, manifest; +m~ be very much
~+, impv. . } 2.81: & 2.101:, pot. . 1 (in a certain way), be in an exalted way, be set.
st

sg. , fut. + ~+ 2.81: & 2.101:, pr. mid. pt. }~ sam- be, etc., }~ be specially born
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 bh GITA DICTIONARY (UpasanaYoga.org)

(~~4.6); cs. cause to be, etc. of all beings. ~"j -ijya (~+~) a. } "j
bh (bh) f. ( loc. sg. 3.36:) (fr. } j who worship the spirits (including
be 6.24:) + world, ; earth. minor deities, ~~9.25). ~# -a (~+~) m.
bhta (bh-ta) pp. (of } be) having } #: the Lord of (all) beings. ~m
-gaa m. pl. @ : groups of beings;
been, become, past; in cmpd. ~ being, as.
-;: hosts of (harmful) spirits
bhta m.n. j living being, creature;
object, thing, matter; + departed spirit; n. pl.
(~~17.4). ~ -grma m. @ :
group of beings; m- the elements (i.e.,
!-- the five basic elements. They
are: space (avakaVdimension), air
the organs of the body, ~~17.6). ~;
-pthag-bhva m. @ ;: ;} (the
(calanaVmovement), fire (tpa-prakaVheat and
light), water (dravatVliquidity), and earth
apparent) separateness of beings. ~;+
-prakti-moka m. @ ;: !--m
(ghanatVsolidity) (in more modern terms: space and
energy/matter) sensed in the universe by humans with
!-l : -;+: +m} freedom
from prakti (the cause) of beings (i.e., freedom
their five senses: hearing, feeling, seeing, tasting, and
smelling. These are the so-called five gross elements.
from ignorance regarding reality). ~;
-bhart
Their matching five subtle elements, by the same
a. who sustains the beings. ~
-bhvana a. m. who produces all
names, are considered their bases, their underlying causes.
The subtle elements are what make up the mind, the
beings. ~+p -bhvodbhava-kara a.
senses, the subtle basis for the physical universe, and the
@ : -: $p: -+p: @
subtle worlds consisting of the heavens and the bodies of
+ " what causes the arising of existence
(embodiment) for beings. ~;} -bht a.
its occupants. All these subtle worlds are as ethereal as,
but not less real than, our thoughts and dreamsexcept
who sustains the beings. ~+
-mohevara m. -@ } #: the
that they are publicly available to their inhabitants,
not subjective. ~! -di m. @ m} cause
limitless Lord of all beings. ~+w -viea-
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 (UpasanaYoga.org) GITA DICTIONARY +l} bhoktum
sagha m. pl. @ +m@ w:
hosts of Lord Varua, also counted among the seven
different types of beings. ~
-sarga m. @ maharis (called Praj-patis, because they in turn
m@ : ;: manifestation of beings gave birth to the rest of mankindtherefore
(human beings, ~~16.6). ~
-stha a. everyone is descended, including non-Indians,
exist in the beings. from is).
bhti (bh-ti) f. (fr. } be) ;} bht a. (fr. ; m+ support) only in cmpd. ~
expansion, prosperity; %+ dominion. (6.24.2:) " what supports, who holds,
bhtv (bh-tv) in. pt. (of } be, who sustains.
$+ become) having been, being; -@ + bheda (bhed-a) m. (fr. } m+ separate)
! having come into being. ;m
breaking, spitting, separating, sowing
bhmi (bh- mi) f. (fr. } be) ; dissension, leading astray; w interruption,
earth. disturbance, dissension; change,
modification; + distinction, type, species.
bhya (bh-ya) n. (fr. } be, $+ ~} -tas in. (6.19:) ++ according to
become) usually in cmpd. ~ becoming,
difference(s).
being.
} bhyas (bh-yas) cpv. a. (fr. } be +bher (bhe-r[a]-) f. (of + fear) ;}-
kettle drum.
6.25:) more, greater, further. } bhyas
in. } again, moreover; !+ even more, e bhaikya (bhaik-[a]-ya) n. (fr. }
further, exceedingly. collect alms) alms, food (bath,
}
shelter, clothing, etc.) collected from others;
; bh 3.P. (pr. 5.3: & 5.8.2:) m+ support, -m a life of alms, N a life of
sustain; +m+ nurture.
renunciation for the dedicated pursuit of
; bhgu (bhg-u) m. (fr. j} e shine 2.82:) self-knowledge.
-+ )m-: a seer/sage who is the son of
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 +l} bhoktum GITA DICTIONARY (UpasanaYoga.org)

+l} bhoktum (bhok-tum) inf. (of j} +j+ +j bhojana (bhoj-ana) n. (fr. j} +j+
consume 6.10: & 2.81:) to consume, to consume) ! eating, ! consuming,
experience, to eat. experiencing; ! food.
+;l bhokt (bhok-t) a. or m. @} bhra 1.U. (pp. 6.6: & 2.85: & 2.104:)
(fr. j} +j+
consume 2.81:) +@ + the one who !:-+ fall. ~ vi- fall.
consumes, consumer, recipient, experiencer. ~ @ bhraa (bhra-a) m. (fr. @} !:-+
-tva n. $; consumership, being the fall 2.104:) !:- falling; ! failure, loss.
consumer.
} bhram 1.P. & 4.P. (pr. 1. 4.
++ bhokyase (bhok-ya-se) fut. 2nd sg. (of 5.16.1:, pr. pt. cs.}, pp. 6.6: & 2.55:) m+
j} !+ consume, experience 2.81: & 2.101:) roam or wander about, + rotate, spin;
(you) will enjoy. !+
go astray, deviate, err, waver, doubt;
+ bhoga (bhog-a) m. (fr. j} +j+ consume ps. be unsteady, be confused, be mistaken. ~
2.82:) ! experiencing, consuming, vi- roam, etc.
consumption; object of consumption, bhraa (bhra[]-a) pp. (of @} fall 6.6: &
experience. ~"} -in (~}) a. +-l 2.85:) !:- fallen.
consuming, consumer, experiencer. ~%+ ; bhrt (bhr-t) m. %-;-j brother
-aivarya-gati (~e~ 2.10:) f. +: %+@
(born of the same father); /} often designates an
+e+ +: : : attainment of power and
intimate friend, or used as a term of familiar address,
of objects of consumption. ~%+l meaning good friend.
-aivarya-prasakta (~e~ 2.10:) a. ++ %++
l: attached to consumption and power, } bhrmayat (bhrm-ay[a]-at) pr. pt. (of cs.
attached to objects of consumption and to } m+ go) m@ } causing to move,
power. causing to wander or roam around, causing to
spin around.
178
 (UpasanaYoga.org) GITA DICTIONARY } mad
bhr f. brow, eyebrow. matv (ma[n]-tv) in. pt. (of } }
@+ masyante (ma-sya-[a]nte) fut. 3 rd
pl. think 6.9: & 6.6:) thinking, knowing.
(of } } 2.93:) (they) will think. } math 1.P. ++ stir, +m+ agitate,
@} mah 1.. ;pe increase, be big. disturb. ~ pra- stir, etc.

makara (ma-kar-a) m. (fr. > @} kill, } mad 4. P. (also } 1..) + be overjoyed;

@ ;m one that kills people) j-
j-+ a kind of (large) creature of the water
(poss. a crocodile, shark, or whale).
++ be in a pitiable condition.
} mad (ma-d) prn. 1 st
person sg. abl. from me 4.2:;
prn. 1 person sg. in cmpd. ~ 4.2:, for sg. !} I, me.
st

m mai (mai) m. jewel or precious stone. ~! -anugraha m. !: : the

~m -gaa m. m@ : collection of gems. blessing for me (Arjuna, ~~11.1). ~!}
~ -pupaka m. m: m the ~!+ -artham -arthe in. (6.32:) +j for
name of Saha-devas conch (decorated with the sake of (attaining) Me (Paramevara [the
various jewels, pupa here likely used in one of its Lord], ~~12.10); for my sake (Dur-yodhanas
subordinate meanings as topaz, instead of its sake, ~~1.9). ~!m -arpaa n. @ m}
common meaning of flower). (whatever you do, do as) an offering to Me
mata (ma[n]-ta) pp. (of } } think (Paramevara, ~~9.27). ~! -raya a.
6.6:) !+
is thought, is regarded, is
!} % +: !: for whom I
considered.
mata n. ! opinion,
(Paramevara) am the foundation. ~;}-
karma-kt (}~ 2.24:) a. (6.24.2:) @
contention, point of view; ; clear vision,
teaching.
} + " who acts for the sake of
(i.e., in order to know/attain) Me (the Lord,
mati (ma[n]-ti) f. (fr. } } think) ~~11.55). ~ -karma-parama (}~
understanding, thought, intellectual vision; 2.24:) a. @ @ for whom
" intention, desire. action dedicated to Me (the Lord, ~~12.10) is
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} mad GITA DICTIONARY (UpasanaYoga.org)

paramount (i.e., those few or many actions that beings, ~~11.55) as the paramount (highest
you direct toward gaining/understanding the achievement). ~m -paryaa (}~ 2.24:)
Lordappreciate them as the most important in a. !} % $ : for whom the
your life). ~ -gata (}~ 2.24: & 2.43:) a. ultimate end is Me (the Lord, ~~9.34). ~
(++) : absorbed in Me (the Lord). -prasda (}~ 2.24:) m. # : My
~m -gata-pra (}~ 2.24: & 2.43:) a. (the Lords, ~~18.56) grace (which is returned to
(++) : : m: whose pras only you as your own karma-phala, the Lord is
(powers of sensing and action) are resolved in ultimately never seen as being partial or operating outside
Me (the Lord, ~~10.9); -j whose His own laws, therefore there is no special grace that is
living is resolved in Me (the Lord, ~~10.9) not in fact deserved by the supplicant).~l -bhakta
(not separated into the compartments: spiritual (}~ 2.24: & 2.43:) m. (+) l:
and secular, which distinction was unknown in l} My (the Lords) devotee, one who is
the great days of India). ~ -citta (}~ 2.24: devoted to Me. ~l -bhakti (}~ 2.24: &
& 2.45:) a. @ whose mind is centered 2.43:) f. (++) l: j} devotion to
on Me (Vsu-deva, the Lord, ~~6.14). ~} Me (the Lord, ~~18.54, cf. ~~7.1617).
-tas (}~ 2.4: & 2.24:) in. (ablative sense 6.19:) } ~ -bhva (}~ 2.24: & 2.43:) m.
than Me (Paramevara, the Lord, ~~7.7), (+) : My (the Lords) nature (called
from Me (the Lord, ~~10.5), because of Me moka); - whose mind is resolved in
(the Lord, ~~10.7). ~ -para (}~ 2.24:) a. Me (~~10.6). ~j} -yjin (}~ 2.24: &
!@ (-) : having Me (Vsu- 2.43:) a. (+) j-: who is
deva, the essential I of all beings, ~~2.61, disposed to perform ritual to Me (the Lord,
6.14) as the ultimate or end. ~ -parama ~~9.25), disposed to the worship of Me. ~+
(}~ 2.24:) a. !@ (-) : : -yoga (}~ 2.24: & 2.43:) m. (+) +:
having Me (Vsu-deva, the essential I of all My (the Lords, ~~12.11) yoga (described in the

180
 (UpasanaYoga.org) GITA DICTIONARY } manas
previous verse as dedication of actions to the Lord and objectivity).
as paramount). ~} -manas (}~ 2.24: & madhu (madh-u) a. sweet, delightful,
2.44:) a. (-++) : whose mind is dear; n. honey; m. - e: the name
on Me (the Lord, ~~9.34). ~ -maya (}~ of a demon (the personification of the
2.24: & 2.44:) a. }Y-* as Me (the Lord, troublesome ego, the most dear) (also, along
~~4.10), #+-} whose vision is that he with his companion, Kaiabha, they are the
or she is not different from Me the Lord. personification of rga-dvea [binding desire
~ -vyapraya (}~ 2.24: & 2.43:) a. !@ for and against a result]). ~
-sdana m. @
-+: #: : m@ whose N} ! (Lord Ka) destroyer
basis is Me (the Lord, ~~18.56). ~@ of the demon(s) Madhu (and Kaiabha).
-sastha (}~ 2.24:) a. (6.24.1:) (-
) !: centered on Me (Vsu-
madhya (madh-ya) a. ! middle,
between. madhya n. - middle
deva, the essential I of all beings, ~~6.15).
place or condition, center, (the) between
~ -stha (}~ 2.24:) a. (6.24.1:) (-
(w/gen.). ~% -e (~+ loc.) in. !+ between,
) !: centered on Me (Vsu-
deva, the essential I of all beings, ~~9.4).
among, in the middle. ~
-stha a. (6.24.1:) :
)p+: $+: e who wishes good for both
mada (mad-a) m. (fr. } -++: be disputants, a mediator (lit. who stands in
overjoyed, be in a pitiable condition [e+]) !+ between).
exhilaration, intoxication (figuratively or literally);
arrogance, pride (due to ones education,
} man 4.. (pr. + 1 st
sg. +, pot. +, fut.
@+ 2.93:, pp. 6.6:, pot. ps. pt. , in. pt.
wealth, family connections, etc., born out of not
6.9: & 6.6:) } think, + know.
understanding the factors responsible for what
one has, thinking I am responsible for these, } manas man-as n. (fr. } } think)
instead of the appropriate attitude of gratitude + !+ that by which one thinks, (the entire)
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} manin GITA DICTIONARY (UpasanaYoga.org)

faculty of thinking (inclusive of buddhi), i.e., the (of tattva), m learned, discerning. }
!:-m the internal faculty (of thinking); manin m. p} ): a wise person.
w--!-!:-m-; the aspect manu (man -u) m. (fr. } } think)
of the mind when it proposes [tenders sense - son of the sun deity, the first man (in
information or desires] or vacillates [tenders each age of Manu [called manvantaras]) and first
doubts], the emotional and the information king in the solar dynasty and the seventh
gathering mind (as opposed to the buddhi/ (named Vaivasvata) and current of the fourteen
intellect). ~! - (inst.) in. p in the mind, Manus (~~4.1); any of the fourteen Manus (a
mentally. ~ -gata (~+~ 2.24: & 2.33:) a. different four of whom in any one manvantara are said
: entered into the mind, that occurs in the to the progenitors of the humans within that period,
mind. ~ -prasda (~:~ 2.24:) m. : probably one for each of the four varas), each
mental clarity. ~m+ presiding over 1/14th (308 million human years)
-prendriya-kriy (~:~ 2.24:) f. pl. : of a day-time of Lord Brahm.
m: "m +@ : +: the activities manuya (man-u[a]-ya) m. (fr. }
of the mind, the physiological functions, and the
think) human being, person.
}
organs (of action and knowledge). ~ -ratha
~+ -loka m. m@ m@ +: the
(~+~ 2.24: & 2.33:) m. (lit. vehicle of the mind)
world of humans (who alone are qualified to
" fancy, desire, requirement, anticipation,
generate karmic merit and demerit, ~~15.2).
expectation; used as an adj. - pleasing to
the mind, pleasing object (~~16.13). ~ mantavya (man-tavya) pot. ps. pt. (of }
-aha (~:~ 2.24:) a. pl. : @ +} with the } think) to be considered.
mind as the sixth. manda (mand-a) a. (fr. }V} -++:
} manin (man--[]-in) a. (fr. } be overjoyed, be in a pitiable condition [e+])
} think + #} + rule) } knower dull, retarded; !-+} lacking
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 (UpasanaYoga.org)
discernment (or in denial of tma-jna as
moka, ~~3.29).
manyu (man-yu) m. (fr. } } think)
+ grief, distress; + arousal, anger.
GITA DICTIONARY mah
martya (mar-t[a]-ya) a. (fr. ; m-+ die)
m- mortal. martya m. m- a
mortal. ~+ -loka m. @ +: the world of
mortals (this world).

mantra (man-tra) m. (fr. } } } mal 1.. ;e cling.

think) e@ l} Vedic metrical or prose
statement (used in rituals, and distinguished
from the brhmaa [the ensuing prose
commentary]). ~
-hna a. + : m:
l: without mantra (or defective in their
accent or utterance).
mama (mama) prn. sg. gen. (of !}) my, mine.
maya (may-a) suff. ~ in the sense of +
modification of, completely made of, -*+
of the nature of; + predominance of,
excess of; : !+ preceeding therefrom.
m maraa (mar-aa) n. (fr. ; m-+ die
2.92:) ; death; dying.
mala (mal-a) n.m. (fr. } ;e cling) w dirt,
+m
dust; (metaphorically like dust) what
impedes clear vision or knowledge; karmic
demerit, impurity.
} mah 1.P. & 10.U. j} honor.
} mahat (mah-at) a. (3.12.a:) (f. ~ 3.9:) (fr.
} j} honor, or @} ;pe be big) ;} great
(in any quality); ! limitless; normally always in
cmpd. ~ as
mah. The form } mahat is
found outside of cmpd. often as a m. or n. substantive,
meaning - a great thing, in ~$~1.1.1013 it
is the entire manifest (subtle) universe, also
called Hiraya-garbha.

marci (marci) m. a prominent deity mah (mah-) a. (fr. } j} honor, or

among the maruts; name of one of the ten @} ;pe
be big) great, limitless, in cmpd. ~.
Praj-patis. ~!
-anubhva a. } !: :
)} marut (mar-ut) m. (fr. ; m-+ die) highly honored. ~!
-aana a. } !@
wind, storm, deity of wind; pl. deities of storm.
who devours much, glutton. ~!}
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 mahi GITA DICTIONARY (UpasanaYoga.org)

-tman a. !-- whose mind is not small --} m

(~~9.13), great-minded, -} a wise (the five) great/pervasive elements (great
person, -+: } " } : because they completely pervade all their modifications
(~~7.19) the one who knows everything is [the entire universe], and therefore are also said to be
the conscious being (deva) in which everything subtlemeaning the inmost material basis/cause of all
exists he or she is a mahtman; m. (Lord Ka) gross/tangible elements and their aggregate gross objects,
# the Lord; -* magnificent form and are the material of the unseen, but known or
(~~11.12). ~" -ivsa a. (~+~) } inferred, world including the mind). ~++
": whose bow is great, a great or expert -yogevara m. +: +: +} +: the
archer. ~# -vara m. (~+~) } !e #: limitless Lord of the pursuits of the yogins. ~
who is limitless and is the Lord, the limitless -ratha a. } : having a great/famous
Lord. ~& -i (~) m. } !e &: chariot, great warrior. ~w-akha m. }
who is great and is a sage, a great sage (10 or 7 of w: huge conch.
whom, born from the Manus, are also called Praj- mahi (mah-i) a. (fr. } j} honor, or
patis, since their father is Lord Brahm, Himself called @} ;pe be big) } great. ~} -man
Praj-pati/Hiraya-garbha, and because they in turn (mah-i-man) m. greatness, might, glory.
gave birth to the rest of mankind [praj]). ~& mah (mah-[a]-) f. (fr. } j} honor, or
-
pw -i-siddha-sagha (~) m. pl.
@} ;pe be big) ; earth. ~;+ -kte in.
m@ p@ w: the hosts of great sages : ;+ !+ for the sake of the earth (i.e., for
and divine sages. ~} -ppman a. } @
the sake of a rjya [a kingdom] on earth,
+ who accumulates a lot of karmic demerit.
~ -bhu a. e mighty armed
~~1.35). ~} -kit m. (6.24.2:) @
one (not just strong but skilled also); m. epithet
" ruler of the earth, king. ~
-pati m.
: : lord of the earth, king.
for Arjuna. ~ -bhta n. pl.
m 2.P. & 3. . (pp. 6.6:, pot. ps. pt. +
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 (UpasanaYoga.org) GITA DICTIONARY mna
6.8:) +
measure; + form, fashion. ~ mtra n. in cmpd. ~ measure, etc.; a. in
pari- measure, etc. ~
pra- measure, etc.; - cmpd. ~ (in this use, considered a secondary suffix in
+ prove, establish, make known, fashion a Paninian grammar) ~! consisting only of,
correct notion. + as much or many as, + mere(ly) (in
m (m) neg. pcl. not, used with an unaugmented these senses often employed as an indeclinable ~}
aorist or imperfect as a prohibitive imperative 6.20:, also ~
~+m). -spara m. pl. m} "m@
used elliptically without a verb, meaning } may : : @+: contacts of the sense
(it) not be (cf. ~~11.49); m sma organs (with their objects); : "m
(prohibitive) not. : : the sense organs and the sense
objects; : -*- : :
mtula (mtul-a) m. (fr. } + masc. suffix : the sense objects (sound, form/color,
! 1.5.d:) : ; mothers brother, (maternal)
and smellgained over a mtra/distance, and
uncle.
touch and tastegained by spara/contact with
; mt (m-t) f. (fr. + measure, the respective sense organ).
!} the one who forms the child) j
mother; j (feminine/material) cause
mdhava (mdhav-a) m. (fr. sweet,
honey, soma) or m-dhav-a ( : :
(~~9.17).
:) (Lord Ka) the Lord of Wealth (Lord
mtr (m-tr[a]-) f. (fr. + measure) M the Goddess of
Viu, whose wife is
measure (of time or space); (in grammar) Knowledge/Wealth, Mother = Lakm);
the time it takes to pronounce a short vowel mdhava (mdhav-a) pl. : another name
1.19:; !@ particle; pl. !: + " those by for Kas clan, and hence also in sg. for Ka
which you measure (the world of objects), i.e., himself.
the "m the senses; + " what are
measured, i.e., the the sense objects.
mna (mn-a) m.n. (fr. } } think)
(j) respect; ! demanding respect,
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 mnava GITA DICTIONARY (UpasanaYoga.org)

an exaggerated self-opinion. ~! not confuse the knowers of the trick: the

-apamna m.n. du. : !: respect magician or the wise person); #-l the
and disrespect. Lords (projecting) power, # $: the
mnava (mn-av-a) m. (fr. } } manifestation of the Lord (as the universe).
think) descendant of Manu (the first ) mruta (mr-ut-a) m. (fr. ; m-+ die)
man), human being, person. (lit. belonging to the maruts, storm deities)
mnasa (mn-as-a) a. (fr. } } wind.
think) : connected with the mind, mrga (mrg-a) a. (fr. ;} !+m+ seek,
mental. mnasa n. } the mind. forage) ; : belonging to wild animals.
mnua (mn-u-a or mn-ua) a. (f. #) mrga n. } path (orig. the track of the
(fr. } } think) } human. wild animals), road, way, means. ~ -ra m.
mnua m. human being. @ @ ;-: ! ! -: the lunar
month where the full-moon enters the fifth
mmaka (mma-ka) a. (4.15:) (f. ~!) lunar house called mga-ra (also the end of
mine, my (as an adjective, its gender is in agreement
the suns southern solstice where the sun
with what it modifies, not the gender of whomever me
enters makara [Capricorn], a period spanning
is).
part of November and December, a month
my (m-y) f. } disguise, (mere) astrologically conducive to religious activities).
appearance (opposed to tattvaVas-it-is),
" My is what does not (independently)
mrdava (mrd-av-a) n. (fr. ;} ++
exist (yet appears to separately exist because of
pound, grind to a fine powder) ; gentleness,
!-e absence of harshness.
our ignorance, like the ignorance of a magicians
trick makes the audience falsely believe that mlya (ml[a]-ya) n. string of flowers
something was created from nothing, yet does or jewels, garland, necklace.

