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Something is Rotten in the State of Denmark


For each character, cite quotes and other evidence (commentary ok too) of their motives and intrigues. Whats REALLY
going on with these people? What are the possibilities? Quote chosen (Act, Scene, Line #s) eg: Hamlet: No (III, i, 96)

Act Hamlet Claudius Gertrude Polonius

Act I Hamlet, at the beginning of Claudius, having married The evidence presented in The father of both Ophelia
the play, is the most sane Gertrude and become king, Act I regarding Gertrude is and Laertes certainly has
he will ever be. He is still has achieved his goals, ambiguous at best, but first quite a lot to say in the first
grieving not just for his whether that be to do his impressions can reveal a lot act of Hamlet. Prior to
father, but for what could duty and keep the kingdom about a person. When she Laertes leaving for France,
have been if Claudius alive or murder his brother meets with Hamlet, she he bestows some wise
hadnt become king. He is to be with Gertrude and urges him, Do not forever advice upon his son, leaving
certainly not friendly steal the throne, but is with thy vailed lids seek for him off with ...to thine own
towards his uncle, calling aware of the threat that thy noble father in the dust. self be true, and it must
him A little more than kin Hamlet poses to him. He Thou knowst tis common; follow, as the night the day,
and less than kind (I, I, could, indeed, be the all that lives must die, thou canst then not be false
67), amongst other asides, murderer of Hamlets father passing through nature to to any man (I, III, 84-86).
but has no concrete goal to and is trying to cover his eternity (I, II, 72-75). Like The monologue of advice
usurp him. When he hears tracks and rid himself of Claudius, she urges him to he gives his son is rather
of his fathers ghost, he threats. He states, Tis let his grief for his father go, lengthy, showing that he
states, Would the night sweet and commendable in stating that everyone dies at cares for and worries about
were come! Till then, sit your nature, Hamlet, to give some point. The contrast Laertes well-being.
still, my soul (I, II, 278- these mourning duties to between Hamlets However, his words are true
279). He is eager to meet your father (I, II, 90-92), seemingly neverending grief and knowledgeable. When
the spirit and discover its before informing him that he and Gertrudes calmness is Laertes takes his leave,
message. Hes also should get over his grief. stark and makes one Polonius asks what he said
extremely ignorant about Claudius treats Hamlet like wonder why she is so cool to Ophelia, showing his
the situation and itches to a small child, constantly and collected about the nosiness. She states that it
know more, as shown being kind to him. He is also situation. She speaks little was about Hamlet, and
when he says, O, answer urging Hamlet to forget his in comparison to Claudius; Polonius asks, What is
me! Let me not burst in grief, as he may know what when she does speak, she between you? Give me up
ignorance, but tell why thy he could discover if he restates what he already the truth (I, III, 107). Upon
canonized bones, hearsed searches enough. Claudius said, saying I pray thee, hearing that his daughter
in death, have burst their could also simply be a stay with us. Go not to and Hamlet have been
cerements; why the loving uncle who cares for Wittenberg (I, II, 123). This spending a fair amount of
sepulcher, wherein we saw his nephew and son. He gives off the image of a time together and that the
thee quietly interred, Hath could know the detrimental submissive wife, a dumb prince had been offering
oped his ponderous and effects grief could have on a woman that allows her man gifts and vows to her, he
marble jaws to cast thee up person and wish to keep to do all of the talking. It is disapprovingly lectures her
again (I, IV, 50-56). The Hamlet as healthy as unclear whether thats what about how he is using her.
situation truly is no small possible. However, this she wants everyone to think He tells her, In few,
cause of stress, but how could be the impression he and is secretly the Ophelia, do not believe his
little he knows is a large is trying to give off; he is mastermind behind the vows, for they are brokers,
contributor as well. As of smart. He knows what is monarchy, or if thats who not of that dye which their
now, his only wish is to dangerous and how to she truly is. investments show, but mere
learn. As a scholar, he handle it. He reassures implorators of unholy suits
knows that without Hamlet, You are the most (I, III, 135-138). He is
information, smart changes immediate to our throne, against a relationship
cannot be made. After he and with no less nobility of forming between the two
speaks to the ghost, his love (I, II, 113-114), youngsters, and is not afraid
motive changes and he reminding him that although to broadcast his opinion. He
makes it his goal to take he stole the throne, he is cares more about his own
revenge on his uncle for still next in line. He also reputation being soiled than
the murder of his father. asks Hamlet to remain here his anything else, warning
in the cheer and comfort of Ophelia not to tender me a
our eye, our chiefest fool (I, III, 118). Polonius,
courtier, cousin, and our from his dialogue in the first
son (I, II, 119-121). act, appears to be a father
Claudius asks this not to thats overly involved in his
spend time with his son, but childrens lives for his own
to keep an eye on him. benefit. From his advice, he
Claudius is a calculating seems to be rather
and cunning man who is intelligent, but he cares
attempting to navigate the about himself more than his
feelings and thoughts of a kids.
grieving son.

