Chapter 12 The Internet and Website Development

Modules
Exercise 12.1

1. True or false?

a) Broadband connection uses a higher bandwidth than a dial-up connection.

True

b) The Internet arrived when ARPANET adopted DNS standard.

False

c) The Web was the first graphical browser.

True

d) A URL contains a domain name.

True

2. What am I?

a) An organisation that provides access to the Internet for a fee.

IPS

b) The basis of the Internet.

ARPANET

c) Private network that uses a similar interface to the Web.

Intranet

d) The address of a specific computer on the Internet.

Domain name

3. Copy and complete the following by replacing the letter in brackets with a suitable term:

The Internet is a connected set of (networks) using the TCP/IP standard. A dial-up connection
requires a (modem) and telephone line. The (World Wide Web) was introduced in 1991 using the
(HTTP) protocol.

4. Q and A

a) What is provided by the Internet?

The Internet provides instant access to information such as news, weather reports, sports scores,
share prices and educational material. It also provides services such as sending messages,
banking, shopping, playing games and listening to music.

b) List three ways of establishing a connection to the Internet.

Direct connection, dial-up connection and broadband connection.

c) What contribution did the NSF make to the development of the Internet?
In 1986 NSF (National Science Foundation) agreed to be the backbone for the US Internet service.
NSF connected its huge network to the Internet and provided supercomputers to service the
increasing volume of traffic.
d) Explain the difference between an intranet and an extranet.
The intranet is a private network that uses a similar interface to the web. Intranets shares
information and computer resources with members of an organisation. Intranets support the
following:

Email
Newsgroups
File transfer
Web publishing and are accessible to users by a browser

Extranet is like the intranet but it isnt a private network. Extranets are used by the public such as
customers and suppliers. Extranet information for the following:

Product descriptions
Frequently asked questions
Warranties
How to contact customer service?

e) Describe an IP address.
An IP address (internet protocol) a line of numbers that which defines a computer using the
internet, the numbers are separated by full stops. If the IP address is too difficult for someone to
understand they can use a domain name.

f) What is a URL?
A single unbroken line which is the address of a file or resource to the web. It contains three parts
which are the:

Protocol allows access to web pages based on hypertext (http//:).

Domain name the interchangeable part of the URL (www.hi.com.au).

File path - a simple file name or a directory path (/heinneman/default.htm). its separated from the
domain name with a forward slash. In this example the slash is separating the default.htm.

6. Compare and contrast an intranet and the Internet. Outline the features of the school intranet.

The internet (the Net) is set of networks connected using the IP/TCP standard, it connects millions
of computers around the world. It provides access to news, weather reports, sport scores, share
prices and educational material. However the intranet is a private network. Its a smaller version of
the internet that exists within an organisation. Some intranet features at the school are Chub, staff
news and email.
Exercise 12.2

1. Explain the difference between:

a) email and chatting

Email is used to send electrical messages using a computer. To use email software the user needs
to create an email and an account. Emails can send photo's, videos, PDF's and other large files.
They are separated form the symbol (@) and the domain name (account name). They can reply
and receive others emails through the inbox. Chatting is done with a group of people messaging
from the same coversation. Chats allows people to make friends and help keeps distant family and
friends keep in touch with voice chats. Chatting is used more through social media accounts such
as Instagram, Facebook and Snapchat. Online chats can be an opportunities for people with fake
profiles to be able to find out personal information from others.

b) an attachment and a search engine

An attachment is used in emails. Attachments are sent in their original form and can be read
without opening the email. A search engine is connected through the internet. The search bar is
used to type up keys words or question for the user to look up. The search engine is also used for
searching images and videos.

c) forwarding and replying.

Forwarding is sending the same email to another persons and replying is sending an email to
someone by responding.

2. Copy and complete the following sentences:

a) (Email addresses) are unique and consist of two parts separated by the @ symbol.

b) A mailing (list) is a group of people who want to receive the same messages.

c) A web directory organises the Web into (categories).

d) A (message board or discussion group) is a popular web-based discussion group.

3. What am I?

a) Used to store email addresses.

Email server.

b) Code of acceptable behaviour users should follow on the Internet.

Netiquette

c) Online area in which users conduct discussions on a particular topic.

A newsgroup

d) Real-time Internet service that notifies users when one or more people are online.
Instant messaging
4.

a) List the four parts of an email header.

Toemail address is the address of the person receiving the message, which must
be correctly typed.
Cccarbon copy sends the same message to other people apart from the main
recipient.
Bccblind carbon copy sends a copy to other people without revealing who else
got the message.
Subjectis the topic of the message or brief descriptionthis is very useful for
the receiver of the message.

b) Explain how a user replies to an email message.