186
 (UpasanaYoga.org) GITA DICTIONARY mukha
msa (m-sa) m. (fr. + measure) : (e.g., mithy vyavasya false resolve,
the moon; @: : the time consisting ~~18.59). ~! -cra a. !:
of thirty days (one lunar month, 1/12th of a whose conduct is useless (adjectival sense).
lunar yearthe lunar month is the primary mira (mi-ra) a. (poss. fr. } ++ mix)
division in India, although solar and astrological @l mixed, combined, manifold, diverse,
months also were calculated). "-@l: -m:
a mixture (of the
mhtmya (mh--t-m[an]-ya) n. ( desirable and undesirable, i.e., the human
fr. } j} honor, or @} ;pe be big, !} condition, ~~18.12).
fr. !} -+ go continuously, wander, } mi 6.P. (pr. pt. }) $}-+ open ($}~)
within Upaniad tradition, where precise meaning or shut (~) the eyes, blink; } rival,
sometimes overrides phonetics, it is said to be fr. !} contend. $}~
ud- ($}~ 2.24: & 2.44:) open the
+ pervade ) : glory, greatness. eyes. ~
ni- close the eyes.
mitra (mi[d]-tra) m. (poss. fr. } ++ be m 9.P. @} destroy. !~ - destroy.
attached) +} a buddy, friend. ~! -a-
ri-paka m. du. !+: e the side of
l mukta (muk-ta) pp. (of } +m+ release
2.80:) !-p not bound, free from (with inst., abl.,
a friend and the side of an enemy (in a dispute).
or in cmpd. ~) (normally not used in the sense of free
~+-droha m. m@ +: -w: betrayal
to, liberal, lax); ;-- free (from
of friends.
bondage that is karmic merit and demerit, etc.,
mithy (mith-y) in. (later form of Vedic which necessitate rebirth); in cmpd. ~

in. falsely, fr. } + pair, combine, without. ~w
-saga a. --w-j
hence confuse one for another) ; in vain, freed from attachment (to the results of action).
uselessly; falsely, not in reality, apparently; often
employed, esp. in cmpd. ~, with an adjectival sense
muktv (muk-tv) in. pt. (of } +m+
release 2.80:) giving up, renouncing.
(6.1:) !- apparent, unreal, !- false
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 mukha GITA DICTIONARY (UpasanaYoga.org)

mukha (mukha) n. (a. in cmpd. ~) ! who desires moka (complete freedom) (since
mouth (also figuratively), face; +- entrance everyone basically only desires complete freedom from
or exit; ! beginning; the predominant limitation, whether they know this clearly or not, then
thing, head; word(s) (..4.32), + this term is usually limited to those who do clearly know
scripture. this, because only for them can the correct means be
mukhya (mukh[a]-ya) a. + !+ : } discovered to solve the problem).
foremost, primary; +: best, chief, main. } muh 4.P. (pr. , cs. pr. + 5.40:, pp.
} muc 6.U. (pr. ~+ 5.17.1:, fut. + ~+ 2.107:, pp. cs. + 6.6:) e+ be confused,
5.33: & 2.80: & 2.101: [. of !Ys can +-e be deluded; cs. make confused. ~ vi-
take passive sense 5.36.a:], ps. pr. +, pp. l 2.80:, be confused, etc. }~ sam- be confused, etc.
in. pt. 2.80: ~) +m+ release, set free; ps. } muhus (muh-us) in. m} every
be released, etc. }~ nis- (`~ 2.24: & 2.29:) moment, continually. Often repeated } }
release, etc. ~ pra- release, etc. ~ vi- release, muhus muhus (muhur muhus 2.24: & 2.29:)
etc. }~ vinis- (~`~ 2.24: & 2.29:) release, e:-+ again and again.
etc. mha (m-ha) pp. (of } e+ be
} mud 1.. (P. for meter) (fut. 1 ++) + confused 2.107:) confused, deluded. ~
st

rejoice, enjoy. -grha m. !-+- deluded

muni (muni) m. - one who is (non-discerning) understanding. ~+ -yoni f.
contemplative, sage, N} a renunciate (one pl. @ @ +: the wombs of (i.e., births
of the two general lifestyles discussed in the into) those (creatures, i.e., non-humans) who
Bhagavad Gt). have no discriminative faculty (buddhi).

mumuku (mu-muk-[a]-u) a. (fr. des. of mrti (mr-ti) f. (fr. }V} } be

} +m+ release 5.41: & 2.80: & 2.101:) ++} fixed 1.5.d:) + body; solidity; !
188
 (UpasanaYoga.org) GITA DICTIONARY +) meru
form. ;-@: : % : " : } the
} mrdhan (mr-dhan) m. (fr. }V} ocean (i.e., like an ocean that is difficult to cross
} be fixed 1.5.d:) head, top of the over) that is sasra (a life of becoming) filled
head. with death.

} ml 1.P. } be fixed. ;} m 6.P. (in. pt. ~;) + touch, m+

ponder, consider (lay hold of mentally). ~ vi-
mla (ml-a) n. (fr. }V} }
be
touch, etc.
fixed 1.5.d:) )- root (of a plant); ! origin,
beginning. ;} m 4.U. } allow, pardon, forebear.
; m 6.. (ps. pr. + with an active sense 5.37.3:, + me encl. prn. sg. dat. gen. (of !} 4.2:) for or to
pp. ;) m-+ die. (unto) me, my.
; mga (mg-a) m. (fr. ;} !+m+
seek, +} medh 1.U. (pot. ps. pt. +) ++ offer,
forage) -j forest creature, wild animal. worship; +-@+ mental sacrifice; w+ unite.
~" -indra (~+~) m. ;@ j king of beasts, +} medhas (medh-as) n. (fr. +} ++ orig. fr.
@: : a lion (always) or tiger (in areas } w+ unite) ritual. +} medhas
where there are no lions). (medh-as ) in cmpd. ~ + () intelligence.
; mta (m-ta) pp. (of ; m-+ die) dead, + medh (medh-[a]-) f. (fr. +} w+ unite)
has died. p intelligence, knowledge; m-l the
; mtyu (m-t-yu) m. (fr. ; m-+ die capacity to retain (what is learned). ~} -vin a.
6.26.a:) Lord Death; m death. ~@- + !--m l: who has
} -sasra-vartman n. ;-l: @: knowledge (of him/her self, ~~18.10), wise.
;-@: } : the path of sasra +) meru m. -+ name of a great, peaked
(a life of becoming) filled with death. ~@- mountain, a mythical mountain of gold and
-sasra-sgara m. ;-l: @: gems in the center between all the earths
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e maitra GITA DICTIONARY (UpasanaYoga.org)

continents and around which revolve the planets + mogha (mogh-a) a. (fr. } e+ be
(i.e., in the north, under the pole star, it is indicated to be confused cf. 2.108:) useless, vain,
in the northern Himlaya mountains and from which waste. ~! -a a. ; !: whose
the river Gag flows, so it is from the perspective of hopes are in vain (i.e., he/she remains unhappy).
India to its south that this planetary imagery works). ~} -karman a. + % m
e maitra (mai[d]-tra) a. (poss. fr. } ++ be whose actions are fruitless (i.e., his/her
attached) - having the disposition of a activities did not prepare the mind for
friend, friendly. knowledge that frees one from the notion of
bondage, as all other actions only change the
+} mok (also considered to be a desiderative of } shape of the bondage). ~ -jna a. }
but without reduplication and lacking the desiderative
sense) 1.P. or 10.P. (fut. 1st sg. 10th class
% } whose knowledge is useless (i.e.,
he/she remains immature, and hence cannot
+) !+ (} +) free, set free,
release.
assimilate the knowledge acquired). ~}
-m in.
(7.8.8:) ; in vain, wastefully.
+ moka (mok-a) m. (fr. +} } + + moha (moh-a) m. (fr. } e+ be
free) l complete freedom (from any notion
confused) !-+ delusion (mistaking what is,
of bondage). ~w} -kkin a. +}
for what it is not). ~ -kalila m. !-+-
who wants to be completely free, one who
seeks complete freedom. ~m -paryaa a.
*@ } confusion in the form of delusion.
(2.92:) +: % } !@ : for
~j; -jla-samvta a. +: !-+:
whom complete freedom is the ultimate end.
!-@ } % j} " !m} +
~N+ -sannysa-yoga a. +-N:
;: enveloped by delusion
(non-discernment, ignorance) which is like a net
" +: m@ whose topic is renunciation
(since it covers), covered by the net of delusion.
that gives complete freedom.
+ mohana (moh-ana) a. (fr. } e+ be
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 (UpasanaYoga.org) GITA DICTIONARY yaja
confused) +-
causing delusion, deluding. weakens with samprasraa, in. pt. " 6.9: & 2.3.a:
+mohana n. !-+ delusion (mistaking & 2.81: & 2.88:) +-j-w-m-j-+
what is, for what it is not). worship (of the Lord through daily ritual [pj],
+ mohita (moh-i-ta) pp. (of cs. } e+ be through association with like-minded people
confused 6.6:) is made confused, is deluded. [saga], through daily activities [karaa],
through special occasional rituals [yajana], and
+} mohin (moh-in) a. (f. ~) (fr. } e+ through giving [dna]).
be confused) +- deluding.
e mauna (mauna) n. +: state of being a j} yajat (yaj-[a]-at)
worship) worship.
pr. pt. (of j} j+
; @:
discipline over speech (including
internal speech, therefore discipline over thoughts, j} yajus (yaj-us) n. (fr. j} j+ worship)
~~17.16). ~"}
-in (~}) a. e} ! ! j+ : a mantra of the Yajur Veda (a mix
who has discipline over speech. of metrical verses from g Veda, and of prose);
generally in pl. j+ the whole Yajur Veda (1,984
+ mriyate (mri-ya-te) ps. pr. 3rd sg. (of ;
mantras in the sahita section, i.e., the initial,
m-+ die, with an active sense 5.37.3:) (he/she/
pure mantra section without the brhmaa, the
it/who) dies.
ensuing internal prose commentary).
yaka (yak-a) n. pl. (in myth) +-+:
yaja (yaj-a) m. (fr. j} j+
worship
attendants to Kubera (the deity that is wealth).
2.87:) ritual; j- act of worship, (five
~} -rakas n. pl. m m
such acts are enjoined daily of every brhmaa:
protectors and stealers of wealth.
bhta-yaja towards creatures, manuya-yaja
j} yaj 1.U. (pr. j ~+, fut. . 1 + 2.81:, ps.
st
towards society, pit-yaja towards elders and
pr. "j+ 5.37.6: & 2.3.a:, pr. pt. j}, pp. " 6.6: & ancestors, deva-yaja towards the Lord as
2.3.a: & 2.81: & 2.88:, pot. ps. pt. 2.81: & 2.88: or deities, and brahma-yaja towards the Veda, i.e.,
"j 6.8: irregularly, instead of strengthening, the root teaching or reciting Veda); ! a name for the
191
} yat GITA DICTIONARY (UpasanaYoga.org)

deity that is fire; # the Lord (+ e m:, partakes of a-mta (lit. immortal) which is the
e@ 1.7.4); (the yaja itself and all aspects offering left after a yaja, who partakes of the
of the yaja are) }/!} (~~4.24 and offering (made) immortal after yaja.
4.25). ~! -artha m. abl. (~!}) ~} -iin a. +-}
# !} for the sake of yaja (or the Lord } !} !-;} !@ @ } in
in the form of creatures, society, etc., ~~3.9). whom is the habit to eat the food (called
~ -kapita-kalmaa a. + immortal) that is left only after first offering
: @ whose faults (of the mind to the Lord in the form of a guest, an ancestor,
what blocks one from tattva-jna) have been or a deity.
destroyed by yaja (~~4.30). ~: } yat 1.U. (usually .) (pr. ~+, pr. pt. },
-tapa-kriy f. pl. -: :-: pr. mid. pt. ) $+ make effort, strive.
activities that are ritual and prayerful discipline.
~} -tapas n. pl. : @ rituals and
yata (ya[m]-ta) pp. (of } -m+ exercise
authority 6.6:) -; placed under control (in
disciplines. ~:} -dna-tapa-
terms of self-discipline under control of an informed
karman n. --*@ activity that is a
ritual, a charity, or a prayerful discipline. ~ -
intellect). ~!} -tman a. @+ whose
organs (of action and perception) have been
: -dna-tapa-kriy f. pl. --
mastered (~~5.25), @-- who has
*: : activities that are rituals, charities and
prayerful disciplines. ~ -bhvita m. e:
mastered oneself, disciplined. ~!}
-tmavat a. @- whose mind is
supported (lit. caused to be) through disciplined (~~12.11). ~"+p
yaja. ~} -vid a. (6.24:) -p} who have
-indriya-mano-buddhi (~+~) a. @
the attitude of worship. ~;j} "m : p: whose senses, mind,
-imta-bhuj a. (6.24:) @ @ -@
} !-;@ -;@ } l " who
and intellect are mastered. ~-citta a.
@:m@ who has mastered his/her
192
 (UpasanaYoga.org) GITA DICTIONARY } yad
mind. ~} -citttman a. } !:- yatra (ya-tra) in. (6.19:) } in this, here,
m@ ! @ e $e @e + by whom with reference to this, at this time, when.
the mind and body (bhya-tman) are mastered yath (ya-th) in. (6.19:) + m+ in which
(~~4.21, 6.10). ~+
-cittendriya- way, as, like; in cmpd. ~ (6.41:) l}
kriya a. @ "m +m +@ appropriate(ly), respective(ly).

@ whose activity of the mind and yathtath asso. ~$l-ukta (~+~) a. +
senses is mastered. ~+} -cetas a. m+ $l} told in this way. ~$l}
-uktam
@:m@ whose mind is mastered. (~+~) in. as was told. ~}
-bhgam in. l-
~ -vk-kya-mnasa a. } + in respective position(s). ~}
-vat in. -
: @ @ whose @ according to usage, accordingly.
speech, body, and mind are mastered.
} yad (ya-d) rel. prn. (m. :, n. }, f. 4.11:)
} yatat (yat-[a]-at) pr. pt. (of } $+ make which, what, who. } yad in. as a conjunction,
effort) trying; the one who makes effort. meaning that or which, introducing a direct assertion,
yatamna (yat-a-mna) pr. mid. pt. (of usually w/o a following ", after verbs of saying,
} $+ make effort) trying, exerting. thinking, etc.; (corr. }}) in order that,
} yatas (ya- tas) in. (6.19: Ablative) } from because, if, when (esp. with pot. to express a
or than this, from whom or what or which, condition) (the second half of the correlative pair may be
because, when. } } } }
left off, to be understood within the context). ~&
yatas yatastatas tatas from -cch f. (lit. whatever befalls) e
whicheverfrom that, wheneverthen. happenstance (not by chance, but rather in the
grand, unfathomable scheme of interlacing
yati (yat-i) m. (fr. } $+ make effort) karman). ~& -cch-lbha-
- one who makes (proper) effort;
santua a. !--$: : ;-:
N} a renunciate.
+ : -!@-: who is satisfied (i.e.,
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 yad GITA DICTIONARY (UpasanaYoga.org)

there is the accepting thought that this is merry-go-round).

enough) with whatever happens (unasked). } yam 1.P. (pr. 5.15.6:, pr. pt. } irreg.
~ -prabhva (~) a. + : $- in not taking here the root substitute }, pp. 6.6:,
;: l: having which glories (powers in. pt. ~ 6.9:) -m+ exercise authority
brought about by the ketra-jas apparent (intellect over mind and senses), rule, command;
association with the ketra, ~~13.3). } } + tame, -m+ moderate, $+ check,
yad yad } whatever, whomever. } restrain, stop, + hold; + give, offer (hold
yadvat in. (6.19:) like, in which way (corr. forth) (also considered in Paninian grammar in the
}}). } yad v whether. sense of give as being from a 1st class version of the root
~} -vikrin a. : : ! having with amazingly the same root substitute } as the
which or what modification(s). ~p
-rad-dha root }. However, notice that } does not take } in
(~ 2.45:) a. p j : p: the pr. pt. This suggests that } give may possibly
whatever is ones raddh (entire value structure have been a defective root used in tenses
and attitude towards life). and moods only, and historically became ascribed as
yad (ya-d) in. (6.19:) } + at which coming from }, giving it the special sense of give,
time, when, correlative with . yad because it naturally follows the mold of } }, and
yad whenever. because it already had a not unrelated sense of hold
yadi (yad-i) in. + if; + suppose. (forth) in the same sense that the root means to
! yadi api () even though. hold as well as to give, and/or ascribed as coming
from , because give is that roots primary meaning.
yantra (yan-tra) n. (fr. } + restrain Thus the verb he/she/it gives will be said to
2.55:) @ a binding, a means of support;
come from a 1st class version of by Paninian
$m apparatus, machine. ~!* -rha a.
grammarians, and from } by Western grammarians).
} !*: !: (as if, ~~18.61)
mounted on a machine (e.g., a ferris wheel, or a
!~ - + extend, stretch. $}~ ud- $+
194
 (UpasanaYoga.org) GITA DICTIONARY } yvat
hold up, raise; $++ prepare. ~
ni- exercise j} yjin (yj-in) a. (fr. j} j+ worship)
authority, restrain; !+ bring back. ~
pra- j- who are disposed to rituals.
exercise authority, etc. ~ vini- exercise yta (y-ta) pp. (of e go) gone,
N~
authority, restrain. sanni- (2.55:) exercise past, elapsed. ~ -yma a. : : :
authority, restrain; !+ brin*g back. }~ whose time or occasion has elapsed.
sam- (@~) exercise authority, restrain.
ytr (y-t-) f. (fr. e go)
yama (yam-a) m. (fr. } $+ restrain) departure, journey, procession; m
Lord death, the presiding deity that is time, the maintenance.
deity that is destruction.
ydava (ydav-a) a. - (Lord Ka)
} yaas (ya-as) n. - : fame descendant of King Yadu, a member of this
(due to ones dharma). Vedic clan.
yaavya (ya-avya) pot. ps. pt. (of j} } ydas (yd-as) n. pl. j-j creatures of
j+ worship 2.81: & 2.88:) to be worshipped, the waters (as well as the presiding deities that
--*-} % } to be done simply are the waters, such as Goddess Gag, etc.).
as (arising from the nature of) worship
(~~17.11).
;} yd (y-d) a. (4.17.1:) (6.24:) "
} ! having the appearance of which or
} yas 4.P. + make effort. what, of which or what description, of what
} yasmt (ya-smt) prn. abl. sg. from which. kind or sort.
} yasmt in. : because. yma (yma) m. (fr. m+ proceed or
y y 2.P. (pr. , fut. , pp. ) e occur, or fr. } $+ restrain) night watch,
go; m+ attain. $~ upa- go, etc., $+ a length of time of about 3 hours (4 muhrtas of
come. ~ pra- !+~ go forth, depart, die. 48 minutes each, a muhrta is 1/30 of a day, th

}~ sam- (@~) go, etc. like a lunar month is 1/30 of a year); time,
th

195
 } yvat GITA DICTIONARY
occasion, season; @+ restraint.
} yvat (y-vat) prn. a. (4.18:) m (in Me, the Lord, ~~7.30).
having which (or such an) extent; (correlative
with }) as much as; as long as; as far
as }yvat in. (6.16:) + in extent,
totally; } to the limit (both of these meanings
may sometimes be expressed as till, so, or as
long as, i.e., continue such-and-such an action until, or
so that, some other action or event is possible).
yu 2.P. + bind, m+ mix; !-m+
separate.
l yukta (yuk-ta) pp. (of j} + unite the
mind 2.81:) well composed, absorbed
(often said of the mind), contemplative;
regulated, moderated; ! committed to;
!l yoked with, N endowed with,
prepared, +-l has committed to or attained
(karma- or jna-)yoga, a +}, -N
endowed with (knowledge). ~!}
-tman a.
-: } whose mind is absorbed (in
Me, the Lord, ~~7.18). ~!
-hra-vihra a. !N@ m@ e le
-me whose food and activity are
regulated or moderated (~~6.1617).
(UpasanaYoga.org)
-cetas a. - whose mind is absorbed
~+ -cea a.
+ whose bodily movement is
moderated (i.e., without meaningless, wasted
bodily movement). ~
-tama spv. a. (6.25:)
!+ l the most exalted of yogins
(~~6.47, 12.2). ~+
-svapnvabodha a. le : !+: e
-e whose sleeping and waking
(hours) are moderated.
yuktv (yuk-tv) in. pt. (of j} +
unite the mind 2.81:) @ ; having
composed (the mind), being prepared.
yuga (yug-a) n. (fr. j} w+ unite 2.82:)
pair, couple, twins; -+-Y--*+
-++ } m@ ;} !} the name for
large periods of time, ages (each lasting many
thousands of years, see pralaya) called satya (or
kta), tret, dv-para, and kali (cycling through
each like a pendulum: satya then tret, etc., then,
after kali, returns dv-para until satya, then back
again. The present kali age, variously calculated
to have started around the end of the Mah-
~+} bhrata period, is by one astronomical
196
 (UpasanaYoga.org) GITA DICTIONARY yudhi-hira
calculation to have started on the 13 of th
(@~) unite, etc. ~ sam- unite, etc.
February 3102 bc). + +
yuge yuge in. } yujat (yuj-at) pr. pt. (of j} w+ unite,
@ in each age, in various ages. ~}
-pad in. or + unite the mind 5.3:) connecting, taking
(6.24:) } " + " (lit. happening as a to, uniting (oneself to), meditating; preparing.
couple) together; %Y+ at the same time,
simultaneously. ~ -sahasrnta a.
p yuddha (yud-dha) pp. (of } + fight
2.76: & 2.78:) fought. p yuddha n. w war,
-m !: lasting (four) battle, fight, conflict. ~ -virada a. p+
thousands of yugas (i.e., one night-time of Lord
: m: expert in warfare.
Brahm, ~~8.17, see pralaya).
j} yuj 7.U. (pr. l w+ 2.81: inserted weak form }yudh 4.U. (usually .) (pr. . +, impv. P.
. , fut. ++ 2.76: 1 sg. ++, fut.
st
} assimilated to guttural nasal, pot. P. } . mid. pt. + 6.5: & 2.76: & 2.42:, pp. p 2.76: &
, fut. + ~+ 2.81: & 2.101:, ps. pr. j+, ps. 2.78:, pot. ps. pt. +p 6.8: & 2.76: & 2.78:, inf. +p}
impv. j, cs. pr. +j, pr. pt. }, pp. l
2.81:, pp. cs. +j, pot. ps. pt. +l 6.8: & 2.81:, in.
2.76: & 2.78:) + fight. ~prati- fight.
pt. 2.81:) w+ unite, yoke, connect, join, } yudh (yudh) f. (fr. } + fight 6.24:) p
take to; + unite the mind (with the object battle, war.
of meditation), meditate, contemplate yudh-manyu (yudh-man-yu) m. (}
(~~6.10); + be employed, make effort, fr. } + fight, arousal) ( +:
prepare; ps. N+ prepare (oneself) for (w/dat.), aroused by battle [ inst. 6.32:]) name of a
commit to (w/dat.), be endowed with (w/inst.); chieftain on the Pava side.
cs. unite, etc., +m+ impel. !~abhi- unite, etc. yudhi-hira (yudh-i-hi-ra) m. (} fr.
~ ni- + bind; +m+ impel, order, compel. } + fight, fr. -;e
~ pra- unite, etc.; cs. +m+ impel. ~
vi- remain) (2.101: between members of a cmpd.) (
~ (le) be free, unyoke. }~
sam- : firm in battle [ loc. 6.32:]) the eldest
197
 yuyutsu GITA DICTIONARY
of the five sons of Pu and known for his
commitment to dharma.
yuyutsu (yu-yut-s[a]-u) a. (fr. des. of }
fight 5.41: & 2.76: & 2.42:) p}
+ "}
desiring to fight, desiring to do battle.
yuyudhna (yu-yudh-na) m. (fr. perf.
mid. pt. } + fight, the one who has
fought 6.5:) the name of the son of Satyaka,
otherwise known by the name Styaki.
+l yoktavya (yok-tavya) pot. ps. pt. (of j}
+ be employed 6.8: & 2.81:) @ ; should
be undertaken, to be pursued.
+ yoga (yog-a) m. (fr. j} w+ unite,
+ contemplate, + make effort 2.82:)
@+ (l, ) union, association, connection
(~~9.5,10.7), attainment; $ method,
means, agency (the means for producing an
effectinvolving doership), +j preparation
and application, +@ } doing an object of meditation, and not as the author and
ones duty as a means (for a non-conflicted
mind and, eventually, clear knowledge), a
life of discipline; -+--+- dedicated
pursuit of either karma-yoga or jna-yoga;
(UpasanaYoga.org)
+} one who follows a lifestyle of karma-yoga
(~~5.5); :-@+-+ disassociation from
association with sorrow (as Lord Kas
definition, ~~6.23); -+: meditation
(as a discipline), (either prayerful or
contemplative) meditation, contemplation,
vision of identity (in reality with the total,
with the Lord), -e steadiness of clear
knowledge; l power (esp. as acquired
through discipline); exertion; !-
m} acquiring what one does not have, or
what one wants to acquire (in the cmpd. +-+);
! chapter title, m topic (that
unitesVsagamayati certain verses together so as
to complete a chapter) (a meaning employed in the
statements added after each of the chapters in the
Bhagavad Gt by a later editor); +- the
name of a later school of philosophy (mostly the
Skhya school of philosophy with an varaVLord as
manifestation of the universe), also the system of
exercise, breathing, and meditation practices
(propounded and alluded to in the Yoga Sutras,
popularly connected to the Skhya school of
198
 (UpasanaYoga.org) GITA DICTIONARY + yoga
philosophy). The Skhya philosophy is not directly m@ +: }Ym@ }-$}
both
related to the yoga in the Bhagavad Gt, and the acquiring and protecting; property (what one
practices form only a small adjunct (~~4.29) to the wants to acquire and protect). ~m
yoga in the Bhagavad Gt, which is instead based on -dhra f. ++ m} holding by yoga. ~
the Veda in the light of the Upaniads (the conclusion -bala n. + } (mental) strength by yoga.
of the Veda that is quoted and paraphrased profusely), ~
-bhraa a. +} !:-: fallen from
and consists of a change in attitude (buddhi) derived (did not succeed, in this life, in) yoga. ~
-
from a thorough appreciation of the Lord as everything ;
-my-samvta a. +: m@ l:
including oneselfnot just practicing postures, breathing @ : % +- !:
exercises, or meditation techniques. ~!* -rha concealed by my which is the union (of the
a. +@ p: who has attained (success in) karma- three guas, c.f. guamay my, ~~7.13 and
yoga. ~"} -in (~}}) a. $-} 14). ~ -yaja a. m--m:
dedicated to agency for change (effecting +: for whom yoga (the practice of
changes [physical and mental discipline] controlling the breath and mind, etc.) is the
sufficient to progress to knowledge), +- worship (yaja [offering to the Lord],
} following a dedicated life of yoga ~~4.28). ~l -yukta a. -++ l: (with
(karma-yoga or jna-yoga); - whose a mind) prepared through karma-yoga
mind is united (in the Lord, in brahman), (~~5.6), committed to (a life of) karma-yoga
contemplative. ~"} ~
-in m. (~}}) (f. 3.9:) (~~8.27). ~l}
-yukttman a. ++
one who follows a dedicated life of agency for @ !:-m@ whose mind is
change, one who follows a dedicated life of completely composed through (absorbed in)
yoga; a -+} or a N}. ~# -vara jna-yoga (~~6.29). ~-vittama spv. a.
(~+~) m. +: +: +} #: the Lord of the !+ +} the best knower of yoga.
pursuits of the yogins. ~+ -kema n. +: !- ~ -stra n. ++ } instruction on

