THE

BUDDHISM OF TIBET
OR
LAMAISM
WITH ITS MYSTIC CULTS, SYMBOLISM AND MYTHOLOGY,
AND IN ITS RELATION TO INDIAN BUDDHISM.

BY

L. AUSTINE WADDELL, M.B.

F.L.S., F.R.G.S.

MEMBER OF THE ROYAL ASIATIC SOCIETY, ANTHROPOLOGICAL INSTITUTE, ETC.

SURGEON-MAJOR H.M. BENGAL ARMY.
LONDON
:

W. H. ALLEN & CO., LIMITED,

13, WATERLOO PLACE, S.W.
1895.
[All rights reserved.]

H POPULAR LAMAISM
APPENDICES

[Layout by Jampa Namgyal, October 2009]

 5G6

XXL
DOMESTIC AND POPULAR LAMA ISM.
i-VMAISM is not merely a monastic brotherhood; it is

a truly popular religion, deeply

pervading and dominating
the life of the people.
On it the Tibetan builds
his daily fears and hopes, and
it is not without some eleva-
ting influence. The current
of Buddhism which runs
through its tangled paganism
has brought to the Tibetan
most of the little civilization

which he possesses, and has

raised him correspondingly
in the scale of humanity,
lifting him above a life of

LAMA receiving homage or Ch wild rapine and selfishness,

.IN. 1
by setting before him higher
aims, by giving milder meanings to his mythology, by discoun-
tenancing sacrifice, and by inculcating universal charity and
tenderness to all living things.
Unlike, however, the Buddhism of the Burmese, it is not an
educational factor, for the Lamas restrict their learning to them-
selves, as in' Led did the Brahmans, and most priestly orders of
old, and they contemptuously call the laity "the dark (ignorant)
3
people," "the worldly ones," 3 or "the givers of alms." 4 And
certainly the lasl epithet is well deserved, for the Tibetans, while,

After Giorgi, op. '. roi-nag-pa.

>
'jig-rten-pa. ibj in-bdag, "owners of alms," cf. Kopp., i.. i>7.
 METEMPSYCHOSIS IN DAILY LIFE. 5G7

perhaps, the most priest-ridden people in the world, are amongst

the most pious and the most lavish in their religious gifts. The
popular name for a Lama is " Father," as with Roman priests.
It is surprising, in view- of the excessive
amount of non-Bud-
dhist elements in Lamaism, to find how deeply the everyday
life

and notions of the laity are leavened by the Buddhist spirit.

The doctrine of metempsychosis and its Karma enters into the
ordinary habits and speech of the people. Their proverbs,
folk-

lore, songs, and lay dramas, are full of it.

1 Friendships also are
explained by them on this principle.
More than once have I been told by some worthy Tibetan that
it could not have been mere chance
which had brought us to-
gether, across so many thousand miles of land and sea but that ;

we must, in a former life, have been friends, who now have met
again in this life, through the force of Karma. Similarly as re-
gards the lower animals. A Tibetan seeing my dog and pony
playing good-naturedly together, explained the situation by say-
ing that in a former birth these two must have been mates.
Even practices which are clearly dishonest and sinful, are at

times justified on the same principle, or rather by its abuse.

Thus the more sordid Tibetan reconciles cheating to his con-
science, by naively convincing himself that the party whom he now
attempts to defraud, had previously swindled him in a former life,
and that justice demands retribution.
Congenital defects such as blindness, dumbness and lameness,
and accidents, are viewed as retributions which are due to the
individual having, in a previous life, abused or sinned with the
particular limb or organ presently affected. Thus a man is blind
because he sinned with his eye in a former life. Indeed this is a
common dogma of Buddha's own teaching, and forms the basis of
the Jdtakas or tales of the previous Births of Buddha.
For a like reason, cattle and all other dumb animals are
humanely treated ; life is seldom wantonly taken. Indeed, the
taking of animal life is rather strictly prohibited in Tibet, except
in the case of the Yaks and sheep needed for food, for in such
a cold climate flesh forms an essential staple of diet, but the
butchers
2
being thus professional sinners, are the most despised

i Cf.my art. on Cats in Indian Antiquary, Dec, 1892.

2 gDol-pa. Originally, says Jaeschke (Z>., p. 208), these were probably fishers.
 568 DOMESTIC AND POPULAR LAMAISM.

of all classes in Tibet. Wild animals, and even small birds, are
seldom killed, nor fish, on account of the religious penalties at-
tached to this crime, hence game is so extremely abundant in
the country. Yet human prisoners are, at times, most cruelly
tortured ; though this
probably is owing, in
some measure, to the
example set by the
Chinese, as well as
the necessity for some
violent punishment to
check the commission
of crime. Nearly every
offence, even to the
most heinous, the mur-
dering of a Lama, may
be condoned by a fixed
but fail-
scale of fine
;

ing the payment of

the fine and the extra
blackmail to the offi-

cials, the prisoner, if

not actually killed, is

tortured and mutila-

ted, and then usually
set free, in order not
only to avoid the ex-
pense of detainment in
jail, but also to serve
as a public warning to
others. Thus many of
Tibetan Laymen.
the maimed beggars
who swarm about Lhasa are criminals who have had their eyes
put oul or their hands cut off in this way.
The tolerant spirit ofBuddhism has, however, stamped more or
less distinctly the national character, the mildness of which con-
tra^ s strongly with the rough exterior and semi-barbarous state
of the people. Bogle's high testimony to this trait has already
 SOFTENING INFLUENCE OF BUDDHISM. 56D

been referred to. Hue, writing of the lay regent of Lhasa, de- '

scribes him as a man" whose large features, mild and remarkably

pallid,breathed a truly royal majesty, while his dark eyes shaded
by long lashes were intelligent and gentle." And Rockhill and
others who have been brought into intimate contact with the
people have remarked an unexpected amount of mildness of tem-
per ; and my own experience is similar.
The spirit of consideration for others expresses itself in many-
2
graceful acts of genuine politeness. A stirrup-cup of wine is
presented to the departing visitor or traveller, bidding him God-
speed, and adding, " May we be able to present you with another
as welcome on your return." The seller of any article, other than
eatables, always gives his blessing to the buyer, in terms such as
these :
" May good come upon you may you live long may no ; ;

3
sickness happen; may you grow rich" to which the buyer replies ;

4
with " thanks."
The names of both boys and girls are largely borrowed
personal
from mystical Buddhism, for instance " The Thunderbolt of Long-
Life" (Dorje-ts'e-rin), "Polma" (the Indian goddess of Mercy,
Tara) and the influence of the religious habit is also seen in
;

names of places.
several of the
The common oaths are mainly of a Buddhist character. The
oath so much in the mouth of the merchants, and used at times
by most of the laity as an asseveration in ordinary conversation, is
" (by) the precious Lord (Sakya Muni )!" 5 or "(by) The Three Rarest
" 7
Ones !
,;

Though others also are in use.

i Named " Pe-chi " (the " She-te Shaffee " of

Edgar ?). 2 C'an-kyel.

i yag-po byan-pa nad-med-pa s'og, p'ug-po yori-wa s'og.

s'og, ts'e-rih-pa-s'og,
4
t'ug-rje-ch'e, literally = "great mercy," compare with French merci, used on simi-
lar occasions. 5 Jo-wo Rin-po-clve. e dK'on-mch'og sum.

7
The other Oaths used in Tibet are: "May I die ere sunset" (Si-ma 'di-las tsV-
t'uh) " may my mother be separated " (a-ma-dah bral). In Tsang a common oath is
;

" May my life be separated " (srog-dah bral pron hrok ta-te). The monks of De-pung
;
.

Serra, etc., swear by their own tutelary Tamdin, or Vajra-bhairava: "May Tam-
din devour me" (rta-mgrin-te'es). And in the courts when the great oath is taken,
which is seldom, it is done by the person placing a holy scripture on his head, and
sitting on the reeking hide of an ox and eating a part of the ox's heart. The expense
1 this ceremony is borne by the party who challenges the accused. In Sikhim the
>f

common oaths are " May I die " (s'i-ge) " May I go to hell " (na-rak-kan) " May I
: ; ;

carry all your ill-luck " (bgeg.s-chi k'ur-rgyu) "May I be deprived of succession";

(mi-rabs-ch'ad) "May the mountain-god Kangch'endsonga or the Darjiling Tsan-devil

;

have first taste of my red blood" (rdo-rje glin-dgon-btsan sha-k'rag-dmar phuh kyi-
bs'es bchug).
570 DOMESTIC AND POPULAR LAMAISM.

But both Lamas and people are so steeped in pagan superstition

and idolatry that their un-Buddhist features and practices are
most conspicuous. As the Tibetans see nature in its ultimate
stronghold, in all its pitiless force and fury, terrorizing the brave
as well as the timid, their child-like character impels them to
worship the more proximate agents which seem to visibly wreck
and flocks, and vex them as with disease and disaster.
their fields
Their inveterate crav-
ing for material pro-
tection against those ma-
lignant gods and demons
has caused them to pin
their faith on charms and
amulets, which are to be
seen everywhere dangling
from the dress of every
man, woman, and child.
These charms, as we
have seen, are mostly
sentences of a Sanskritic
nature borrowed from
mystical Buddhism, and
supplemented by relics of
holy Lamas, by which
they muzzle and bind the
devils, as in the illustra-
tion here given.
But these appliances,
however good in theory,
('HAUM TO HINT) I >ISKASE-DEVILS. are found in practice to
(Reduced be deplorably deficient.
The priestsmust constantly be called in to appease the menacing
devils, whose ravenous appetite is only sharpened by the food
given to stay it.

A more cheerful and graceful side to their demon- worship is seen

in t t lie tall prayer-nags, which picturesquely
he practice of planting
flutter around every village, and the strings of flaglets which
flaunt from house-tops, bridges, passes, and other places believed
to be infested by malignant sprites.
 AMULETS AXD CHARMS. 571

The people an atmosphere of the marvellous. No story

live in
is too absurd for them
to credit, if only it be told by Lamas.
They are ever on the outlook for omens, and the every-day affairs
of life are governed, as we have seen, by a superstitious regard for
lucky and unlucky days. Though special divinations are sought
from professed astrologers, in the more serious events of life, in
birth, marriage, sickness, and death, and often in sowing, reaping,
building, etc., each layman determines for himself the auguries
for the more trivial matters of his ordinary business, for travelling,
buying and selling, mending, etc.
And implicit reliance is placed on all these auguries. When
I was forced to send a party of Sikhimite Tibetans on a long

excursion upon a day which was unlucky for travelling, and in

consequence of which my men
were unwilling to start, I at once
.secured a revival of their spirits and their ready departure by
making the head-man draw, in orthodox fashion, a good augury
from the pack of divining-cards, from which, however, I had
previously, unknown to them, withdrawn all the unlucky ones.
Pilgrimages are most popular. Every opportunity is seized to
visit celebrated shrines, and to circumambulate the numerous holy
buildings and sacred spots in their neighbourhood.

Reduced J. See also photograph on next page, l>y Mr. Hoffmann.

:>12 DOMESTIC AND POPULAR LAMAISM.

Prayers ever hang upon the people's lips. The prayers are
chiefly directed to thedevils, imploring them for freedom or
release from their cruel inflictions, or they are plain naive

I. w.\ with AmOI ETS

requests for aid towards obtaining the good things of this life,
the loaves and the fishes. At all spare times, day and night.
 PRAYER-WHEELS AND DEVLL-WOR.SJ/LP.

the people ply their prayer-wheels, and tell their beads, and
mutter the mystic six syllables Om ma-ni pad-rue Hum!
"Om! the Jewel in the Lotus, Hum!"
the sentence which gains them
their great goal, the
glorious heaven

Hand-Pkayeh- " Wheels "

(Reduced 3. The one on the right has its case removed.)

of eternal bliss, the paradise of the fabulous Buddha of boundless

Light Amitabha.
Still, with all and the costly services of their
their strivings
priests, the They have fallen
Tibetans never attain peace of mind.
under the double ban of menacing demons and despotic priests.
So it will be a happy day, indeed, for Tibet when its sturdy over-
credulous people are freed from the intolerable tyranny of the
Lamas, and delivered from the devils whose ferocity and exacting
worship weigh like a nightmare upon all.

Finis.
The Hoi sk-Dbi u
 .

575

Appendix I.

Chronological Table. 1
B.C.
Buddha's death 477-370"
Alexander the Great invaded India ... ... ... 325-327
Candragupta, king of Magadha ... ... ... ... 315
Asoka, emperor of India, adopts Buddhism ... ... 263-259
Buddhism introduced to Ceylon ... ... ... ... 241
Menander (Milinda) of Sagala 150
Scriptures (pitaka) tirst reduced to writing in Ceylon ... 82
A.I).
Buddhism introduced to China ... ... 62
King Kanishka (Kanerkes), patron of Buddhism ... 78 circa
Council of Jalandhar ... ... ... ... ... 1 00 circa
Buddhism introduced to Korea ... ... .. ... 372
FaHian's pilgrimage in Magadha 404
Buddha-ghosha's commentary in Pali 420
Sung-yun's pilgrimage in India 518
Buddhism introd. to Japan ... ... ... ... 552
Hiuen Tsiang's pilgrimage in India, from ... ... 637
Buddhism introd. to Tibet under king Srong Tsan Gampo 638
Arrival of the Chinese princess Wen-cheng in Tibet . . 640
3

Building of the Buddhist temple in Tibet, the

tirst
P'rul-snan at Lhasa ... ... ... ... ... 651
Birth of king K'ri-Srong Deu Tsan .. 728
Arrival of St. Padma-sambhava in Tibet ... ... 747

1 The dates of the Tibetan

events are taken mainly from Csoma (Gram.,-p. 181 et seq.),
and supplemented to a slight extent by those of Sum-pa or Yses-dpal-'byor (trans, by
Sarat, J.A.S.B., 1889, 37, etc.), except where otherwise specified. I have reduced, by
one year, the dates of Sum-pa as given by Sarat, as the Lama who compiled his
paper included the current year in his calculations.
2 The usually accepted date is 477 b.c. (Fergusson, Max Muller in Sacred Books of
the East, x., xxxix.), thoughRhys Davids adopts 412 (Budd., p. 213, and Numis-
mata Orientalia, 55) and Westergaard (Uber Buddha's Todesjahr, p. 74), Kern and
;

others place it about 370 b.c. The Tibetans follow the popular Chinese accounts in
giving it an extravagant antiquity (see Csoma's Gram., p. 199 for details).
3
BUSHELL, loc. cit.
576 APPERDIX T.