Act II Hamlets madness has In the second act, Claudius Gertrude contributes more Polonius gives off the image
progressed when he enters welcomes Rosencrantz and to Act 2 than she did to Act of a foolish old man in Act 2
in Act 2. He mistakes Guildenstern, explaining the 1. She welcomes while trying to promote his
Polonius for a fishmonger, purpose for the hasty Guildenstern and own wishes. His word
which has a double summoning. He admits Rosencrantz with her choice gives him the air of a
meaning. He could be What it should be, more husband, and proves rattling father; when he is
legitimately insane, or he than his fathers death, that herself to be more intelligent describing the players to
could be accusing Polonius thus hath put him so much than she first appeared. Hamlet, he says, The best
of selling his daughter like from th understanding of Claudius mixes up the actors in the world, either
fish. Many of Hamlets himself I cannot dream of names of Hamlets friends, for tragedy, comedy, history,
statements hold several (II, II, 8-10). He could either and she corrects him and pastoral, pastoral-comical,
different meanings; as truly be clueless as to the moves onto the next course Historical-pastoral, tragical-
Polonius observes, How cause of Hamlets mental of action: Thanks, historical,
pregnant sometimes his digression, or be playing the Guildenstern and gentle tragical-comical-historical-
replies are! (II, III, 226- fool to avoid arousing Rosencrantz. And I beseech pastoral, scene individable,
227). However, when suspicion of the murder he you instantly to visit my too or poem unlimited (II, II,
Guildenstern and committed. Either way, he much changd son (II, II, 420-424). This rather
Rosencrantz enter the doesnt mention the 37-38). The authority she lengthy description sets the
palace, he knows the true marriage between himself wields in this line shows her tone for the rest of his
reason they were there. He and Gertrude as being a awareness and power. speech and causes the
says, You were sent for, possible cause, even Shes also deduced the audience to not dote upon
and there is a kind of though he isnt surprised likely cause of Hamlets his words too seriously. In
confession in your looks when Gertrude claims that it madness, stating, I doubt it the first scene, he is
which your modesties have may be one. Claudius thinks is no other than the main- informing Reynaldo on how
not craft enough to color. I highly of Polonius; he says his fathers death and our he must insult Laertes,
know the good king and that he is As of a man oerhasty marriage (II, II, saying, See you now
queen have sent for you faithful and honorable (II, II, 59-60). Gertrude is smart Your bait of falsehood take
(II, II, 300-304). His ability 139) and cannot recall a and unafraid to get down to this carp of truth; and thus
to reason is still present, time where he had let him business. Whereas do we of wisdom and of
which seems suspicious for down. When Polonius tells Claudius was skirting reach, with windlasses and
one whos entering the couple of Hamlets around the mention of the with assays of bias, by
complete madness. lovesickness, both the King marriage, the Queen knows indirections find directions
Possibly to cover for this, and Queen consider it as a better. She continues to out (II, I, 69-73). Polonius
he claims, I am but mad serious possibility and vow speak little in comparison to wishes to bring out his sons
north-northwest. When the to try it further (II, II, 172). her husband, as she does in faults to make him feel
wind is southerly, I know a Claudius doesnt have too Act 1. Much of her spoken guilty enough to choose a
hawk from a handsaw (II, many scandalous thoughts words simply serve to better path. However, he
II, 402-403). Hes saying to share in this act, so validate Claudiuss. For uses his friend as his voice;
that he is only insane most nothing can be confirmed, example, the King asks Do he may know that Laertes
of the time; the other time, but the prospect of his guilt you think tis this? and she wouldnt listen to him, or it
his levels are perceptions is certainly present, as well replies, It may be, very like may be a strategic move so
are quite high. In his as the prospect of him (II, II, 161-162). Although that his son wouldnt hold a
soliloquy, he calls himself simply being a faithful this exchange may seem grudge. Either way, it was
names and expresses how servant to his people. insignificant, it increases the fairly smart on Poloniuss
helpless he feels about not likelihood that Gertrude is, part. When Ophelia enters
being able to do anything. in fact, the one controlling and describes her odd
He comes up with a plan to the crown and has Claudius encounter with Hamlet,
prove the Kings guilt; it is on a leash. She could Polonius is convinced that
flawed, but that may be the simply be agreeing with he is lovesick. He now
best Hamlet could do whatever her husband says, wants them to be together.
without causing suspicion. but this act shows her to be He apologizes for being too
more intelligent than that. quick to judge Hamlet: I am
sorry that with better heed
and judgment I had not
coted him. I feared he did
but trifle and meant to wrack
thee. But beshrew my
jealousy! By heaven, it is as
proper to our age to cast
beyond ourselves in our
opinions as it is common for
the younger sort to lack
discretion (II, I, 124-130).
When he meets with the
King, he insists upon the
princes lovesickness.
Polonius gives off the
impression that he wants
anything but the relationship
between the youngsters, but
plays the King to allow their
union. From Act 2, more of
Poloniuss cleverness and
tendency to play the fool is
revealed. He seems to hold
control over some strings in
the puppet show that is the
government of Denmark.