199
+ yotsyamna GITA DICTIONARY
yoga. ~@p -sasiddha a. ++ @;:
prepared by (karma-)yoga; ++ } success in
yoga. ~@p -sasiddhi f. ++ } success
in yoga. ~ -sajita a. +} "
!: called yoga. ~N}
-sannyasta-karman a. -++ N
m who has renounced action through
yoga (jna-yoga). ~+ -sev f. +
following yoga. ~ -stha a. (6.24.1:) ++
steadfast in yoga.
+ yotsyamna (yot-sya-mna) fut. mid.
pt. (of } + fight 6.5: & 2.76: & 2.42:) will be
fighting, about to be fighting.
+p yoddhavya (yod-dhavya) pot. ps. pt. (of
} + fight 6.8: & 2.76: & 2.78:) to be
fought.
+p} yoddhum (yod-dhum) inf. (of } +
fight 2.76: & 2.78:) to fight. +p yoddhu-
kma a. (6.10:) +p@ : who has a desire
to fight.
+ yodha (yodh-a) m. (fr. } + fight) p-
warrior, fighter. ~ -mukhya a. +@
: +: prominent among warriors. ~
(UpasanaYoga.org)
-vra m. +@
: leader among warriors.
+ yoni (yo-ni) f. (fr. m+ mix or hold
together) m source, cause; womb.
e yauvana (yauv-an-a) n. (fr. m+ mix
or hold together 2.67: & 2.3:) : :
youth and middle age (the procreative years,
after kaumra and before jar).
} rak 1.U. (impv. 3 pl. , pp. 6.6:)
rd
+ protect. !~ abhi- protect.
} rakas (rak-as) n. (fr. } + protect)
+ } !}
from whom the ritual
offering is protected, pl. (in mythology) nocturnal
demons (who disturb rituals).
j} rajas (ra[]j-as) n. (fr. } + be colored
or red, be impassioned) (originally the region of
clouds between heaven and earth) j+-m the
second of three constituent principles
comprising the world (see gua), as a mental
disposition it is agitation; +m pollen, dust,
impurity, (metaphorically like dust) what
impedes clear vision or knowledge. ~mp
-gua-samudbhava (~j+~ 2.24: & 2.33:) a. j:
} m: j+-m: p: whose origin
200
 (UpasanaYoga.org) GITA DICTIONARY rasana
is the rajas-gua (said of kma and krodha). -upastha (~+~) m. (6.24.1:) $: seat (or
} raj 4.U. (also 1.U.) (pr. j ~+ rajyate the lower seat) of the chariot, the drivers seat.
5.16.2:, ps. pr. j+ + be
rajyate 5.37.5:) } rabh 1.. (orig. = } m+ take hold of
impassioned, redden (or be colored), ++ be 1.5.d:) (pr. +, ps. pr. +) ++ undertake
attracted, crave, + desire. !~ anu- be (an activity). !~ - undertake. ~ pr-
impassioned, etc. undertake.
m} ra (or =} 2.92:) 1.P. + sound, resound. } ram 1.. (P. only when transitive, taking an
m raa (ra-a) m. (fr. m} [or } 2.92:] + object) (pr. +, pot. P. +}, pp. 6.6:) ;e
resound, m + ! in which there are stop, rest, abide; } revel, sport, @ N+
clamors) p combat, battle. ~ become pleased, attain (discover) joy; } be
-samudyama m. m : outset of the dedicated, be devoted. !~abhi- revel, etc.
battle. $~ upa- ;e stop, rest, abide. ~
ni- revel,
etc.
rata (ra[m]-ta) pp. (of } } play, revel
6.6:) m revel; !l happily engaged, ravi (rav-i) m. (fr. ) + sound, roar)
dedicated. sun.

rati (ra[m]-ti) f. (fr. } } revel) } ras 10.U. (pot. ps. pt. ) !+ taste; ++
attraction; m pleasure; devotion. feel affection.

ratha (ra-tha) m. (poss. fr. & e move, or fr. rasa (ras-a) m. (fr. } !+ taste ++
} } sport) -+ a kind of vehicle, feel affection) taste (in all the senses of that
esp. horse-drawn chariot. ~$ -uttama word), charm; attraction; essence.
(~+~) m. (the adjectival cmpd. treated as a masc. noun, ~! -tmaka a. : ! (6.39:)
7.5.4:) : $: (word-order reversed in cmpd. consisting of essence (sap, ~~15.13). ~j}
6.34:) best-chariot, best of chariots. ~$ -varjam in. @ + @ j leaving out
201
 rasana GITA DICTIONARY (UpasanaYoga.org)

or excluding attraction (towards objects). criminal (untrusting and rajasic); demonic,

rasana (ras-ana) n. (fr. } !+ taste j rajasic, predominantly of rajas-gua.
++ feel affection) taste, tasting; - rga (r[]g-a) m. (fr. } + be
+ the sense of taste. impassioned 2.82:) + attraction, craving,
rasya (ras-ya) pot. ps. pt. (of } !+ - binding desire (for a result),
taste) ++ tasty. anticipation, requirement, expectation,

} rah 1.P. (pp. 6.6:) + abandon. ~ vi- anticipating, requiring. ~! -tmaka a.

abandon.
: ! whose nature is attraction (that is
rajana [coloring] the natural purity/clarity of
} rahas (rah-as) n. (fr. } + abandon) the mind, adding virtues to things which they
jseclusion; + secret; as-it-is dont have, and dimming the minds ability to
(rather than how-it-appears). discern things as-they-are). ~"} -in (~}) a.
rahasya (rah-as-ya) a. (fr. } + : ! ! who has attraction (towards
abandon) secret. rahasya n. secret things). ~+ -dvea m. du. : +:
place or thing; $} the teaching of the most attraction and repulsion, like(s) and dislike(s),
secret of secrets (namely, that the known, but binding desire (for or against a result).
misunderstood, I is already the perfection that ~+l -dvea-viyukta a. : +:
I am seeking). +e @ l: free from (being
rahita (rah-i-ta) pp. (of } + abandon overpowered by) attraction and repulsion, free
6.6:) j without (with inst. or in cmpd. ~). from (the hold of) attraction and repulsion.
r 2.P. + give. j} rj 1.U. e shine; + rule.
rkasa (rk-as-a) a. (f. #) (fr. } + j} rjan (rj-an) m. (fr. j} + rule) ;
protect) (lit. of a } [creature from whom king, prince; a member of the governing
you have to protect yourself]) -} or military class. j
rja at end of a ) cmpd.
202
 (UpasanaYoga.org) GITA DICTIONARY rra
~, or at beginning of any cmpd. ~. ~& -i rtri (r-tr[a]-i) f. (fr. + give, @
(~j 2.8: & 2.3:) m. j : &: one who @ what gives joy or fear) night; -
is both a king and a sage; pl. j: &: + the deity that is night (~~8.25). ~!
kings and sages, j: &: those -gama (~~) m. : !: the coming of
who are both kings and sages. ~ -guhya n. the night, m: -: the time to go to
@ j the king of secrets. ~ -vidy f. sleep for Lord Brahm (~~8.18).
@ j the king of all knowledge (all rdhana (rdh-ana) n. (fr. } @pe
sciences). ~j+ -vidy-rja- accomplish, propitiate, or satisfy) means
guhya-yoga a. j--j+ " +: for accomplishing; (also f. ~
) ! (j)
m@ whose topic is the king of all propitiation, worship.
knowledge and the king of all secrets.
rma (rm-a) m. (fr. } } revel)
j rjasa (r[]j-as-a) a. (f. #) (fr. } + be -: --j+-: -: -: the
impassioned 2.82:) j: j+-m-} three Rmas are: Parau-rma (the axe-wielding
who are of or predominantly from rajas-gua, Rma, a brhmaa/warrior who vowed to
j+-m- who are predominantly of the exterminate all katriyas), Rma (the famous
rajas mental disposition, aggressive. hero of the Rmyaa epic, the avatra of Lord
j rjya (rj-[an]-ya) n. (fr. j} + rule) Viu who personified dharma, and a great
%+ dominion, rulership; kingdom. archer who as a teenager defeated Parau-rma),
~+ -su-kha-lobha m. j and Bala-rma (the powerful, elder brother of
+: greed for the pleasure of a kingdom, greed Lord Ka, his weapon was the blade of a
for kingdom and (its) pleasures. plow).
rtra (r-tra) n. (fr. + give, @ @ ri (r-i) m. () heap, mass,
what gives joy or fear) night. Often quantity of.
substituted for as final in cmpd. ~ (6.34:).
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 rra GITA DICTIONARY (UpasanaYoga.org)

rra (r-ra) n. (fr. j} + rule 2.81: & up. !~ - $+ rise, ascend; pe attain,
2.88:) j- nation of people, kingdom. accomplish. ~ suvi- ps. -;+ be well
} ric 7.P. (ps. pr. +) :m+ leave. !~ entrenched.
ati- }~
ps. be left behind, be worse than * rka (rka) a. -+ a kind of taste:
(w/acc., abl.). astringent (kaya).
ripu (rip-u) m. enemy. * rpa (rp-a) n. ! form; - essential
)p ruddhv (rud-dhv) in. pt. (of )} !m+ nature.
cover, m+ impede 2.76: & 2.78:) obstructing. +} roman (ro-man) (=+} 1.5.d:) m. (said to be
) rudra (rud-ra) m. (fr. )} !- ++ let out fr. ) -+m+: go or injure + sound, but just
a tear, weep, wail) Lord iva, the deity that as likely fr. )} + grow) -) body hair
is destruction; pl. the eleven sons of Rudra. (excluding the long hairs of the head, beard, or
~! -ditya m. pl. ): !: the an animals mane or tail). +
roma (6.29:) in
rudras and the dityas. cmpd. ~. ~ -hara m. + bristling of the
body hair, goose bumps; +m: : " thrill
)} rudh 7.U. (pp. )p 2.76: & 2.78:, in. pt. )p (with rapture or horror). ~m-haraa a.
2.76: & 2.78: ~)) !m+ cover; m+ impede,
check, restrain. ~ni- cover, etc. ~ vi-
+- causing the body hair to bristle, giving
goose bumps; +m: m: " thrilling (with
@ m+ oppose, conflict with.
rapture or horror).
) rudhira (rudh-ira) n. (fr. )} !m+
} lag 1.P. (pp. ) w+ stick. ~ vi- stick, etc.
cover, m+ impede) l blood. ~
-pradigdha a. )+m : drenched laghu (la[]gh-u) a. (fr. w} + pass
with blood. over) !-) light weight. ~!} -in (~~)
a. - who has the habit to eat light (i.e.,
)} ruh 1.P. (pp. * 2.107:) j-j sprout, does not habitually eat him/herself into
take root; + be manifest, grow, thrive, rise
204
 (UpasanaYoga.org) GITA DICTIONARY lupta
sleepiness). relief; insignificance.
w} lagh 1.P. + (+) pass over, lbha (lbh-a) m. (fr. } e obtain)
transgress (also cs.). gain. ~! -a-lbha m. du. : !-
} lap 1.P. (pr. pt. }) l@ talk (out : gain and loss.
loud); + lament, bewail. ~ pra- talk, etc. w liga (lig-a) n. (fr. w} -m+ mark,
labdha (lab-dha) pp. (of } e obtain paint) mark, sign, indication,
2.76: & 2.78:) obtained, gained. (distinguishing) attribute or characteristic.
labdhv (lab-dhv) in. pt. (of } e } lip 6.U. (pr. ~+ 5.17.1:, ps. pr. +)
obtain 2.76: & 2.78:) obtaining, attaining. $++anoint, -m sully, stick to, taint,

} labh 1.. (sometimes P.) (pr. + 1st +, infect, affect. $~ upa- anoint, etc.
impv. , pot. P. +}, ps. pr. +, pp. } lih 2.U. (intens. 2 nd
form pr. 2nd sg. ++
2.76: & 2.78:, pot. ps. pt. , in. pt. 2.76: & 5.42: & 5.13.1:) ++ lick (with the tongue); intens.
2.78:) e obtain, attain, have; m+ take, take lick repeatedly.
hold of. $~ upa- obtain, etc.; "-m+ l 4.. (pr. + lyate, ps. pr. + lyate, pp.
perceive, + know. 6.6:) +m+
adhere, cling; -m+ dissolve.
labhya (labh-ya) pot. ps. pt. (of } e ~ pra- dissolve, fall apart, + disappear, be
obtain) to be attained. destroyed. ~
pravi- dissolve, fall apart, +
disappear, be destroyed.
m lavaa (lav-aa) a. (fr. ++ divide, cut
2.92:) -+ a kind of taste: salty. } lup 6.P. (metrically can be .) (pp. ) ++
break, take away, deprive, destroy.
} las 1.P. + play.
lghava (l[]gh-av-a) n. (fr. w} + +lupta (lup-ta) pp. (of } ++ break) -
N: broken, lost, deprived. ~m+-
pass over 2.71:) ! lightness (esp. of mind),
-piodaka-kriya a. m $
205
 lubdha GITA DICTIONARY
p
who has been
deprived of the (post-death) ritual (the special
offering) of (cooked) rice-balls (pias) and (the
daily offering) of water (with prayers to the
ancestors).
lubdha (lub-dha) pp. (of } + covet ~+
2.76: & 2.78:) -+ -;m: having a desire
towards others wealth, greedy; e -
unwilling to part with ones own
wealth to a worthy charity, miserly.
} lubh 4.P. (also 6.P.) (pp. 2.76: & 2.78:)
+ covet; ++ be bewildered.
+} lok 1.. (cs. pr. + ~+, pr. pt. of cs.
+}) + see, view, experience; cs. !++
experience. !~ ava- cs. experience.
+ loka (lok-a) m. (fr. +} !++
experience) (!++ " what is experienced)
(any) field of experience, esp. this world, (any)
world of experience; (++ !+ " that by
which one experiences) this life, this
embodiment, person, (sg. or pl.) people, the
populace, all embodiments. ~;}
-kaya-
kt a. (6.24.2:) +@ @ + " who vaktra (vak-tra) n. (fr. } m+ speak
(UpasanaYoga.org)
destroys people (or the worlds). ~-traya n.
sg. (4.30:) +@ @ the three worlds: bhr,
bhuvas, and svar [earth, intermediate region, and
heaven]; or sthla, skma, and kraa [the
tangible, the intangible, and the unmanifest].
-mahevara m. +} : #:
the limitless Lord of all worlds. ~w
-sagraha m. + } rallying the people
(to the path of dharma) (i.e., as a leader, settting
an example for the people), + $-;-
m} preventing the peoples pursuit of the
wrong path.
+ lobha (lobh-a) m. (fr. } + be greedy,
++ be bewildered) - the desire to
obtain (dits) anothers possessions, greed.
~$+} -upahata-cetas (~+~) a. ++
$@ +: whose mind is overwhelmed by
greed.
+ loa (lo-a) m.n. (fr. )j} w+ break 1.5.d: &
2.81:) ;m a lump of clay or dirt.
l} vaktum (vak-tum) inf. (of } m+
speak 2.80:) to say.
206
 (UpasanaYoga.org) GITA DICTIONARY m vara
2.80:) mouth, face. vadana (vad-ana) n. (fr. } l@
} vac 2.P. (perf. $ 5.10.3:, fut. 3 rd
sg. speak) talking; mouth (that by which
. 1st sg. + 2.80: & 2.101:, ps. pr. $+ 5.37.6: & one talks).
2.3.a:, pr. ps. pt. $ 6.5: & 5.37.6:, pp. $l 6.6: & } vadh 1.P. (pot. ps. pt. ) m+ kill, destroy.
2.3.a: & 2.80:, past act. pt. $l} 6.7:, pot. ps. pt. } vapus (vap-us) n. (fr. } j-+
6.8:, in. pt. $ 2.80:, inf. l} 2.80:) scatter seed) beautiful form,
m+ speak. ~ pra- speak; +m~ tell body.
thoroughly, teach.
} vayam (vay-am) prn. pl. nom. (of !}) we.
vacana (vac-ana) n. (fr. } m+ vara (var-a) a. (fr. ; -+ choose) +
speak) m speech, words.
best, most exalted. vara m. " wish,
} vacas (vac-as) n. (fr. } m+ speak) request, boon.
m speech, words. )m varua (var-ua) m. (fr. ; !+
j vajra (vaj -ra) m.n. (prob. fr. j} e+ be firm, cover) !+@ j Lord Varua, king of the
cf. !+j}) } lightning (bolt), esp. as the water-deities; !+ the deity that is water,
weapon of Lord Indra (the weapon is said to be Lord of water.
fashioned from the bones of the seer/sage
Dadhci).
j varja (varj-a) a. (fr. ;j} + avoid) in cmpd.
~ without, excluding, excepting.
} vat in. 6.19: & 6.20: in cmpd. ~ in the sense of " j varjita (varj-i-ta) pp. (of cs. ;j} +
like. } vat adj. suff. 6.27: in the sense of }
avoid 6.6:) without, free from (with inst. or in
possessing.
cmpd. ~).
} vad 1.P. (pr. , impv. , fut. , pr. m vara (var-a) m. (fr. ; !+ cover
pt. }) l@ speak (out loud), tell. ~
2.92:) j species, tribe, family, m-j
pra- speak, etc.
family based societal group (these functional
207
 vartamna GITA DICTIONARY (UpasanaYoga.org)

groups were the brhmaas [the educators- } vartman (vart-man) n. (fr. ;} e

priests-judges], etc.); * color, appearance remain ;e be engaged) } path; !
(m+ !+ " that by which something is conduct, custom.
described); + kind; in gram. !- a letter vara (var-a) m. (fr. ;} ++ sprinkling)
or syllable, the sound of a letter or syllable. ; rain.
~w -sakara m. m@ w: : confusion
} va 2.P. (pot. ps. pt. 6.8:) e wish,
of the societal groups, m: w: societal
choose; + will, command.
confusion, confusion in society. There was a
certain amount of flexibility in marriages between the vaa (va-a) m. (fr. } e wish)
four social groups. A woman could marry within her authority (intellect over mind and senses),
own, or into the next higher social group. But in the command, power; taming.
Mah-bhrata war there was to be a mass destruction } vain (va-in) a. (fr. } e wish) -
of the katriya men, and many katriya women would who is self-controlled.
subsequently be forced to marry into lower social vaya (va-ya) pot. ps. pt. (of } e
groups, where the traditions of her own family and group wish) m to be subjected; - subject
would be forfeited, and only her new husbands family to will, obedient, disciplined.
vaya n.
and group traditions adopted, hence the honoring of many authority (intellect over mind and senses),
katriya ancestors would come to an end. ~w - command. ~!} -tman a. -m}
-sakara-kraka a. m-w : !: ! : whose mind has gained
causing confusion in the society. mastery.
vartamna (vart-a-mna) pr. mid. pt. (of } vas 1.P. (fut. 2 nd
sg. 5.33: not taking
;}
e remain ;e be engaged 6.5:) irreg. form, pp. $ 6.6: irreg., in. pt. $ 6.9: &
" existing, present; + " performing 2.101:) + stay, abide, dwell; !+ rest or
action. depend on. ~ ni- stay, etc. ~ pari- stay,
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 (UpasanaYoga.org) GITA DICTIONARY vyu
etc.; pp. stood (a night), stale. sometimes " as it were. vv
} vas 2.. !+ cover. eitheror.

} vas 5. P. (Vedic) e shine. vkya (vk-ya) n. (likely fr. pot. ps. pt. of }
m+ speak 2.82:) m speech, words; -
} vas encl. prn. pl. acc. dat. gen. (of !} 4.2:) us, m
for us, our.
-+- speech that aims at discerning the
truth, honest discussion.
vasu (vas-u) m. pl. (fr. } + dwell) +: } vc (vc) f. (fr. } m+ speak 6.24:)
deities (in general); a special group of eight
m speech, words. ~ -maya (~w 2.4:
deities attendant to (dwelling with) Lord Indra:
general sandhi w/sec. suff. & 2.24: & 2.44:) a. -
Apa, Dhruva, Soma, Dhara, An-ila (Vyu), An-ala
(Agni), Pratya (Uas), and Prabhsa.
* in the very form of speech, of speech.
} vah 1.U. (pr. ~+, pp. $ 2.110:) m+ vcya (vc-ya) pot. ps. pt. (of } m+
speak 6.8:) to be told, $+@ } to be
(m+) convey, bring, procure, support. ~ vi-
+ take a bride; +m + array (esp. in taught (~~18.67).
battle formation). mj vijya (vij-ya) m. m business
vahni (vah-ni) m. (fr. } m+ convey) of a merchant, commerce.
(bearer of the ritual hymns and oblations to vda (vd-a) m. (fr. } l@ speak)
the deities) ! fire; !-+ the deity that is m
speech, words; discussion, inquiry.
fire. ~"}-in (~}) a. - one who propounds,
one who knows, one who argues, knowing,
v 2.P. e go, blow; + emit fragrance. arguing.
}~ nis- (`~ 2.24: & 2.29:) blow, etc.; ++~
go away, blow out, be cooled, be alleviated, be vyu (v-yu) m. (fr. -+ blow or
satisfied. emit fragrance) wind, air; - the
element air (i.e., calanaVmovement); -+
v encl. pcl. or (follows the word to which it belongs);
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m+ vreya GITA DICTIONARY (UpasanaYoga.org)

the deity that is air. j+@ e} " -+: (+:,

m+ vreya (vr-e-ya) m. (fr. ;} ++ ) in whom everything exists and who is
sprinkling 2.92:) (Lord Ka) ;m-@+N the in the form of conscious being.
one from the Vi clan (a Ydava). vi in. prefix ;m+
apart, away; e+ the
vsa (vs-a) m. (fr. } + dwell) ! reverse of an action, un; + dividedly;
a stay, dwelling (for some time). } separately; + in order, orderly;
vsava (vs-av-a) a. (fr. } + dwell)
!+ intensively. vi in. in cmpd. with nouns
and non-verbal adjectives ~ (6.36:) it has the senses of
: :
connected to (certain) celestial
deities. vsava m. name for Indra, chief
!~ negation, non, lacking; !+ intensively;
e+ various; !+ differently; e+ the
of the celestial deities.
reverse of, un; + expressing a modification
} vsas (vs-as) n. (fr. } !+ cover) of; !-e+ improperly.
garment, cloth, @ n. pl. (3.6.i:) clothes.
} vikampitum (vi-kamp-i-tum) inf. (of
vsuki (vs-u-ki) m. (fr. } + dwell) } + waver) } to waver.
-j} the name of the poisonous king of
snakes in heaven (used as a rope, with deities on one
m vikara (vi-kar-a) m. an exceptional
brother of Dur-yodhana, in that he had a sense
side and demons on the other, wound around Mt.
of justice, who nevertheless fought on Dur-
Mandara, as a churning rod, to churn the milky ocean
yodhanas side.
for the immortal nectar, yielding many other good and
bad results also. This myth is used as a rich metaphor for } vikarman (vi-kar-man) n. (fr. ; m+
the meditation process). do) p prohibited action.