A.D.

Building of the Lamaist monastery, Sam-yas

first ... 749
Birth of Lah-darma, the Julian of Lamaism 861
His persecution of Lamaism ...
899
Hi- murder _
900
KLalacakra system introduced to India .. 950
St. Atiaa, born 980
'Brom-ston, his disciple, born ... 1002
gSol-nag-t'an monastery founded ... ... 1015
'K'on dKon-mc'og-rgyal-po, the founder of Sa-skya monas-
tery, born ... ... 1033
St. Atisa arrived at mNa-rigs 1038
St. Milaraspa born ... ... 1038
Atlsadied 1053
Rva-sgren mon. founded by 'Brom-ston 1055
The Translator bLo-ldan-S'es-rab born 1 057

fC'e-stom Nan-pa's Nih-ma revelation (ICe-btsun) ... 1066

Saskya and gSang-phu mon. founded ... ... ... 1071
Lha-rje sgam-po-pa of Drag-po born ... ... ... 1077
Pas-c'uri-pa born ... ... 1082
Kun-gah-shin Sa-skya Lama born ... ... ... 1090
K.u nit (lus-sum-mK'an-po born ... ... ... ... 1109
More Nih-ma revelations discovered 1117
Milaraspa died ... ... ... ... 1122
C'ag, translator, born ... ...
1152
sNar-t'ang monastery founded ... ... ... ... 1152
'Bri-gun monastery founded ... ... ... 1177
sTag-luh monastery founded ... ... ... 1178
Sa-skya Pan dita born ... ... ... 1180
Buddhism expelled from Magadha by the Muhamadans,
under BaMtyar ZAilji ^ ...
' 1195
S'akya-sri, the Kashmiri Pandit, arrived in Tibet ... 1202
Karma Bakshi born ... ... ... ... 1202
Ter-ton Guru Ch'os-dban 1210
Kublai Khan born ... ... ... ... ... 1214
'Gro-mgon-'pags-pa born ... ... ... ... 1233
He becomes master of Tibet ... ... ... ... 1251
Pu-ston, the chronologist, born ... ... ... ... 1288
Friar Odoric reaches ? Lhasa ... ... ... ... 1330
in monastery founded ... ... ... ... 1349
Si. Tson-K'a-pa born L356
[Can-ston rgyal-po (the great bridge-builder) born ... 1383
dGe-'dun-grub-pa born ... ... ... ... ... L389
See rab rin-ch'en (or BTag), the ranslator, born ...
i ... 1408
Tson-K'a-pa established the Lhasa prayer-feast {smon-lam),
and founded dGah-ldan monastery ... ... ... 1407
Panch'en bzah-po bkra-sie (latterly of Tashi-lhunpo born 1408

According to Lamaisl (Sum-pa > data.

 5
4

CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE. 577

A.D.
A..U.
De-pung (dBras-spuh) monastery founded ... ... 1414
Serra monastery founded 1417
Tson-K'a-pa died 1417
Nor monastery (of Sa-skya-pa sect) founded ... ... 1427
Ck'ab-indo-byams-gbn monastery founded ... ... 1435
Z'a-lu legs-pa-rgyal-rnts'an, succeeds to Ga-ldan chair ... 1436
Ch'os-skyoh-bzaii-po, the translator, born ... 1439.
Tashi-lhunpo monastery founded by clGe-'dun-grub ... 1445
The Lama of the Mongols (Hor-sTon or Nam-mK'ah-dpal)
died 1445
.

bZah-po-bkra-sis becomes abbot of Tashi-lhunpo ... ... 473

1
dGe-'dun-grub died... ... .. ... ... ... 1473
dGe-'dun-rgya-mts'o born ... ... ... ... ... 1474
bZaii-po bkra-sis died, and succeeded by Luri-rig rgya-mts'6 1476
rTa-nag td ub- bstan-rnam-rgyal monastery founded ... 1476
Panch'en blo-bzaii don-grub born ... ... 1503
dGe-'dun-rgya-mts'o becomes Grand Lama of Tashi-lhunpo 1510
The Dug-pa Lama Padma-dKar-po born 1510
dGe-'dun-rgya-mts'o died 1540
bSod-nams rgya-mts'o born ... ... ... ... 1541
Mongol (or " Moghul ") invasion of Northern Tibet ... 1546 circa
S'va-lu Lotsava died ... ... ... 1562
Taranatha (Kun-shiii) born ... ... ... I573
Grand Lama bSod-nam proceeds to Mongolia on invitation
of prince Althun Khan
I575
Kum-bum monastery founded 157g
Lama bSod-nam died ... ... ... 1586
His successor (Yon-tan) born in Mongolia
1587
Kum-bum subordinated to Tsang ... '
... 1610
Yon-tan-rgya-mts'o died 1 g1
Nag-dban-blo-bzaii rgya-mts'o born ... 61
1
The Tsang army invades Serra and Depung monasteries,
" killing many thousand monks "
1616
Nag-dban became priest-king of Tibet by aid of the
Mongol prince Gusri Khan 1 g4
He built Potala palace near Lhasa I643
He visited Chinese emperor ... ... \Q>5()
He returned to Tibet ... ... i
651
He retires to self-communion, leaving
government with
the viceroy (sDe-srid), Sans-rgyas rgya-mts'o,
said to
be his natural son ... ...
2675
He died " "" " 16g()
His successor, Tsans-dbyans born
Iggl
But provingdissolute, he is deposed and assassinated ".".'
1703
Dalai Lama
sKal-bzah born at Lithang ...
1706
The Mongol armies of C'un-gar restore
Gelug-paLama to
kln shl P ... i7i 6
 ,

578 APPENDIX II

Civil war, during which the Chinese troops destroy many

monasteries in restoring order ... ... ... 1722
Nepalese army sacks Tashi-lhunpo ... ... ... 1 768
Mr. Bogle's friendship with Tashi Grand Lama... ... 1778
<'apt. Turner received by succeeding Tashi Grand Lama 1783
Mr. Manning reaches Lhasa and meets the Dalai Lama 1811
MM. Hue and Gabet enter Lhasa 1845
Messrs. EtockhiU's, Bonvalot's, Prince Henry of Orleans',
and Bowers' traverses of eastern and northern Tibet 1887-92
Anglo-Tibetan hostilities on Sikhim frontier ... ... 1887
The Tibet Sikhim trade treatv concluded 1 893

Appendix II.

Bibliography.
The following list comprises most of the books bearing upon
Lamaism, supplementary, in the main, to the earlier register
given by Scklagintweit (op. c!t., pp. 331, etc.).
Anderson Description and Historical Catalogue of a Collection of Japanese and
(W.).
Chinese Paintings to the British Museum. London, L886.
Arnold E.), TheLighl of Asia; or, The Great Renunciation; being the Life and
Teaching of Gautama, Prince of India and Founder of Buddhism. 8vo. London,
1883.
Atkinson (E. T.).Notes on the History of Religion in the Himalaya of the North-
western Provinces of fndia. Calcutta, 1883.
Aynslbi ill. G. M. M.).Visil to Ladakh. 8vo. London, 1879.
Batlei H. V.). Dorje-Ling. 8vo. Calcutta, 1838.
Babtb A.). The Religions of India. Translated by J. Wood. 8vo. London,
Bastian (A.). Der Buddhismus in seiner Psychologic. 366 pp., 8vo. Berlin, L882.
I!eal (S.).-Catena of Buddhist Scriptures. From the Chinese. 8vo. London. 1878
Romantic Legend of Sakya Buddha. Prom the Chinese. 8vo. London.
is;:,
Buddhist Literature in China. 8vo. London, 1882.
Texts from the Buddhist Canon known as Dhammapada. With accom-
panying Narratives. Prom the Chinese. Pp. vui. and 176. China,
1878.
Buddhism.
12mo., pp. 263. London, 1884.
Fo-sho-hing-tsan-King. a Life of Buddha, by Asvaghosha Bodhisattva,
From the Chinese. 8i o

Travels of Fa Hian, of,'. L2mo. L869.

Si-Yu-Ki, i; loi Western Kingdoms, by Hiuen Tsiang. 2vols.,8vo-,
pp. 250 and 378 1884.
Bbndali 'i i. Journey in Nepal and North India. 8vo. Cambridge, 1886.

i

,ii Buddh. Skt MSS. 8vo., pp. xii., bri., 226. Camb., 1883
<

Bhagvanlaj Km; mi. Appendix to Archaeological Survey W esl fndia, L (No. 9). Bom-
bay, L879.
Biqandi (P The Ways to Neibban, and Notice on the Burmese Monks, 2 vols*
i
l.
'

svo. London. 1880.

Bonvalot (GO Prince Henry ol Orleans. Across Thibet. 2 rols,8vo. Paris and
London, 1891.
i;, u 1 1. ii I'i.n \ of .i Journej >
1894
Bdchanan-Hamilto intofthi Kingdo f Nepal. London, 18
_ .
rn [ndia, ed. Martin. 3 vols. London, L839.
 .

BIBLIOGRAPHY. 579

Burgess, see Fergusson.

Burnouf (E.).Introduction a l'Histoire du Buddhisme indien. Vol. I., 4to
2nd ed. Paris, 1876.
Le Lotus de la bonne Loi, traduit du Sanscrit, accompagne d'un Com-
mentaire et de vingt et un Memoires relatifs an Buddhisme 4to
Paris, 1852.
Butsu-zo-dsu-i, or The Buddhist Pantheon of the Japanese. 5 fasc. Kyoto,
1887
Bushell (S. W., _/!/./>.).The Early History of Tibet from Chinese sources. J.R.A.S.,
XII. (1880), p. 435, et. seq.
Conway, (W. M.).Climbing and Exploration in the Karakoram Himalayas. 8vo
pp. 709. London, 1894.
Cowell
(E. B.).Mahayana Texts. Sacred Bk. East, Vol. XLIX.,
The Jataka, translated from the Pali. Cambridge, 1894.
etc.

Csojia de Koros (A.). Grammar of the Tibetan Language. 4to., 204 pp 40 pp ,

lithogr. Calcutta, 1834.

Dictionary, Tibetan and English. 4to., 351 pp. Calcutta,
1834.
Analysis of the Kah-gyur, etc. Asiatic Researches. Vol.
XX., pp. 41, etc., 4to. Calcutta, 1820.
Cunningham (Sir A.). Coins of Ancient India from the earliest times down to the
seventh century a.d. 8vo. London, 1891.
Ladak, physical, statistical and historical. London, 1854.
Malnibodhi, or the Great Buddhist Temple under the Bodhi
,. .
Tree of Bodh Gaya, with SI photographs. 4to. 1892.
Dalton (Col. E. T.). Descriptive Ethnology of Bengal. Calcutta, 1872.
DAlyiella (Count G.). The Migration of Symbols. Eng. trans. Loncl., 1894.
DAnville (J. B.).Nouvel Atlas de la Chine, de la Tartaric Chinoise et du Thibet
Polio. La Haye, 1737.
Davids (T. W. Rhys). Buddhism being a Sketch of the Life and Teachings of
;

Gautama, the Buddha. 12mo. London, 1878.

Buddhist Birth Stories or Jataka Tales, being the Jatakat-
;

thavannana. Translation. Vol.1., 8vo. London, 1880.

Buddhist Sutras, translated from Pali. (Vol. XI. of F. Max
Midler's Sacred Books of the East.) 8vo. Oxford,
1881.
The Hibbert Lectures, 1881. Lectures on the Origin and
Growth of Religion as illustrated by some points in the
history of Indian Buddhism. 8vo. London, 1881.
Article "Lamaism " in Encyclopaedia Britannica.
And Oldenberg (H.) Vinaya Texts, translated from the Pali.
Part I. The Patimokkha. The Mahavagga, I.-IV. (Vol.
XIII. of Sacred Books of the East.) 8vo. Oxford, 1881.
Davis (E.). " Remarks on the Relioious and Social Institution of the Bouteas." Trans
R.A.S., Vol. II. 496.
De Milloue (L.). Catal. du Musee Guimet. Lyon, 1883, and Paris, 1894.
De Lacouperie, see LacoupSrie.
Desgodins (Pere).Le Tibet, etc. 8vo., p. 475. 1885.
Douglas (R. K.). Confucianism and Taoism. London, 1888.
Duka (T.). The Life and Works of Alexander Csoma de Koros, between 1819 and
1849. By T. Duka. Pp. 234. London, 1885.
Dumoutier (G.).Les Symboles, les Emblem, du culte chez les Annamites. Paris, 1891
Dunmore (Lord). The Pamirs. 2 vols., sm. 8vo. London, 1893.
Eden (Honble. A). Report on the State of Bootan and of the Progress of the Mission
of 1863-64. Calcutta, 1864.
Edgar (J.). Report on a Visit to Sikhim and the Tibetan Frontier. Calcutta, 1874.
Edkins (J.). Chinese Buddhism. Pp. 454. 1880.
Eitel (E. J.). Buddhism its Historical, Theoretical, and Popular Aspects.
:
3rd
edition, revised. 8vo. London, 1873.
Handbook for the Student of Chinese Buddhism. 8vo. pp. 231. 2nd
edition. Hong-Kong, 1888.
Elias (N.). Reports on Leh and Central Asia.
Feer (L.). Introduction du Buddhisme dans le Kashmir. 8vo. Paris, 1866. Pam.
Etudes Bouddhiques. Premiere Serie. 8vo. Paris, 1870.
Etude sur les Jatakas. 8vo. Paris, 1875.
Analyse du Kandjour et du Tandjour. Annates du Musee Guimet. Tome 2.
pp 2
 . .

580 APPENDIX II.

Fhbb (L.).-Le Tibet. Paris, 1886.

Extraitesdu Kandjour. Annales du Mus. Guimet.
Fhbgusson -History of Indian and Eastern Architecture. 8vo. London, 1876.
(J.).
and Burgess (J ). Cave Temples of India. London, 188
Foucaux 'l'li. E.). Rgya-tch'er-rol-pa ou Developpemenl desjeux.contenanl l'Histoire
du Bouddba Cakya Mouni, traduit sur la version Tibetaine du
Bkah hgyour, el revu but ['original Sanscrit (Lalitavistara). 2
v.. Is.. 4i... Paris, 1847-48.
Parabole de l'Enfanl Egare, formant le cbapitre IV. du Lotus de
la Bonne Loi, publiee pour la premiere fois en Banscrit et en
Tibetain, el accompagnee d'une traduction francaise d'apres la
version Tibetaine du Kanjour. 8vo. Paris, 1854.
Le Tresor des Belles ramies, choix de sentences composees ."
Tibetain par le Lama Saskya Pandita; suivies d'une ]
tiree du Kandjour, tradnites pour la premiere fois en Francais.
8vo. Paris, L858.
La Guirlande Precieuse des Demandes e1 des Responses publiee en
Sanskrit el <-n TiWtain, et traduite pour la premiere fois en
Francais. 8vo. Paris, 1867.
Le Lalita Vistara traduit du Sanskrit. Annates du Musee Guimet
Tome Sixieme., pp. 290. Paris. L884.
Franks (sir A. W. |.Brit. .Mus. Art. Catalogues (on Chinese Symbolism l.

