..

2016 05
Reinforced Concrete Design Design of Columns

Columns

( )h


( )t
( )b
,

Types of Columns
Unbraced Columns Braced Columns

( )Lateral Loads ( )Sway
( )Sway ,


( )Shear Walls ()Core

( )Braced
( )1-4-6 ( )44-6

) ( < .
= { = ) (
) < ( < . + .
Hb
N

n

Short Columns Long Columns

( , )Buckling

)Collected By: Karim Sayed Gaber(2016 2 25

Reinforced Concrete Design Design of Columns

Long Column Short Column

( :: )He
( )Ho ( )K
He ( )

=

Buckling Directions
Buckling Out of Plane Buckling In Plane

Elevation Elevation
Elevation Elevation

Circular Columns Rectangular Columns

=

=
=

()Ho
Ho
( )Buckling


=
K
Buckling
Un Braced Column Braced Column

)Collected By: Karim Sayed Gaber(2016 3 25

Reinforced Concrete Design Design of Columns

, K ,
( Braced )Un Braced
7-6 ( 8-6 )3-1-5-4-6 , 52 -6 He/Ho

Case
Partially Fixed Case (2) 2 Fixed - Case (1) 1
-




-




Case (4) 4 Hinged - Case (3) 3

7-6 8-6 , K
K

braced Column Unbraced Column braced Column Unbraced Column

= . = . = = .
)Collected By: Karim Sayed Gaber(2016 4 25
Reinforced Concrete Design Design of Columns

/ & Long Short

: Rectangular Columns
Un Braced Column- Braced Column-
< <
Short Column Long Column Short Column Long Column
> >

Buckling , Long Column

,

: Circular Columns
Un Braced Column- Braced Column-
< <
Short Column Long Column Short Column Long Column
> >

: Other Columns

= =

Un Braced Column- Braced Column-
< <
Short Column Long Column Short Column Long Column
> >

------*-------*-------*-------*-------*-------*-------*-------*-------*---------
Design of Short Column
,

, , ( )
,
0.6 ][4 5 6
= = < < b d bd
100 100

)Collected By: Karim Sayed Gaber(2016 5 25

Reinforced Concrete Design Design of Columns

Design of Long Column

( )
Madd
()

( )
) (

= =
2000
-

In - Plane Out of Plane

\ ) ( ( )2 D
=
30000 = ) ( ) (
2000 =

=
2000

Un Braced Column- Braced Column-

( )Sway , )Moment due to Buckling (Madd

= & = = = .
Madd
n ,
()Sway




Madd



,



P

Fixation

Mext ( 56-6 )56-6

)Collected By: Karim Sayed Gaber(2016 6 25

Reinforced Concrete Design Design of Columns

( )Design Moments
( )2-5-4-6 : Braced Columns
-
( Mext
)
,

( )Madd
Mext
( )83-6
( X )Y
2 +
. = 0.4 1 + 0.6 2 0.4 2
M1
( 1 + )
2
-
,

()Biaxial Moment
Mi

] = = [ .
( X )Y
()Bi-Axial Moment
- , ()NO SWAY

.i M1 M2

.ii ( )Flat Slab ()4-5-2-6
( )5-5-2-6
83-6
.iii 11-6 55-6
( )3-5-4-6 Un braced Columns



,

. +
( X )Y
, Mx=M1 OR M2 : My=Madd
( X )Y ()Bi Axial Moment

)Collected By: Karim Sayed Gaber(2016 7 25

Reinforced Concrete Design Design of Columns

Short Column , Short Column P -

Madd
Long Short , Long Column Madd -
Madd & P
Long Column , Madd -
Long Column Madd & P
Long Column -

340

)Collected By: Karim Sayed Gaber(2016 8 25

Reinforced Concrete Design Design of Columns

Design of Sections
- : (Axial Compression Force )P

()Short Columns
1
= . + .
Pu Ac
Fy Fy , As
, %1 As=0.01Ac
Ac
( )
2
)Assume b=250mm (Wall Width
=
4
=

=
=
: > 5 = 5
555/

1.1 %15
, 255 ,
, 155 ,

4 , 6
Spiral Columns 2
()3-1-2-4

= 0.35 + 0.67 + 1.38

= ] [ : [30 80] ,

) = . (. + .



