U.S.

Department of Justice Revised 9/29/00

Office of Justice Programs

Bureau of Justice Statistics

Special Report
January 2000, NCJ 178888

Veterans in Prison or Jail

By Christopher J. Mumola
BJS Policy Analyst Highlights
Over 225,000 veterans held in Nation’s prisons or jails in 1998
In 1998 there were an estimated
25,062,400 veterans in the United Estimated number $ 1 in every 6 incarcerated veterans
of veteran inmates were not honorably discharged from
States population, including 225,700
1985 1998
veterans held in the Nation’s prisons the military.
Prison 100,200 156,400
and jails. Males comprised 95% of all
Local jail 54,400 69,300 $ About 20% of veterans in prison
veterans and 99% of those veterans in
or jail reported seeing combat duty
prison and jail. Among adult males in Percent of inmates during their military service.
1998, there were 937 incarcerated reporting military service
Prison 1986 1997
veterans per 100,000 veteran Federal 24.9% 14.5% $ In 1998, an estimated 56,500
residents, up from 571 per 100,000 in State 20.2 12.5 Vietnam War-era veterans and 18,500
1985. Despite the increase, male 1983 1996
Persian Gulf War-era veterans were
veterans were incarcerated at less than Local jail 21.2% 11.7% held in State and Federal prisons.
half the rate of adult male nonveterans
Veterans more likely than others to be in prison for a violent offense
(1,971 per 100,000) in 1998.
but less likely to be serving a sentence for drugs
Since 1985 the number of U.S. veter- State prisoners, 1997 $ About 35% of veterans in State
ans has declined by nearly 3 million, an Offense Veterans Nonveterans prison, compared to 20% of non-
average decline of 1% per year. The Violent 55.1% 46.1% veterans, were convicted of homicide
Property 20.3 22.2 or sexual assault.
number of male veterans dropped from Drug 14.4 21.5
26,962,000 in 1985 to 23,834,100 in Public-order 10.2 9.8 $ Veterans (30%) were more likely
1998, while the number of female than other State prisoners (23%)
veterans rose from 1,044,700 to Average maximum sentence to be first-time offenders.
1,228,300. The number in prison or jail Violent 264 mo 214 mo
Property 123 116$ Among violent State prisoners, the
rose from 154,600 in 1985 to 225,700 Drug 118 107average sentence of veterans was 50
in 1998, an increase of 46%. However, Public-order 86 79months longer than the average of
during this period the number of nonveterans.
nonveteran inmates rose 172%. Veter- Veterans in State prison reported higher levels of alcohol abuse,
ans accounted for 12% of all inmates lower levels of drug abuse, than other prisoners
in 1998, down from 21% in 1985.
$ Veterans in State prison (26%) were
State prisoners, 1997 less likely than other State prisoners
These data are based on interviews Veterans Nonveterans (34%) to report having used drugs at
with national samples of inmates. In Drug use in month
before offense
the time of their offense.
responses to the 1997 Survey of 45.4% 58.1%
Inmates in State and Federal Correc- Alcohol dependent 30.6% 23.6% $ Nearly 60% of veterans in State
tional Facilities and the 1996 Survey of Identified as prison had driven drunk in the past,
Inmates in Local Jails, inmates mentally ill 19.3% 15.8% compared to 45% of other inmates.
provided information on their military Homeless at some $ About 70% of veterans, compared
time in 12 months
service, as well as their criminal history to 54% of other State prisoners, had
before arrest 12.4% 10.3%
and personal background. been working full-time before arrest.
 
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