Professional Documents
Culture Documents
to accompany
CHEMISTRY
Human Activity,
Chemical Reactivity
Prepared by
Philip Elder, Ph.D.
pH-dependent
distribution among
carbonate species
in aqueous
solution.
NH3 NaBr
Solution Solution
NaBr Na2S2O3
Solution Solution
pH-dependent speciation
between NH4+(aq) ions
and NH3(aq) molecules in
aqueous solution. The
concentrations of the two
species are equal at pH =
pKa (NH4+) = 9.25.
Copyright 2015 by Nelson Education Limited 37
Complexation versus Lewis Base
Protonation
Speciation plot showing
the percentages of Ag+(aq)
ions and [Ag(NH3)2]+ ions
present as pH is changed.
Below about pH 7, the
concentration of the
[Ag(NH3)2]+ ions is
negligible, as ammonia
exists mainly as NH4+(aq)
ions.