=
= )( = +

( . = ) ) (


8 , P/2

)Collected By: Karim Sayed Gaber(2016 4 25

Reinforced Concrete Design Design of Columns

- : ( )P ()M
)1 Column Dimensions
,
, , ,

= . + .

& = & : = 0.01 =

= 2
& 1 = 3.5 & = 0.78
= 0.35 + 0.67
100 =
] [ = +
= = 50 1000
.
. +
= 1 & 2
= ) = (. .
)2
C.G = /


0.05 =

t 0.04

)3 As

< 0.5 0.5

Compression Failure Tension Failure
(
( ) )

= & & = +
2
= =
Chart Fy, ,

& = 1 1


&
=
)(/
= 104
0.225
= =
\
= ,
)Collected By: Karim Sayed Gaber(2016 10 25
Reinforced Concrete Design Design of Columns

- : Biaxial Moment ID

,
()Long Columns
)1 Symmetrical RFT

, .

= .

) Biaxial I.D
Chart Fy, Rb, = 0.9 Rb




2
|
2

= 104
=
0.8
=
100
As Asmin
4
4
4
) :: )Uniaxial Bending I.D ) 54-6

( )
= | =



|


> >



) ( \ = + ) ( \ = +


= 0.9 ] [0.6 0.8 = 0.9 ] [0.6 0.8
2 2
\
P Mx P \My
DESIGN USE I.D For Compression & Tension 2- From Chart -< GET
Failures = 104

\
&
= = \

\ = +
)Collected By: Karim Sayed Gaber(2016 11 25
Reinforced Concrete Design Design of Columns

)2 Unsymmetrical RFT

,,

= .

( )
= \ | = \
,
= /
&
= /
61 6 12 6 ,
-1 P \Mx
\
&

Get from Chart
= 104
= = \
Asmin -2 P \My
0.8 \
= &
100
) = 2 ( + Get From Chart
Take As MAX of Astotal & Asmin = 104
= = \

, 4 ) )

= =
+ +

- : (Axial Tension Force )T

,
, Cover

=


=
/
)Take (20 40

2525 ,
65 C.L

)Collected By: Karim Sayed Gaber(2016 12 25

Reinforced Concrete Design Design of Columns

- : ( )T (Tension With Moment )M

)1
,

=


= & 1 = 3.5 & = 0.78
] [ = +
= 50 1000
)2
C.G = /


0.05

t

)3 As

0.5 < 0.5

Big Eccentricity Small Eccentricity


= +
2
= =


= +
= 1 & 1

T1 T2
= +
)(/
0.225
=
, T2
1 ( + ) = () 1

) ( +
=

= 1 + 2 2

= = |
)(/ )(/
T1

)Collected By: Karim Sayed Gaber(2016 13 25

Reinforced Concrete Design Design of Columns

- : ( )M Moment
: : ()d
)Assume C1=3.5(R-SEC) , C1=6 (T- SEC & L-SEC

= 1

= 1 =

= 1 = &
)J = 0.78 (IF C1=3.5) & J=0.826 (if 1 > 4.86
C1 2.03
= = As

0.225
= = =

0.225
=

( )62-6 7-4-6

- -

- -
-
- -
-
- - ( )
-


Long Columns Short columns

0.25 + 0.052 0.8
=
100 {100
0.6
( )
100
0.25 + 0.015
= 1
100

{ 100
1.2

100
) ( 4% ,
) ( = { 5% %3

) ( 6%
12
= 255 255
855
= 255 05

)Collected By: Karim Sayed Gaber(2016 14 25

 Reinforced Concrete Design Design of Columns

155
855 , 3

15 255
35 85
( ) 155 15
: ( )Shrinkage Bars 700>t
30
: ( )Buckling Bars 700>t
25 30