Act III Hamlet seems to be full-on Act III is quite the eventful Act 3 begins with Polonius In Act 3, Poloniuss true
mad in Act III; however, he act for the King. He begins informing the King and nature is revealed before
does give out several talking with Hamlets friends Queen that Hamlet is his untimely death.
obvious indications that he to try and discover the lovesick over Ophelia. She Throughout the act, he
is only pretending. Near the cause behind his turbulent says that they can marry if seems to be the one making
beginning, many of his and dangerous lunacy (III, Ophelia brings him to his the decisions and
remarks have double I, 4). He is happy to hear senses. Gertrude seems to commanding the King,
meaning that could be about the joy he players are believe the claim, saying saying I hear him coming.
taken several ways; for giving Hamlet, although And for your part, Ophelia, Lets withdraw, my Lord (III,
example, Hamlet says, whether its happiness that I do wish that your good I, 63) when he hears
Get thee to a nunnery (III, his nephew is feeling better beauties be the happy Hamlet. They listen in on
I, 131) to Ophelia several or happiness that his cause of Hamlets wildness the conversation between
times throughout their biggest threat is distracted (III, I, 42-44). She says the prince and Ophelia, not
scene. This could be him remains to be seen. His that she wishes that reacting and dismissing her
telling her that shes a crime is slowly revealed Hamlet is, indeed, lovesick; when Hamlet repeatedly
whore, or he could be over the course of the act, this gives off the implication insults her. Even when the
aware of the danger shes however. It begins with that she suspects another King doubts that
in and attempting to smaller clues. When cause of Hamlets madness. lovesickness be the cause
communicate that she Polonius makes a remark She may be thinking of his of his nephews madness,
needs to get someplace about how trickery can dirty fathers death and her and Polonius insists, But yet do
safe. His knowledge of the the soul, the King says, O, Claudiuss marriage, but I believe the origin and
situation is further tis too true! How smart a she may also be aware of commencement of his grief
reinforced when he asks, lash that speech doth give the Kings guilt and Hamlets sprung from neglected love
Wheres your father? (III, my conscience (III, I, 56- suspicions. However, this is (III, I, 191-192). He is
I, 141). This sudden 58). This is said through an disproved when Claudius attempting to manipulate
change of topic seems aside, allowing us a glimpse admits to his reasoning for the King so that Hamlet will
unlikely to be coincidental; into his inner thoughts-and committing the crime: That marry his daughter and add
he seems to be aware that guilt. He has no reason to cannot be, since I am still to his own reputation and
Polonius is spying on them lie to himself. He decides to possessed money. Poloniuss playing
and is testing Ophelias send Hamlet off to England: of those effects for which I the fool seems to be just
loyalty. Hamlets intentions I have in quick did the murder: my crown, that: playing. Polonius says
are also made clear in this determination thus set it mine own ambition, and my himself that he was
scene when he remarks, I down; he shall with speed to queen (III, III, 57-59). This accounted a good actor
say we will have no more England (III, II, 181-183). line implies that Gertrude (III, II, 106-107) back in his
marriage. Those that are Although Claudius states was not in on the plan, and college days, which is the
married already, all but Haply the seas, and that Claudius carried it out cherry on top of the
one, shall live. The rest countries different, with all himself in order to claim evidence sundae. He
shall keep as they are (III, variable objects, shall expel her as his queen, and that informs the King, My lord,
I, 159-161). The prince is this something-settled he would lose her if he hes going to his mothers
openly making a threat on matter in his heart III, II, confesses. Whether she is closet. Behind the arras Ill
the Kings life, as he is the 185-187), its possible that aware of his guilt or not is convey myself to hear the