Garmeb(F.). -De Paris au Tibet. 8vo., pp.422. Paris, 1882."

Geddie (J.). Beyond the Himalayas. 8vo., pp. 256. London, 1882.
Giobgj A. A.i. Alphabetum Tibetanun. Romse, 1762.
(iu.i (W.).The River of Golden Sand. 2vols.,8vo. L..ud..u, 1880.
UiiMiin; (J among Mongols. London, 189
|.

Gruenwbdbl (A). Buddhistiscbe Kunst in India. Hanb. d. Koniglichen Mu>. Berlin,

1893.
Hardy EL i Spence) .
Eastern Monachism ;
an Account of the Origin, Laws. Discipline,
etc.,ol the Order of Mendicants founded by Gotama Buddha.
I lompiled from Singhalese MSS. anil otherSources. 8vo. London,
is;,, i.

A Manual of Buddhism in it> Modern Development. Translated

from Singhalese MSS. 2nd ed. 8vo. ls.su.
'1'hc Legends and Th ies of the Buddhists compared with
History and Science. 8vo. 2nded. 1881.
IIkwh i
- The Ruling Races of Pre-historic Times.
J. 1'' i. In India, etc. Lond., 1894.
Hodosok EL).Essays on the Languages, Literature, and Religion ..l Nepal and
!'

Tibet; together with further papers on the Geography, Ethnology, and Com-
merce of those Countries. 8vo. London. Reprint, 1874.
II.- i'.u u (L. C.). Buddhist Diet-Book.
1 8vo., pp. 80. New York, Ism;
Hooker (J.). tHimalayan Journals. Notes of a Naturalist in Bengal, the SikMm and
Nepal Himalayas, the Khasia Mountains, etc. 2 vols. With Plates. 8vo. London,
is;, 1.

Howortb 'Si,- n. ||. -History of the Mongols from the 9th to the L9th Century. Part
..

I.:The Mongols Proper and the Kalmuks. Part II. : The s,, -called "Tartars "of
Russia and Central Asia. 8vo. London, 1876-80
He, iM.,. Travels in Tartary, Thibet, and China, during the years 1844-6-6. Trans-
lated from the French by W. Hazlitt. 2 vols., 8vo. London (f 18
Hunter (Sir W. W.). a Comparative Dictionary of the Languages of India and High
Asia, it. London, 1868. 1.

Statistical Act of Bengal. \..i Darjiling, etc. London, 1877.

The Indian Empire: its History, People, and Products, 8vo. London, 1882.
II11 111. Geschichte des Buddhismus in der Mongolei. \u- dem Tibetischen des
oJigs-med nam-mk'a berausgegeben, uebersetzl and erlautert, Vol.I.: Vorrede.
Text. ECritische Anmerkungen. 8vo., pp. x., 296. Strassburg, 1892.
Hor Ch'os Byung. Geschichte des Buddhismus. Tram. Ninth Intern.. <

Orient., London, 1898.

Jabschks .11 \ \ Tibetan-English Dictionary, With Bpecial Reference t., the
Prevailing Dialects, i" which i- added an English-Tibetan Vocabulary
cloth, pp. \\ii.. 671. London, 1881.
.Iwikim 1 \l .. L'Epigraphic chinoise au Tibet. 8vo. Peking, 1830, etc
liedenis van let Buddhisme in Indie. 2 vols., royal 8vo., /ialf calf.
11 a ..: 1... 1
 BIBLIOGRAPHY. 581

Kern (H.). Der Buddhismus. 8vo., 2 vols. Liepzig, 1882, etc.

Saddharma Pundarika, or the Lotus of the True Law. Translated into
English, Vol. XXL, Sac. Books of East. 8vo. London.
The Jataka-Mala, or Bodhisattvavadana-Mala by Arya-cura (Harvard
Oriental Series, Vol. I.). 8vo. Boston, Mass., 1891.
Kircher (A.). China Monumentis, qua Sacris qua Profanis, nee non variis Naturse et
Artis Spectaculis, aliarumque reruin memorabilium Argumentis illustrata, Fol.
Amstelodami, 16(57.
Kirkpatrice. (Col.). An account of the Kingdom of Nepaul, being the substance of
observations made during a mission to that country in the year 1793. 4to.
J J
London, 1811.
Klaproth (J.). Description du Tibet traduile du Chinois, etc. Nouv., Jour. Asiat.,
Vol. IV., etc. Paris, 1831, etc.
Knight (E. F.).Where Three Empires Meet. London, 1893.
Krishna (A. K.).Account of the Pandits Journey in Great Thibet from Leh in
Ladakh to Lhasa, and of his return to India md Assam. 8vo. Vol. 47 of Royal
Geographical Society, 1877.
Koeppen (C. P.). Die Religion des Buddlm und ihre Entstehung, und die Lamaische
Hierarchie und Kiixkv, Vols. I.-IL, 8vo. Berlin, 1857-59.
Kreitner (Lt.-G.).In fernen Oaten, Vienna, 1881.
Lacouperie (Terrien de). Western Origin of the Early Chinese Civilization, 1894.
Lewin (Major T. H.). A Manual of Tibetan. Being a Guide to the Colloquial Speech
of Tibet, in a Series of Progressive Exercises. Pp. xi., 176. Calcutta, 1879.

Lillie (A.). Buddhism in Christendom. 8vo., pp. 410. London, 1887.
Koot Hoomi Unveiled Tibetan " Buddhists." pp. 24. London, 1884.
;

Macaulay. Report on a Mission to Siklnm. Calcutta, 1885.

Mackenzie (A.). Report on the Tribes of the North-Eastern Frontier of Bengal.
Calcutta, 1884.
Markham (C. R.).Narrative of the Mission of George Bogle to Tibet, and of the
journey of Thomas Manning to Lhasa, with notes, etc. 8vo. 2nd edition. London,
1879.
Marx (Karl;. History of Ladakh. J.A.S.B. pp. 97, et. seq. Calcutta, 1891.

Maters. Chinese Reader's Manual.
Mikhailooskii (V. M.). Shamanstoo (Shamanism in Siberia and European Russia).
Translated in Jour. Anthrop. Inst. London, 1894.
Monier-Williams (Sir). Buddhism, in its Connection with Brahmanism and Hin-
duism, etc. 8vo., pp. 583. London, 1889.
Montgomerie (T. G.). Journey to Shigatze, in Tibet, and return by Dingri-Maidan
into Nepaul in 1871, by the Native Explorer, No. 9. Vol. 45 of Roy. Geog. Soc.
London, 1875.
Mueller <F. Max).The Dhammapada, a Collection of Verses and the Sutta Nipata, a
;

Collection of Discourses; being two of the Canonical Books of

the Buddhists. Translated from Pali. Vol. X., Sacred Books.
8vo. London.
Buddhist Mahayana Texts. Sac. B. East., Vol. XLIX. 1894.
Nanjio (Bdnyio). A catalogue of the Chinese Translation of the Buddhist Tripitaka,
the Sacred Canon of the Buddhists in China and Japan. 4to.
Oxford, 1883.
A Short History of the Twelve Japanese Buddhist Sects. Tokyo,
1886.
Oldenberg (Hermann). Buddha his Life, his Doctrine, his Order. Translated from
;

the German by William Hoey, M.A. London, 1888.

Oldfield (H. A.). Sketches from Nipal, Historical and Descriptive, etc., to which is
added an Essay on Nepalese Buddhism, and illustrations of Religious Monuments,
etc. 2 vols., 8vo. London, 1880.
Ollivier Beauregard (G. M.).Kachmir et Tibet. 8vo., pp. 144. Paris, 1883.
Otto and Ristner. Buddha and His Doctrine. London, 1869. [Contains a biblio-
graphical list.]
Pander (E.). Das Pantheon des Tschangtscha Hutuktu em beitrage zur Iconographie
des Lamaismus. Konl. Museen, Berlin. 4to. 1890.
Pemberton (R. B.).Report on the Eastern Frontier of British India. 8vo. Calcutta,
1835.
Report on Bootan.With maps. Svo. Calcutta, 1839.
Prejevalski (Col. N. M.).The Tangut Country and the Solitudes of Northern Tibet,
being a Narrative of Three Years' Travels in Eastern
 582 APPENDIX I J.

High Asia. Translated by E. D. Morgan, with intro-

duction and notes, by Col. Henry Yule, C'./i. 2 vols.
8vo. London, 1876.
ruE.iKVAi.MU (Col. X. M.). Reisen in Tibet. 8vo., pp. 281. Jena, 1884.

Pbinsbp (H. T.). Tibet. Tart ary and Mongolia, their Social and Politieal Condition,
and the Religion of B Hi, "as there existing. 8vo. London, 1851.

Rajbndba Lai Mitha. The Sanskrit Buddhisl Lit. of Nepal. Calcutta, 1882.
RALSTON W. R. S.).- -Tibetan Tales, from Indian Sources, translated from the German.
I

Shiefner, with Introduction. Pp. lxvi. and 368. London, 1892.

Ramsay (W.). Western Tibet A Practical Dictionary of the Language and Customs
:

of the Districts included in the Ladak Wa/.arat. "Lahore, IS'.io.

Rknxik (Dr.).The Bhotan and Dooar War. London, 1866.
Kisi.kv ill. H.).Tribes and Castes of Bengal. " 2 vols. Calcutta, 1891.
En-ran iC.). Krdkunde, Vol. VI. Berlin.
Koi Kim i\V. W.).
i
Udanavarga, a Collection of Verses from the Buddhist Canon.
C piled by Dharmatrata. The Northern Buddhist version
of Dhammapada. Translated from the Tibetan of Bkahgyur.
Pp. vii. and 244. 1883.

The Life of the Buddha, and the Early History of his Order.
From Tibetan Works in the Bkah-hgyur and Bstan-hgyur.
With Notices on the Early History of Tibet and Khoten. Pp. '

284. 1884.
The Land of the Lamas. London, 1891.
Roero (O.). Ricordi dei Viaggial Cashemire .Medio Thibet. 8vo., 3 vols. Torino,
1881.
Sakatcanoea Das. Narrative of Travels in Tibet. Calcutta, 1885.
Schibfnbb (F. A.).Tibetische Studien. St. Peterb. Bull. Hist. Phil. Vol. viii.
Taranatha's Geschichte des Buddhismus in Indien aus dem
Tibetischen iibersetzt. 8vo. St. Petersburg, 1869.
Herrn Professor Wassiljew's Vorrede zu seiner Russischen Ueber-
setzungvon Taranatha's Geschichte des Buddhismus in Indien,
Deutsch mitgetheilt. 8vo., Si. Petersburg, 1869. Pam.
Buddhistische Triglotte, d. h. Sanskrit-Tilietisch-Mongolisches
Worterverzeichmss. Oblong 4to., pp. 73. St. Petersburg,
1859.
Ealacakra tantraraja, Handschr. aus dem Nachlasse des Aka-
demikers.
Schxagintwbit (E.).-Buddhism Tibet, illustrated by literary documents and ob-
in
jects of religious worship, with an account of the Buddhist
systems pr< ci dine, it in India. 8vo. London, 1868.
Le Bouddhisme au Tibet. Pp. 292, 1881 (Annales du Musee
Guimet, tome 3).
Ladak Gyal-rabs. Leipzig.
Si hi aoimtweit Sakvencikn-ki (H.vok i.Das Kaiserreich Ostindien und die angren-
zenden Gebirgslander. 8vo., pp. 639.
Jena, 1884.
Si inin. i (J. J.). Dsanglun, der Weise und der Thor, aus dem Tibetischen iibersetzl
una mil dem Original-texte herausgegeben. tto. St. Petersburg,
1843.
Geschichte der Ostmongolen und ihres Fiirstenhauses Verfassl von
Ssanang Sseteen. St. Petersburg, 1829.
Schoi'kmiai The World as Will and Idea. English translated by Haldane and
ii. (i ;

Kemp. vols. London, ISS3. ''

si.nm.'i (E, Essai mrla Legende de Buddha, 8vo.,pp. 196. Paris, 1882.
Siwiii iA. I'.i Esoteric Buddhism. Svo., pp. 215. London, 1S83.
Survey of India Reports. Various. Calcutta
Tawnbi C. ii Hatha Sarh Sagara, or Ocean of the Streams of Story. Calcutta.
[880.
Tempi i (Sir R. and R. C). - Journals kept in Hyderabad, Kashmir, Sikhim, and Nepal.
2 vols., 188]
Tbotteb (Captain H.). accounl of Pandil Nain Sing's Journ. (in 1865,
etc.). J. B,
3oc., vol. 17. 1887.
Tubni a (S.) An a ee. ,iuof an embassy to the Courl of the Teshoo Lama in Tibet,
it

containing a narrative of a journey through Bootan, and part of Tibet. Ito.

Lond
 BIBLIOGRAPHY AND MUHAMMADAN MASSACRE. 583

Vassilief. See Wassiljcw.

Waddell (L. A.). Lamaism in Sikhiin, Part II. of Gazetteer of Sikhim. 4to., pp. 171.
Calcutta, 1893. .

Wassiljew (W.). Der Buddhismus, seine Dogmen. Geschichte und Literatur. St,
Petersburg, 1860.
Le Bouddisme ; dogmas, son histoire et sa htterature. Pre-
ses
miere partie :Apercu general. Traduit du Russe par M. G. A.
Comme. 8vo. Paris, 1865.
Wilson (A.).The Abode of Snow. London, 1875.
Wright (D.).History of Nepal. Cambridge, 1877.
Yule (Sir H.). Cathay and the Way Thither. Vol.36. HakluytSoc. 8vo. London,
1868.
The Book of Ser Marco Polo. 2nd edition. 2 vols. 8vo. London,
1875.

Appendix III.