Design Columns Solved Examples FROM ECCS 2001 & Other Resources
1-Solved Examples On Sections
Example 1) Design a section subjected to eccentric compressive force using interaction diagrams For the
following data
= Pu = 1400 KN, Mu=240 KN.m, t=750mm, b=250mm, Fcu=25 N/mm2, Fy=400N/mm2 ,
240 0.171
= 1 : = = = 0.171 = 0.228
1400 0.75
) & ( > 0.05
1400 103
= 2 : = ) & ( = 0.3 > 0.04
25 250 750
171
) 3 = 750 = 0.228 < 0.5 ( : .
4 .
240 106
| = 0.3 = = 0.068 | = 1 | =
2 25 250 7502
750 2 25
= ~0.9
750
From Chart Shaker P408
1.25
= 104
= 1.25 25 104 = 3.125 103
=
= 3.125 103 250 750
= 5862
\ = = 1 586 = 586 2
= 2 586 = 11722

.
= =

<

= =

)Collected By: Karim Sayed Gaber(2016 15 25

 Reinforced Concrete Design Design of Columns

3 18
1 1 :

Example 2) Design a section subjected to eccentric compressive force using interaction diagrams For the
following data
Pu = 500 KN, Mu=650 KN.m, t=900mm, b=300mm, Fcu=25 N/mm2, Fy=360N/mm2
650 1.3
1 : = = = 1.3 = = 1.44
500 0.9
> 0.05 ( & )
500 103
2 : = = = 0.074
25 300 900
> 0.04 ( & )
1.3
3 = 0.9 = 1.44 > 0.5 ( )
0.9
= + = 1.3 + 0.05 = 1.7
2 2
= = 500 1.7 = 850 .

850 106
= 1 700 = 1 1 = 2.52 < 2.78 ( )
25 300
USE Interaction Diagram, Assume = . & Section Cover = 50mm
900 2 50
= 0.074 | 2
= 0.107| = 0.8 | = = ~0.8
900
From Chart Shaker P417 OR ECCS P4-36
3.2
= 104
= 3.2 25 104 = 8 103
=
= 8 103 300 900
= 21602
\ = = 0.8 2160 = 1728 2
= 2160 + 1728 = 38882

.
=

=
>
= 6 22
\
= 5 22

Collected By: Karim Sayed Gaber(2016) 25 16

 Reinforced Concrete Design Design of Columns

Example 3)Yasser P71) Design a Symmetric section subjected to eccentric compressive force using
interaction diagrams For the following data
Pu = 2600 KN, Mx=500 KN.m, My=150kN.m, t=800mm, b=350mm, Fcu=30 N/mm2, Fy=360N/mm2
= 50 = 800 50 = 750
= 50 = 350 50 = 300

500 150
= = 666.67 | = = 500 => >
0.75 0.3



= = = .

0.31
= 0.9 = 0.9 = 0.745 [0.6 0.8]
2 2

\ = + ( ) = 500 + 0.745 (0.750.3) 150 = 779.37 .

779.37 0.299
: = = = 0.299 = = 0.37
2600 0.8
> 0.05 ( & )
2600 103
: = = = 0.31
30 800 350
> 0.04 ( & )
( . . )
.
800 2 25
= 0.31 | 2
= 0.12 | = 1 | = = ~0.9
800
From Chart Shaker P410
3.6
= 104
= 3.6 30 104 = 0.0108
=
= 0.0108 350 800
= 30242
\ = = 1 3024 = 3024 2
= 2 3024 = 60482

0.8
= 350
100
800
2
= 2240
>
16 22

Example 4) Design a Un-Symmetric section subjected to eccentric compressive force using interaction
diagrams For the following data

Collected By: Karim Sayed Gaber(2016) 25 17

 Reinforced Concrete Design Design of Columns

Pu = 2000 KN, Mx=300 KN.m, My=450kN.m, t=800mm, b=400mm, Fcu=30 N/mm2, Fy=360N/mm2

= = = .