+ vsu-deva (vs-u-dev-a) m. (fr. } + vikra (vi-kr-a) m. (fr. ; m+ do)

dwell) -+ !} (Ka) son of m modification.
Vasudeva; + ! : +: vikrama (vi-kram-a) m. (fr. } -
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 (UpasanaYoga.org) GITA DICTIONARY j vijita
++
step, walk) m walk, motion; e m vicakaa (vi-cak-aa) a. (fr. }
prowess; might, force. + see) (lit. clear sighted) m learned,
vikrnta (vi-krn-ta) pp. (of } - wise.
++ step 6.6:) } powerful. +} vi-cetas (vi-cet-as) a. (fr. } +
vigata (vi-ga[m]-ta) pp. (of + } understand) ( 6.36:) -+
;m+ m+ go away, depart 6.6:) usually in cmpd. without discernment.
~ gone, absent, without; l free from j} vij 6.. (pr. j+, pot. j+} P. for meter, pp.
(i.e., whatever it is, it is still there, but it does not +
be afraid; + be
6.6: irreg., i.e., 2.81:)
affect me in any way). ~"+ -icch- agitated, tremble, recoil. $}~
ud- be afraid, etc.
bhaya-krodha (~+~) a. " @ +: }~ sam- (@~) be afraid, etc.
+ : } from whom requiring, fear, and j vijaya (vi-jay-a) m. (fr. j + be
anger are gone. ~-kalmaa a. @ @ victorious) j victory.
} free from (conflicts born of) a-dharma. j} vijnat (vi-j-n-at) pr. pt. (of
~j -jvara a. : j: } without
!++ know 5.23.2:) knowing.
anguish. ~ -bh a. : : }
without fear. ~;-spha a. ; ;m j} vijntas (vi-j-n-tas) pr. 3rd du. (of
without yearning, free from yearning. 9.P. !++ know 5.23.2: & 5.3:) (they two)
know.
m vi-gua (vi-gu-a) a. (fr. m} !m+
invite, address) (a 6.36:) m- j vijita (vi-ji-ta) pp. (of j be +
without virtue (i.e., does not create puya, but victorious) -; placed under authority (in
also does not create ppa, ~~3.35). terms of self-discipline under authority of an
informed intellect over mind, senses, and body).
} vic 7.U. (pp. l 2.80:) ; separate, ~!} -tman a. j: ! + who has
sift (grains from chaff, or truth from notions).
self-discipline (over body, etc.). ~"
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} vijtum GITA DICTIONARY (UpasanaYoga.org)

-indriya (~+~) a. j "m who } vid 2.P. (pr. sg. + 5.3: & 2.42: pl. 1 st

has discipline over the senses. :, impv. p 5.6.a:, pot. 3rd sg. } 1st sg.
pl.
} vijtum (vi-j-tum) inf. (of } , perf. w/pres. meaning 5.28: 3rd sg. + pl. :
!++ know) to know. 2nd sg. + 2.42: 1st sg. + 5.28:, redup. perf. pt. }
5.28: & 6.4:, pp. , pot. ps. pt. + or + 6.8:,
vijna (vi-j-ana) m. (fr. !++ in. pt. , inf. +} 6.10:) + know.
know) knowing, knowledge; (when contrasted
with ) +: : the assimilation } vid 6.U. (=}) (pr. ~+ 5.17.1:, ps.
(anu-bhava [the being totally in-keeping-with]) pr. +, pp. 2.42: or N 6.6:) + attain,
of the distinct knowledge of the tattva (i.e., find; ps. has the special meaning of exists, is
aham/I am this limitless paramtman that I want (equivalent to !}).}~nis- (`~ 2.24: & 2.29:)
to be). ~
-sahita a. !-l along with + disregard, be indifferent.
the assimilation (of the knowledge). } vid a. (fr. } + know) only in cmpd. ~
vijya (vi-j-ya) in. pt. (of !++ (6.24:) j " who knows; " who
know 6.9:) ++m knowing (distinctly). meditate upon.

vitata (vi-ta[n]-ta) pp. (of } + } vidhin (vi-dh-in) a. (fr. } -

stretch 6.6:) m extended, elaborated.
vitta (vit-ta) pp. (of } + attain 2.42:)
acquired, known (acquired by the mind).
vitta n. wealth. ~# -a (~+~) m. +
the deity that is wealth.
vittama (vit-tama) spv. a. (6.25:) (fr. }
+ know 2.42:) !+ + " who knows
best.
m+ burn) -j burning, inflaming.
vidita (vid-i-ta) pp. (of } + know)
known. ~!} -tman a. : !
whose self is known.
viditv (vid-i-tv) in. pt. (of } +
know) knowing.
vidy (vid-y[a]-) f. (fr. } + know)
knowledge, science, discipline of knowledge.
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 (UpasanaYoga.org)
~N -vinaya-sampanna a.
: @ @l:
endowed with (tattva-)
knowledge and objectivity.
} vidvas (vid-vas) redup. perf. pt. (of } +
know 5.28: & 6.4:) } a person with
knowledge (of tman).
vidha (vi-dha) a. (fr. m+ hold) in cmpd.
~ 6.24.1: kind, sort, mode, fold.
vidhna (vi-dh-ana) n. (fr. m+
hold + order, rule, injunction.
give)
~$l -ukta (~+~) a. -+ mentioned by
injunction(s), enjoined.
vidhi (vi-dh[]-i) m. (fr. m+ hold +
give) ---m what gives vinaya (vi-nay-a) m. (fr. m+ take,
knowledge of what it to be done and not to be
done, + injunction, -+ scriptural
injunction, ! a positive statement
expressing the intension of the scripture
(opposed to a negative statement called
pratiedha); method, manner, usage.
-dua a. -+ ;: known through
scriptural injunction. ~
-hna a. :
: without (hence possibly opposed to)
GITA DICTIONARY vinigraha
scriptural injunction.
+ vidhyate (vi-dh-ya-te) ps. pr. 3 sg. (of rd
+ fashion, make 5.37.1:) (he/she/it/who)
is formed.
+ vidheya (vi-dhe-ya) pot. ps. pt. (of +
-m+ command, control 6.8:) subject to
will, disciplined. ~!} -tman a. +:
": ! !:-m@ whose mind is
disciplined (at ones commandwhen you want
its attention, you have it).
vinadya (vi-nad-ya) in. pt. (of } !-+l
+ make an indistinct sound) sounding,
roaring.
lead) $ calmness, ! pleasantness; m
reverence; education; m discretion,
objectivity.
} vinayat (vi-na-y[a]-at) pr. pt. (of }
!-+ be lost) @ } being destroyed; what
~; perishes.
vin (vin) in. (6.16: with preceding or following
inst. or acc., and rarely an abl.) j+ without.
vina (vi-n-a) m. (fr. } !-+ be
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 vinigraha GITA DICTIONARY (UpasanaYoga.org)

lost) destruction; !- disappearance. } vip 1.U. (=+}) + tremble; ++ be

vinigraha (vi-ni-grah-a) m. (fr. } stirred, be inspired (in cmpd. with } inspired
$+ take) @ discipline, mastery. and + bestowing inspiration).

viniyata (vi-ni-ya[m]-ta) pp. (of } } vip (vip) Vedic a. (fr. x} ++ be inspired)

-m+ exercise authority 6.6:) $ + inspired, aroused.
restrained, regulated, @ mastered. viparta (vi-pari-i-ta) pp. (of " e go/
viniyamya (vi-ni-yam-ya) in. pt. (of attain) opposite, contrary, otherwise;
} -m+ exercise authority 6.9:) -m@ -)p improper; !- false.
;
exercising authority (in self-discipline an } vipacit (vip-a-cit) a. (fr. x} ++ be
informed intellect over mind and senses). inspired + x} + understand 2.24: & 2.27:,
l vinirmukta (vi-nir-muk-ta) pp. (of } otherwise said to be fr. + + x} + clearly
+m+ free 2.80: ) freed. understand) +-j} whose understanding is
inspired/aroused, ;@ + who sees far,
; vinivtta (vi-ni-vt-ta) pp. (of ;} e + who sees clearly, discerning, wise.
go) departed, gone. ~ -kma a. +:
++ ;: : whose requirements/ N vipratipanna (vi-prati-pan-na) pp. (of
anticipations have completely (without residue) } e move 6.6:) - distracted,
gone. bewildered.

vinicita (vi-ni-ci-ta) pp. (of l vibhakta (vi-bhak-ta) pp. (of j} +

gather 2.24: & 2.27:) determined,
wm+ divide 2.81:) N divided, distinct.
well ascertained, settled (ni-saaya-rpa vibhga (vi-bhga) m. (fr. xj} +
without doubts). divide 2.82:) !@ portion, division; +
vinda (vind-a) (fr. }V} + attain, cf. distinction. ~} -as in. (6.19:) -e:
5.17.1:) a. in cmpd. ~ + " finding, attaining. according to the division (of).
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 (UpasanaYoga.org) GITA DICTIONARY + viyoga
vibhvasu (vi-bh-vas-u) m. ( fr. on account of anothers virtue or prosperity,
e shine, fr. } + dwell) - free from jealousy.
l: : whose wealth is (imbued with) l vimukta (vi-muk-ta) pp. (of } +m+
brilliance, hence ! fire, sun. release 2.80:) !-p not bound, free(d); ;-
vibhu (vi-bhu) a. (fr. } be) } - free from bondage (that is
(all) pervading, locationless. vibhu m. karmic merit and demerit).
(the all-pervading) Lord or I (tman). vimucya (vi-muc-ya) in. pt. (of } +m+
vibhti (vi-bh-ti) f. (fr. } be) release) j giving up.
extent; %+ glory. ~} -mat a. : vimha (vi-m-ha) pp. (of } e+
! ! having glory. ~+ -yoga a. be confused 2.107:) confused, deluded.
" +: m@ whose topic is the glory (of ~!} -tman a. : ! !:-m@
the Lord, ~~10). whose mind is deluded. ~ -bhva m.
vibhrama (vi-bhram-a) m. (fr. } - confusion of mind.
!+ go astray) @ failure, lapse; ++m ; vimya (vi-m-ya) in. pt. (of ;}
: confusion. m+
ponder) !+@ ; pondering,
vibhraa (vi-bhra[]-a) pp. (of @} considering.
!@+ fall 6.6: & 2.85:) !:- fallen. + vimoka (vi-mok-a) m. (fr. +} }
vibhrnta (vi-bhrn-ta) pp. (of } + free) l complete freedom.
!+ go astray 6.6: & 2.55:) @ : + vimohita (vi-moh-i-ta) pp. (of cs. }
variously confused. e+ be confused 6.6:) } !-+-}
vimatsara (vi-mat-sara) a. (fr. } - !N: become variously lacking in discernment.
++: be overjoyed, be in a pitiable condition l viyukta (vi-yuk-ta) pp. (of + j}
[e+] 2.42:) !--+- free of repulsion -w+ disassociate 2.81:) l freed.
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+ viyoga GITA DICTIONARY (UpasanaYoga.org)

+ viyoga (vi-yog-a) m. (fr. + j} separate. ~++ -dea-sevitva a. l:

-w+
disassociate 2.82:) + +: @ +@ } ! (the nature of
separation, disassociation. having) the disposition to repair to a quiet place.
virahita (vi-rah-i-ta) pp. (of } + ~+} -sevin a. !m----}
abandon 6.6:) lacking, without (w/inst.). l} +} +@ } ! who has the
disposition to repair to a quiet place (such as a
vira (vi-r-a) m. (fr. j} e shine cf. forest, a sandy bank of a river, a mountain , a
2.81:) the name of a king of the Matsya and an
cave, etc.).
ally of the Pavas.
vilagna (vi-la[]g-na) pp. (of } w+
vividha (vi-vi-dha) a. (fr. m+ hold
6.24.1:) N having different kinds,
attach 6.6:) stuck.
of various sorts, various, different.
j vivarjita (vi-varj-i-ta) pp. (of cs. ;j} ;p vivddha (vi-vd-dha) pp. (of ;} $+
+ avoid 6.6:) l abandoned, renounced,
increase 2.76: & 2.78:) $p has increased.
excluded; in cmpd. ~ free from, without.
vivardhana (vi-vardh-ana) a. (fr. ;} + viveka (vi-vek-a) m. (of } ;+
separate) !m discernment, + -
$+ increase) increasing.
vivardhana n. ;p increase, growth.
-*m discernment of the inherent nature
of something as-it-is.
} vivasvat (vi-vas-vat) m. (fr. } } vi 6.P. (metrically can be .) (pr. , impf.
cover) -+ a name given to the
!+
!}, cs. pr. + 5.40.2:, cs. impv. + 5.40.2:,
sun as a deity (considered the progenitor of the
pp. 2.85:, pp. cs. + 6.6:, in. pt. ~, in. pt.
solar-clan, which includes Rma [St-rma] in
cs. ~+ 6.9:, inf. +} 6.10: & 2.85:) !+ enter
the lineage).
into; e attain, occur, exist in; cs. !+
l vivikta (vi-vik-ta) pp. (of } ;+ place into, cause to enter into. !~ - enter
separate 2.80:) j solitary; clean; !-@l
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 (UpasanaYoga.org) GITA DICTIONARY viva
into, etc., + pervade; !+ overwhelm; ps. become pure 2.76: & 2.78:) +- without
be absorbed (mentally or physically). $~ upa- defect; pure. ~!}
-tman a. p-
enter into, etc.; !+ sit. ~ ni- enter into, etc.; whose character (mind) is without defect.
cs. @ m+ direct, + fix, place.~pra- + viea (vi-e-a) m. (fr. x} N-m+
enter into, etc. N~ sanni- enter into, etc. distinguish) + distinction; kind, type,
~ sam- enter into, etc.; + pervade. species; l individual.
} vi f. sg. or pl. (fr. } e attain !+ viva (vi-va) prn. a. (fr. } e attain,
enter into 6.24:) -j people, the populace; sg. or !+ enter into) - every, all, entire,
pl. e (see vaia) the merchant or agricultural complete; - all-pervading.
class, or a person in that class (by jti or sva- viva n. j} universe (the entire gross and
bhva [birth or disposition]). subtle universe, including ones own body-mind
virada (vi-r-ada) a. (either fr. complex), world. viva m. pl. -m-+-
vi-la-da giving a broad base 6.24.1: or + a group of 10 deities (Vasu, Satya, Kratu,
vi-rad-a autumnal or mature, fr. } @ Daka, Kla, Kma, Dhti, Kuru, Pur-ravas, and
e speak with confidence, shine 1.5.d:) Mdrava[s]). ~# -vara (~+~) m. #:
m skilled, expert; bold and mature. (Lord Ka) Lord of the universe. ~}
-tas in.
vila (vi-l-a) a. (fr. } @ e (6.19:) : from or on all sides, everywhere.
speak with confidence, shine) m vast, ~+ -to-mukha (viva-tas-mukha) (2.24: &
large. 2.33:) a. : !@ whose face is
everywhere, many faceted, all-pervasive, facing
viia (vi-i-a) pp. (of } N-m+ all directions, in all directions. ~
-mrti a.
distinguish 2.88:) N distinguished; + most
important, best.
@ !: (m. Lord Ka) whose
(corporeal) form is the universe. ~* -rpa a.
p viudha (vi-ud-dha) pp. (of } e+ @ *@ (m. Lord Ka) whose form is the
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 via GITA DICTIONARY (UpasanaYoga.org)

universe. ~*+ -rpa-darana-yoga } vidat (vi-zsd-[a]-at) pr. pt. (of + }

a. @ *@ " -*-@ " +: + be despondent 5.15.3: & 2.101:) + sad,
m@
whose topic is the vision of the despondent.
cosmic form. viabhya (vi-abh-ya) in. pt. (of } ;@
via (vi-a) n. (fr. } ++ sprinkle) m+ make firm 2.101:) +: @ ;@ ;
poison. making firm, sustaining, supporting.
viama (vi-am-a) a. (fr. + } e+ vihita (vi-hi-ta) pp. (of -;e
+ unbalanced, be agitated 2.101:) : )p: remain 6.6: & 2.101:) ++m : very well
: uneven or rough. viama n. w present, abiding.
crisis. m viu (vi-u) m. (fr. } e pervade
viaya (vi-ay-a) m. (fr. + bind 2.101:) the Lord as preserver of the universe
2.101:) +- (+) field of activity, scope; (which the Lord does all the time as the reality
object (indriya-gocara [sense object(s) such as in-forming/pervading all manifestations comprising the
sound, etc.]); m subject matter, topic. universe, but occasionally also takes special forms as
~"@+ -indriya-sayoga (~+~) m. avatras [incarnations], which save the world from
e: "m@ @+: contact of the senses with situational troubles, of whom Lord Ka in this epic is
their objects. ~ -pravla a. : : the latest incarnation), Lord Ka; !-+ one
whose buds are the objects (in the world, of the ditya deities.
~~15.2). visarga (vi-sarg-a) m. (fr. ;j} + emit
vida (vi-d-a) m. (fr. } !+ put 2.82: & 2.101: no change to }
because of radical &)
down 2.101:) mm (!) sadness, sorrow, j (the act of) releasing; (the act of)
depression. ~"} -in (~}) a. } offering or the offering itself (in a yaja); in
!N--: sad, (always) depressed. gram. the final aspiration (1.5.b:).

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 (UpasanaYoga.org) GITA DICTIONARY vrya
;j} visjat (vi-sj-[a]-at) pr. pt. (of ;j} abandon) j giving up, discarding.
+ emit 2.101: no change to } because of radical &) vihra (vi-hr-a) m.n. (fr. / m+ convey)
releasing. m various activity; going about, walking
;j visjya (vi-sj-ya) in. pt. (of ;j} + about. ~+j -ayysana-bhojana
emit 2.101: no change to } because of radical &) n. m@: @ ! !@
releasing, putting aside, giving up. !@ +j@ walking, lying down, sitting, and
vistara (vi-star-a) m. (fr. ; !+ eating.
covering 2.101: no change to } because of radical &) vihita (vi-hi-ta) pp. (of + give +
() detail, detailed description. ~%m fashion 6.6: irreg.) distributed, bestowed;
-ea (inst. ~+m 2.92:) ~} -as (6.19:) in. +: prescribed, ordained, enjoined;
w+: in detail. fashioned, made, formed.
vistra (vi-str-a) m. (fr. ; !+ + vkante (vi-k-[a]-ante) pr. 3rd pl. (of
covering 2.101: no change to } because of radical &) #}
+ see 5.5.b:) (they) see, gaze upon.
expansion, development, projection. vta (vi-i-ta) pp. (of + " !+ e go
vismaya (vi-smay-a) m. (fr. #+ away) without, usually in cmpd. ~. ~
smile, lit. slight laugh, an exception to 2.101:) -rga a. : : } (lit. from whom
! wonder, awe, amazement. ~! longing is gone) free from longing. ~
-
-via a. + !: overwhelmed with + -rga-bhaya-krodha a. : @
awe. +: : } free from longing, fear,
vismita (vi-smi-ta) pp. (of #+ and anger.
smile, an exception to 2.101:) } !N: struck vra (v-ra) m. (fr. Vedic +m+ arouse,
with wonder. lead) man, esp. an heroic man, leader.
vihya (vi-h-ya) in. pt. (of + vrya (v-r[a]-ya) n. (fr. Vedic +m+
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 ; v GITA DICTIONARY (UpasanaYoga.org)

arouse, lead) might, power; -) and derivatives) (pr. + pl. + P. pl. . 1st
hero. ~}
-vat a. -l valiant. sg. +, pot. + P. 1st sg. +}, cs. pr. ~+
; v 5.U. (pr. ;m+ ;+, ps. pr. + 5.37.3:, pp. 5.40:, pr. mid. pt. 6.5:, pp. ;, pp. cs. ,

;, in. pt.~; 6.9:) !+ cover, conceal. inf. }, the ~`~ within these forms is
!~ ap- ~ uncover, open. !~
- sometimes shown as ~`~ 2.63:) e remain,
cover, etc. ~ sam- cover, etc. stay, live; $+ exist, be, happen, take place;

; v 9.. and 5.U. -+ choose. ;e be engaged, perform, !m+ undertake;

with prefixes that can have a directional sense the root
; vka (vka) m. + wolf. ~$ -udara often has the basic sense of e move or turn; cs. +m+
(~+~) a. ; " $@ whose stomach is set in motion. !~ ati- !m+ go beyond,
(taut and hungry) like a wolfs; m. an epithet for transcend. !~ anu- !m+ follow,
Bhma. accordingly follow. !~ abhipra- !+ m+
; vka (vk-a) m. (fr. ;j} j+ remove [cf. be set in motion, begin, engage, continue, keep
}++ cut down] 2.81: & 2.101:) ) tree. going; !}~ turn towards. !~ - !+
;j} vj 7.U. (pr. ;ml ;w+ 2.81: & 5.3: inserted turn towards, come, approach; + return.
strong form is assimilated to preceding cerebral 2.92:, ~ ni- }~ turn back, + return;
and inserted weak form }, blocked from 2.92:, is m+ cease, desist; ++ turn down, keep away,
assimilated to following guttural, cs. pr. j ~+, pp. deny; !+ decrease, wane. ~ pra- !+ m+
cs. j 6.6:) + avoid, remove, abandon; ;e be set in motion, begin, engage, continue, keep
choose; cs. abandon. ~ vi- remove, etc. going; $e come to be. ~ vini- }~
;jvjina (vj-ina) a. (fr. ;j} + avoid,
turn back, depart, desist from. ~ vipari-
shun) crooked. ;j vjina n. karmic
}~ turn around, revolve, change. }~
demerit.
sam- (@~) $e come to be, happen. ~
sampra- $e come to be, happen; $+
;} vt 1.. (P. for meter and in some tenses, moods,
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 (UpasanaYoga.org)
increase, wax (when opposed to ni-).
; vtta (vt-ta) pp. (of ;} e remain ;e unreduplicated w/pres. meaning 5.28:) (he/she/it/
be engaged) happened. ; vtta n.
occurrence; action, behavior.
;p vddha (vd-dha) pp. (of ;} $+ increase
2.76: & 2.78:) $ increased, grown, matured;
+-;p elder, senior; m wise.
;} vdh 1.. (opt. P. in aor., fut., conditional, and
des.) (pp. ;p 2.76: & 2.78:) $+ increase, thrive,
prosper; cause to increase or thrive (only in
transitive P. or cs.). ~
pra- increase, etc.
increase, etc.
;m vi (v-i) m. pl. (fr. ;} ++ sprinkling
2.92:) : the name of Kas clan.
+ ve 1.P. (pp. $ 6.6: weakened by samprasraa to
$) -+ weave. ~ pra- weave.
+ vega (veg-a) m. (fr. j} + be agitated
2.82:) + agitation; flow, flood; j individual], their conclusion being the identity of
speed, haste.
+ vetti (vet-ti) pr. 3rd sg. (of } + know
2.42:) (he/she/it/who) knows.
+; vett (vet-t) m. (fr. } + know 2.42:)
+; knower (of everything, ~~11.38).
GITA DICTIONARY + veda
+ veda (ved-a) perf. 3 sg. (of }
rd
+ know
who) knows.
+ veda (ved-a) m. (fr. } + know)
knowledge; ---&j:--
*- the sacred teaching/knowledge of
dharma and brahman in the form of the four
books: g Veda, Yajur Veda, Sma Veda, Atharva
Veda (sometimes called the three Vedas, where
the three may refer either to the first three listed
above that are central to all the large Vedic
~
vi-
ceremonies, or refer to the three Vedic hymn
forms: chanted verse, prose, and sung verse,
respectively). ~!;} -anta-kt a. + !@
p@ + the author (who is the Lord) of
the Vednta (i.e., the Upaniads, the concluding
sections of each of the Vedas [the (books of)
knowledge of the Lord, the world(s), and the
these apparently separate notions, through the
only reality/brahman). ~
-yajdhyayana n. +@ @ the
study of the Vedas and/or the study of their
yajas (rituals). ~ -vda-rata a. +@
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 + veditavya GITA DICTIONARY (UpasanaYoga.org)