MUHAMMADAN MASSACRE OF LAMAISTS.

interesting glimpse into the religion of Northern Tibet

An
during the sixteenth century, and of the Moghul holy war against
the Lamas of that period, is got from the Tarikh-i-Rashidi by
Mirza Haidar, Dughlat of Kashgar a book recently discovered :

by Mr. Ney Elias, C.I.E., to whom I am indebted for the following

extract, illustrative of Muhammadan fanaticism. The work dates
to about 1546 A.D., and it is to be hoped that Mr. Elias' translation

of it be published.
will soon
The general, Mirza Haidar, writes " On the day appointed, I :

approached the fort (of Mutadar in Nubra), and the talons of Islam
seizing the hands of Infidelity, the enemy were thrown into dis-
order and routed. Having deserted the fort, they fled in confusion
and dismay, while the Musalmans gave them chase as far as was
possible, so that not one of these bewildered people escaped.
Burkapa was slain, all his men, and their heads
together with
formed a lofty minaret, so that the vapour from the brains of the
infidels of that country reached to the heavens. Thenceforth no
one dared offer resistance."
 ;

585

INDEX.

Alphabet (introduced Armenian Christians (in-

Abacus (of Asoka -pil- fluence of), 422.
lars), 409. into Tibet), 21.
Altar, 294, 428 (oti'er- Arrows in ceremonies,
Abbess, 233, 245, 275. ;

ings),423, 425; (devils'), 445. 483. 553-

Abbot, 172. Arupa, 85.
Abhasvara ((leva), 86. 299.
Arilpa-loka, 85, 86.
Abhi-dbavma, 159. Altun Khan, 501.
Amban, 254.
Aryabolo, 356.
Ablutions (ceremonial),
214, 423, 445. Am do, 43, 266.
Arya-deva, 8.
Abstinence, 134, 138,445. Amitabha (Buddha), ix., Aryapala, 356.
Abu, Mt.,95. 12, 127, 335. 336, 33 8 , Asam (shrines), 307.
Acala, 131, 364. 347. 348, 349. 35o ; Asahasatya (deva), 86.

Acanthus, 338. (paradise of), 127, 217. Asahga, 14, 141.

Amitayus,_348, 352, 444. Ascension, feast of, 504,
Acarya, 538.
Act-force, 30, 100.
Amogha-pasa, 352. 510 (of Buddha), 510;
;

Amogha-siddha, 349.35' (of St. Tsoh-K'a-pa),

Adam, 226.
510.
Adi-Buddha, 126, 130,
Amrita (ambrosia), 87. Asceticism, 6.
_ 348. f Amsuvarman, 20. Ashta mahgalam, 392.
Adityas, 367. Amulets, 571. Ashta ratna, 393.
Admission (to order),
Anabhraka (deva), 86. Asoka, 8 76. 442; (g^ts
173- An-againi, 136.
yEsculapius (Buddha),
of),397; pillars), 409 ;
Ananda, 8, 108. (railing of), 11.
353, 498, 509. Asoka
Afghan fanatics and Anatmaka, in. (tree), 338.
Ancestor-worship, 375. Assembly-hall, 260, 282.
Indian Buddhism, 16.
Anger, 109. Astrology, 450.
Afghanistan, 8, 26, 197.
Ani (title of nuns), 160, Asura (Titans), 81.
Agni, 367, 494, 496.
170, 202. Asva-ghosha, 8, 10.
Agnostic views, 7, 122.
Aniccam, in. Atapa-devii, 86.
Aj an ta caves, 108, 128.
Animals (ransomed), 265 Ansa, 35, 54-
A. It.", Pandit, 322.
killing of, 211, 213. Atman (or soul), 76, in,
Akanishtha (deva), 85,
Animism, 19, 26, 34, 55. 112. 121, 126, 141.
86.
409. Attitudes (of fingers),
Akasagarbha, 358. (of body),
Akshobhya, 349, 350. Anitya, in. 141, 337 ;

Antara-vasaka, 201. 335

Adala, 356. Aparagodhana, see godh
a 'i
Aureole, 337.
Alasadda, 9. anya. Auspicious (days), 455.
Alaya, or pantheistic Apramanabha (deva), 86 Avadana, 162.
soul-basis, see Atman. Apsaras, 86. Avalambana Sutra, 98.
Alchemy, 165. Arahatiam, 105, 137, 376 Avalokita, 15, 39, 35 6 5
Allahabad, 2,77- Archbishop, 187. (four-handed), 229, 357;
Almanack, 458. Architecture, 260. (eleven-headed), 1 5,357;
Alms (giving), 135, 138. Arhant, 105, 137, 376. (thousand-armed), 357;
Alms-bowl, 211, 212. Arhatship, 137. (female), see Tara.
586 iM)i:x.

Avalokitesvara, see Ava- Bhotan, 44, 226, 284, Buddha-palita, 139.

lokita. (sect), 55, 68. Buildings (religious , 254.
Avatansaka, 69, 125. Bhrikuti, 20, 23, 359. Bum (hook), 161.
Avatara-Lama, 227. Bihar-gyal-po Burial, 7, 305, 420.
Avici (liell), 95. Binzuru Sama, 353. Buriat (tribes), 41, 43,
Avidva, 110, 119. Birth, no, 117. 282, 372.
Avriha (deva), 86. Birth-stones, 101. 533. Burma, 8 (gods), 365 ; ;

Bishop, 187. (Mahayana element in),

Blessing, 239, 245, 306, 123, 142, 476 (monks ;

Bactria, 8, 108, 541. (attitude or), 237, (be- as schoolmasters), 566 ;

Baidurya-kar-po (chro- fore food), 214. (prayer flags 409,414; .

nology 20. ,
Blind (curing of), 550. (sacred plays), 527, 541.
Baikal (lake), 43. B6d(= Tibet . Burnt-ottering, 432, 533.
Bairotsana, 29. Bodhi (perfect Wisdom). Bu-ston, 20.
Bakshi, 56, 502, see also Bodhi-dharma, 8, 138. Butan, see Bhotan.
Bhikshu. Bodhi-druma, see Bodhi- Butter (candles), 296,
Balti, 266. tree. bas-reliefs, 239.
Bana, 156. Bodhisat (Bodhisattva), Byam-pa, 355.
Banaras, 134. 10, 137; (celestial), 348,
Bandya, 171. 354
Baptism, 448, 510. Bodhisatship, 138 ;
(sta- Caitya, 261.
Bardo (interval between ges), 139. Cakes, 219, 223, 297,299,
death and re-birth), Bodhi-tree, 6, 305, 343. 429, 449.
113,491, 562. Bod-pa (= Til>etan). Cakra. 390, 392.
Barhut, stupa, 345. Body (three - fold of Cakravartin, 389.
Bas-reliefs, 239. Buddha), 127, 347, Calendar, 454.
Bathing (ceremonial), (luciform), 127. Candles, 296.
214, 423, 445, 510; (of Bogle (Mr.), 236. Candragupta, 575.
images 424, 427.
,
Bon(religion), 19, 55,389; ( iandrakirti, 36, 139, 378.
Bats of good luck, (opposing Lamaism), Canon, 12, 54, 157;
4,
29;(extent),4i;(devil8), (Nepalese), 159; (Sou-
395-
27; (priests), 26, 34, thern), 10.
Beads, see Rosaries.
Becoming (of), 121. (sacrifices), 420. Canopus (star), 510.
Beduriya (Buddha), Bone (trumpets), 300, Canopy, 295,
353.
Beings (classes of), 101. 493; (ornaments), 483, Caps (of monks), 194; (of
Bel (tree), 394. see Skull. nuns), 199.
Bella (prayer), 298, 475. Bonze, 171, 422, and see Cardinals, 187.
Benares, 134. Bon. Car-procession, 312.
Benediction ,< !ha-wa), Books (sacred), 60. Cathedrals, 287, 300.
239,245,305,322
Bowl (alms), 211, 212. Cats, 520.
Benedictive attitude (oi
Boy-pupil, 173- Catur-mahara jakayika.
images), 237. Brahma (god), 85 ;
(hea- 84, 290.
Berkeley. 107, 121. vens of j, 86. (
'auldron, 533.
Besarh (Vaisali), 10. Bi aluminas, 6. Causal nexus, 105.
Bhagavan, 344.
Brahmani geese, 200,409. (lausation, chain of, 105.
Bhagaval t, 438.
Brahmanism, 6, 17. (!ave (hermitages), 254.
Bbairava-vajra, 62, 131, Bram-ze = Brahman. Celebrations, 434.
Bre-pung, aee De-pung. Celibacy, 193.
362.
Bhaisajyaraja, 353. Bril.sun, 2}, 359. Cemetery-dweller, 381.
Bhana. 156. Bri-kung, see Di-kung. (ienotaphs, 262.
Bharadvaja, 353. Brom Bakshi, 36. Censer, 323.
Bharhnl (stupa 345. .
Brom-ton, 36. (leremonies, 212. 420.
Bhava, no, 17. 1
Brugpa, see Pug-pa. ( V\ Lonese Buddhism, 9,
Bhavacakra, 109. Buddha, see yakya Muni: 123, 142, 470 [cere- ;

Bhavanam, 1 17.
(coming i,8eeMaitreya. rn 11 i a I u 11 i on and
Bhikshu, 170. 213. Buddhas, 123, 342; (celea fetishes in , 440 ;
(rice

BhikshunI, 160, 170,

tial), 12, 342; (Prat- images in), 329.

202. yeka), 123. Chab fug, 201.

Bblmmitra, 51. Buddha Gaya, 36, 305 ( Shadayatana, 1 10, 1
15.

Bhoga, 394. temple, 1

1 ;
(railing at) C hag-dor, 356.
1 1.
 ;

INDEX. 587

Chag-na dorje, 356. Chryse, 36. Dagger (necromantic),

Chag-wa (hand-blessing), Churamani, 263, 343. 445,483.
239, 245, 305, 322. Church, 169, 287. Dagoba, 262.
Chag-z'i-pa = 4-handed. Chutuktu, 232. Dag-po, 330.
Chain of Causation, 105, Cinha, 341. Dah-dar (arrow), 445,
119. Cintamani. 483, 553-
Chaitya, 261. Circumambulation, 287, Dah-pon, 553.
Chalice-cup, 225. 420. Dai Koko, 368.
Champa (Buddha), see Clairvoyance, 477. Dakkini, 1 29, 340, 366, 562.
Maitreya. Clapping hands, 486. Dalai Lama, 39, 227, 305 ;

Cham-pahi Ch'o-na, 128. Clergy, see Order and (list of), 233.
Chana-dorje, 356. Hierarchy. Da-lha, 88, 374.
Changachelling, see Clock (water-), 218. Damaru, 48.
Sang-na-ch'oling. Cloister, see Monastery. Dam-can, 371, 382.
Changes in Buddhism, 9. Clothes, 200, 511. Dana, 138.
Ch'ang-skya, 243, 252. Clothes of images (nab- Dance (devil), 34, 477 ;

Chiin-rassig, see Avalo- ze), 424. (lion), 539; (sacred), 5 1

5.

kita. Colleges, 178. Dante's Inferno, 93.

Charity, 138, 398, 493, Colossal images, 320. Dapung, 63, 269^
566 (by words), 133,
;
Colours, 331, 337. Dara Eke, see Tara.
146. Commandments, 134. Dar-c'og, 410.
Charms, 387, 571. Commentaries, 164. Darjeeling, 258, 288, 370,
Chase of Scape-goat of Conception (festival of), 43-
ill-luck, 512. 503- Darsana (ta-ira), 61.
Chechuling, see Ts'e- Conch-shell (trumpet), Dartya, 99, 369.
ch'og-ling. 298. Darwinian descent, 21.
Chemiling, see Tso-mo- Confession, 160. Dasa bhumisvara, 139.
ling. Consciousness, no. Dasa-sila, 134.
Chenresi, see Avalokita. Contemplation, 138, 141. Daughters (of Mara), 6,
Chetang (mon.), 412,576. Continuity (of becoming) 109.
Chiamdo, 278, 577. 112. Days, names and sym-
China, 8, 20, 43, 247. Corea, 8. bols for, 455.
Chinha, 341. Cosmology, yj. De, see Dre, 494.
Ch'i-fier, 188. Costumes, 200, 511. Death, 100 (god of), see
;

Chin-lab, 176, 434. Council (great), 9 ; (of Yama ;

(ceremonies),
Chi nsreg(burnt offering), Rajagrina), 159 (Vais- ; 488.
432, 498, 533. ali), 10 (Kanishka), 9.
;
Debang, see De-pung.
Ch'o (= Dharina), X32, Country-gods, 369. Deb-raja, 242.
156. Court-ceremonies(atLha- Decalogue, 134.
Ch'oga, 434. sa), 322;(atTashi-lhun- Deer (lord of), 134, 360;
Ch'6i-de, 255. po), 321. (masks of), 531, 537.
Ch'oikyong, 363, 477. Cow-god, 404. Deer-park, 134.
Ch'o-je, 186, 477. Cowls, 195. Degrees, 185.
Ch'o-k'ang, see Jo-k'ang. Creed (the Buddhist), i
Deities, 324.
Clvorten, 262. 105, 133- !
Delhi (Hastinapura), 552.
Ch'os - kyoii (demons), Cross, 30, 389. I
De-lok, 100.
363, sorcerers, 477. Crossing (oneself), 423. I
Dem-ch'og, 163, 363.
Choir-master, 188. Cuda-mani, 263, 343. Dement, 101, 567.
Chom-dan-das (Buddha), Cycle of Life, 105. Demo-jong or Den-jong
344- Czar, 167 (as the goddess
;
(Sikhim).
Chongju Sewang, 512. Tara), 359. De-not sum, 159.
Christian (miracle-mon- Deparaja, 242.
gering), 307 ; (relic- De-pung (monastery), 63,
worship), 318 (ritual),
;
I)aba(a monk), 178. 189, 228, 269.
422. Dab-chad (magical fig- Der-chok, see (Darc'og),
Christians, Nestorian, ure), 153. 410.
influence of, 421. Dab-Ilia, see War God. Der-ge, 159, 202, 278.
Christmas-tree, 81. Da-dar (arrow), 445, 483, Descent (from heaven),
Chronology, Tibetan, 20, 553- 504, 510.
397 ;
(table), 452, 575. Dagarbha, 262. Desid, 40, 240, 253.
 ;

588 INDEX.

Desire, 109, no, 116 (see Discipline, 187, 192. Dii-k'ang (assembly hall),
Mara). Disease (remedies for), 260, 287.
De-srid, 40, 240,253,577. 401, 405. Dukkha, 1 1 1.
Destiny, 30. Divination, 450; (by Duk-pa, see Dug-p i,
Deva (gods). cards), 465 (by beads),; Dul-va, 159.
Deva (monk), 8. 465; (Ity dice, 466). Durga, 129, 364.
Deva-chan, 127, 139. Divisions, 54. Dnr-k'rod (graveyard
Deva-loka, 87. Divyavadana, 108. ghouls), 537.
Devi (she-devil), 364. D6, 159. Dyaus-pitar, 356, 367.
Devils, 93, 99, 363, 369 ; Doctrine, 132. Dying, 100, 448.
(dance), 34, 477 ; (dis- 1logras destroying nions.,
ease - causing), 405 282.
(exorcising), 369, 494. Dogs (metempsychosed Earth (spirits), 344; (de-
De-wa-chan, 127, 139. men) 567; (bite charm), mons), 484.
De-wa z'un, 254. 406. Bating charms, 401.
De-z'in-s'eg-pa, 345, 353- Dol- Jang, 359. Ecstatic state, 128.
Dhamek (stupa), 134. Dol-kar, 359. Education, 173; (of laity),
Dhamma-pada, 162. Dol-ma, 358. 566.
I Mima, 138, 493. Do-ma, 358. Eggs (on altar), 423.
Dhana Nanda, 393. Dd-mang, 163. Ego, 100, 112, 121, 124.
Dharani, 141. Dom-bakshi, 36. Eightfold (path), 133;
Dharitii (mother-earth), Domestic Laniaism, 566. (division of relics), 306;
,
344- Dom-ton, 36 (division of gods), 366,
Dliarina. 133. Dor-je (Vajra), 298,341 369-
;

Dharma-cakra, 2,37- (ch'an),352;(dan),305; Ekotibhava, 12. 1

Dharma-kaya, 127, 347.