= 50 = 800 50 = 750
= 50 = 400 50 = 350

300 450 / 400
= = 400 | = = 1500 => =
0.75 0.35 / 1500
= 0.267
From Code Page 6-61 Get = .
[ & ]
\ = = 300 1.24 = 372 .
\ = = 450 1.24 = 558 .
Design the section for Mx\ & P AND My\ &P
Design Section For P & \ Design Section For P & \
Take Cover = 50mm Take Cover = 50mm
800 2 50 400 2 50
= = ~0.8 = = ~0.7
800 400
2000 103 2000 103
= = 0.208 = = 0.208
30 400 800 30 400 800
\ 372 \ 558
2
= 2
= 0.048 2
== = 0.145
30 400 800 30 800 4002
Using Chart Page 4-24 , ECCS Design Aids Using Chart Page 4-25 , ECCS Design Aids
<1 =1 =4
= 104 = 104
= 1 30 104 = 0.003 = 4 30 104 = 0.012
= =
2
= 0.003 400 800 = 960 = 0.012 400 800 = 38402

= 2 + 2 = 2 960 + 2 3840 = 9600 2
0.8
= 400 800 = 2560 2 < () => 20 25
100

Corner Bars = 4 bars , Rest of bars = 20-4=16bar
960
. = 16 = 3.2
960 + 3840
4
3840
. = 16 = 12.8
960 + 3840
12

Example 5)Design Column For P=1500 KN & Mx=322.5 kN.m & My=33.5 kN.m[Bi-axial Moments]

= = = .

= 50 = 600 50 = 550
= 50 = 300 50 = 250

322.5 33.5
= = 537.5 | = = 111.67
0.6 0.3
Collected By: Karim Sayed Gaber(2016) 25 18
 Reinforced Concrete Design Design of Columns

> =>


0.11
= 0.9 = 0.9 = 0.85 [0.6 0.8] = 0.8
2 2

\ = + ( ) = 322.5 + 0.8 (0.550.25) 33.5 = 381.5 .

381.5 0.763
: = = = 0.763 = = 1.27
500 0.6
> 0.05 ( & )

: = = = .

> 0.04 ( & )
( . . )
.
2 600 2 25
= 0.11 | = 0.141 | = 1 | = = ~0.9
2 600
From Chart Shaker P408
3.2
= 104
= 3.2 25 104 = 8 103
=
= 8 103 300 600 = 14402
\ = = 1 1440 = 14402
= 2 1440 = 28802

[ 0.25 + 0.052 ]
=
100
[ 0.25 + 0.052 22]
= 300 600 = 25102
100
>

Example 6) Calculate final design moments of a braced column with (40*60)cm cross section; the
effective buckling length in plane is 5.8m ;out of plane is 8m;to carry ultimate load of 2000KN and the
initial out of plane single curvature moment equals(110;70)KN.m at the top and bottom
Check Column Type on both directions
Check for in plane _ t-direction
= 5.8 & = 0.6
5.8
= = = 9.67 < 15 ( )
0.6
NO Additional Moment & No External Moments
Check for out of plane _ b-direction
= 8 & = 0.4
8
= = = 20 > 15 ( )
0.4
2
() 202 0.4
= = = 0.08
2000 2000
= = 2000 0.08 = 160 .
Calculate Design moment for braced long column