one being referred to. he is aware of the threat still up in the air, but we can process. Ill warrant shell
Despite this open threat, Hamlet poses to him and be fairly certain that she tax him home; and, as you
Hamlet feels as if he has wishes to get him out of the was not involved in the said (and wisely was it
no control over his life and castle to protect himself. We murder. In her scene with said), tis meet that some
is subject to fates whims. can assume that its for this Hamlet, he accuses her, As more audience than a
Perhaps this is why he reason, as Claudius ends kill a king and marry with his mother, since nature makes
feels as if he must kill the up admitting to his own brother. She questions him them partial, should
king; in part for revenge, guilt. His abrupt exit from As kill a king? (III, IV, 35- oerhear the speech of
and in part to regain control the play is enough of an 36). This short line could vantage. Fare you well, my
of his life. He tells Horatio indication to both the mean that she has no clue liege. Ill call upon you ere
how much he admires his readers and Hamlet, but his about the murder, or that you go to bed and tell you
initiative and strength, a soliloquy further proves his she does and is frightened what I know (III, III, 29-38).
man That they are not a crime. He laments, O, my that Hamlet knows as well. The Kings advisor is
pipe for Fortunes finger to offense is rank, it smells to When Hamlet goes on his downright telling his boss
sound what stop she heaven; it hath the primal tirade, accusing her of the plan, appeasing him and
please. Give me that man eldest curse upon t, a bringing shame upon love, softening him up by
that is not passions slave, brothers murder. Pray can I marriage, and other complimenting his wisdom.
and I will wear him not, though inclination be as wholesome values, she Its also highly inappropriate
in my hearts core, ay, in sharp as will. My stronger remarks, Thou turnst my for the King, much less his
my heart of heart, guilt defeats my strong eyes into my very soul, advisor, to be in the
As I do thee (III, II, 75-79). intent, and, like a man to and there I see such black Queens bedroom uninvited.
In this way, Horatio is a foil double business bound, and graind spots as will Claudius offers no protest,
to Hamlet. Later on the I stand in pause where I not leave their tinct (III, IV, simply thanking Polonius
scene, in the midst of his shall first begin and both 100-103). She truly feels and continuing to
madness, he gives a clue neglect. (III, III, 40-47). He guilty for marrying her soliloquize. This brings up
to Guildenstern (and the admits to his crime and his husbands brother; she the question of whos really
audience) that his motivations: My crown, could also simply be trying running the kingdom. When
craziness is false. When Mine own ambition, and my to appease and calm down Polonius dies at the end of
teaching his friend to play queen (III, III, 59). He her son. The latter seems the act, the governmental
the recorder, he says that sincerely feels bad and more likely, as when the structure could be altered
It is as easy as lying (III, repents for his sin, but is Kings ghost appears, she is quite a bit.
II, 387). This is an odd aware that he cannot be unable to see it. Only those
choice of words given the forgiven, as he is enjoying that are loyal to the king are
situation, and thus serves the benefits of murdering able to see the spirit, and
as an indication to Hamlets his brother. she is proven to not be. This
methods. He kills Polonius, could be because of her
believing him to be the union with Claudius, thus
King but being genuinely betraying him, or her
surprised by the outcome. knowledge of the murder
He did know what he and lack of initiative to take
wanted and did take action. revenge.
We have our final proof
that Hamlet is truly
pretending to be mad when
he admits to his mother,
That I essentially am not in
madness, but mad in craft
(III, IV, 209-210). He states
that his madness is serving
as a technique to meet his
goals of killing the king and
taking revenge for his
fathers murder.