,
(.l;ui-z i).344,353; (ji^. Elder (monks). 174.
Dharma-kirti, 30, 37S. je),62; (kyil-dnii). 335; (J rand Lamas,
Election of
Dharma-pada, 162. (legs), 371, 382; (16- 246.
Dharma-palas (devils), pon), 293; (p'ag-mo), Elements (five), 453; (of
233,245,275; (sem-pa), body), 263
Dliarina raja lot' lmolan), 352; (tak), 55, 73, 277. Elephant (white), 390;
226,233,242.(01 Lhasa), Dor-ma, 297. (episode), 337.
303- Dragon (thunder), 395. Eleven-headed Avalo-
Dharmatrata, 377. Drag-po, 330. kifca, 15.357.
Dliarina saiira, 320, 497. Drag-s'e, 330. Emanation, 347.
Dharmasokaj 8, 76,398. Drama, 539, (Bur se), Empedocles, 109.
Dhatu-garbha, 144. 54'- Endowments, 194.
Dhrita-rashtra, 84. Dra-pa (monks), 178. Energy (female), 129.
Dhyana, 136, 138. Drawings and paintings, Entrance to order, 171.
Dhyani-Bedhisabs, 130. 239- Epidemic (remedies for),
Dhyani Buddhas, -
130, Iress(monastic), 194.200. 405.
336, 349- Dril-lm (hell), 298, 341. Established Church, 54.
T
Dialectic, 184. Dri-med knn-dan (da- Ether, 77. 264.
Dialects (Bnddha'a ser- ta ka play), 540. Ethics, 19, 132.
1

mons iip. vi. 1

Drink (tea), 215, (spiri- Eucharist of La naism,
Diamond (souled), 352; tuous), 225. 444-
(throne), 505, 344. Dri-za, 84, 367. Europe (Lamaism in), 9,
Dice, 4'.'', (leaded), 512. Drugs (mystic words as), 282.
Diet oi Lamas, 225. 401. Everesl (Mt.), 371, 450.
I tikung (monast.), 38,55, Drum (sacred), 48, 300. Examinal ion(candidates'
69.276. I
>sog ch'en, 47, 72 ; (a orders), [82; (physical),
Dina-cariyawa, 511. monk), 47. 173; (for degrees) [82;
Ding-pttn, \. Dnb-ch'en, 378. (test books), 174. [83 ;

Dipamkara, Luddha.,345, Duck (Brahmani), 200, (of Grand Lama

511. 409. Excrescence (on skulls
Dipamkara (monk), 35, Dud, 03,99, 363, 369. 343-
see At isa. Diid Dub jed, 153. Exercising deal h-devil,
Dipa-11 mi sel ii.i si (ambrosia), 87.
I 1
494
Disciples, 176 (the Six- Pug pa (seel 55, 66, 68,
1. Exoteric Buddhism,
been), 376. 242 (southern), 55.
; 1 2.S.
 ; ,

INDEX. 589

Expiring breath (exer- Four paths, 133. Gotama, see Sakya.

cise), 145. Four truths, 132. Graces (before meat and
Expulsion from Order, Frog (three-legged), 456. drink), 214.
192. Full moon (day), 501. Grades of monkhood, 171.
Eye (bestowing of), 550; Funeral (rites), 488. Grain, consecrated, 323,
(thousand), 357. 488.
Eye-shades, 306. Grand Lama, 37. 233,
Eye tooth of Buddha, Gab-dan or Gah-ldan 303, 305; (list of Dalai),
318. (monastery), 61, 189, 233 ;
(Tashi-lhunpo),
268. 235 ; (Sakya). 241 ;

Gah-rab dor-je, 73. (TJrgya), 240; (Bhotan),

Fa Hian, 551. Gambling, 470 226, 242 ; (receptions),
Faith (salvation by), 12, Games (of chance), 465. 321.
146, 153, 499. Gandhara, 14, 517. Greek art-influence, 13.
Familiars (spirits), 374. Gandharvas, 84, 367. Gridhra-kuta, 161, 377.
Family cults, 372, 566. Gandhola (temple), 305. Grol-ma, see Tara.
Fan (palm-leaf), 195. Ganesa, 368. Grub-pa, 141, 152, 378.
Fan (tribe), 33. Garbha, 260. Guard ans(supernatural)
Fasting, 501. Garlands, 297, 425. . 369, 374-
Fatalism, 30, 567. Garlic (forbidden to Guhyapati, 61, 352.
Father (title of Jupiter), monks), 225. Guilt-offering, 449.
356, 487 (title of La-
;
Garma-khia, 272, 477, Gujarat, 80.
mas), 566. 481. Gupta characters, 22.
Features (of Buddha), Garuda, 81, 367, 387. Gur-gon, 70.
343 (of gods), 333 ; (of
; Gatha, 162. Guru Padma (or Rimbo-
demons), 334. Gati, 101. ch'e), see Padma-sam-
Feet (of Buddha), 335. Gautama, see Sakya, bhava.
Festivals, 501 (monthly), ; Gaya, 305, 344. Gusri-khan, 39.
502 ; (annual), 50. Ge-dun (clergy), 169. Gya-jin, see Indra.
Fetishes, 238, 446. Gedun-dub, see Gedun- Gyal-ch'en, 84, 290, 538.
Fig-tree (sacred), 343. grub. Gyal-gon rimpo-ch'e, 235.
Filigree work, 572. Gedun-grub, 38, 63, 230, Gyal-po (king - devils),
Fines, 192. 233- 369-
Fire (sacred), 296. Gedun-gya-ts'o, 233, Gyalts'an (banner), 408.
Fish (ransoming), 448. Ge-k'o (officer), 188, 193. Gyal-wa-rimpo-ch'e, 39,
Five (groups of), 347, 397. Ge-lon (ordained Lama), 228.
Flags (luck or "rjrayer"), 171,213. Gyamtsho, 227, 233.
409. Gelou-nia, 160, 170, 202. Gyantse (mon.), 278, 317
Flames (from head), 343; Gelong, see Gelon. Gye-bo (Gyal-po), 369.
(enveloping body), 337 Gelug-pa (sect), 36, 38, Gyud (Tantra), 129.
(in hell), 93; (thirst as), 54- 59-
97-
n
Genen, 171.
Flesh (sacrifice), 495, 529. Genii, 367; (local), 371. Hair (of Budda), 343 ;
Flower-offerings, 297,425. Ge-s'e, 185. (tonsure of candidates),
Flowers (conventional Gets'ul, 171. 179.
forms of), 339. Ghosts, 498. Halo, 318, 337.
Flux (life as a), 121. Gifts, 138, 398, 493, 566. Hanle (monastery), 283.
Flying-horse, 390, 410. Giorgi, 2. Hanuman, 19.
Fo, see Buddha. Glacier (torture), 95 ;
Hare, in moon, 102.
Food offerings, see Cakes, (gods of), 370. Hariti, 99.
Oblations Goblins, 369. Harsha-vardhana, 20.
Footprints, 392. Godhanya, 80. Hartmann, 107, 121.
Foretelling, 458. Gods, 86, 324. Hastinapur, 552.
Forms of prayer, 435. Golden-fish, 393. Hastings (Warren), mis-
Formula (of causal nex- Gompa (monastery), 255, sion of, 236.
us), 105; (spells for ros- 287. Hats, 194 (red), 68,
; 73,
ary), 150. Gon-po (devil), 365. 195 (yellow), 61, 195
; ;

Fortune-telling, 458. Gorakhas, 53, 578. (black), 61.

Foundation of buildings, Gorakhuth, 292. Haya-griva, 62, 164, 364,
259. Gosirsha, 394. 529.
 I

590 INDEX.

Heart (the sacred), 147. Huhlighan, 227. Irdhi, 128, [41.

Heavens, 84; Brahma's), |
Hue, Fere, 2. Iron-tower (in S. India),
86; (India's), 85, 87. Hum, mystic ejaculation.
Hells, 90; (cold), 95; (hot), Human (hones), 300, 483, Islita-devata, 152.
93- 493 ;
(sacrifices). 516, Islam, 16, 387, 583.
Hemis (monastery), 282; 518. Isvara, 141.
(play at), 521, 528. Hung, see Hum. Itinerancy, 211, 212.
Heraclitus, 121. Hunterian spelling, xviii.
Hercules, 374. Hutuktu, 232.
Heredity, 100. Huxley on Karma, ioo. Ja, see Tea.
Hermits, 223. Hwa Shang, 31, 378, 534. Jacob's ladder, 510.
Heruka, 51,131, 496, 530. Hymn hook score, 433. Jagannath (idol car), 313.
He-vajra, 131, 363. Hymns (to Tara), 435; Jainism, 4, 339, 424;
Hexagrams, 456. (to Trinity), 439. (saints), 389, 393, 397.
Hierarchical Buddhism, Hypnotism (self-), 141. Jai-yung, see MaiijusrL
227. Jalandhara, 9.
Hierarchy, 227; (female), Jalendra, 368.
226. Ichneumon, 368, 2,77- Jambhala (god), 151, 368.
Himavat, 19. Iddhi, 128, 141. Jambu tree, 80.
Himis (111011.), 282; (play [ddhi-pada, 141. Jambudvipa, 80.
at), 521. Identity (personal), 112, Jambu-ling, see Jambu-
Hlna-yana, 10, 123. 121. dvipa.
Hindu (mythology), 76. Idolatry, 12, 13, 15, 324. Jam-pa, see Maitreya.
History, nebulous, x., Ignorance, 105, no, 119. Jam-yang, 355.
19. Illusion, 7, 101, 107. 121. Japan, 9, 27, 136, 145,
Hiuen Tsiang, 15, 19, 26, Images, 13, 15, 291, 324; 327, 345, 352, 353, 3?3,
56, 108, 307, 330, 338, (colossal), 32o;(insignia 395; (God of Wealth),
501, etc. of), 341; (self-created), 368; (rosaries), 202.
Hoblighan, 232. 292, 304; (stone), 278, Jaramararia, 10. 1

Hodgson (Brian H.), 12. 339; (union with), 446. Jatakas (former births),
Hog (symbolizing Btu- Image-worship, origin of, [oi; (as plays), 533.
pidity), 109. 13. 324- Jati, no.
Holies (the three), 388, Incantations, 141. Jengiz Khan, t>7-
39- Incarnate deities, 40. Je rin-po-ch'e, see Tson-
Holy days, 501. Incarnate Lamas, see Re- K'a-pa.
Holy plays, 515. incarnation. Jetavana, 135.
Holy-water, 298. Incense 222, (butter), Je-tsun dampa, see Tara-
Homa, 43 2 49. 533- -
natha.
Homeric views, 367. India (origin of Buddh- Jewel (the three), 33, 388,
Honouring persons or ism in). 5 (changes),
; 390 (wish -granting
; ,

things, 287, 420. 9; (expulsion from), 544-

Hor tribe (Turki). 16. Jig-ten-ha (
= worldly).
Ilorn (exorciser's), 488. Indian (gods), 76, 367; Jina, 130, 267, 336,349-
Horoscopes, 459; (an- (monks), 3763 (shrines), Jl/.o, 345.
nual), 460 ; (special), 305; ( ? Vedic charms), J nana, 138.
481 ;
(death), 489. 401. Joll, 263.
Horse (car celestial), 32; Individuality, F2, 124. 1 Jo-nan, 55, 70.
(dragon), 410; (flying). India, 86, 356, 367; (as a Jong-ni, 49.
390 ;
(flags), 409. Vaksha), 369. Jo-rin-po-ch e, 345.
Hoshang, 31, 37- 534- Induction-ceremony, 178. Jo-WO-K'ang cathedral |,

Hospitals, 269. Inferno, 90; (source of 23, 281, 300.

Houris, Dante's)* 94. Judgment of dead, 91,
Houses (of Lamas), 260 ; Initiation, 178, 1S5.
(god of), 372- ,
Inspiration (physical in Jugglery, 47<'>-
Howling dei ii-dancer, ifoga), [45. Junior monks, 177.
477- .
Instruments, 298, 300. Jupiter, 86, $56,
, ,

Hi 1. invocation bo A.valo- Intercalation 01 dag s and plane! 1,45] PluVlUfl ;

.

kit a, 147, 3 2 4,402. months. |; j. ;

thunder- boll .

I -11:111 chuang,see Hiuen [nveeture, 178, 1S5. 27; (heavens of .

Tsiang. [o (goddess), 373,404- Jyoti, 263.

 , ;

INDEX. 591

Ka-che, 266. Kashmir, 8, 11, 26, 163, Kshatriya, 390.