+ ---+ : engrossed his mother from slavery to the serpent mother

in the words of the Veda (presenting many Kadru) and who is the vehicle for Lord Viu.
praises, rewards, and their means). ~}
-vid a. e vairgya (vai-r[]g-[a]-ya) n. (fr. }
(6.24:) +- who knows (the meaning/purport be attracted 2.82:) - being
++
of) the Veda. without attraction, being free from attraction,
+ veditavya (ved-i-tavya) pot. ps. pt. (of dispassion, objectivity.
} + know 6.8:) to be known, what is e} vairin (vai-r[a]-in) a. (fr. Vedic +m+
to be known. arouse, lead) hostile. e} vairin m.
+} veditum (ved-i-tum) inf. (of } + enemy.
know 6.10:) } to know. e vaiya (vai-ya) m. (fr. } e attain
+ vedya (ved-ya) pot. ps. pt. (of } + know !+ enter into) the merchant or agricultural
6.8:) + to be known, what is to be known. class, a person in that class (by jti/birth [as one
+} vep (=}) 1.. (pr. mid. pt. +) + was generally born into and brought up in the
trembling. familys trade], or simply by sva-bhva/
disposition. According to karman with its emphasis
+ vepathu (vep-athu) m. (fr. +} +
on personal responsibility, one is born into a life for
tremble) trembling.
which one is suited and which is deserved). ~}
+ vepamna (vep-a-mna) pr. mid. pt. (of -karman n. e-j+: } the duties of a
+} + tremble) trembling. vaiya.
e+ vainateya (vai-na[m]-t[a]-[]-eya) m. (fr. e vaiv-nara (vai-v-nar-[a]-a) a. (fr.
+ } + bow 6.6:) )} -: son } e attain, !+ enter into) +@
of Vinat by the name Garua, in mythology a m} !} what belongs to all mankind.
great, high-flying bird (who brought down the e vaiv-nara m. ! fire, $-: !:
immortal nectar from heaven to win release for
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 (UpasanaYoga.org) GITA DICTIONARY vyavasita
the digestive fire (which cooks the food a } vyadrayat (vy-a-dr-aya-t) cs. impf.
second time); the deity that is fire. 3 sg. (of > m+ tear) (he/she/it/who) tore,
rd

l vyakta (vy-a[]k-ta) pp. (of !} + be broke open, pierced.

manifest 6.6: & 2.81:) manifest, ; seen; } vyanundayat (vy-anu-nd-ay[a]-
material, having form. ~ -madhya a. at) pr. pt.(of cs. } !-+l + make an
l} !@ @ manifest in-between. indistinct sound) !@ } resounding,
l vyakti (vy-a[]k-ti) f. (fr. !} + be reverberating.
manifest 2.81:) manifestation, appearance; vyapraya (vy-apa--ray-a) m. (fr.
; differentiated thing, a particular, !+ depend on) ! dependence,
individual. ! basis, substratum.
vyatitariyati (vy-ati-tar-i-ya- vyapritya (vy-apa--ri-tya) in. pt.
ti) fut. 3 sg. (of >
rd
w+ leap over 2.101:) (he/ (of !+ depend on 6.9:) !+ ;
she/it/who) will cross (over). taking refuge in (w/acc.).
vyatta (vy-ati-i-ta) pp. (of " e go) + vyapeta (vy-apa-i-ta) pp. (of " e go)
! have passed (usually in terms of time). lacking, without. ~ -bh a. (6.24:) +
} vyath 1.. (P. for meter) (pr. +, "}YAorist : without fear.
2nd sg. !: 5.30.1.c: & 2.88: [ : vyavasya (vy-ava-sy-a) m. (fr.
7.22.4:], cs. pr. , pp. 6.6:) - +V !-m bring to an end or a
+: be afraid or tremble, suffer harm; resolve) resolution, a resolve, clarity in
(figuratively) fall apart, perish; cs. +-m+ afflict, thinking. ~! -tmika a. --:
disturb, upset, affect. ~ pra- be afraid, etc. (~" redundantly added to - 6.39:)
vyath (vyath-[a]-) f. (fr. } - well-ascertained.
+: be afraid or tremble) fear. vyavasita (vy-ava-si-ta) pp. (of +V
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 vyavasthita GITA DICTIONARY (UpasanaYoga.org)

!-m bring to an end or a resolve 5.8.8: & pervade) pervading.

6.6:) !-m bring to an end/resolve 6.6:,
resolute, determined, resolved, of clear
understanding.
vyavasthita (vy-ava-sthi-ta) pp. (of
-;e remain 6.6:) has remained,
is there; assembled.
vyavasthiti (vy-ava-sthi-ti) f. (fr.
-;e remain) commitment, steadiness;
m determining, determination; rule.
vyghra (vy--ghra) m. (fr. ++
sense smells 6.24.1:) tiger, (figuratively) chief.
vytta (vy--t-ta) pp. (of + m+
open 6.6: irreg. contracting to after certain
prefixes) ; open (mouth), gaping. ~!
-nana a. ; !
} in whom are (countless) gaping mouths
(~~11.24).
vydhi (vy--dhi) m. (fr. + + be
separated, be afflicted) + disease.
vypta (vy-p-ta) pp. (of !} !+
pervade) + pervaded.
vypya (vy-p-ya) in. pt. (of !} !+ } vyharat (vy--har-[a]-at) pr. pt. (of
vymira (vy--mi-ra) a. (poss. fr. }
++ mix) +} contradictory.
vysa (vy-s-a) m. (fr. !} +m+
cast,
throw) -+ a sage called Vysa (lit.
composer or compiler), by the name of Ka
Dvaipyana who fathered both Dhta-rra and
Pu. He is also titled Veda-vysa as the one
who collected together the ancient mantras into
the four Vedas, is attributed to be the author
(arranger/compiler) of many works of
mythology called Puras, popularizing the
teachings of the Vedas in the form of story
literature, and who was the first to recite the
story called Jaya and now called the Mah-
bhrata, the great epic of India. This epic initially
consisted by its own reckoning of 8,000 verses, first called
the Jaya, then later as 24,000 verses, called the
Bhrata, and eventually filled out to 100,000 verses (by
many times the worlds largest work of literature), in
which the Bhagavad Gt is placed in the middle.
~ -prasda m. grace/favor of
Vysa.
224
 (UpasanaYoga.org) GITA DICTIONARY abda
+ / bring out) $} calling, chanting. of the eleven rudra deities.
vyudasya (vy-ud-as-ya) in. pt. (of !} w akha (a-kha) m.n. (poss. fr. } + be
+m+ cast, throw) j giving up (i.e., being satisfied) conch shell.
free from). aha (aha) a. } deceptive.
vyha (vy--ha) pp. (of + } m+ aha m. j rogue.
convey 2.110:) -; formed into battle-array, ata (ata) n. hundred. ~} -as in. (6.19: &
arrayed. 4.29:) e: by the hundreds.
j} vraj 1.P. (. for meter) (impv. j, pot. . atru (a[d]-tru) m. (fr. } m} be
j+) e move; e attain, take to (w/abstract trampled upon, perish) ! enemy. ~ -tva n.
noun in acc. 7.8.2:). - being an enemy. ~} -vat in. (6.19:) -
vrata (vra-ta) n. (fr. ; -+ choose) } like an enemy.
vow, commitment. e} anais (an [a]-ais) in. (inst. pl. of the otherwise
@} as 1.P. (2.104:) (pr. x@, pp. 6.6:) unused ) (often repeated e: e:) } gently;
e praise. ~ pra- praise. not all at once; !-} slowly.
} ak 5.P. (pr. +, ps. pr. +, pp. l, abda (ab da) m. sound; m
pot. ps. pt. ) le (+) be able; ps. yield, be sounds (that possess sense) i.e., a word, in cmpd.
able to (with inf.). ~ the word; ++-: !-: m-
akya (ak-ya) pot. ps. pt. (of } + be +: one of the five basic qualities based on the
able) is possible or able, can (with inf.). five (gross) elements (space, etc.) that can be

w akara (a-kar-a) m. (fr. } + be grasped by the sense of hearing. ~!

-di a.
pl. : !: +} (the five basic types of
satisfied m+ subside 2.55:) @ + " the
qualities or objects) starting with abda/sound
one who blesses (by destroying obstacles, esp.
(spara/touch, rpa/form, rasa/taste, gandha/
ignorance), Lord of destruction, ) father
225
} am GITA DICTIONARY (UpasanaYoga.org)

smell) (which match the five rotrdi/senses disintegrate) + body, what is subject to
starting with hearing) 6.39:. ~} -brahman disintegration, the body-mind complex. ~"}
-in
n. @ +: the literal Veda, Vedic text. (~}) a. } ! ! having a body,
} am 4.P. (pp. 6.6: irreg. retaining of nasal embodied, the one who obtains in the
and lengthening of preceding ! & 2.55:, in. pt. ~ body-mind complex (as myself, as I). ~
6.9:) + be satisfied, N+ be clear; m+ be -ytr f. + : maintenance of the body.
exhausted, subside. ~ pra- be satisfied, etc. ~w}-v-manas (2.24: & 2.44:) n. pl. @
}~sam- (@~) be satisfied, etc. } : body, speech, and mind.
ama (am-a) m. (fr. } + be satisfied) ~+m -vimokaa n. } +}
release from the body, m} death of
!:-m $: clarity of the mind, mastery
over thinking, composure; -: ;:
the body. ~-stha a. (6.24.1:) + $:
obtaining in the body; + !:
cessation (from duties, i.e., renunciate lifestyle,
where the pursuit of self-knowledge is the only
$: (the one tman) obtaining in (all)
the bodies (~~13.31).
sdhana, ~~6.3).
ayya (ay-ya) pot. ps. pt. (of + sleep, } arman (ar-man) n. (poss. fr. +}
seek) pleasure, joy.
lie down) to be lain on. ayy f.
} (lit. suitable for lying on) bed, couch; } a 1.P. e leap.
resting, lying down. aa (a-a) m. (fr. } e leap)
m araa (ar-aa) n. (poss. fr. !+ rabbit. ~!w -aka m. (lit. having the marks
depend on) m protection, shelter; ! of a rabbit) the moon; -+ the deity
refuge; (fr. > @} destroy) killing, that is the moon.
falling to pieces. } ain (a-[a]-in) m. (fr. } -e leap)
arra (ar-ra) n. (fr. > @} destroy, (lit. having [the look of] a rabbit) moon.

226
 (UpasanaYoga.org) GITA DICTIONARY } s
ai (6.29:) in cmpd. ~. ~ -srya m. du. satisfied, N clear; m exhausted,
: the moon and the sun. ~+ subsided. ~j} -rajas a. m-+-+
-srya-netra a. -e ++ whose two whose impurities (delusion, etc.) have subsided.
eyes are the moon and the sun. nti (n-ti) f. (fr. } + be satisfied
} avat (a-v-at) in &~+~ a. (maybe an old pr. 2.55:) !:-m $: peace of mind; +
pt. of } -e leap) perpetual, ever the complete freedom.
same, constant. }
avat in. } eternally, rra (r-r[a]-a) a. (fr. > @}
always; } certainly. destroy) +-p connected with the body,
} as 1.P. @} destroy, disintegrate, cut. --p for sustaining the body.
astra (as-tra) n. (fr. } @} destroy, } l 1.. @ speak with confidence; e
cut) ! sword, (any hand-held) cutting shine.
weapon. ~m -pi a. @ m+: in vata (vat-a) a. (f. #) (fr. } -
whose hands is a weapon, armed. ~;}
-bht a. eleap, allied to the concept of perennial like the
(6.24.2:) m@ who bears a weapon. reoccurring phases of the moon/aaka) p ever
~ -sampta m. m@ : clash of the same, constant; (relatively or
swords. absolutely) eternal (because of the phonetic similarity
kh (kh) f. ; !-+: branch with the word vasVtomorrow, when this word is used
(of a tree), also figuratively a branch or subdivision along with another word whose meaning also is
(of any thing or system). eternal, then it is distinguished from its synonym as
dhi ([s]-dhi) impv. 2 sg. (of } +
nd pertaining to what will remain the same
teach 5.19.11: & 5.6.a: & 2.100:) (you) please teach. tomorrow, i.e., without decline, ~~2.20),

nta (n-ta) pp. (of } + be

countless. ~+;
-dharma-gopt a. :
satisfied, m+ be exhausted 6.6: irreg. & 2.55:)
: + protector of the perennially
227
} s GITA DICTIONARY (UpasanaYoga.org)

eternal dharma (laws). woman).

} s 2.P. (pr. & }~ b/4 weak cons. } ikharin (i-kha-r[a]-in) m. (fr.
terms. 5.19.11:, impv. [s]-dhi 5.19.11: & 5.6.a: &
m-m+ sharpen) (lit. having a /
2.100:, pot. ps. pt. 6.8: irreg.) + teach; ++
peak) mountain.
administer. !~ - } ask. } iras (ir -as) n. (fr. > @} destroy
stra (s-tra) n. (fr. } + teach) 2.67:) } head.
@ : an instruction (verbal or } i 7.P. (ps. pr. +, pp. 2.88:) !+m+
written, on what is beneficial), teaching, science, leave (as a remainder); N-m+ distinguish;
+ sacred instructional literature. ~+l ps. be left, be distinguished. !~ ava- leave,
-vidhnokta a. : @ } % @ etc. $}~ ud- ($~ 2.45: & 2.56:) leave, etc. ~
+ $l: what is said by the sacred literature as vi- distinguish; ps. ++ be superior, be better, be
(i.e., in the form of) injunctions. ~ -vidhi exalted.
m. @ +: : ---m}
injunctions (which give knowledge of what to
ia (i-a) pp. (of } !+m+ leave
2.88:) left (behind).
do and what not to do) of the sacred literature.
m} ikhain (ikha[a]-in) m. name of iya (i-ya) pot. ps. pt. (of } +
teach, 6.8: irreg.) -+ fit to be taught.
the son of Dru-pada, who was born a girl (to
iya m. student (who is fit to be taught).
avenge against Bhma for a rejection by him in her prior
life). She was brought up by Dru-pada as a boy, and 2.. (pot. ps. pt. ) + lie down, sleep.
was so presented for marriage, but afterwards, to protect }~ sam- (@~ 2.54:) (lit. lie together, i.e., be
her father and his kingdom from her wifes powerful confused between the two) ++ be in doubt.
family, she was transformed by her request into a man by ta (-ta) pp. (of e [= 5.8.8:] +
a yaka. In the great war, he/she was instrumental in freeze 6.6: irregularly weaking stem to ~) cool,
defeating Bhma (who vowed never to fight against a cold. ta n. the cold. ~$m:
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 (UpasanaYoga.org) GITA DICTIONARY uni
-ua-su-kha-du-kha (~+~) n. pl. @ the moon; --+ the deity that is the
$m@ +m+ + @ :@ -:+ bright fortnight (~~8.24); --+-
cold-hot and pleasure-pain (etc., the natural the path (of the departed jva) which is
pairs of opposites [dvan-dvas]the first pair is associated with the deity that is the bright
representitive of the objective creation, the fortnight (~~8.24). ~;m
-ka a. du. :
second pair is representitive of the minds ;m: bright and dark.
natural creation in reaction to the objective } uc 1.P. (pr. +, impf. 2nd sg. !+:,
world). ~$m: -ua-su-kha-du- !YAorist 2nd sg. !: 5.30.2.a: [ : 7.22.4:],
kha-da (~+~) a. (6.24.1:) @ $m@ +m+ pot. ps. pt. + 6.8:, inf. +}) (orig. in +
+ @ :@ -:+ giving cold- meaning e burn or be bright, hence) :+
hot pleasure-pain (etc. the natural pairs of sorrow, grieve, ++ fret, worry. !~ anu-
opposites [dvan-dvni]). grieve, etc.
ra (r-a) n. (fr. > @} destroy 2.68: } uc 4.U. (orig. in + meaning e burn or be
& 2.101:) } head, tip, top. bright) :+ grieve; ++ be wet (from tears or
la n. -
nature, characteristic, from being cleaned/purified); } be
mental disposition, character; ; conduct, clean (fr. be bright), -+ be pure.
lifestyle, habit; in cmpd. ~ of the nature of, uci (uc-i) a. (fr. } } be clean)
disposed to, dedicated to, addicted to, + !+m p: clean (outside and inside);
having the habit of. pure, virtuous.
ukla (uk-la) (= 1.5.d:) a. (fr. } e p uddhi (ud-dhi) f. (fr. } e+ become
shine, burn, this sense of the root as a verb found only pure) clarity, purity, transparency.
in +, cf. 2.24: reversion of palatal to guttural) $jj
bright. ukla m. + white color; -
} udh 4.P. (pp. p 2.76: & 2.78:) e+ (e+)
become pure. ~ vi- become pure. }~ -sam
the bright fortnight, the period of the waxing of
229
 uni GITA DICTIONARY (UpasanaYoga.org)

(@~) become pure. or simply by sva-bhva/disposition). According to

uni (un-i) m. sg. loc. (of } 3.21:) + in a karman with its emphasis on personal responsibility, one
dog, regarding a dog. is born into a life for which one is suited and which is
deserved.
} ubh 1.. e shine, ++ be beautiful.
ubha (ubh-a) a. (fr. } e shine) or ra (-ra) a. (poss. fr. Vedic be superior
victorious) heroic. ra m. hero, warrior.
pleasant, beautiful; w auspicious.
ubha n. + a pleasant, etc. situation. ~! ;m} vat (-v-at) pr. pt. (of !m+
-a-ubha a. } !-@ pleasant and/or hear 5.21.3: & 5.3: & 2.11:) hearing, listening.
unpleasant. ~!} -a-ubha- > 9.P. @} destroy, disintegrate.
paritygin a. + m @l } ! e aibya (aib[i]-ya) m. name of king of the
who naturally and completely renounces (the ibis and father of Devik (Yudhi-hiras other
status of being a doer and an experiencer in) wife), who fought on the Pava side.
pleasant and unpleasant activity. ~!
-a-
+ o (= 5.8.8:) 4.P. (pp. 6.6:) -m+
ubha-phala a. + "+ + having
sharpen; m-m+ make firm. }~ sam-
pleasant and unpleasant results, in the form of
(@}~) sharpen, etc.
pleasant and unpleasant results (~~9.28).
} u 4.P. (pr. , cs. pr. +, pot. ps. pt. +: sorrow
oka (ok-a) m. (fr. } :+ sorrow 2.82:)
(in the form of guilt, regarding ones
+ 6.8:) j+ be dry; cs. m+ (make) dry. own omission and commissions, and hurt,
$}~ ud- ($} 2.24: & 2.45:) be dry. ~ pari- regarding others omissions and commissions),
be dry.
grief (never used in the other sense of du-kha meaning
dra (dra) m. a person of the working physical pain). oka is held by Lord Ka, starting
(labor) class (by jti/birth [as one was generally at the beginning of the teaching with ~~2.11, to be a
born into and brought up in the familys trade], response to the world that is born of ignorance about the
230
 (UpasanaYoga.org) GITA DICTIONARY p rad-dh
nature of oneself. oka consists of two components: guilt superior or victorious)
: valor.
due to ones own omissions and commissions, and hurt yla (yla) (or ) m. :
due to others omissions and commissions. The first is wifes brother, brother-in-law.
itself fundamentally based on taking oneself as the kart
(doer of action), and the later on taking oneself as the
e yai (= 5.8.8:) 1.. (pp. 6.6: irregularly
weaking stem to ~) e go; + freeze, ++ dry
karman (object of action), i.e., as bhokt (the
up.
experiencer of action). Lord Ka teaches throughout
the Bhagavad Gt that both of these notions are not rad-dadhna (rad-dadh-na) pr. mid.
the truth, are not satya (~~2.19, 3.27, etc.). pt. (of + give 6.5: & 5.8.2: & 5.20.2: & 6.13:)
~@ -savigna-mnasa a. ++ being endowed with trust.
@@ @ whose mind was overcome with p rad-dh (rad-dh[]-[a]-) f. (fr. } heart/
sorrow. mind + + give 6.13:) trust (esp. in
+} ocitum (oc-i-tum) inf. (of } :+ the Veda and guru), respect, a positive and
grieve) to grieve. receptive attitude in learning pending
confirmation or dis-confirmation; l faith,
e auca (auc-a) n. (fr. } -+ become devotion (towards the Lord); (in regard to the use
pure) +: : purity, cleanliness, -@ of the word in the 17th chapter of ~~) ones
;o@ @ !: : -
entire value structure and attitude towards life;
-} !@ e} washing (away dirt (in regard to the ruti) !-p an attitude
on the body with water and scouring powder,
that the Veda is a prama (a valid means of
and internally removing mental impurities, such
knowledgewhen it comes to the Lord, the
as rga [attraction] by contemplating its flip-side
tman, karman, yaja, and many other topics
[such as what is not attractive in the attractive
that are not within the scope of sense perception
object]).
or inference based on sense perception
e aurya (au-r[a]-ya) n. (poss. fr. Vedic be
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 } ravas GITA DICTIONARY (UpasanaYoga.org)