They create a new email and send it back to the person using their email.

c) Describe some of the rules for netiquette.

keep messages short and to the point
be polite and avoid offensive language
avoid sending abusive or insulting messages (flames)do not participate in flame
wars
avoid using all capital letters as it is considered shouting

d) How does a search engine work?

By typing key words in the search bar. Then it scans websites related to your search and shows
you the most popular website based on your search.

e) What is a chat room?

A group of channel where people can chat privately or publicly on a topic of interest.

f) What is provided by an instant messaging service?

Instant messaging (IM) is a real-time Internet service that notifies users when one or more people
are online. They enable users to create buddy lists, check whether a buddy is online and exchange
messages. There are currently no standards for instant messaging. Individuals on a buddy list
need to be on the same or compatible instant messaging program.
Exercise 12.3

1. Copy and complete the following sentences:

a) Web (authoring) software is used to create and manage a multimedia website.

b) The refresh command (reloads) the current web page from the server.

c) The (stop) interrupts the download of a web page.

d) SMTP.POP3 (Post Office Protocol) is a standard for incoming mail.

2. True or false?

a) OSPs provide a browser as part of their subscription package.

True

b) The back command displays the next web page.

True

c) TCP/IP is a common language of data transmission and error detection over the Internet.
True

d) FTP is a standard for outgoing email.

False

3. Copy and complete the following by replacing the letter in brackets with a suitable term:

A web (browser) is a software program that allows users to access and view web (pages). It will
display a website if the (address) is entered directly into the browser. Web pages that have video
take longer to (download).

4.

a) What is the advantage of Favorites or Bookmarks?

They allow users to quickly access their recently visited websites by saving them.

b) Describe a website structure.

Things like text, videos, graphics, audios and frames make up a website structure.

c) What is a protocol?
A protocol is a set of rules that governs the transmission of data between computer devices.

d) How does the TCP/IP work?

It works by breaking information into smaller packets of data.

e) What protocol is used to upload and download files?

The File Transfer Protocol (FTP).

f) What is the hypertext transfer protocol?

It is a standard for transferring the contents of a web page into a browser for viewing.
Exercise 12.4

1. What am I?

a) A worldwide collection of documents that use the HTTP standard.

Electronic documents

b) A file that is stored on the hard disk after visits to a website.

Cookies

c) Checks all incoming data for the purpose of verification and authentication.
Firewalls

d) A program that claims to be one thing but will cause damage when the program is started.
Trojan horses

2. Copy and complete the following by replacing the letter in brackets with a suitable term:

A (website) is a group of electronic documents that present (information) on a particular topic. Each
electronic document is called a web (page). Websites are stored on powerful computers called
(servers or web servers).

3. Unjumble these words:

a) ewb gepa - web page

b) oxpry rseevr - proxy server

c) asntirviu aroswfte - anti - virus software

4.

a) What is a key feature of the Web?

Interactivity.

b) List six different types of websites.

Commercial

Information

Business

News

Portal

Personal

c) What is the purpose of most cookies?

It is to improve the users experience and allow organisations to target advertisements to users
interest and taste.

d) How does a proxy server improve security?

It lets administrators limit access to objectionable content by filtering URL's.
Exercise 12.5

1. Copy and complete the following sentences:

a) A (thumbnail) image is a small preview representation of the real full size image.

b) Links are usually identified using an (underlined) character and/or a different text colour.

c) Each (frame) is considered as a separate window and could be a separate HTML document.

d) Many different colours can be distracting and reduce (readability).

2. True or false?

a) HTTP is used to create web pages.

True

b) Streaming audio is heard before the entire file has been transferred.
True

c) Ordered lists are usually shown with a bullet.

True

d) Web forms have an invisible part that stores data in a database.

True

3. What am I?

a) The first page viewed by a visitor to a website.

Homepage

b) A set of special instructions that indicate how parts of a document will be displayed.
HTML

c) A picture, icon or button that changes when the mouse is moved over it.
Roll over image

d) Rows and columns of cells that are filled with characters or graphics.
Tables

4.

a) Describe an intermediate page of a website.

This is the next level down from a homepage, it is accessible from the homepage and links back to
the homepage.

b) How do you create HTML code?

HTML code can be created through any word processor or text editor.

c) Identify the contact information that is needed on most websites.

Address, Phone, Fax and Email.

d) What is a hyperlink?
A hyperlink links to another part on the same webpage.
e) Describe some of the information often displayed in a frame.
Advertising messages, banners and animations that is held in place as the user navigates through
the webpage.

f) Why is navigation an important design element?

It is important that the user can easily navigate through the website and knows how to work around
the structure of the site without getting too confused. Colours and visual elements can help
differentiate the different parts of the website as well as clear page headers.