Kadam-pa (sect), 36. Kshitigarbha, 181, 34;
Kah-chan (Kab-chu) 1 86. , Iv as-tub-je, 59.
Kah-dam-pa, 36, 54. Kasyapa (Buddha), 346; Kshitipati, 358, 372.
Kah-gyur (canon), 157. (monk), 8, 346, 350. Ku (see body and image).
Kah-gro, 129, 366, 429, Katak, 269. Kublai Khan, 27- 227.
562. Kaundinya, 345. Kuchar Khanpo, 323.
Kah-lon, 254. Kavaca (amulet), 148, Kuku Khotun, 43, 282.
Kailasa( mount), 19, 78,80. 401, 573- Kuku Nor, 227.
Kaiser, see Kesar. Ken-diiling (Kun-de-ling Kumarila, Bralimanical
Kalacakra, 15, 131, 163, monastery), 253, mon. opponent of Buddhism.
269. Kesar (King), 20, 167, Kumbhanda, 84, 369.
Kala-devi, 129, 334, 364, ^478. Kumbum, 158, 280, 577.
537- Kevalatma, 76. Kun-de-ling, 253.
Kalanatha, 151, 363, 365, Kha-ba-c'an(Himalayas), Ku-her, 188.
537- 19. Kun-gah-wo, see Ananda.
Kalasutra (hell), 94. Khakkara, 211, Kun-tu-zah-po, 349.
Kali, 14, 129, 131, 334, Khalka (Tartars), 70. Kurim, 449, 521.
364, 537- Khalsa, 163. Kuru, 80.
n
Kalimpong, 284. Khandha, 114. K 11 run (or Urgya), 281.
Kalinga, 269, 544. Khan-po (abbot), 172. Kushok, 232.
Kalnmk (Tartars), 9, 42. Khas-grub-je, 59. Kusi-nagara, 307.
Kalpa, 76, III. Kha-s'or ch'orten, 315. Ku-s ok, 232.
Kalpa tree, 86. Khatmandu (K'o-bom), Kutila letters, 22, 149.
K'am (eastern Tibet). 315- Kuvera, 368.
Kama, 84. Khatvanga, 341. Kwan-non, 249, 356, 359,
Kamala-slla, 31. Khecara, 366.
Kama-loka, 84. Khorlo, see Cakra. Kwan-she-ym, 356, 359.
K am-ts'an, 189. Khoten, 44. Kwan-yin/249, 356, 359.
Kanaka-muni, 346, 351. Khri Srong de-tsan, 24, 435-
Kane hin j u n g a moun- ( 245. Kyab-gon, 244.
tain), 49, 2>7' 43 Khroda, 332, 334. Kye-lang (monast.), 384.
511. Khriis-sol, 448, 502, 510. Kyil k'or, 319.
Kan-do, 366, 429, 562. Khublai Khan (king), 37,
Kang-gyur, 157. 227.
_

Kang-s'ag, 221, 477. Kublaighan (incarna- La-brang (mon. ), 258, 5 12.

Kanishka (Kanerkes), 8, tions), 233. Ladak, 43, 171, 265, 282,
9, 12, 108, 573. Khutuktu, 232. (mystic play), 521.
Ivanjur, 157. Kilang (monastery), 384. Lag-na-Dorje, see Vajra-
K'an-po (an abbot), 172. Kinchinjunga, 49, 370. pani.
Kant, 107. Kings (4 guardian), 84 ; Lahul, 284.
Kapala, 341, 353, 363. (5 great), 369, 477, 538. Laity, 170, 566.
Kapilavastu, 541. Kinnara, 367, 552. La-k'ang, 287.
Kargyu-pa (sect), 55, 63. Kirghis, 43. Lalita (posture), 336.
Karma (act-force), xviii. Kitchen (god), 373, 404; Lalita-vistara, 162.
30, 100, 106, 222, 567 ; (monastic). 191. Lama (meaning of
(Huxley on), 100. Knowledge (true), 133. word), 28 (the first), ;

Karma (sect), 45, 52, 55. Kobo Daishi,27, (way of). 29; (order), 170; (num-
Karma-bakshi, 67. Koko, Dai, 368. bers), 41 (Grand), 226.
;

Karma-kya (mon. ), 272, Koko-Nor, 227. Lama Yuru (monast. ),

477 ;
(oracle), 481. Konch'og-gyalpo.
Karma-marga, 57. Kon-ch'og-sum (the three Lamaism, 17, 19, 30, 41
Karmashar (mon.), 272, Gems, see Triratna). (reformation), 36; (sects
477 ; (oracle), 481. Koot Hoomi, 129. of), 54.
t
Kart'og-pa, 55, J^. Kraku-cchanda, 346, 351. Lamas (order of), 169.
Kar-tsis (astrology), 450. Krashi-Lunpo, see Tashi- Lamaseries, 255.
Karuna, 356, and see lhunpo. Lam -de, 57.
Avalokita. Krishna, 378. Lam-don (sgron), 57.
Ka'sarpani, 356. Kro-bo, 332, 334. Lamps, 296/298; (festival
Kashgar/583. K'rodha, 332, 334, 438. of), 511.
 ,

592 IAD EX.

Lam-rim (dogmatic by L6b-pon, 188, see Padma- Maha-utpanna, 72.

Tson-K'apa), 57. sambhava. Maha-vagga, 123.
Lanca (letters), 149. Lob-ta (school), 260. Maha-yana doctrine, 10.
Lan-darma, 34, 54 ;
(as- Lob-zang tak-pa, see 124, 137.
sassin of), 520, 529. Tson-K'apa. Mahoragas, 367.
Lanka, see Ceylon. Locana, 350. Maitreya (Buddha), 122,
Lanterns (feast of), 51 t. LG-Dug-pa (sect), 68. 320,355.
Lapcha (cairn), 283, 285. Lokantarika, 96. Maitr! (love), 136.
Lapis lazuli, 81. Lokesvara (princes), ^33- Makara, 391.
Lares. 215, 484. Lok-pal, 84. Makuta Stupa, 315.
Latsiin Ch'embo, 45, 55. Long (dragon), 410. Mallas, crested Stupa of,
Law, see Dharraa; (true), Lo-pon, 188. 317-
126. L6-tsava, 187. Mamaki, 350.
Lay-brothers, 170. Lotus (symbol of perfec- Mamo (she-devils), 370,
Laymen, 170. 566. tion, etc.), 338.339, 388; 383-
Leh, 282. (birth from), 86, 381. Manasardvara, 266, 376.
Lepchas, 285, 286, 379. Love (brotherly), 136. Manchu(dynasty),49,254.
Letters (Tibetan), 22, Lo-zang, see Tson-K'apa. Manchuria, 43.
149. Lu, see Naga. Mandala, 144, 163, 181,
Levitation of body, 128, Lu-'bum. 217, 266, 296, 397, 444.
141. Luck (ill), (scapegoat of), Mandarawa, 382.
Llia (gods), see Deva. 512. Mandong, 261.
Lba-k'a (sorcerer), 482. Lucky days, 455, 457. Manes, 96.
Lha-k'an, 287. Lung-ta, 409. Mangala (ashta), 392.
Lba-mayin, 81. Lung-tog Yam-Thso, 233. Mangala-sutta, 135.
Lba-mo (she-devil), 334. L'un-se ( begging-bowl), Mang-ja, 189.
Lhasa (name), 23 (cathe- ;
211, 212. Mang-yul, 260.
dral), 23, 3<x>;(Potala), Lust, 109, 115, 119. Mam (mystic prayer),
229 ; (red hill), 229, see 148; (prayer-cylinders),
Marpo-ri (vicar apos-
; 149 ; (stone-walls, 261.
tolicus of), 2. Madhyamika (schools) Mani-Kah-'bum, x., 19,
Lhato (cairn), 283, 285. n, 124. 166.
Lha-t'o t'o-ri, 19. Ma<)ios(Mal-gro),266,376. Man j u-ghosha, 355.
Lhatsiin Ch'en-bo, 45, Magi, doctrine of, 394. MaiVju-sri (god of Wis-
48, 55 ; (introd. Lama- Magic-circles, see Man- dom), 12, 161,339,355.
ism to Sikhim), 49-51. dala, (-sentences), 142. 460; (incarnations), 35,
Lhd-Dug-pa (sect), 68. Magic (sympathetic). 401, 231.
Libation to devils, 215, 404, 446. Man-la (medical Bud-
Margom, 74. dlias), 353.
Li nary, 168.
I Maguta (stupa), 315. Man-mo (spirits), 371.
Licchavi tribe, 19. Malia-deva, 151, 363, 537. Manning (Mr.), 2.

Life, 102, (elixir of), 81 ; Maha-iataka, 540. Mantra (spells), 141, 149;
(eternal), 443 ; (ransom- Maha-kala, 1 5 1 22 1 363,, ,
(for rosary), 150;
ing), 265, 448. 365, 537- (vehicle), 128, 151.
Li mlm (tribe), 484. Maha-Kf
Kasyapa, 8, 1 59, Mantrayana, 15, 128, 143,
Ling (royal monastery), 160. 151.
2 53- Maha Maugdalyayana,
- Maim (date of), 92.
Linga (offering to devils), 8, 98, 108, 376. Manushi or human Bud-
423. 428, 483- Maha-purusha, 129. dhas, 350.
Ling-k a, 423, 483. 532. Maha-parinirvana sutra, Mara (god <>f desire), 6,
Lion (pillars), 409, 414 162. 88, 344, 375; (his
;

(posture), 343;(throne), Maha-rajas (of quarters), daughters), 109 ;

(Ins
devils), 6, 517.
336, 343; (voiced), 151, 84.
356, 379- Maliaram, 364. Marici, 219, 361.
Litanies, 444. Maha-raurava (hell), 95. Mar-me-dsad, see Dipam-
Literature, 155. Maha-sanghika, 10, 123. kara.
Liturgy, 444. Maha-siddha, 378. Mar-pa, 55, 64.
Living, Maha-sravaka, 378. Marpo-ri (hill), 21.
Li-yul, 44. Maha-sthavira, 378. Marriage (by capture),
Lob-nor, 393. Mah&l ma, 3. 553 ; (horoscopes), 458.
 ; ,

INDEX. 593

Mars (planet), 455. Ming (dynasty), 38. Na-ch'un (oracle), 478,

Marat (storm-gods), 332. Miracles, 247, 249 (Chris- ; 521.
iVfasho (vill.), 512. tian), 307. Na-dag-pa, 55, 73.
Masks (for actors), 536 ; Mirror (magical), 393,44=;, Na-dan 376.
(mortuary), 496, 497. 482. Naga, 11, 84, 104, 164,
Masquerades, 515. Misery, no, 132 ;
(of 1 56, 289, 368 (worship)
;

Materialism, 76. gods), 90. 164, 267, 499, 508.

Mati-dhvaja, 38. Missals, 157. Naga-raja, 289.
Matrika (yum), 129, 163, Missionaries (Buddhist), Nagasena, 124, 377,476.
362. 8, 376 (Roman,
;
in Nag-pa (sorcerer), 209,
Matter (views of), 77. Lhasa), 2. 475, 479, 483.
Maudgalyayana, 8, 98, Mitre, 24, 197. Nag-po Ch en-po (Maha-
108, 376. Mo (divination), 465. . kala), 365.
Maya (illusion), 7, 101, Moha, 109, 113. Nag- wan Lo-zan Gya-ts'o,
107, 121. Monasteries, 255 ;
(list
39, 47, 227, 233, 253,
Maya(Buddha's mother), of), 266.
507. Mongol, patronage of Nah-dag, 73.
May-pole, 410. Lamaism, 37, 39. Nah-t'i-tsan-po, 19.
Mayurasana (peacock Mongolia (Lamaism in- Nail-parings of Lama s
throne), 336, 350. trod. to), 38, 43, 70; (as charms), 402.
Mayuri, 340. (re-introd.), 501. Nain Singh, 266, 512.
M e - h a (geomantic Mongolian (alphabet and Najarjuna, 8, 10, II, 1 5,
figures), 457. scriptures), 38, 158; 69, 125 164, 378.
Medical Buddha-gods, (Lama), 45. Nakula, 377.
353, 498, 509. Monkeys, origin from, Nalanda, 24, 64.
_
Medicine (sympathetic), 19 ; (symbol), 1 1 5. Nal-jor (= Yogacarya),
401, 404, 446. Monkhood, 170. 141.
Meditation (Dhyana), Monlam (celebrations), Nama-rupa, no, 115.
136, 138, 335 422. Namchi (monastery), 259,
Meditative (attitude), Month (festivals of), 502. 285.
33S- Monuments (religious), Nam-c'u van-dan, 142.
Me-lha (fire-god), 67, 261. Names of Buddha, 203,
,4?6, 533-. Moral conduct, 133 ;
353- e
Melong (mirror), 393. (rules), 134. Names of monasteries,
Menander, 124, 357, 541. Morality, 132. 257, 266.
Mendicant Lamas, 48. Moru monastery, 477. Nam-go (masts), 487.
Men-dong, 261. Moulmein, 36. Namgyal (monast.), 253,
Merchant monks, 224. Mountain-gods, 370.
Mercury (planet), 199. Mriga-dava, 134. Nam-t'o-sriis, 84, 370.
Mercy (god of), 356 (god- ;
Mucalinda (Naga) 345. Nan (devil),372-
dess of), 359, 435. Mudra (attitudes), 141,
Nanda (naga), 368.
Merit (action of), 101.
Nandas (the nine), 393.
Meru (mount), 78,398,400. Muhammadan (expulsion Nan-sa(playof), 553.
Mesmerism, 129. of Buddhism), 16, 583.
Naraka (hell), 90.
Metamorphosis, 100. Mummers, 515.
Nari-K'or-sum, 265, 266.
Metaphysics, 76, 159. Mummery, 144, 224.
Metempsychosis, 100,226. Muni (sage), 5, 311, 345. Naro, 16.
Mewa, Music, 432.
Narthang (111011.), 156,
457.
Middle-path, Musical instruments, 298, 158, 159.327.
11, 124.
Mig-mar (Mars), Natha, 365.
455. 300 (notation), 433.
Mig-tse-ma, 190.
;

Musician (heavenly), 83. Nats (of Burmese), 365

Mila-riispa (saint), 55, 64, Mystery-play, 5 1 5.
Navakosa, 393.
Navaniddhi, 393.
167. Mystic (sentences), 141,
Milinda, 146, 148.
Navang Lobsang, see
124, 357, 476,
Mystical Buddhism, 128,
Nag-wan.
541.
Milinda paiiha, Nava-ratna, 393.
124. 142.
Milinda prasna, Mysticism, 124, 128, 142.
Nayablin, 81.
124.
Mind, 114. Mythologv, Nayakas, 180.
76, 324
Mindolling, (of Hindus), 77, 324, Ne-chung (oracle), 478,
55, 73, 173,
521.
277. 366.
QQ
 594 IXDEX.