[including instrument readings, etc.]). rad-dh (w/acc. or loc.); !+ depend on, rest on, take
is an acceptance that the Veda is a valid means of refuge in (w/acc. or loc.); e enter into,
knowledge to be employed and accepted in its own light obtain, !+ befall (w/acc.). !}~ atyud-
without preconceptions or prejudices, like you naturally (!}~ 2.24: & 2.45: & 2.56:) ! $+ very or
accept your own eye sight. Of course, they say, eyes can too distinguished or lofty. !~
- seek, etc.
be deceiving, nevertheless you still trust your eye sight $~ up- seek, etc. ~
vyap- seek, etc.
until there is later dis-confirmation. If the object is blurry, }~ sam- (@~) seek, etc. ~
samup-
you continue to try to get a better look, still trusting your seek, etc.
eyesyou dont then try to see with your ears! Moreover, rita (ri-ta) pp. (of +} seek) +
when there is dis-confirmation, it is not your original eye given (oneself) to, tend towards; N taken to.
sight that is dis-confirmed but instead your erroneous
judgment, mostly due to preconceptions and prejudices,
r (r) f. (fr. +} seek) (lit. that
which is sought) + beauty; prosperity,
based on that eye sight. ~+ -traya-
glory; } wealth; deity that is fortune;
vibhga-yoga a. p-- " +:
deity that is learning; in cmpd. ~ the
m@ whose topic is the division into three
rad-dhs. ~ -maya a. : having
famous, the glorious. ~;mj@
-krjuna-savda n. -;m: !j:
a predominance of trust, permeated by rad-dh
+: @} dialogue between r Ka and
(respect, trust). ~} -vat a. p ! !
Arjuna. ~} -bhagavat m. l: }
(:) having trust. ~ -virahita a.
the Lord, Lord Ka. ~} -mat a. : !
+ : without respect or faith. ! having r, wealthy (in all ways), fortunate,
} ravas (rav-as) n. (fr. !m+ hear) having value, venerable. ~p -mad-
m ear; } fame, renown. bhagavad-gt pl. -l : :
ri 1.U. (pr. ~+ 5.3: & 2.71:, pot. +}, pp. !-*: the (ruti based) songs (in the form
, in. pt. ~ 6.9:) +} seek, tend to of 18 chapters) of (and about) the glorious
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 (UpasanaYoga.org)
Lord.
ru 5.P. (pr. ;m+ 5.21.3:, impv. ;m 5.21.3:, pot.
;m} 5.21.3:, perf. 1st pl. 5.27.1: & 5.8.1: & .4:,
}YAorist 1st sg. !e} 5.30.1.b: & 2.101:, fut. 2nd sg.
+ 5.33: & 2.101:, pr. pt. ;m}, past act. pt.
}, pp. , pot. ps. pt. + 6.8:, in. pt. ) in the pursuit of complete freedom).
!m+ hear, listen; + listen with
understanding, study. !~ anu- listen, etc.
ruta (ru-ta) pp. (of !m+ hear) has -: me: ;-;-me:
been heard.
} rutavat (ru-tavat) past act. pt. (of has heard (mostly from the great bulk of the
!m+ hear) having been heard.
ruti (ru- ti) f. (fr. !m+ listen, + heaven-going, etc., consisting of doing this and
listen with understanding, study) listening;
+ " what is listened to, instruction,
knowledge (that is passed on by listening); the
knowledge that is a-paurueya (that comes
along, in the form of the Veda, with each
manifestation of the universe, not originated
from the mind of man [purua]), that is an-
adhigata (not attained) by any other available
means of knowledge, and is phalavat (useful) to
the one who studies it; + the body of
GITA DICTIONARY +} reyas
knowledge called the Veda, any body of
knowledge equivalent to the Veda; m ear.
~ -paryana a. : m@ @ !@ +-
-;e @ @ for whom listening (to
the teaching) is the ultimate end (the final means
~} -mat
a. : m+@ } having an ear(s)
(everywhere, ~~13.13). ~N
-vipratipanna a. !+----
N: -N: distracted by what one
Veda regarding various means and ends such as
avoiding that, but also new-age spiritual
claims, that existed back then as they do today,
2.4145).
rutv (ru-tv) in. pt. (of !m+ hear)
having heard, after hearing.
+} reyas (re-yas) cpv. a. (fr. +} seek,
or fr. praiseworthy 6.25:) ()
better, greater; m- beneficial. +}
reyas n. !+ $- the more
beneficial (i.e., dharma); !+ + the
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 + reha GITA DICTIONARY (UpasanaYoga.org)

good, + what cannot be bettered, the who cooks [and eats] dog) j ;: a
ultimate good (what is good for every being in person who lives outside of the cultural norms
every situation at all times, separate from preyas of Vedic society.
[what is pleasant but only in particular, fleeting vaura a. : : husbands
situations], cf. ~$~1.2.12), + complete or wifes father, father-in-law.
freedom (the final pururtha).
} vas 2.P. (cs. peri. perf. 5.29:, pr. pt.
+ reha (re-ha) spv. a. (fr. +} seek, }) m+ breathe. !~ - breathe; cs. cause to
or fr. praiseworthy 6.25:) best. + breathe, allow to catch his/her breath, revive,
reha m. ; a king, an important person. ;e soothe, calm.
+ rotavya (ro-tavya) pot. ps. pt. (of } vasat (vas-at) pr. pt. (of } m+
!m+ hear 6.8:) what will be heard , what is to breathe) breathing.
be heard.
+ veta (vet-a) a. (fr. } e+ become
+ rotra (ro-tra) n. (fr. !m+ hear) white) bright, white.
m-+ the sense of hearing. ~! -di a.
} a num. a. n. pl. (4.23.a:) six. ~ -daa
pl. (6.39:) +} !: +} (the five functions of
(+ o-a-a irreg. sandhi for } + } with phonetic
perception) starting with rotra/hearing (tvac/
changes similar to 2.88: & 2.100: & 2.109:) ordinal
feeling, cakus/seeing, rasana/tasting, ghra/
(4.26:) sixteenth. ~ -msa (m~ 2.24: &
smelling) (which match the five abddi/sense
2.44:) m. pl. } : six-months (esp. while the
objects beginning with sound arising from there
sun courses north or courses south).
being the five elements beginning with space/
ka, etc.). aha (a-ha) ordinal (4.26:) sixth.
} van (van) m. ( sg. loc. 3.21:) dog. sa pcl. used only in cmpd. ~ (= 6.39:)
va (6.29:) in cmpd. ~. ~ -pka m. (lit. one with; as. ~!e}
-adhibhtdhi-daivam in. !@ !e@
234
 (UpasanaYoga.org) GITA DICTIONARY @} sayamat
!e@ !e+ + "
as masc. equivalent of - co-wife, having the
centered on (living-) beings and the deities (i.e., same husband) m. %+ + (lit.
as being the living beings and the deities, as the one who goes after the same thing [i.e., after
basis of the beings and the deities). ~!} r, the Goddess who is wealth and gloryand
-adhiyajam in. !+ + " as which mortal is not married to her!]) the
centered on rituals (i.e., as being ritual, as the enemy, competitor. ~
-vikra a. -
basis of ritual). ~!w
-ahakra a. !w: along with its modifications. ~
!@ ! who has excessive pride -vijna a. - with the assimilation of
(~~18.24). ~}
-gadgadam in. + the knowledge. ~-ara a. e: : along
with a stammer, with a faltering voice. ~ with the arrows.
-carcara a. +m !-+m (the world) @ sayata (sa-ya[m]-ta) pp. (of } -
consisting of both the moving and the non- m+ exercise authority 6.6: & 2.54:) } -
moving. ~+}
-cetas a. + : who is ;: placed under complete control (in terms of
with mind, sentient; N-: ;: -@ self-discipline, under control of an informed
: who has gotten the mind (back in its intellect). ~" -indriya (~+~) a. @
original pleased state, ~~11.51) (i.e., regained "m whose senses are placed under
ones senses). ~
-tata in cmpd. ~ or ~} complete control (of an informed intellect).
-tatam in. (fr. pp. of } 6.6:) always; e+
uninterruptedly, continually. ~l
-tata-
@ sayama (sa-yam-a) m. (fr. } -
m+ exercise authority 2.54:) - exercise
yukta a. l always committed. ~; of authority (in terms of self-discipline, placing the
-da a. -* resembling, similar, equal.
intellect over mind and senses). ~! -agni m.
~;} -dam in. } suitably, in keeping
"-@: % !: the fire that is mastery
(with). ~+-doa a. ++m : with defect,
(over the senses).
defective. ~-patna (interestingly derived as the
@} sayamat (sa-yam-[a]-at) pr. pt. (of
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 @} sayamin GITA DICTIONARY (UpasanaYoga.org)

} -m+ exercise authority, irreg. in not ~~18.70).

taking here the root substitute } 2.54:) @@ }
enforcing discipline; one who enforces
discipline.
@} sayamin (sa-yam-in) a. (fr. }
-m+exercise authority 2.54:) -}
who exercises authority (in terms of self-discipline
placing intellect over mind and senses).
@ sayamya (sa-yam-ya) in. pt. (of }
-m+ exercise authority, $+ stop 6.9: &
2.54:) -m@ ; exercising authority (in
terms of self-discipline placing intellect over mind
and senses); @; closing.
@l sayukta (sa-yuk-ta) pp. (of j} w+
unite 2.81: & 2.54:) N endowed with.
@+ sayoga (sa-yog-a) m. (fr. j} w+
unite 2.82: & 2.54:) + union;
relationship, connection, association (which may
be notional or factual).
@ savda (sa-vd-a) m. (fr. } l@ @p sauddhi (sa-ud-dhi) f. (fr. } e+
speak 2.54:) m dialogue (esp. between
teacher and student); @-*@ : text in the
form of a dialogue (e.g., the Bhagavad Gt,
@ savigna (sa-vig-na) pp. (of j} +
be afraid + be agitated 6.6: irreg., i.e., 2.82: &
2.54:) ! agitated, distressed, overcome.
@; savtta (sa-vt-ta) pp. (of ;} $+
happen 2.54:) become, happened.
@ saaya (sa-ay-a) m. (fr. } +
++ lit. lie together, be confused between the
two 2.54:) + doubt. ~!} -tman a.
@+ @ who has a skeptical mind.
@ saita (sa-i-ta) pp. (of + [=
5.8.8:] mm+ sharpen 6.6: & 2.54:) m;
sharp, firm. ~ -vrata a. }
whose vows are firm.
@p sauddha (sa-ud-dha) pp. (of }
e+ become pure 2.76: & 2.78: & 2.54:) +@ ;:
cleansed, be clean, pure. ~
-kilbia a.
p- cleansed of (free from) karmic
demerit.
become pure 2.54:) clarity, purity,
transparency.
@ sarita (sa-ri-ta) pp. (of +}
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 (UpasanaYoga.org) GITA DICTIONARY w sakalpa
seek 2.54:) N taken to, given (oneself) to. steadying.
@} sasad (sa-sad) f. (fr. } !+ sit @ sastha (sa-stha) a. (fr. -;e
6.24: & 2.54:) assembly hall, court, company remain 2.54:) generally in cmpd. ~ (6.24.1:) !
(of people). centered on.
@ sasra (sa-sr-a) m. (fr. ; e go @ saspara (sa-spar-a) m. (fr. ;}
2.54:) --j: j-m-m-: a @+ touch 2.54:) @ contact, touch; @;+
notional existence characterized by (continual) " what is contacted, pl. : sense objects.
birth, death, etc. (everything in-between, and on ~j -ja a. (6.24.3:) +-@+ j: born
and on), the condition of thinking that I was through contact (of senses with objects).
born, will die, etc. (due to erroneous notions @; sasmtya (sa-sm-tya) in. pt. (of ;
about myself); the (ever-perishing) universe; remember 6.9: & 2.54:) @ ;
}
pl. @-: paths of (the individual(s) remembering 6.9:, bringing to mind, recalling.
through) existence (successive lives).
l sakta (sa[]k-ta) pp. (of } @+ attach
@p sasiddha (sa-sid-dha) pp. (of } +
identify with 6.6: & 2.81:) attached to,
@pe succeed 2.76: & 2.78: & 2.54:) m fulfilled, identified with.
complete, + complete freedom; @;
prepared, accomplished.
sakhi (sakhi) m. (sg. nom. , voc. +, gen.
:,
pl. acc. } 3.33:) - companion,
@p sasiddhi (sa-sid-dhi) f. (fr. } buddy, associate, comrade, friend.
succeed 2.76: & 2.78: & 2.54:) }-m
@pe w sakara (sa-kar-a) m. (fr. ; m+ do
final completion, + complete freedom; -
m mixing up; confusion.
2.55:)
success.
@ sastabhya (sa-stabh-ya) in. pt. (of wbeable,sakalpa (sa-kalp-a) m. (fr. ?} +
be entitled 2.55:) !-p fixing (in
} @ m+ make firm 6.9: & 2.54:)
the mind) what is desired; "} " %} %
237
w sakhya GITA DICTIONARY (UpasanaYoga.org)

} " %@-*+ : -+:

a type of take, grasp 2.55:) m holding, m
mental construct in the form this alone is to be maintenance; collection, total components.
done in this way, intention; ! fancy, ~%m -ea (~+m inst.) in. w++m briefly.
scheme, anticipation, requirement, expectation. w sagrma (sa-grm-a) m. (said to be fr.
~ -prabhava a. w: : whose w} p+ fight, clearly a denominative root, but used
origin is intention, born of intention. by some recent grammarians to explain the word from
w sakhya (sa-khya) n. (fr. } + m+ which it itself is derived) p battle.
enumerate, group 6.24.1: & 2.55:) p battle. w sagha (sa-gh-a) m. (fr. } + } w+
w sakhyna (sa-khy-ana) n. (fr. } + where } contracts to } cf. 2.105:, lit. strike together
m+ enumerate or group, + tell 2.55:) -j- collection of similar things,
completely 2.55:) m enumeration; ! often in cmpd. ~ host of, company of.
elaboration, narration. w saghta (sa-ght-a) m. (said to be fr. }
w saga (sag-a) m. (fr. } @+ attach + } w+ where } contracts to } cf. 2.105:, lit.
+ identify with 2.82: & 2.55:) contact; strike together 2.55:) collection, aggregate
w association or attachment, identity (often referring to the human body-mind
with. ~ -rahita ~j -varjita complex).
~j -vivarjita a. w+ j: without sacaya (sa-cay-a) m. (fr. wm+
(i.e., free from) attachment (to the result), gather 2.55:) accumulation; w
without identification (with the actionthat I accumulating.
did this).
N sachinna (sa-chin-na) pp. (of } +
w} sagin (sag-in) a. (fr. } @+ attach } e-m+ sever 6.6: & 2.55:) e-;
2.82: & 2.55:) !w} committed, bound. severed, cut off, cut out.
w sagraha (sa-grah-a) m. (fr. } $+ } saj (=j}) 1.U. (pr. ~+ or j
238
 (UpasanaYoga.org) GITA DICTIONARY } sat
~+, ps. pr. j+ or o+ [o+ is a form assimilated, (6.32:) : !} for the sake of (their)
with j} o}, (back?) from Prkta (derived from old names, in order to introduce their names, for
and classical Sakta, Prkta is an everyday dialect of (your) recognition (..1.7).
the general populace at that time, and, along with sajita (sa-j[]-[a]-i-ta) pp. (of den. fr.
classical Sakta, its dialects were the precursors to 5.43: & 6.6:) ! called, named.
modern Indian languages)], cs. pr. ~+, pp. l
6.6: & 2.81:) @+ attach, cling to (w/loc.), +
} sat ([a]s-at ) (m. sg. nom. } 3.12:) pr. pt. (of
!} be 6.4: & 5.19.4:) being;
identify with (cling with the mind to); ps. be
real, existent; right, good, virtuous, saintly.
attached; cs. cause attachment, bind to (w/loc.).
!~ anu- (!~ 2.101:) attach, etc.; ps. be
} sat n. } reality (i.e., !} } + !-
me and you, the indestructible one
attached to (w/loc.). !~ - attach, etc. ~
pra-
associated with a body, ~~2.1113 and
attach, etc.
2.1625), } the (only) reality, the cause (}
} sajanayat (sa-jan-ay[a]-at) pr. pt. (of % + "} ! !} %} % !-},
cs. j} $} be born 2.55:) producing. ~$~6.2.1), !} the I. ~!} -a-sat (~~
sajaya (sa-jay-a) m. (fr. j + be 2.43:) a. } } !-} ! "
victorious 2.55:) name of King Dhta-rras p: } what is existing and what is
minister. (considered) non-existing; n. sg. or du. } }
saja (sa-ja) a. (fr. !++ know !-} !-@ } !} reality and
6.24.1: & 2.55:) in cmpd. ~ having the unreality (what is other than reality), cause and
name. effect. From the point of view of the material cause, like
clay and a clay-pot, the effect [the clay-pot] has no
saj (sa-j[]-[a]-) f. (fr. !++ existence nor form apart from its material cause [the
know 6.24.1: & 2.55:) } name; p
clay], and is given existence conceptually in name only,
understanding, recognition. ~!} -artham in. i.e., essentially only in the minds of the beholders who
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 sattva GITA DICTIONARY (UpasanaYoga.org)

name it. Even though the effect, such as the clay-pot, may a. (6.25:) !- best; salutation,
have a practical purpose, still, a bluff can also have a prostrating. ~ -bhva (~p}~ 2.43:) m.
practical purpose. Hence, practicality is not a basis for being existent; (loc. 7.13.1.g:) in the
establishing existence. ~!+j} -a-sad- sense of being existent. ~
-abda (~
yoni-janman (~~ 2.43:) n. pl. } !-} 2.45: & 2.56:) m. } " : the word sat.
+: +: +: sattva ([a]s-at-tva) n. (fr. } pr. pt. of !}
j births in virtuous and non-virtuous be 6.4: & 5.19.4:) : : truth, reality, core
wombs (i.e., higher and lower births, the high being; entity, existent thing; -m the
birth being human as it alone allows a chance first of three constituent principles comprising
for moka, the rest are simply bhoga-sthnas the world (see gua), as a mental disposition it is
[embodiments for experience] but no bhvan any type or mode of thinking, hence
improvement); n. sg. or du. } @ !-} !-@ sattva also is used to mean anta-karaa/the mind
reality and non-reality, cause and effect. ~ (whose nature it is to think, as opposed to being dull or
-kra m. honoring, showing respect; agitated, which are said to be due to the admixtures of
salutation, prostrating. ~j} tamas and rajas, respectively);
-kra-mna-pjrtham in. (6.32:) : contemplative disposition, mental clarity.
-: : @, : @ ~!* -anurpa a. -
: @, j - @++:-m !*: !: in keeping
;: } for the
sake of with sattva (i.e., the mind endowed with its
demanding worship in word (praised as a specific latent tendencies). ~} -vat a.
virtuous person), in mind (respected so that predominantly sattvic, contemplative. ~@p
others must stand when they greet you), and -sauddhi f. !:-m @p:
deed (that others wash your feet, pray before @+ --;-j} purity of
you, and feed you, ~~17.18). ~
-tama spv. mind (i.e., being free from deceit, cheating,

240
 (UpasanaYoga.org) GITA DICTIONARY santua
falsehood, etc. in ones interactions with others). e reach, attain, (in terms of the mind) know; cs.
~ -samvia a. - cause to sink, destroy, e attain. !~ ava-
@: endowed with clarity of mind. ~ !}~ sit, etc. !~ - !}~ sit, etc. $}~ ud-
-stha a. (6.24.1:) -m-;- who lives (a life ($}~ 2.24:) m+ perish. $~ upani-
influenced primarily) by -m. (~}~ 2.101:) cs. (for the word Upaniad) $+
satya ([a]s-at-ya) a. (fr. } pr. pt. of !} + m@ m+ cause the disintegration (of
be 6.4: & 5.19.4:) as it is, real, truthful, sasritva) by definite (knowledge) of what is
true. satya n. - what can not nearest. ~ pra- pe be clear (of mind), be
be negated at any time (i.e., in the past, present, gracious; cs. -+ propitiate, seek grace.
or future; or while waking, dreaming, or ~ vi- (}~ 2.101:) + be despondent, be sad.
sleeping), reality, truth; !-;-j - sad (sa-d) in. (6.19:) } + always.
; - ! -p-w+ ; sa-da (sa-d-a) a. (f. #) (fr. ;} +m+
e $m } } truthfulness (speaking see 4.17.2:) similar, equal, similar to (w/inst.,
about ones own assimilated knowledge just as it gen., or loc., or ~).~} -m in. (7.8.8:) !*} in
was seen or heard so as to communicate it to keeping (with).
another intellect in the same way, which words
should not be hurtful or false). ~}
-m (acc.) in.
santana (san-tan-a) a. (fr. indeclinable
a Vedic inst. of old + ~ 6.27:) -
-+ yes, correct, truly. always exists, ever existent, eternal;
} sad 1.P. (pr. 5.15.3:, impv. , pot. 3 rd
ancient.
pl. +:, cs. pr. 3rd 1st . +, cs. pot. } santas ([a]s-ant-as) nom. pl. (of } the pr.
+}, cs. ps. pr. +, pr. pt. } 5.15.3:, pp. N pt. of !} be 6.4: & 5.19.4:) (they) being, this
6.6:, in. pt. cs. ~) m+ disintegrate, perish;
participle in its various declensions and numbers is often
!+ put down, sit (esp. at a ritual), sink
employed to turn an accompanying adjective into a
down, be limp, loosen, collapse, bring to an end;
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 santua GITA DICTIONARY (UpasanaYoga.org)

participial expression; : virtuous, saintly. N sannyasta (san-ny-as-ta) pp. (of !}

santua (san-tu-a) pp. (of } ;e be +m+ cast, throw 2.55:) } l: completely
satisfied 2.88: & 2.55:) ; contented, resolute, +- renounced.
-m + !-+ $N N sannyasya (san-ny-as-ya) in. pt. (of !}
m+ + : satisfied (who can +m+ cast, throw 2.55:) } completely
accept as enough the gain or not of the means renouncing.
to sustain the body, whether that gain is N sannysa (san-ny-s-a) (also written @
palatable or not); ;m without longing, free 2.55:) m. (fr. !} +m+
cast, throw 2.55:)
from longing. renunciation (of anythingnot denunciation,
+ sandeha (san-deh-a) m. (fr. } $+ but rather a knowledge-based attitude of total
augment, stain 2.55:) @ doubt. non-dependence and objective acceptance
N sannibha (san-ni-bha) a. (fr. e towards anything); - (as a lifestyle
shine, show oneself 2.55:) usually in cmpd. ~ available in Indian society) taking a vow
(6.24.1:) -; like, similar. releasing one from prescribed societal and
religious duties, -m (as a lifestyle) a life of
N sanniyamya (san-ni-yam-ya) in. pt. (of (non-competition in the society living on) alms
} -m+ exercise authority 6.9: & 2.55:)
(to dedicate ones life for study and
} $@/ completely mastering.
contemplation on brahman), (the
N sannivia (san-ni-vi-a) pp. (of } fourth, and final, of the sanctioned stages of
!+ enter into 2.85: & 2.55:) ! having life/ramas: brahma-carya/studentship, grha-
entered; attaining, being present. stha/house-holding, vna-prastha/retirement
N sannyasana (san-ny-as-ana) n. (fr. !} [lit. living in the woods or forest, e.g. in a
+m+ cast, throw 2.55:) } j} completely forest hermitage, the outskirts of town, or
renouncing. outside the main family housewith or without
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 (UpasanaYoga.org)
one's spouse], and sannysa/renunciation);
(whether a sannysa or karma-yoga lifestyle)
} : (:) complete renunciation of
everything (similar to a mature adults view
towards certain things, like balloons, marbles,
dolls, trash, etc.), -+-l completely
without (i.e., free from) attraction or repulsion
towards anything, --N giving up (the
notion of being a doer and experiencer) of
karman by the knowledge (aham a-kart I am
not the doer, aha na bhokt I am not the
experiencer of the result, even though the body
and mind perform action and experience the
result). ~+l} -yoga-yukttman a.
N-+: , N: !e m
} +: !e ", + N-++ l:
! !:-m@ whose mind is endowed
with sannysa-yoga (renunciation) (since each
action or ritual is viewed as an offering unto the
Me, the Lord, and therefore is an attitudinal
renunciation) and yoga (since it is an action or
ritual) (~~9.2728).
N} sannysin (san-ny-s-in) (also written even, same, equal, in-line (w/inst. or gen.
@} 2.55:) a. (fr. !} +m+ cast, throw 2.55:) 7.9.12: & 7.12.2.b:); } equanimous. ~
GITA DICTIONARY sama
} who complete renounces, a
renunciate; } who has taken to the
lifestyle of a renunciate (the fourth, and final,
stage of a mature life).
} saptan (sapt-an) num. a. n. pl. (4.23.a:)
seven. } sapta maharayas m. pl.
: !: : : : !w: :
the seven great seers/sages (at the beginning of
one, probably the current, of the ages of Manu,
see mahari): Marci, Atra, Pula-ha, Pulastya,
Kratu, Agiras (or Bgu, instead), and Vaiha
(=Vasiha).
sapta (6.29:) in cmpd. ~. ~
-daa ordinal (4.26:) seventeenth.
saptama (sapt-a[n]-ma) ordinal (4.26:)
seventh.
} sam 1.P. !-e+ not be agitated (cf. }),
+ be balanced, be even.
} sam in. prefix + rightly, truly; "+ well; ++
properly; !-++ completely, fully; we together;
+ along with.
sama (sam-a) a. (fr. } + be balanced)
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 samaka GITA DICTIONARY (UpasanaYoga.org)