Act IV After Hamlets accidental King Claudius is much more Gertrude seems to be DEAD
killing of Polonius, cautious after Hamlet kills wholly convinced of
everyone else in the palace Polonius in his place. He is Hamlets madness, telling
seems to be utterly aware of the threat that her husband that he is Mad
convinced of his madness. Hamlet is while hes free to as the sea and wind when
Gertrude states that he is run about, saying His both contend which is the
Mad as the sea and wind liberty is full of threats to all mightier (IV, I, 7-8). Despite
when both contend which to you yourself, to us, to this, she believes that her
is the mightier (IV, I, 7-8). everyone (IV, I, 15-16). The son is still there underneath
When talking to King is clever; by stating the madness; he shows
Rosencrantz and that Hamlet poses a risk to itself pure and weeps for
Guildenstern, the Queens everyone, not just himself, what is done (IV, i, 28). In
words seem to be true, as he makes the conflict less the previous act, she had
his replies show his about him and convinces promised to be loyal to
madness within. He is not everyone that hes doing Hamlet over the King, yet
completely out of it, what hes doing for the sake she has completely
however; he accuses his of the kingdom. He informed her husband when
friends of working for the approaches the mad they enter in the first scene.
King, saying, When he youngsters with caution, Her loyalties seem to be
needs what you have calling Ophelia pretty lady split. Is she a double-agent
gleaned, it is but squeezing and telling Hamlet ...for or simply a frightened wife
you, and, sponge, you thine especial safety (Which running back to her strong
shall be dry again (IV, II, we do tender, as we dearly husband? She feels guilty
19-21). Hamlet is stating grieve for that which thou about something, saying in
that the King is simply hast done) (IV, III, 44-46). an aside, To my sick soul
using them and will toss He emphasizes that he (as sins true nature is),
them aside when he has no cares about Hamlet and his each toy seems prologue to
further use for them. The safety and addresses some great amiss. So full of
Princes words are Poloniuss murder in a way artless jealousy is guilt, It
confusing, with plenty of that makes it seem as if it spills itself in fearing to be
rhyming and whimsical was not Hamlets fault. He spilt (IV, v, 22-25). Gertrude
wording, but contain inner orders, Where is my is hiding something that she
truth. He actually tells them Switzers? Let them guard feels guilty about. Of
where the body is hidden: the door (IV, V, 106) when course, she may just feel
The body is with the King, he hears a sudden noise. bad about the situation at
but the King is not with the He orders the Switzers, as hand and her inability to do
body (IV, II, 27-28). The opposed to his own anything about it, but this
way in which he says countrys army, as he knows aside is rather suspicious
things makes them difficult that they are loyal to Hamlet and certainly serves a
to decipher. He truly seems and does not trust the purpose. When Laertes
to be going mad. This Prince. Small details such bursts into the palace in a
crazy, insulting facade is as these show the Kings rage, Gertrude places
contrasted during his intelligence. Their presence herself in front of Claudius,
soliloquy in scene 4. The after Poloniuss deaths protecting him. She tells
man who tells the King to serve to prove that Polonius him, Calmly, good Laertes
seek him i th other place was not the one pulling all (IV, v, 129). She gets so
yourself (IV, III, 38-39) of the strings in the involved that her husband
suddenly becomes a sullen government. When Laertes must order her, Let him go,
and serious man pondering bursts into the palace Gertrude (IV, v, 141-142).
life and death. He determined to kill the King The fact that she was
overthinks the act of killing who had slain his father, he risking her own safety for
Claudius, and rather than handles the situation quite Claudius shows that she
staying in the palace and well. His confidence in truly does care for him, or