Necromancers, 478. Om mani padme hum, Parasu, 341.

N e -den(chu-tug), 376. 139> 148. Pari (Lama), 326.
Nen-nii, 170. O-pa-me, 349. Paribhogika, 420.
Nen-tU 170. Oracles, 475 (of govern-
;
Pari -nirvana, II, 120,
Neophyte, 178. ment), 478. J22.
Nepal, 8. 20, 44, 260. 284, Order (of Lamas), 168. Paritta, 142, 446,
315, 382,470; (canon), Order, 168. 476.
139- .
Ordination, 185. Parivrajika, 178, 185.
Nestonan influence in Organs (sense), 115. Park ha (signs), 456.
China and Tibet, 421 Original sin, 115, 160, Paro (monastery), 44, 278,
Netan c'u-drug, 376. 222. 284,293.
Newars, 328, 456, 470. Orisons, 219. Parsva (monk). 8.
New-moon (day). 501. Otantipura (vihara), 2S, Patanjali. 128, 141.
New Year (festival), 36, 266. Paternal Buddhas, 339.
J
5 3- Path (eight-fold), 133.
Nihbana, see Nirvana. Paticca-sainujipado, 105.
Nidana, 105, 107, 10. 1 Paccaya, 106. Patimokkha, 160.
Nihilism (sophistic , 125. Padma, 95. Pato(mon.), 44, 278, 284,
Nimbus, 2)37- Padma-jun-na, see Pad- 293-
Nin-ma-pa, 55, 68, 72. ma-sambhava. Patriarchs (list of), 8.
Nirmana-kaya, 127, 347. Padma-Kar-po, 68. Pattinl (goddess), 325.
Nirvana, IO, 119, 124, Padma-pani, see Avalo- Peacock, 88 (feathers),
;

kica. 298, 445 (throne), 336,

;

Ni-t'i (book), 161. Padma-sambhava(saint), 349-

Nomen Khan, 253. (founded Lamaism), x, Pedong. 284.
Non-Ego, 124. 24, 29. 55, 68, 73, 195, Pehar (King-devil), 371,
Norbu (gem), 389. 292 ;
(departure from 479-
Nor-pa, 55, 70. Tibet), 32; (deification). Peking, 43, 158,279,327;
Northern school, 9. 33> 73,312, 340, 379, 518, (Lama), 243.
Nostril (closing), 145. 5.25.531,543, 551 ^dis- Pelong, 29, 237.
Nothingness, 125. ciples), 31; (visit to Sik- Pemakoi, 279.
Novice, 178. him), 44; (to Bhotan), Pemiongchi, 50, 173, 258,
Novitiate (admission), 68. 265,285, 512
178. Padmasana (lotus-seat), Penance, 6 (by proxy).
;

Number of Lamas, 41-52. 33- 319-

Numerals, symbolic use P ag-mo, see Dorje-p'ag- Penates, 484.
of, 367. 1110. Perfumes, 394.
Nuns, 160, 170, 202, 274, Paintings, 331. Personality, 112, 121.
275, 286. Palace-monastery, see Peshawar, 14.
Nya-thi-tsanpo(king), 19. Ling. Pessimism, 122.
Nying-ma-pa (sect), 55, Pal -dan, title of Atlsa, Phag-mo, see Dorje-
68, 72. Lhamo, Yes'e, etc. p'agmo.
Nyi-thi, 161. Pali (scriptures), 156, 159. Pha-pa, title of Avalo-
Pal ugenesis, 00, 1 2 1 ,227.
i 1 kita. etc.
Panca-bala 131. Philistinism (ofMuham-
Oaths, 570., Pafica-rakshasa, 131. madans), 16.
Oblations, 215, 225. Panca-sila, 134. Phungij 30.
Occultism, 128. Pafica-tantra, 163. Phur-'bu, JI, 341, 488.
Ocean jewels, 88. Panch'en Lama, 235. Phylacteries, 402, 531.
Ocean-Lama, 228. Panch'en Rim-po-ch'e, Pictures, 331.
Odantapura vihara, 28, Pig(symbolof stupidity),
36. Panqita, 186. 109.
'Od-pag-med, 349. Pandura, 351. Pilgrims, 305, 278.
'<
>d-ser, 219, 361. Pantheism, 122, 129. Pindar, 109.
<Ifferings, 296, 423. Pantheon, 324. Pingala, 99.
Olficials, 187. Paradise (Buddha's), 127, Pipal-tree, 337.
Og-rain (heaven), 85, 217 ; (Indra's), 86; (St. Pirit (ceremony), 142,
497- Padma's), 32. 446, 476.
Olympus, 77, 78, 86. Paramitfi (virtues), 138, Pitaka, 159.
Oin, 142, 148, 160, 165. 54i. Pittuk (mon.), 284.
 INDEX, 595

Planets, 199, 454. Pupil, 173. Rhinosceros, 397.

Plato, 10, 107, 109. Purang, 260. Rice-offerings, 295 ; (of
Plays, 515. P'ur-bu, 51,341,483,488. universe), 296 (images ;

Plotinus, 141. Purgatory, 90. in Ceylon), 329.

Pluto, 90, 367. Purusha, 129. Rinaiig, 553.
Pon-ba, see Bon. Rin-ch'en-na-dun, 389.
P'ongi (Burmese monk Ri-rab(Mt.), 78,398, 400.
etyruol), 30.
Quarters (Kings of), 84.
Rites, 420.
Quietists, 141.
Pope (Lamaist), 37 and ; Ri-wo-ch'e (mon.), 279.
see Grand Lamas. Road to heaven, 492.
Popular Lfunaism, 566. Rab-jam-pa, 186. Robes, 200 (giving of). ;

Postures, 145. Radeng (Lama), 235. 511.

Potala palace, 21, 30, Radeng (mon.), 56, 274. Rol-pa (Mafijusri), 336.
40, 229. Raga, 109. Rol-pahi dorje, 243.
Pradakshina, 287, 420. Rag-bushes, 409. Roman Church (ana-
Prajfia, 125, 161, 356. Rahan, 376. logies), xi.
Prajna-pfuamita, 11, 125, Rabat, see Arhant. Rosaries, 202 ;(spellsfor),
160. Ra.hu, 82, 269, 455. 150.
Prasanga-niadhyamika, Rahula, 82, 377. Routine, 212.
139. Rain-bow (cordon), 103, Rudra (god), 209, 332.
Prasenajit, 19. 33 1- Rugs, 294.
Pratiinokslia, 160. Rain (compelling), 499 Bull's (moral), 134,
; 138,
PratltyaSaiiutpada, 105. (worship), 508. 160 (thirty-six),
; 171,
Pratyeka (Buddhas), 123, Rairata, 345. 179 ;(two hundred and
l 37- .
Raja-griha, 108. fifty-three), 171 ;
(of
Pravrajya, 178. Rakshasa, 32, 81, 369. monasteries), 188.
Prayag, 377. Ralung, 68. Rupa (form), 84, 115.
Prayer, 12, 15, 141, 213, Rammoch'e (monastery), Russia (Latnaism in),
23, 272, 477, 508. 9, 41, 282.
Prayer-barrels, 149. Ransoming (life), 265,
Prayer-cyhuders, 149, 448.
172, 218. Ratna (gem), 389. Sabdag (local genii), 371,
Prayer-flags, 40S. Ratna-kuta Sutra, 99, 484.
Prayer-formula, 141,213, 161. Sab-dun (title), 179.
435> Ratna-pani, 351. Sacrifice, 425 (flesh), 495,
;
t,
Prayer- maclunes, 149, Ratna-sambhava, 349, 527 ; (burnt), 432, 533 ;

172, 218. 35. (dogs), 529 (human),

;

Prayer-wbeels, 149, 172, Ravana, 32. 516.

218, 573. Rays (of light), 337, 343. Saddharma - pundarlka,
Preacliing attitude, 337. Re-birth, 101, 109; (of 126, 138, 142, 162.
Precentor, 188. Grand Lamas), 229.
(

Sa-go masts, 484.

Precepts, 134. Red-hats, 73 ; (sect), 68, Saints, 376.
Precious things, 3S9. 73- Saint-worship, 33, 376.
Preta, 96. Refectory, 189, 214. Sakra, see Indra.
Priest, see Order and Reformation (Lamaist). Sakrid-agama, 136.
Worship. 36. Sakti (female energjr ),
Priestcratt, 18, 153, 217. Refreshments in church, '
129.
Priest-king, 227. 214, 220. Sakya (monastery), 69,
Printing, '157,219, 327. Refuge formula, 440. 274 ; (sect), 37, "55, 69.
Procession, 168. Refuges (three), 440. Sakya (pandita), 37, 69,
Pronunciation (rules), Regenerated Lamas, 227. 227.
xvii. Regent, 235, 240, 253. Sakya-muni, 5 ; (image),
Proverbs, 175. Re-incarnation, 100, 121, 343 ; (death), 7, 163,
Pu-kwa, 456. 227. 308 ; (temptation), 6 ;
Punakha (111011.), 44, 284. Relics, 305, 318, 330 (of ; (the " Second "), 379.
Pundarlka, 96. Buddha), 7, 319, 420; Sakya-pa (sect), 37,55,69.
Puhgi, 30. (of Grand Lamas), 253. Sala (tree), 7, 185, 308.
Punishments, 193. Reting (Lama), 235. Samadhi, 138, 141.
P'untsVt-ling, 71, 274. Retreat (in rains), 223. Saman (God in Ceylon),
Punya, 30. Revelations, 56, 165. 325-
 ;

596 IXDEX.

Samanera, 136. Seng-dong-ma (devil), Sod-nam Gya-ts'o, 233.

Samanta-bhadra, 14, 72, 430- Sol-pon, 188, 237.
131.349.358. Sermons (Buddha's), 135. Sooth-sayers, 451, 475.
Sambhala, 283, 306. Serpent, see Naga (char- ;
Sorcery, 475.
Sambhara, 151, 163, 363. mer), 552. Sorrow, 132.
Sambhoga-kaya, 127,347. Serra (mon.), 63. 189, 269. Sosanika, 381.
Sam-bhota, 21, Seven (jewels, etc.), 389, Soul, III, 112, 121, 126,
Samsfira, 10, 109, 126. 39i- 141.
Samvara, 151, 163, 363. Shab-dung (title), 179. Soup in church, 220.
Samyak-Sambudd ha Shadow (of Buddha), Southern school, 9.
(title of Sakya Muni). 318. Space, 77, 264.
Sam-yas (monast. foun- Shakya-thuba, 343. Sparsa, no.
ding), 28, 108, 266, Shamanism, 19, 26, 29, Spells, 150.
478, 513- 55, 420. Spinoza, 122.
Sandal (rosary), 207. Sha-mar, 81. Sraddha, 99.
Sangacheling (monast.), Shambhala, 283, 306. Srag-dliara, Si.
50, 258. Sham-ch'o-dun, 307. Sramana, 136.
Sahgha, 169. Shaving head, 179. Sramanera, 136.
Sangharama, 261. Sheep's shoulder-blades Sravaka (heaver), 136.
Saughatl, 200. (divining by), 465. SravastI, 135, 161.
Sang-kar, 266, 278, 283. Sheldrake, 200. Srong-tsan-gam-po, 19,
San-gyas, see Buddha. Shen-rab (god), 30. 22, 551.
Sansara, 10, 109, 126. Sher-chin, see Prajfia Srot-appanna, 136.
Sanskara, 106, no. paramita. Staff (mendicants'), 211.
Santa-rakshita, 28, 315. Shi-je-pa, 74. Stars (inrluence of), 450.
Sapataratna, 390. Shin- je, see Yama. Statues, 339.
Saptaparna, 377. Shintoism, 27, 393. Stature of mythical
Sarana, 337. Shrines, 305. Buddhas, 345.
Saranga-nath, 360. Siam, 8, 9. Sthavira, 171 ;
(sixteen),
Sariputra, 8, 376. Siberia, 43, 282. 376.
i
Sarira, 330,420. Sibi (Jataka), 550. Storm
:

(-god), 332.
Sarnath, 134, 360. Sickness (curing), 401. Scupa, 262.
Sarvastivada, 124. Siddha, 152, 271. Styx (Buddhist), 92.
Sas-kya (monast.), 69, Siddharta, 5. Su-darsana, 88.
274 (sect), 37, 55, 69.
; Siddhi, 141, 152, 378. Sudhana Jataka, 551.
Satscha, 330. 497. Sikhim (intro. [of Lama- Suffering (origin of), 133.
Sattva, 112, 423. ismto), 44, 51, 52, 284; Sukhavati, 127, 139.
Saturn, 455. (Lamas of), 45, 244; Sumatikirti (Tsoh-k'a-
Sautranta, 162. (king), 341,379. pa).
Scales (ordeal of), 1 1
3. Sikh in, 346. Sumedha, 346.
Schools (northern and Sila (moral rules), 134. Sumeru, 78, 398, 400.
southern), 9. Slladitya, 138. Sum-pa k'anpo, 20.
Schopenhauer, 107, 120. Silk (robes), 200. Sunday (Buddhist), 501.
Scorpion (charm), 405 Sin (word for), 175. Sung-Yun, 541,
(exorcism), 488. Sinhanada, 151, 267, 356. Sun-worship, 13, 127,347.
Scriptures, 155. S'inje, sec Yama. Siniyata, 125. ,

Sculpture, 239. Sirios (dog-star), 510. Supernatural (powers),

Scythian, 8, 108, 541. Sita (Tara), 359. 141. 152,378.
Seal, 202; (Grand Lama's), Siva, 14, 330. Surmounting Buddhas
242, 304. Sixfold (states of life), (on images), 338.
Seas (seven), 78. 101. Sutra, 159, 162.
Sects, 54. Six-syllabled spell, 148. Sutranta, 123, 162.
Sedent (postures), 335. Skandha, 114. Suvarnadvipa, 36.
Selenginsk, 282. Skull-bowl, 299. Svastika (cross), 30,389.
Self, 112. Skull-drum, 300. Svayambhunatb (stupa),
Self-consciousness, 1 10. Sky-demons, 487. 3'5- .,
Self-extinction, 138. Sling, 341, 375, 483. Swan maidens, 552.
Self-sacrifice, 138. Snake-demigods, 368. Syllables (mystic), 142.
Self-sprung (images), 328. Soap, 214. Symbols, 341, 387; (in
Scfi-eVii rimpo ch'e, 243. So-bon, 18S, 237. liats), 197.
 INDEX. 597