-cittatva n. -
evenness of mind, minded. ~+ -loma-kcana
equanimity of mind. ~
-t f. - a. +@ ! @ +-
evenness (of attitude toward the result), for whom a lump of clay, a stone,
equanimity. ~
-tva n. - evenness (of and gold are (viewed) the same (way) (i.e.,
attitude toward the result, ~~2.48), sameness objectively as-they-are, not subjectivelythat they all
of buddhi (attitude/understanding) towards all equally belong to the earth, with gold having a variable,
activities and their results; - the nature subjective, transactional value given to it by certain
of seeing sama (brahman/reality as-it-is). ~ societies and different people at different times, but which
-darana a. + -+ + - offers no more inherent security than a rock, nor can it
+ @ +@ e-@ @ @ make one happy).
whose vision (knowledge) (towards all different samaka (sam-ak-a) a. (fr. !} e
things from Lord Brahm to the immovable is reach) (lit. meeting the eye) visible. ~}
that everthing) is the same (undifferentiated -m in. (7.8.8:) } visibly, in the open,
concerning their sole identity in brahman/reality, publicly.
which is I/oneself). ~}-darin a. @ %}
samagra (sam-a[]g-ra) a. (fr. !w} e
!-@ } @ @ who sees the move [upward]) entire, all.
same (one, immutable brahman in all beings).
~: -du-kha-su-kha a. + :-+ samatta (sam-ati-i-ta) pp. (of " e
: -:-e --: for whom go/reach) ! : gone beyond, out of
(reaction to) pain and pleasure is (relatively) the reach; past; ; passed away, died.
same, who is (relatively) the same in pain and samattya (sam-ati-i-tya) in. pt. (of "
pleasure (i.e., neither saddened in pain nor elated ego/reach 6.9:) ! going beyond,
in pleasure). ~p-buddhi a. p: ;: crossing over, exceeding.
whose vision is the same, who is equal- samanta (sam-ant-a) a. (fr. !} +
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 (UpasanaYoga.org)
bind, limit) entire, all. ~!}
-t (abl.)
-tas in. (6.19: & 6.16:) entirely, completely,
on all sides.
samanvita (sam-anv-i-ta) pp. (of "
e attain 2.11:) @l endowed.
samavasthita (sam-ava-sthi-ta) pp.
(of -;e remain 6.6:) } !:
(who/what) remains, is based, is fixed.
+ samaveta (sam-ava-i-ta) pp. (of " e
go 2.8:) assembled.
sam sam f. @ year.
samgata (sam--ga[m]-ta) pp. (of +
} + come together 6.6:)
assembled, gathered.
} samcarat (sam--car-[a]-at) pr. pt. (of
} e move) } performing.
} samdhtum (sam--dh-tum) inf. (of w+ unite 2.81:) N endowed with, united
+ %-m+ bring together) to absorb.
samdhya (sam--dh-ya) in. pt. (of
+ %-m+ bring together) absorbing,
resolving.
samdhi (sam--dh[]-i) m. (fr.
GITA DICTIONARY samvia
~} %-m+ bring together, }Y!m+
(truly, completely) place or hold, some consider the
radical ! to be replaced by ", others that ! weakens to
") + } " that in which (all
experiences or everything) is brought together
or resolved, i.e., the mind (~~2.44)
($Y@), knowledge, the vision of identity
(~~4.24),!} oneself (~~2.53); -
-+ a possible result in meditation (where
the natural appearance of the seer-seen duality,
which in itself is not a problem, is temporarily
dissolved), : % +e-+} having
only the object of meditation in view (without
cognizance of a meditator or of meditating).
~ -stha a. (6.24.1:) e ! : whose
(mind) abides in tman (~~2.54).
l samyukta (sam--yuk-ta) pp. (of j}
with.
samrambha (sam--rambh-a) m. (fr.
} [=}] ++
undertake) m
+ " an undertaking, (starting or
continuing) an activity.
+
samvia (sam--vi-a) pp. (of }
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; samvta GITA DICTIONARY (UpasanaYoga.org)

!+
enter into 2.85:) @ pervaded, samkya (sam-k-ya) in. pt. (of #}
endowed with. + see) seeing.
; samvta (sam--v-ta) pp. (of ; samuttha (sam-ut-tha) a. (fr. -
!+ cover) } !: covered, ;e remain 6.24.1: & 2.99: & 2.42:) gen. in cmpd.
concealed. ~ } $N: arisen, born.
samsa (sam-s-a) m. (fr. !} +m+ cast, p; samuddhart (sam-ud-dhar-t) m. (fr.
throw) w+ brief exposition; } + ; $@ m+ hold or lift up) $p-;
combination; in grammar -: ;} remover, liberator.
%-: a compound of words expressing a p samudbhava (sam-ud-bhav-a) a. (fr.
composite of their separate meanings. ~% } be, $+ become) in cmpd. ~ $
-ena (~+ inst.) ~}
-tas in. w+} in brief. born of, $-j- being the source
} samhartum (sam--har-tum) inf. (of of. p
samudbhava m. $ origin,
/ + destroy 6.10:) to destroy. birth.
samhita (sam--hi-ta) pp. (of + samudyama (sam-ud-yam-a) m. (fr. }
%-m+ bring together 6.6: irreg.) %-; + } $++ prepare) } : great effort,
composed, quelled; }Y!, (truly, undertaking; onset, commencement.
completely) place, hold. samudra (sam-u[n]d-ra) m. (fr. $} ++
samiti (sam-i-ti) f. (fr. " e go) p wet) ocean.
battle. ~ --jaya samiti--jaya (6.32: & 2.55:) samupasthita (sam-upa-sthi-ta) pp.
a. @
j victorious at or in battle. (of } + $ + + -;e arrive 6.6:)
p samiddha (sam-id-dha) pp. (of "} e has come.
shine, kindle 2.76: & 2.78:) } : well- samuprita (sam-upa--ri-ta) pp.
ignited. (of !+ depend on) } !-:
246
 (UpasanaYoga.org) GITA DICTIONARY sammha
completely taken refuge in (w/acc.), completely ; sampravtta (sam-pra-vt-ta) pp. (of
committed to. ;} e
remain) $p occurred, happened;
;p samddha (sam-d-dha) pp. (of &} ;pe $ increase, wax.
thrive or increase 2.76: & 2.78:) $p increased, + samprekya (sam-pra-k-ya) in. pt. (of
thriving, rich, full. ~+
-vega a. ;p: $p: #} + see) looking, gazing.
+: : full speed. sampluta (sam-plu-ta) pp. (of $ e
} sampad (sam-pad) f. (fr. } e attain go over) flooded. ~$ -udaka (~+~) n.
6.24:)
success, attainment; glory, } $} flooded water, water in flood.
greatness, wealth. } sambandhin (sam-bandh-in) a. (fr.
N sampanna (sam-pan-na) pp. (of } e } @+ bind) @l
connected, related.
attain 6.6:) achieved; in cmpd. ~ @l } sambandhin m. family relation,
endowed with. a relative, kin, friend.
} sampayat (sam-pay-[a]-at) pr. pt. (of sambhava (sam-bhav-a) a. (fr.
;} +m+ see 5.15.6:) clearly seeing, knowing, } be, $+ become) in cmpd. ~ $
considering; who sees or knows. born of; " being or occurring
sampta (sam-pt-a) m. (fr. } e go) in, existing in. sambhava m. $
w encounter, collision, battle. origin, birth; existence.

samprakrtita (sam-pra-krt-i-ta) sambhvita (sam-bhv-i-ta) pp. (of cs.

pp. (of ` @+ proclaim 6.6:) well stated.
m+ reflect upon, + honor 6.6:) m.
sampratih (sam-prati-h[]-[a]-) supposition; honor.
f. (fr. ;} e remain) continuance, (in sambhta (sam-bh-ta) pp. (of
the context of being the third along with di/beginning } be, $+ become) j produced, born.
and anta/end) @ middle (continuance). sammha (sam-m[h]-ha) pp. (of }
247
+ sammoha GITA DICTIONARY
e+ be confused 2.107:) confused, deluded.
+ sammoha (sam-moh-a) m. (fr. } e+
be confused) !-+ complete delusion,
confusion.
} samyak (sam-y-a[]k) in. (fr. } turn
in one direction 3.24.a:, } + " + !} which
becomes + !,} hence 2.54: does not apply, so we
dont get @~) + rightly, truly; "+ well, properly;
!-++ completely.
} saras (sar-as) n. (fr. ; e go, flow) +-
@ } natural body of water, lake.
sarga (sar g-a) m. (fr. ;j} + emit 2.82:)
; manifestation (esp. of the universe), the
cycle of manifestation (of the universe), j}
birth.
sarpa (sarp-a) m. (fr. ;} e go, go silently,
creep) jw snake.
sarva (sar-va) prn. a. (fr. ; e go) !-
all, entire; (distributive) any, every. sarva m.
sg. -j: everyone; pl. + j: all, everybody,
every creature. sarva n. sg. -
everything. ~! -artha m. pl. + : all
objects. ~! -rambha m. pl. m
(UpasanaYoga.org)
m all undertakings, all works. ~!-
} -rambha-paritygin a. !+
" !: "--+ -+
m : } @l } ! who
(naturally and) completely renounces (doership
in) all activities (caused by requiring, and for the
sake of experiencing the results here or in the
hereafter ..12.16); ;; m !+
" !: } !} @l } !
who naturally gives up all (extraneous) activities
(to gain things seen and not-yet-seen,
..14.25), giving up all (amending) activities.
~! -carya-maya a. -
mostly all a wonder. ~"m
-indriya-
gubhsa (~+~) a. !:-m-m+-
e: +-me: !-w-m-:
!+ " (!: ) (merely) appearing
as the attributes of all the organs (as the
functioning of the internal and external
organstheir determinations, uncertainties,
hearing, speaking, etc.that are updhis
[incidentals (see bhsa), not conditioning
brahman (reality), ~~13.14]). ~"j
-indriya-vivarjita (~+~) a. e: "e: me:
248
 (UpasanaYoga.org) GITA DICTIONARY sarva
: free from all the organs (i.e., from their confused in all areas of knowledge. ~} -tas
functioning, ~~13.14). ~} -karman n. pl. (see below as separate entry }). ~ -tra (sarva-
m m all actions, any action; -- tra) in. (6.19:) } everywhere; } + at
all (results of) action. ~ all time(s), always; + + in all beings. ~
-karma-phala-tyga m. +@ m@ - -tra-ga (sarva-tra-ga) a. (6.24.3:)
N: giving up (the false notion of the status going everywhere, being everywhere,
of being the author and experiencer of, and the all-pervading, (in absolute terms) locationless.
resulting attachment to) the results of all actions ~ -th (sarva-th) in. (6.19:) -e: in every
(~~12.11, cf. with 2.47 and 18.2). ~ -kma manner or way, in all kinds/types. ~: -du-
m. pl. + : all desires; + -: all kha n. pl. + : all sorrows. ~ -durga n.
objects of desires. ~ -kilbia n. pl. - pl. (6.24.3:) m m @-+-j all
all karmic demerits. ~+ -ketra n. pl. difficulties (the various reasons for sasra).
m +m all body-mind complexes. ~ ~+} -dehin a. or m. pl. + +: all those
-gata a. -} all-pervadingeither who have a body. ~ -dvra n. pl. -:
relatively pervading (like space throughout the all the gates (the sense organs, ~~8.12). ~
universe), or !-+ locationless, not within space -dharma m. pl. + : m--m all
(but from which, in which, and into which actions (good and bad, ~~18.66). ~ -ppa
space/time itself arises-exists-resolves, therefore) n. pl. m all demerit (and merit,
all-pervading; -} -} all ~~10.3 and 18.66, as you cannot be released from
encompassing (said of the Vedas because they one without also being released from the other, the golden
reveal everything necessary, ~~3.15). ~ as well as the iron shackles that bind you to rebirth).
-guhya-tama spv. a. +: } !- ~ -bhva m. being the self of all,
the most secret of all. ~ -jna- being (identical with the) all (the Lord who is
vimha a. + + @ : variously all), the self of all (~~15.19); : : }

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} sarvatas GITA DICTIONARY (UpasanaYoga.org)

all ones being (heart/mind) (~~18.62). ~ everything (as the self/witness of everything,
-bhta n. pl. m all beings, any beings. and as the knower of the one realityas
~ -bhta-stha a. (6.24.1:) + + himself/herself that is everything; not that a
: abiding in all beings. ~
-bhta- wise person knows everything in the universe in
sthita a. + + ;: abiding in all beings. detail, which only can be said of the Lord
~ -bhta-hita n. +@ } through my-akti). ~; -vka m. pl. + ;:
!} the good (or the welfare) of all beings all trees. ~+ -veda m. pl. + +: all the Vedas.
(e.g., a-his/non-injury). ~} ~} -as (sarva-as) in. (lit. each and every
-bhttma-bhttman a. +@ @ - one 6.19:) m: completely, all; -e: in
@ } !-: ! +: every way, in every detail. ~wN}
: ": whose self (the I) (is known) -sakalpa-sannysin a. } w}
as the self of all beings (from the Lord of this "--+} N@ @ who has the
manifestation down to a tuft of grass), i.e., I am disposition to renounce all fancies (which are
the I of all beings. ~ -bhtaya- causes of requiring things here and hereafter,
sthita a. +@ } !+ !/ : i.e., having the ability to see the fancying as it is,
residing in the mind(s) of all beings. ~;}
-bht and let it drop before it blossoms into a
a. (6.24.2:) @ " who sustains all. ~ requirement/binding desire, a rga). ~ -hara
-yaja m. pl. + : all yajas. ~+
-yoni f. a. @ who takes away everything.
pl. : +-; ---;: +: all } sarvatas (sar-va-tas) in. (fr. ; e go
wombs (of gods, ancestors, humans, domestic 6.19: & 6.16:) (lit. from all sides)
animals, wild animals, etc.). ~++ -loka- everywhere, } in all directions. ~!+-
mahevara m. +@ +@ } #: the -aki-iro-mukha (~+{~ 2.24: & 2.32:)
limitless Lord of all worlds. ~}
-vid m. (6.24:) a. : !m @ whose
+ + the one who (as well) knows eyes, heads, and mouths are everywhere

250
 (UpasanaYoga.org) GITA DICTIONARY } skin
(~~13.13). ~} -dptimat (~+~ 2.24 & } sahas (sah-as) n. (fr. } !+ conquer)
2.33:) a. : : ! having light on might, force. ~! - (inst. 7.9.14:) in. +
all sides. ~m -pi-pda (~:~ 2.24:) a. forcefully; %-+ suddenly, all at once; !-}
: m: : !
who has hands and unexpectedly.
feet everywhere (~~13.13). ~} sahasra (sa-hasra) n. - thousand;
-rutimat (~:~ 2.24:) a. : : m+@ -w a large number (of). ~;} -ktvas
} whose sense of hearing is everywhere, in. (4.27:) --m a thousand times. ~
with ears everywhere (~~13.13). -bhu a. -@ : (m. Lord Ka) who
savya (savya) a. left. savya m. has a thousand (countless) arms. ~
left hand (or arm or foot). ~} -scin a. -yuga-paryanta a. -m @
+ (m. Arjuna) who is skilled with the lasting (four) thousands of yugas (i.e., one
left hand, who is left-handed or is ambidextrous. day-time of Lord Brahm, ~~8.17, see pralaya).
} sah 1.. (pp. 6.6:, inf. +} 2.109:) ~} -as in. (6.19: & 4.29:) -e: by the
} endure, forbear, forgive; (in Veda) thousands.
!+ conquer. sa-hita (sa-hi-ta) pp. (of m+ hold
saha (sa-ha) in. (6.19: & 6.16:) -+ : held or placed together; l joined,
6.6:)

together, with; -+ entirely; -;+ similarly; in cmpd. ~ with.

~j
e-+ simultaneously; + suitably. -ja a.
(6.24.3:) j % $N: obtained along with
the very birth itself, natural, inherent.
-deva m. the younger of the twins who were the
youngest of the five sons of Pu through his
second wife Mdr. ~ -yaja a. -
together with yaja.
} skt (sa-ak-a-at ) in. (fr. !} e
reach 7.11.3:) + before ones eyes, directly,
~+ immediately, clearly.
} skin (sa-ak-in) m. (fr. !} e
reach) < the one who sees with his/her
own eyes (akas), eye-witness; @
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 s-gara GITA DICTIONARY (UpasanaYoga.org)

e}
self-luminous conscious being, the lifestyle of renunciation, a renunciate (~~5.5);
witness (of everything in the universevia every w- the name of a later school of
perception, cognition, inference, and philosophy (denying the existence of vara [the Lord]
speculationthe entire universe ever perceived, and the efficacy of ritual, and hence hardly related, and,
remembered, anticipated, inferred, or in fact, opposed, to the skhya and the yoga in the
speculated). Bhagavad Gt, which is instead based on an inquiry
s-gara (s-gar[a]-a) m. (fr. - into the Lord, the world [including ritual], and the self
atmosphere (Vedic meaning), lit. with as found in the Upaniads, which are quoted and
moisture, in mythology King Sa-gara whose paraphrased profusely in the Bhagavad Gt in chapter
descendent brought down the river Gag from heaven 2 in the section dealing explicitly with skhya). ~+
which filled the ocean, blessing the ashes of King Sa- -yoga a. w: " +: m@ whose
garas 60,000 sons who died within the depths of the topic is skhya; m. du. (~+e, ~~5.4) w:
earth, fr. > m+ swallow) ocean. +: both skhya (tattva-jna) and yoga
(karma-yoga).
w skhya (s-khy[]-a) m. (fr. } +
m+ enumerate or group, + tell sci (sc-i) a. (fr. } + be united)
completely 6.24.1: & 2.55:) (lit. related to @l united with, possessed of. } scin in
reckoning/grouping, related to explaining) cmpd. ~ only in -}.
inquiry, knowledge, the teaching; stvika ([a]s-t-tv[a]-ika) a. (f. #) (fr.
!-+ discernment of the self and the } pr. pt. of !} be 6.4: & 5.19.4:) sattv[a]
non-self, + discernment of the real and ic, - connected with sattva, }
the unreal, } +m + what is taught -m-} what is of or
with conviction, i.e., brahman/reality; } one predominantly from sattva-gua, -m-
who has knowledge; N (-) the lifestyle who is predominantly of sattva mental
of a renunciate; N} one who follows a disposition, contemplative. ~ -priya a.
252
 (UpasanaYoga.org) GITA DICTIONARY p siddha
} ":
favorite of contemplative -+
a mantra (here a metrical verse
people, favorite of people when they are that is sung) of the Sma Veda; generally in pl.
contemplative. -+ the whole Sma Veda (1,875 mantras [all
styaki (styak-i) m. son of Satyaka of which are verbatim from the g Veda] in the
who fought on the Pava side. sahita section, i.e., the initial, pure mantra
section without the brhmaa, the ensuing
} sdh 5.P. (pot. ps. pt. ) @pe
internal prose commentary). sma (6.29:)
accomplish.
~+ in cmpd. ~. -veda m. the Sma Veda.
s-dharmya (s-dhar-m[a]-ya) n. (fr. ; smarthya (sm-ar-th[a]-ya) a. (fr. &
m+ support) - - : being
m+ acquire) + suitableness; l ability.
of the same nature.
sdhu (sdh-u) a. (fr. } @pe smsika (sm-s-[a]-ika) n. (fr. !}
+m+ cast, throw) - the aggregate of
accomplish) + good. sdhu m. -
one who is committed to dharma (the compound words.
true-course), } one who follows smya (sm[a]-ya) n. sameness, that
the Vedic teaching, good person, an which is by nature the same (which alone is
accomplished person. ~ -bhva m. brahman, as everything in sasra is never the
being good, (-+ loc., 7.13.1.g:, in the sense same).
of being good ..17.26). si 9.P. + bind, accompany. ~ vi- (}~
sdhya (sdh-ya) pot. ps. pt. (of } @pe 2.101:) bind, etc.
accomplish) to be accomplished. sdhya @ siha (siha) m. (2.104:) +} lion. ~
m. pl. --m-+-+ a group of 12 deities. -nda m. @
: " (like a) lions roar.
} sman (s-man) n. (fr. +V [= p siddha (sid-dha) pp. (of } @pe succeed
5.8.8:] !-m bring to an end or a resolve) 2.76: & 2.78:) m fulfilled, complete, successful;

253
p siddhi GITA DICTIONARY (UpasanaYoga.org)

@; prepared, accomplished. p siddha m. with dharma and the circumstances); !+

pl. : +-+-+: + a class of sages born very much. ~; -kta n. m merit, m-}
(already wise) from deities. ~w -sagha m. pl. virtuous action. ~;; -kta-du-kta n.
p@ : hosts of divine sages. du. m-+ karmic merit and demerit. ~;}
p siddhi (sid-dhi) f. (fr. } @pe succeed -ktin a. m-} who does proper actions,
2.76: & 2.78:) m completion, + complete whose actions are adaptive (in keeping with
freedom; - success, accomplishment, dharma and the circumstances). ~+
-ghoa m.
)-+ maturity (in recognizing what is (: +: pleasant sounding) the name
most important in life); %+ supra-normal of Nakulas conch. ~+m-ghoa-
power (gained by austerities, etc.). ~!p -a- mai-pupaka m. du. -+: m-:
siddhi (~p~) f. du. p: !-p: success the names of the conches of Nakula and Saha-
and/or failure. deva, respectively. ~ -dur-cra a.
} sidh 4.P. (pot. +}, pp. p 2.76: & 2.78:) : ! : whose conduct is
highly improper, whose conduct is mal-adaptive
@pe succeed, prosper. ~ pra- succeed, etc.
(not in keeping with dharma and the
}~ sam- (@~) succeed, etc. circumstances). ~ -dur-dara a. !-
sdanti (sd-anti) pr. 3 pl. (of }
rd
:+ @ very difficult to see. ~
!+ loosen 5.15.3:) are limp. -dur-labha a. !-:+ : whose
su 5.U. (pr. + +, fut. impv. 2nd pl. attainment is very difficult, !- very
} 5.33: exceptional form combining a fut. stem rare. ~ -du-kara a. !-:- very
with an impv. termination) !+ press out (esp. difficult to do. ~ -labha a. !-+
soma juice for yaja); + (;pe $e) : whose attainment is very easy, easily
multiply, procreate. ~ pra- multiply, etc. gained. ~ -sukha a. (6.36:) !- very
su in. fittingly, well, adaptive (in keeping easy.