finishing the deed, he telling Gertrude to back off wants to keep him alive, in
agrees to accompany shows that he knows he can any case. In Act 7, she
Rosencrantz and talk Laertes down. Once enters with news of
Guildenstern to England. Laertes comes to the Ophelias death. She
Fortinbras is reintroduced, realization that Hamlet recounts the event with
acting a foil to Hamlet. His murdered Polonius, suspicious detail, explaining
take-action attitude and Claudius praises him, how she went from climbing
kingly stature only serve to saying Why, now you a willow to jumping into the
emphasize Hamlets failure speak like a good child and water, until her garments,
to step up to the royal a true gentleman. heavy with their drink,
plate. Not long after his That I am guiltless of your pulled the poor wretch from
departure, a messenger fathers death and am most her melodious lay to muddy
delivers an odd note sensibly in grief for it, it shall death (IV, xii, 206-208). Its
saying, Tomorrow shall I as level to your judgment rather suspicious how she is
beg leave to see your pear as day does to your so knowledgable about
kingly eyes, when I shall eye (IV, V, 170-175). He Ophelias death, and how
(first asking your pardon) even offers to speak to she is also seemingly the
thereunto recount the Laertes advisors to prove only one who witnessed the
occasion of my sudden his innocence. Although this horrid sight. Ophelia was
and more strange return. move was not necessary, saying dangerous things in
Hamlet. (IV, VII, 50-53). he knows how important it her songs such as the truth
This is rather suspicious, will be to have Laertes on about her and Hamlets
especially since somehow his side and goes to great relationship; the Queen may
he was able to send a note lengths to do so. After have wanted to quiet her
with the exact day he convincing Laertes of his permanently. She could
would be returning to the guiltlessness and informing have pushed her in and
palace. The brings up the him of the reasons he did come up with the story
question of whether or not not punish Hamlet himself, herself to cover up the
Hamlet truly is mad. It the two brainstorm a plan to murder. It certainly would
seems as if he is, however kill him off: When in your not be out of place; murders
he tones it up in front of motion you are hot and dry seem to be taking place one
others. It isnt a crazy sort (As make your bouts more after the other.
of mad, it is a bitter, hate- violent to that end) and that
driven, utterly focused kind he calls for drink, Ill have
of mad. prepared him a chalice for
the nonce, whereon but
sipping, if he by chance
escape your venomed
stuck (IV, VII, 179-184).
They plan to poison both
Laertes spear and Hamlets
wine to ensure his death, all
while making it appear as
an accident.

Act V After Hamlet returns from -poisons Hamlets wine: -Scene 1 line 225: Hoped DEAD
his ship to England, things scene 2 with a poison jewel that Ophelia would marry
get complicated quickly. He -Scene 2 line 339: tries to Hamlet
and Horatio reside in the cover up the poison, saying -Scene 2 line 320ish: drinks
graveyard after returning. shes swooning at the sight poisoned wine: does she
No one else is aware of of blood know its poison? It could be
their presence, so when he a test to see if hell let her
spies the nobles drink
approaching, Hamlet -Line 340: how did she
decides to Couch we know she was poisoned?
awhile and mark (V, i,
229). He jumps out of
hiding when he spots
Ophelias body ad

-line 285 scene 1: says he


loved her
-still pretending to be mad
or is it genuine at this
point? Funeral behavior is
incredibly inappropriate
-Scene 2 line 40ish-50ish:
writes in the letter to
behead Rosencrantz and
Guildenstern (not cool.),
doesnt feel guilty at all
-line 86: sorry for what
happened with Laertes
-jealous of Laertes abilities
-line 246: tells Laertes hes
mad
-Forces Claudius to drink
the poisoned wine
-Gives Fortinbras his vote
for leadership with his
dying breath

Analysis

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