Tables (of Lamas), 294. Ten-gye-ling, 253 ; (plan Tree (of heaven), 81, 86,
Tachog, see Flags, and of), 522. 88, 96; (Christmas), 81.
Hayagriva. Tent (god). 70; (taber- Trigrams, 394.
Ta-ern-ssu (num.), 280. nacle), 282. Tri-kaya, 127, 347.
Tag-mar c'ham, 516. Terma (revelations), 57, rri-murti (of Lamaism),
T'ag-p'u (caves), 257. 58, 165.
Tag-ten (monast.), 70. Terminology (Buddhist), Trinity, 346, 347.
Tale Lama, 39, 227. 165. Tri-pitaka, 159.
Talismans, 402, 531.
Taking (sect), 55, 69.
Ter-pa-ling, 239.
Teshu Lama, 230.
Tri-ratna, ^
388, 390.
Tri-sarana, 340.
Tamch'og, see Haya- Text-books, 174. Trisinia,' no, 116.
griva. Thang Chu (record), 20. Trisfila, 342.
Tanulin, see Hayagriva. Thang-kar pass, 1, 2. Trividagni, 114.
Tani-ze ( = Brahman). Than-yig ser-t'en, 45. Tri-vidya, in.
Tangnt, 266, 581. Theg-pa (yana), 10. Trumpets, 298.
Tan-gya-ling, 253 ;
(plan Tlieistic Buddhism, 126. Truths, 132.
of), 522. Theogony, 122. Tsa-cha, 330, 497.
Tangyur (commentaries), Theosophy, 128. Tsam-ch'o-duh, 307.
157", 164. Thigh-bone trumpets, 48, Tsa-mo-ling, 253.
Tan ha, no, 116. 300. Ts'e-gug, 447.
Tanjur, 157. Tliin-le-Gya-tsV), 233. Ts'e-mch'uling, 253.
Tan-ma (she-devils), 27, Thi-Srong-de-tsan, 24, 30, Ts'e-pag-med, 348.
371, 382, 529. 245. Ts'e-ring che-na, 370.
Tantalized souls, 96. Tho, 330. Tsi-pa, 451.
T'an-t'011-gyiil-po, 385. Tho-ling (mon.), 283. Tsoh-K'a-pa, 38, 54, 59,
Tantra, 129, 152, 163. Thonmi-Sambhota,2 1 ,22. 198, 223, 227, 268, 280,
Tantrism, 14. Thor, 88. 292.
T'aii-yig (books), 165. Tho -wo, 330. Tsug-tor(Ushnisha),36o.
Taoism, 19. Three gems, 346, 388, 390, Tuba = Saky'a).
(

Tara, 22, 23, 360,258, 443- ug '. 147,-.

(worship of), 435. I'
551 ; Tliree Holies, 346, 443. T ug-je ch en-po, 356.
Taranatha, 43, 55, 70, Three Refuges, 440. Tui-sol, 434, 448, 502,
240, 282, 327. Thug-je-ch en-po, 356. 510.
Tartars, 9. Thui-sol, 434, 448, 502, T'ul-ku, 232..
Tashiding, 50, 53, 258, 510. Tung-rampa, 186.
285,512. Thumi Sambhota, 21, 22. Tun-moii, 434.
Lasm-gd-man, 264. Thunderbolt, 1 5, 25, 27, &c Turquoises, 209,239, 557.
Tashi Lama, 230. Tibet (pre-Buddhist), 19. Tushita (heaven), JJ, 86,
Tashi-lhunpo, 63, 189, Tiger-devils, 516. 128.
260, 270, 535. T'ig-se, 266, 283. Tutelaries, 152, 361; (sec-
Tashi-rab-ka, 49. Tilopa (monk), 64. tarial), 58,62,65,69,72.
Tashisudon (monast.), 44, Timed Kun-dan (Jataka
284. play), 540.
Tathagata, 122, 345, 353. Tmge (mon.), 274, 533. LT, province, 265.
Tats'in (Rome), 422. Tisn, 240, 577. Udanas, 162.
Tawa, 61. Titans, 81. Udiinavarga, 162.
Tea service (general), T'o, 330. Udandapura, 28, 36,266.
191. 215- To- lung (monast.), 51. Uddesika, 420.
Tea-drinking, 214. Tonsure, 179. Udyana, 26, 197, 306,
Teaching attitude, 134. Tope, 262. 380.
Teeth (relics), 308. Top-knot, 179. Umbrella, 392, 393.
Telopa (monks), 64. Tor-ma cakes, 297. Um-dse (officer), 188,
Temples, 287. Tortoise, 395. 293-
Temptation (Buddha's), Torture, 568. LTniverse (Buddhist), 77 ;

6, 344. T'o-t'ori-nan-tsan, 19. (offering of), 296, 397;

Ten (prohibitions), 134. Trading monks, 224. see Mandala.
Ten-del (Nidana), 105. Transcendental wisdom, Upadana,' no.
Tengri, 372. 160. Upadhyaya, 31, 171, 172.
T'eng-pa, 10. Transmigration, 100, 226. Upagupta, 8, 120, 442.
T'eng-Ava, 202. Trayastrinsa, 86. Upali, 159, 376.
598 INDEX.

Upa-me, 349. Vasnputra, 57, 69. Witch-women, 366, 369.

I
[pananda, 368. Veda (god), 371 ; (scrip Witness (attitude), 336,
Qpasaka, 170. tures), 6. 344-
Upasainpada (full ord- Vedana, no. \\ izard-priests, 24, 378.
ination), 185. Vedanta, 122. Works, 30, 100, 106,222,
(Jpasika, 170. Vedic charms, 401. 567.
Uposatha (fast days), 1 78. Vehicles, 10, 15. Worlds, 84, 101.
Uranus, 367. Venuvana, 108, 161. Worship (objects), 324,
Urga, 43, 70, 240, 281. Vessantara (tale en 387 (celebrations),
; 17,
Urgyan-gya-ts'o (Lama), acted), 541. 420 (feast days),
; 501.
xii, 45 . Vestments, 194. Wu-tai shan, 279.
urgyan-pa (sect). Via media, 11.
(Jtai-shan, 279. Vicar apostolicus of
I'tpala, 95. Lhasa, 2. Xylographs, 157.
Uttara (title), 28. Vidarbha, 11.
Uttarakuru, 80, 277- Videha, 80, 543.
Uttara sariga, 201. Vihara (mon.), 255. Yab-yum (conjugal dei-
Vijfiana, no. ties), 129, 362.
Vinaya, 60, 159. Yak (god), 2,73 (mask 5 ,

Vag is vara, 414. Virgil, 100. 537-

Vaibhfishika, 123. Virtues (practice of ), 138. Yaksha, Si, 84, 369 ; (In-
Vaipula, 161, 162. Virudhaka, 83, 84, 330. dra as a), 84, 86.
Vairocana Buddha, 15, Virupaksha, 84, 289. Yakshini, 369.
1,27,349- Visions (four), 91. Yama, 86, 90, 367.
T n
Vairocana (Lama), 29, Visva-bhu, 346. Yama-mari, 364; (hea-
435- Visva-karma, 313. vens), 86.
\ aisali (council), 10, 123. Visv&ntara, 138 (play), Yamantaka.
; 90, 362.
Yaisravana, 84, 368, 370. 540. Yama rocks, 81.
Vaitarani, 92. A lsva-pani, 350. Yam-dog-ts'o (lake), 233,
Vaqra, 15, 25, 27, etc. Vitaraga, 392. -75-
Vajra-bhairava, 62. 131, Volga," 182. Yan-can-ma (= Saras-
,362. Votive offerings, 133. vati).
Vajracarya, 151, 179. Vulcan, 313, 367, 404. Yan-gug, 448.
Vajracedika, 161. Vulture's peak, 161. Yantra, 144, 287.
Vajra-dakkinT, 366. Yarlung, 20.
Vajra-dhara, 61, 130, Yellow-nat (sect), 61.
^"
\

ajra-dhatu, 144, 145.
War-god,
Water
89, 374.
(festival 1, 509;
Ye-s'e-gon-po, 365.
Vidag, 96.
Vaira-garbha, 144, 145. (holy), 29S; (offerings), Yidam, 361.
Vajra-p&ni, 13, 86, 150, 427. Yoga, 13, 128, 141.
356, 365. \\ay, the true, 133. N ogacarya, 14, 128, 147.
Vajra-p orba, 70, 72, Weapons (magical), 483. Yogi, 13, 128, 141.
Week (days), 454. Yong-grub.
\ajrasana, 305. Wench'eng princess, 20, Yon-tan, 222.
Va^ra-sattva, 15, 3^2. 23- Yul-k'or-rung, 84.
Vajra varahi, see Dorje- Wheel (symbol), 389 ;
Yum, 129, 163, 362.
p'agrao. (of the Law), 134. 2,37, Vim drung, 389.
Vajra-yana, 15, 151. 390 ;
(of Life), 102. Yunnan, 254.
Vajriputra(? Vasnputra >,
Widow's mite, 319.
377- Will (unconscious), 113,
\ akula, 377. 119. Z'al-thang, 328.
Vandya (? Bande), 171. W ine, 221, 225 ; (obla- Z'aln (Lama), 326, 233-
Vanishing, 141 564. . tions .
225, 495. Zang-Kar, 266, 283, 278.
Varahi, 50. 163. 1
Wisdom (deified), 12, 35, Zens, 86, 356, 367.
Varsha, 223. "". 339 355 " :I "- !
Z'i-je-pa, 74.
Vai una, 367. cendental 125. 160.
, 1 1 . Zi-wa (mild deity), 233-
VasuDandhn, [3,69, 128. Wish-granting (cow), / ting (spclN ,
4 i
40 2,
,
(

Vasu-mitra, 8. 87; (tree), 81, 86,: 486.



>tantiarti OTorfes; on Afghanistan*

Fourth Edition. Three vols., crown 8vo, 18s,

HISTORY OF THE WAR IN AFGHANISTAN.
By Sir John W. Kaye, Author of " The Sepoy War," etc.

Second Edition. Demy 8vo, with Map, 18s.

HISTORY OF AFGHANISTAN.
From the Earliest Period to the Outbreak of the War of 1878.

By Col. G. B. Malleson, C.S.I.

Demy 8vo, with Map, 21s.

THE AFGHAN WAR, 1879-80.

Being a Complete Narrative of the Capture of Cabul, the Siege of
Sherpur, the Battle of Ahmed Khel, the brilliant March to
Candahar, and the Defeat of Ayub Khan, with the operations on
the Helmond, and the settlement with Abdur Bahman Khan.
By Howard Hensman, Special Correspondent of the Pioneer
(Allahabad), and the Daily News (London).

Second Edition. Royal 8vo, 32s.

THE RUSSIAN ARMY AND ITS CAMPAIGNS

IN TURKEY IN 1877-8.
By F. V. Greene, Lieut. U.S. Army, and lately Military Attache to
the U.S. Legation at St. Petersburgh.

Crown 8vo, Illustrated 7s. 6d.

RUSSIA'S RAILWAY ADVANCE INTO
CENTRAL ASIA.
Notes of a Journey from St. Petersburgh to Samarkand. By G. Dobson.
The Standard Work on the Indian Mutiny.
Cabinet Edition. Six vols., crown 8vo, 6s. each.

HISTORY OF THE INDIAN MUTINY, 1857-8.

By Sir J. W. Kaye and Col. G. B. Malleson.
" Messrs. W. H. Allen & Co. have done a public service by bringing the best attain-
able narrative of the Indian Mutiny within the reach of a large number of readers."
Guardian.
Fourth Edition. With 2 Maps and 6 Plans, 5s.

A HISTORY OF THE INDIAN MUTINY.

By T. B. E. Holmes.
"The best account of that event now offered to the public.'' Globe,
"The style is good throughout." Spectator.

W. H. ALLEN & CO., LIMITED, 13, WATERLOO PLACE, S.W.

 .

Z\n 2Uar m tl)f Cast,

Revised Edition, with 74 Illustrations and a new Map of the Empire.

Two vols., demy 8vo, 42s.

THE MIDDLE KINGDOM: its Geography, Govern-

ment, Literature, Arts, and History. By S. Wells Williams.
LL.D.
"The standard work on the subject." Globi

Demy 8vo, with New Map, 12s. 6d.

A SHORT HISTORY OF CHINA: an Account for

the general reader of this ancient Empire and People. By
Bkmetrius C. Botjlger, Author of "England and Russia in
Central Asia," etc.

"Those who stud)- Chinese history will rind in Mr. Boulger a very competent and
instructive guide." Th< :,,.<,

Demy 8vo, Illustrated, 18s.

COREA: The Hermit Nation. I. Ancient and Mediae-
val History. II. Political and Social Corea. III. Modern and
Recent History. By W. E. Griffis, late of the Imperial Univer-
sity of Tokio, Japan ; Author of "The Mikado Empire."
'
Mr. Griffis' work is the most reliable authority on 'Corea.'"

Demy 8vo, with Portrait and Map, 18s.

EVENTS IN THE TAEPING REBELLION. Being

reprints of MSS. Gordon, C.B., in his own
copied by General
handwriting, with monograph introduction and Notes. |5y A.
Eomoxt Hake, Author of " The Story of a Chinese Gordon."

A valuable and graphic contribution to our knowledge of affairs in China at the
most critical period of its history." Leeds Mercury.

Demy 8vo, with 12 full-page Illustrations, 15s.

FARTHEST EAST, AND SOUTH, AND WEST.

Notes on a journey home through dapan. By an Anglo-Indian.
"One of the most entertaining records of travel that has been published this
season. It is bright and humorous without being trivial, ami picturesque without

being dull, and is illustrated by Bome excellent plates." Birmingham Gazette,

Royal Hvo, with 2 Maps and 25 Coloured Plates, 21s.

AD ORIENTEM. India, Ceylon, Straits

Travels in
Settlements, China, Japan, and North America. By A. D.
Fbedb&ii csonr, F.R.G.S.
" His journey is excellently well told. The illustrations are executed with
much taste." - Athena

W. H. ALLEN & CO., LIMITED, 13, WATERLOO PLACE, S.W.