254
 (UpasanaYoga.org) GITA DICTIONARY /} su-hd
su-kha (su-kha) a. (fr. } !m+
dig wm+ gather 2.24: & 2.27:) m determined. ~}
6.24.3:, originally in ig Veda meaning having a -m in. (7.8.8:) definitely.
Vgood Vaxle-hole, i.e., a smooth ride; or @ su-ra (su-ra) m. (fr. + + give,
easy dig [a very apt, basic agricultural !} who appropriately gives what is
metaphor], also @ } a good space (in the chosen [by ones action] 6.24.1:) + heavenly
heart/mind), cf. :) pleasant, good; - deity. ~"+ -indra-loka (~+~) m. }
easy; ! agreeable.
su-kha n. ": : +: -: +: the world of
pleasure, happiness, !@ N-@ : Lord Indra (the king of the deities), heaven.
agreeable clear state of mind predominated by ~m -gaa m. } : a host of deities.
the sattva principle (not to be confused with ~w -sagha m. } : the host of
emotional elation); -- pleasant situation; deities.
! (=!) fulfillment, fullness (called * su-virha (su-vi-r-ha) pp. (of )}
moka, the very nature of tman). ~"}
-in
(~}) a. -@ : ! ! happy. ~% j -j + grow, appear 2.107:) -;
very firm, well entrenched. ~ -mla a. -
-ena (~+ inst.) ~} -m (acc.) in. !+
; whose roots are well
without effort, effortlessly, easily. ~:
-du-
entrenched.
kha n. du. (~+) -@ :-@ pleasure and
pain, the pleasant and the unpleasant; pl. - /} su-hd (su-h-d) m. (fr. / m+ convey m+
:- pleasures and pains, pleasant and acquire) /@ one who has a benevolent
unpleasant situations. ~: -du-kha- heart/mind, kind-hearted, } !+:
saja a. (6.24.1:) -:-e known $} who helps without anticipating/
as pleasure and pain. ~w
-saga m. - requiring anything in return, a natural friend.
w: attachment to pleasure. ~+
-mitry-
udnna-madhya-stha-dveya-bandhu
su-nicita (su-ni-ci-ta) pp. (of
(~~) m. pl. -/}--!-$---+-
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 s GITA DICTIONARY (UpasanaYoga.org)

the kind-hearted (su-hd), friends, enemies, statement of a principle or rule); -m

acquaintances, mediators (madhya-stha), the outline, plan. ~"}
-in (~}) a. } ! !
hateful, and kin. having a thread.
s 4.. (pr. +) m-+ beget, bear } sd 1.. @} destroy (also cs. or 10.U.).
offspring. 6.P. +m+ set in motion, impel. sdana (sd-ana) n. (fr. } @+ destroy)
} sc 10.U. e+ u!}Y++v point out, destroying; a. @ + who destroys,
indicate; betray. destroyer (~! in sense of agent 6.26:).
skma (sk-ma) a. (fr. } e+ srya (sr-ya) m. (fr. ; [=}]
!}Y++ point out, indicate 2.80:)! small, !m ++:
resound, praise, heat/shine,
subtle (in two aspects: anta-stha [in-most, central, weakening to $ cf. 2.3.a:) - sun. ~
elemental, basic, substrative] and dur-vijeya -sahasra n. m@ -} a thousand suns.
[difficult to grasp or understand]). ~
-tva n. ; s 1.P. (pp. ;) e go, run, flow, blow. ~
- subtle nature, being subtle. pra- go, etc.; + reach out, extend. }~
sta (s-ta) m. (fr. +m+ set in motion) - sam- (@}~ 2.55:) go, etc.
charioteer, a driver. ~ -putra m. (Kara) ;j} sj 6.P. (pr. ;j, pr. pt. ;j}, pp. ; 2.81: &
the great warrior fighting against the Pavas 2.88:, in. pt. ; ~;j) + emit,
2.81: & 2.88:
(who was thought to be a son of a chariot release, issue, manifest, $+ effect, bring
driver, but was actually the older brother to the about. $}~ ud- (~;~ 2.24:) emit, etc.; + cast
Pavas). away, give up. ~ vi- (}~ 2.101: no change to }
stra (s-tra) n. (poss. connected with } because of radical &) emit, etc.; + cast away, give
-+ sew, join) thread, string; up.
Y revealing statement, -w- a ; sti (s-ti) f. (fr. ; e move) ()
concise statement (used as a memorable path.
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 (UpasanaYoga.org) GITA DICTIONARY e sau-bhadra
; sa (s-a) pp. (of ;j} + emit 2.81: & seek or take to, serving.
2.88:) $ manifested, produced, projected. e sainya (sai-n[a]-[]-ya) n. sg. (fr. +
; sv (s-v) in. pt. (of ;j} + emit bind, accompany) +@ : army, e:
2.81: & 2.88:) $ manifesting, producing, troops, soldiers.
projecting (} ; } %} [sa tm + so (= 5.8.8:, this root is also treated as if it is
(the limitless self)] projected that [ida sarvam was + bind hence cs. sy-aya-ti)
(the entire universe)], and entered into that 4.P. (pp. 6.6:) !-m bring to an end/
itself, e~$~2.6). resolve. ~ vyava- bring to an end/resolve.
+sen (se-n[a]-) f. (fr. + bind, +} sohum (so-hum) inf. (of } }
accompany) army. ~ -n (senn) m. endure 2.109:) to bear, to endure, to withstand,
(declines like fem. #, with a few exceptional forms) (lit. to be patient.
army-leader fr. m+) +@ "
+: +-: army-commander.
+ soma (so-ma) m. (fr. !+
press,
extract) extracted juice of plants, sap or
+} sev 1.. (pr. ++) !m+ resort to; j+ essence of plants; +-e the soma-lat
choose, seek, worship, serve. $~ upa- resort plant (a creeper plant whose certain identity has since
to, etc.; $++ indulge in, consume, experience. been lost, or which no longer exists), the beverage
+ sev (sev-[a]-) f. (fr. +} j+ seek) j made from it that was used in the ancient Soma
seeking, worship, serving; ! following. ritual; moon, -+ the deity that is the
+ sevitva (sev-i-tva) n. (fr. +} j+ seek) moon. ~ -pa a. (6.24.1:) +@ one who
usually in cmpd. ~ +@ } ! who has the drinks soma (i.e., who participates in rituals).
disposition to resort to, resorting to. e saukmya (saukm[a]-ya) n. -
+} sevin (sev-in) a. (fr. +} j+ seek) +@ being subtle (i.e., being anta-stha [in-most,
} ! " who has a nature or habit to central, elemental, basic, substrative],

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 e sau-bhadra GITA DICTIONARY (UpasanaYoga.org)

~~13.32). stabdha (stab-dha) pp. (of } ;@ m+

e sau-bhadra (sau-bha[n]d-r[a]-[]-a) m. make firm 2.76: & 2.78:) !-m} not able to
(fr. Vedic } + be praised) -: !} bend/bow (physically or mentally), stiff,
the son of Su-bhadra (another wife of Arjuna) pompous.
by the name of Abhimanyu. He fought on the } stabh (=}) 9.P. (pp. 2.76: & 2.78:,
Pava side. in. pt. ~ 6.9: & 6.6:) ;@ m+ make firm,
e sauma-datti (sau-ma-dat-t[a]-i) m. (fr. support, sustain; + resist, check, -m+
+ !+
press, extract + pp. of + control. !~ ava- make firm, etc. ~
vi-
give 6.6: irreg.) +- !} the son of (}~ 2.101:) make firm, etc. }~
sam- (@~)
Soma-datta (Bhri-ravas), who fought on Dur- make firm, etc.
yodhanas side. stu 2.U. (pr. pl. 2.67:) e praise.
e saumya (sau-m[a]-ya) a. (fr. !+ stuti (stu-ti) f. (fr. e praise) @
press, extract) +: -+ ! of the moon- praise.
deity, cool and moist (opposed to hot and arid), + stena (ste-na) m. (fr. e [= 5.8.8:] ++
placid, agreeable, pleasing, dear. ~ -tva n. e- cover, encircle, act stealthily) + thief.
benevolence, cheerfulness (that also str (str) f. (3.37:) female, female of any
manifests in ones appearance, ~~17.16).
species, -* female form (of anything,
~}
-vapus a. e@ N@ : +: with a
including words).
pleasing form.
skanda (skand-a) m. (fr. } e leap cmpd.
stha a. (fr. -;e remain) only in
~ (6.24.1:) " what remains in,
upon, assail) +-+- the commander of the
} : abiding in, obtaining in.
celestial army, Lord Su-brahmaya, son of Lord
iva. sth 1.P. (sometimes . after certain prefixes) (pr.
~+ 5.15.4:, impv. 5.15.4:, fut. , cs.
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 (UpasanaYoga.org)
pr. 5.40: cs. impv. 5.40:, pr. pt. }
5.15.4:, pp. 6.6:, in. pt. 6.9: & 6.6: ~,
in. pt. cs. 6.9: & 5.40: ~ 6.9: & 5.40:,
inf. }) -;e remain, stand; cs. !+
place, set, station. !~ anu- (!}~ 2.101:)
!}~ remain in accord with, follow. !}~
abhyud- (!}~ 2.99: & 2.24:) $@~ arise.
!~ ava- }~ stand still, remain, abide;
!+ be based, be centered on or in. !~ -
remain, etc.; !+ resort to, !}~ follow;
!+} regard as; ;e proceed, !+m+
mount, attain. $}~ ud- ($}~ 2.99: & 2.24:)
$@~ stand up (impv. 2nd sg. $ get up), arise.
$~ upa- !}~ stand within, on or near.
~ paryava- . +~ be well established.
~ prati- (}~ 2.101:) +m~ be
established. ~ vi- (}~ 2.101:) ++m~ remain
present, abide. ~ vyava- . }~ stand still,
remain. ~ samava- }~ stand still,
remain. ~ samupa- +~ stand beside,
arrive. ~ svanu- (}~ 2.101:) m+
!}~ follow/practice virtuously or well.
m sthu (sth-u) a. (fr. -;e
remain) stationary, stable. m sthu n.
GITA DICTIONARY sthvara
a post.
sthna (sth-ana) n. (fr. -;e
remain) continued existence; !
abode, place, sphere, occasion; ; station,
rank, status; home, settlement; j
receptacle. ~% -e (~+ loc.) in. (lit. in place)
l} properly, rightly, it is proper (that).
} sthnin (sth-an[a]-in) a. (fr. -
;e
remain) } ! ! " having a
place, having an existence.
sthpayitv (sth-p-ay[a]-i-tv) in.
pt. (of cs. -;e remain 6.9: & 5.40:)
@ ; placing, having placed.
sthvara (sth-vara) a. (fr. -
;e remain) !-- stationary,
immobile. sthvara m. mountain;
m. n. pl. ; - immovable beings
(such as rooted plants). ~jw -jagama n. sg.
or pl. @ jw@ immobile and/or mobile
beings (immobile in this cmpd. can mean either all
immobile living beings, such as rooted plants
this context being about sasra [transmigratory
existence], or it can more generally mean all objects
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 sthita GITA DICTIONARY (UpasanaYoga.org)

that lack self-locomotion, including rocks and firmly resolve to; solid, firm; --
plantsthis context being about viva [the entire } long lasting. ~p
-buddhi a.
universe]). p: whose knowledge is
sthita (sthi-ta) pp. (of -;e without doubts. ~}
-m in. (7.8.8:) !-}
remain 6.6:) seated, standing, steady, steadily. ~
-mati a. --
firm, established, remaining. ~-dh a. : whose knowledge (regarding reality
: whose wisdom is firm. ~ which knowledge alone can be unwavering, as
-praja a. (6.24.1:) !@ ! @ all other knowledge is conditional, relative, and
" whose wisdom is firm (i.e., subject to denial) is firm.
that I am the limitless realityany other e sthairya (sthai-r[a]-ya) n. (fr. -
knowledge being relative, subject to dismissal/ ;e remain) - steadfastness; (as a
negation in the past/future or in other value) +-+ % ;-}
conditions); +-p steadfastness only in the pursuit of complete
who has a well-discerned wisdom regarding freedom (which amounts to sannysa
the means to reyas. [renunciation]), (otherwise, in Arjunas situation)
sthiti (sthi-ti) f. (fr.
-;e steadfastness in the pursuit of dharma (as a yoga,
remain) being, existing; ! state, a means leading to freedom).
condition; ! continuance, staying; snigdha (snig-dha) pp. (of } ++ be oily
committed lifestyle, pursuit, commitment. 2.108:) +} oily.

sthitv (sthi-tv) in. pt. (of
;e remain 6.9: & 6.6:) remaining.
sthira (sthi-ra) a. (fr. -;e
remain) unwavering, not moving, (w/inf.)
- } snih 4.P. (pp. 2.108:) ++ be oily, cling;
e be affectionate. !~ abhi- be
affectionate.
spara (spar-a) m. (fr. ;} @+ touch)
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 (UpasanaYoga.org)
@
contact, touch; ;+ " what is
contacted, pl. : sense objects.
sparana (spar-ana) n. (fr. ;} @+ ;
touch) @ touch, touching;
sense of touch.
;} sp 6.P. (pr. pt. ;}) @+ touch.
; spa (sp-a) a. (fr. ;} @+ touch) in remember) @-!: -+: a type of
cmpd. ~ ;" touching, reaching to.
GITA DICTIONARY sva
remember; !+ contemplate. anu-!~
contemplate. }~
sam- (@~) remember, etc.
smta (sm-ta) pp. (of ; }
+ the remember) remembered, brought to
mind, considered, cited.
; smti (sm-ti) f. (fr. ; }
knowledge based on a (previous) mental

;} spat (sp-[a]-at) pr. pt. (of ;} @+ impression, memory, recognition. ~@

-bhraa m. ;+: @: !: loss or failure
touch) touching.
of memory. ~-vibhrama m. ;+: @:
;} sph 10.U. #} desire. failure of memory.
; sph (sph-[a]-) f. (fr. ;} #} syandana (syand-ana) m. (fr. }
desire) ;m longing, craving, attraction. m+ run) war-chariot.
sma encl. pcl. for emphasis; gives a present tense verb } syt ([a]s-yt) pot. 3 sg. (of !} be
rd

a past tense meaning 7.21.1.b:. 5.19.4:) (he/she/it/who) would be, would

} smarat (smar-[a]-at) pr. pt. (of ; follow.
} remember) remembering; meditating } syus ([a]s-yus) pot. 3 rd
pl. (of !} be)
upon. (they) would be.
smi 1.. (pp. ) #+ smile (lit. slight @} sras 1.. (pr. @+ 2.104:) !:-+ fall
laugh). ~ vi- be in awe. down, slip down, sink.
; sm 1.P. (pr. , impv. , pot. +}, pr. +} srotas (sro-tas) n. (fr. e move)
pt. }, pp. ;, in. pt. ~; 6.9:) } flowing water, river.
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 sva GITA DICTIONARY (UpasanaYoga.org)

sva (sva) prn. a. (f. !) (4.15: & 4.16.3:) j kin and friend (bandhu). ~
-bhva m.
(in-born) my (or our, your, his, etc.) own, disposition, natural tendency; : : -:
ones own, inherent, natural. ~! -*: essential nature, natural constitution; :
-adhyya m. & reciting to oneself the : its/his/her/my nature, its/his/her/my
Veda texts. ~! -adhyya-jna- mind; # ;: -m the
yaja a. : : : -: @ (manifest) nature (of the totality, of the Lord),
-} : : -: who as mother nature. ~j
-bhva-ja a. (6.24.3:)
a yaja (worship) recites Veda and/or who j-;--@: -: : j:
studies the meaning of the scripture. born from the minds latent tendency (formed
~! -adhyybhyasana n. from just and unjust acts done in [this and]
!} (daily) reciting to oneself previous births), born of the minds disposition,
the Veda texts (in the prescribed manner). ~ born of mother nature (# ;: -
-ka prn. a. (cf. 4.15:) ones (his/her/its) own. ~
m ). -bhva-niyata a.
~} -karman n. : ones own -+ : enjoined according to ones
duty. ~ -karma-nirata a. m disposition. ~ -bhva-prabhava a.
: dedicated or devoted in ones own duty. -} : arising from its disposition
~} -cakus n. @ : ones own or from mother nature (# ;: -
eye(s), ones own vision. ~j -jana m. ~
m ). -stha a. (6.24.1:) + !
j: ones own people, j: my people : N: the one who abides in himself/
(~~1.28). ~+j} -tejas n. @ +j: ones/ herself (contented).
my own heat/light/radiance. ~ -dharma m. svadh (sva-dh) f. (poss. fr. - nectar, fr.
} ones own duty (within society + [ 5.8.8:] + drink or fr. } !+
by birth, upbringing, or disposition). ~ taste) !N@ : } + the food offered to
-bndhava m. : ones (my/our) own the ancestors (in the rd-dha ceremony).

262
 (UpasanaYoga.org) GITA DICTIONARY ; sv
sv-anuhita (sv-anu-hi-ta) pp. (of sing, what is sung about in Vedic accent/
-;e remain 6.6: & 2.101:) }-m+ svarita; or fr. + &j} attain good 2.82:)
: well (virtuously) performed; + -+ heaven (of which there are said to be six
: enjoyably performed. temporary abodes above the ordinary physical universe
} svap 2.P. (pr. pt. }) + lie down, esp. [bh-loka]. They are: suvar-loka, svar-loka, mahar-
sleep. loka, janar-loka, tapar-loka, satya-loka, and
brahma-loka, in successively more pleasant order. These
} svapat (svap-at) pr. pt. (of } + lie worlds are not physical and dont decay, unlike bh-
down, esp. sleep) sleeping.
loka [the physical universe], but are subtle, of the same
svapna (svap-na) m. (fr. } + lie down, nature as the mind and the dream world, [so above
esp. sleep) sleep; - dreaming, has no physical sense, but rather means better], and
day-dreaming; -; dream. the inhabitants likewise have only an appropriate subtle
} svayam (sva-y-am) in. reflex. prn. (4.14:) body, like a dream body, to experience what that heaven
!} (w/nom. sense) oneself (my/him/her/ provides). ~ -dvra n. } gate (or
your/itself), (w/inst. sense) by oneself etc., (w/gen. door) of heaven. ~ -para a. : : -
sense) ones own etc.; !+ without effort, ): having heaven as the ultimate
easily, naturally, spontaneously. (goal). ~+ -loka m. : " +: the world
} svar in. (fr. ; [=}] ++: (of experience) called heaven.
resound/praise or heat/shine) heaven. sv-alpa (sv-alpa) a. ! !: very little.
~ -gati f. - going to heaven. sv-asti (su-asti) in. (fr. !} be, +
svar-ga (svar-ga[m]) m. (} heaven/ ! lit. it is good) +} well-being (often used
shining space fr. ; [=}] ++: as a greeting, a farewell, or a prayer in the sense of
resound/praise or heat/shine + ~ fr. } e ! let there be well-being).
attain 6.24.3:, or per Paninian grammar fr. e + ; sv (=}) 1.P. + resound, praise; $+
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 ha GITA DICTIONARY (UpasanaYoga.org)

heat, shine. } hantum (han-tum) inf. (of } @}

ha encl. pcl. a slight expletive. destroy) to kill, to destroy.

hata (ha[n]-ta) pp. (of } @} destroy ; hant (han-t) a. or m. (fr. } @}

6.6:) killed, being killed, destroyed; what is destroy) -: doer of the act of
destroyed, the object being destroyed. destroying, the agent of destroying, killer.

hatv (ha[n]-tv) in. pt. (of } @} hanyamna (han-ya-mna) pr. ps. pt. (of
destroy 6.9: & 6.6:) killing. }
@} destroy) being killed.
} han 2.P. (rarely .) (pr. , impv. j ja-hi haya (hay -a) m. (fr. e set in motion)
5.19.5: & 5.6.a:, pot. 3rd pl. : 1st sg. }, fut. . ! horse.
1st +, ps. pr. + ps. impf. 3rd pl. !, cs. pr. hara (har-a) a. (fr. / m+ take) only in cmpd.
5.40:, pr. pt. } 6.4: & 5.19.5:, pr. ps. pt. ~ " what takes (away, to itself, etc.).
, pp. 6.6:, in. pt. 6.9: & 6.6: ~ 6.9:, hari (har -i) m. (fr. / m+ take away)
inf. }) @} destroy, kill, injure; + beat, " (Lord Ka) the one who (or whose grace)
strike; ps. be killed, etc. !~ abhi- + strike, destroys (all karmic demerit [ppa]).
beat; + sound (a musical instrument). $~ hara (har-a) m. (fr. /} e be pleased)
upa- destroy, etc.; !+ overpower. ~ vi-
joy; "-j happiness arising from
destroy, etc. ~ pra- destroy, etc. }~ sam-
gaining something pleasant, elation, exultation.
w+ strike together, join together. ~!++ -a-mara-bhayodvega m. pl.
} han a. (fr. } @} destroy) in cmpd. ~ : -+ !:-m $: +-
(6.24:) (nom. sg. ~ 3.21:) " what destroys. -w: , !-: !-m , @ :
hanta (hanta) interj. expressing + well , $+: $ elation (the extreme
now (starting off a discussion); + joy; !} exultation of the mind upon the gain of
sympathy; + grief; !e trouble. something pleasant, and indicated by bristling of
264
 (UpasanaYoga.org) GITA DICTIONARY hna
body hairs, shedding tears, etc.), intolerance, body]) loss, destruction.
fear, and anxiety. ~+
-oknvita a. hi 5.P. +m+ impel, ;pe promote.
"-e :, !-e "-++ +:, hi (hi) pcl. never begins a sentence or pda, like an
} !: @l: subject to elation (upon enclitic, !m+ for emphasis; : because; +-
gaining the pleasant) and sorrow (upon gaining
m+ often employed just to avoid a hiatus, or to obtain a
the unpleasant or losing the pleasant).
long vowel for meter.
mharaa (har-aa) a. (fr. /} e be
@} his 7.P. (2.104:) (pr. 5.3.h:) @}
pleased) - thrilling. m haraa n.
destroy.
joy, elation.
} havis (hav-is) n. (fr. + offer) ;- @destroy
his (his-[a]-) f. (fr. @} @}
2.104:) m@ } (deliberately, for
-- anything to be offered (into the
your own sake,) hurting any living being
ritual fire like ghee, etc.), an oblation.
(including your own body or mind). ~!
}has 1.P. (pr. pt. }) + laugh, laugh -tmaka (f. ~
) a. ----
(gently), smile. ~ pra- laugh. whose nature is to hurt/injure (another being or
hasta (hasta) m. m hand; m trunk of an oneself).
elephant (which it uses like a hand). ~"} -in hita (hi-ta) pp. (of m+ place 6.6: irreg.)
(~}) a. : ! ! having a hand/trunk; placed; ! beneficial, good. ~
m. j an elephant. -kmy f. + desire for (your) benefit.
h 3.U. (pr. j 5.8.3: j+ 5.20.3: & .4:, fut. hitv (hi-tv) in. pt. (of + abandon
,
pp. 6.6:, in. pt. ~) P. + 6.9:) disregarding, abandoning.
abandon; . e move. ~
pari- abandon. ~ hima (hima) a. cold. hima n.
pra- abandon. ~
vi- abandon.
snow. ~! -laya m. the
hni (h-ni) f. (fr. + abandon [the snowy Himlaya mountains.
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 hna GITA DICTIONARY (UpasanaYoga.org)

hna (h-na) pp. (of + abandon 6.6:) withdraw (into oneself), take or gather together.
lacking, without (w/inst.). ~ sam- -m+ withdraw, collect; +
hu 3.P. (pr. sg. j+ 5.8.3: pl. j 5.8.3: & destroy.
5.6.c: & 2.11:, pp. ) + offer; @ m+ perform / hta (h-ta) pp. (of / m+ convey) taken
ritual. $~ upa- offer, etc. away, robbed. ~ -jna a. !/-+-
huta (hu-ta) pp. (of + offer) offered. whose (discrimination and assimilation of
huta n. an oblation; - the act of his/her) knowledge is (or has been) robbed
offering (e } [the act of offering is also away.
brahman], ~~4.24). ~! -a m. } /} hd (h-d) n. (fr. / m+ convey m+ acquire)
! " !: (lit. who consumes the ! the interior, the center of an individual;
oblation) fire. !:-m the mind (interior organ of thinking);
/ h 1.U. (pr. ~+, ps. pr. + 5.37.3:, pr. pt. /m the physical heart. ~+ -dea m. /:
}, pp. /, pot. ps. pt. 6.8:, in. pt. ~/ 6.9:, inf. p: +: place or seat of the intellect. ~
} 6.10:) m+ convey, take (with the context and -stha (~ 2.42:) a. (6.24.1:) / pe :
the sense of the prefix determining whether to take to rooted in the intellect.
someone, take to oneself, take from another, etc.), / hdaya (h-d-aya) n. (fr. / m+ convey,
m+ acquire, gain, -m+ take as ones own, m+ acquire) ! the interior, the center of
take into oneself, take to, e+ steal; + an individual; !:-m the mind (interior
destroy (take away life). !~ apa- e+ take or organ of thinking); /m the physical heart
steal away. !~ - m+ acquire. $~ud- (lit. (prior to brain surgery experimentation, usually
bring out) speak, call. $~
upa- + considered to be the central location for the
bring, offer, take near. ~ pari- j+ subtle, intangible, and therefore locationless
avoid, abstain. ~ vy- (lit. bring out) mind, and is frequently used as the locus of
speak, call. }~ sam- (@~ 2.54:) -m+ meditation). ~e
-daur-balya n. /
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 (UpasanaYoga.org) GITA DICTIONARY hr
e@ l-: weakness of heart (i.e., + he inj. (6.21:) ++ for addressing, usually before a
weakness of mind). vocative.
/ hdya (h-d-ya) a. (fr. / m+ convey m+ + hetu (he-tu) m. (fr. +m+
impel, ;pe
acquire) /- pleasing to the mind. promote) instrumental cause, factor,
/} h 4.P. (pr. /, pot. /+}, pp. / 2.88: or m (material) cause; ! purpose, motive,
/) e be pleased, be happy, rejoice; , sake; reason, reasoning. ~}
-mat a. l-
++ incite the mind, be elated. ~ pra- be l having reasoning, with logic.
pleased, etc. e haituka (hai-tu-ka) a. (fr. +m+ impel,
/ hita (h-i-ta) pp. (of /} e be pleased ;pe promote) +: having a cause or reason.
6.6:) pleased. hr (hr) f. (fr. o} be modest) o
/+ hkea (h-ka--a) m. (/ modesty.
sense(s) fr. /} ++ incite the mind, # fr.
#} %++ rule) /m} "m} #: (Lord
Ka) lord of the senses (an allusion to Ka
as chariot driver [the informed intellect
(buddhi)] holding the reins [the mind (manas)]
controlling the horses [the senses (indriyas)],
and instructing Arjuna [the chariot master, the
individual (jiva)], cf. ~$~3.39).
/ ha (h-a) pp. (of /} e be pleased 2.88:)
thrilled. ~+} -roman a. / +m
whose (body) hairs are standing on end
(thrilled).
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