Collected By: Karim Sayed Gaber(2016) 25 14

 Reinforced Concrete Design Design of Columns

2 = 110 . = 0.4 1 + 0.6 2 0.4 2

. = 2000 0.02 = 40 . = 0.4 70 + 0.6 110 = 94 .
160
1 + ( ) = 70 + = 150.
2 2 + = 94 + 160 = 254 .
= . & = & =
Example 6) Calculate final design moments of a braced column with (30*70)cm cross section; the
effective buckling length in plane is 8m ;out of plane is 6m;to carry ultimate load of 1500KN and
subjected to moments about major equal 200KN.m & 100kN.m top and bottom respectively
Check Column Type on both directions
Check for in plane _ t-direction
= 8 & = 0.7
8
= = = 11.43 < 15( )
0.7
NO Additional Moment
= 200 .
Check for out of plane _ b-direction
= 6 & = 0.3
6
= = = 20 > 15 ( )
0.3
2
() 202 0.3
= = = 0.06
2000 2000
= = 1500 0.06 = 90 .
Calculate Design moment for braced long column

Calculating Moment Mx Calculating Moment My

. = 1500 0.02 = 30.
= { = 200 .
= 90 .
= . & = . & =

Collected By: Karim Sayed Gaber(2016) 25 20

 Reinforced Concrete Design Design of Columns

2-Solved Examples on Long Columns

Yasser El-leathy P52))
= 25\2
= 360 \2
= 1800
= 0.25
= 5.0

Design the column

Answer
Check Column Type of two directions
Check for x-direction [t Check for y-direction [b direction]
direction] Out of Plan
In Plan
= 5 0.4 = 4.6 = 5 0.5 = 4.5
= 0.6 = 0.25

Upper Case : 2 [Beam is Upper Case : 1 [Beam is bigger than
smaller than column] column]
Lower Case : 1 [Beam is bigger Lower Case : 1 [Beam is bigger than
than column] column]
Column is un-braced Column is un-braced
= 1.3 = 1.2
Calculating Slenderness Factor Calculating Slenderness Factor
1.3 4.6 1.2 4.5
= = = = = 21.6 < 23
0.6 0.25
= 9.96 < 10 Column is Long Column in Y-direction
Column is Short Column in X- 2
()
direction =
2000
= 21.62 0.25
= = = 0.0583
2000
= =
= 1800 0.058 = 104.94 .
=

Design Moments

Collected By: Karim Sayed Gaber(2016) 25 21

 Reinforced Concrete Design Design of Columns
104.94
1 : = = = 0.0583
1800
0.0583
= = 0.2332 > 0.05 ( & )
0.25
1800 103
2 : = = = 0.48
25 250 600
> 0.04 ( & )

3 = 0.2332 < 0.5 ( : . )
4 .
104.98 106
= 0.48 | 2
= 2
= 0.112 | = 1 | =
25 600 250
250 2 25
= ~0.8
250
From Chart Shaker ECCP (P4-24)
6.5
= 104
= 6.5 25 104 = 16.25 103
=
= 16.25 103 250 600
= 24382
\ = = 2438 2
= 2 2438 = 48762

0.25 + 0.052
=
100
0.25 + 0.052 21.6
= 250
100
600 = 20652 >
>
7 22

Yasser El-leathy P55)) Design the rectangular column shown in the

figure,(O.w of column may be neglected) . The column is connected
to footing that can resist moment ,The material properties are
= /, and Fy=360N/mm2
The column is un-braced
Answer
= + =
= = .

Collected By: Karim Sayed Gaber(2016) 25 22

 Reinforced Concrete Design Design of Columns

Check Column Type of two directions

Check for in plane [t direction] - MX Check for out of plane [b direction] - My
Ho = 7.5m (TAKE Full Ho = 3.5m
height as its free end) b= 0.35m
t= 1m
Upper Case :1 [Beam is
Upper Case : 4 [Free bigger than column]
end] & Lower Case : 1 Lower Case : 1
[Foundation] [Foundation]
Column is un-braced Column is un-braced
=2.2 =1.2
Calculating Slenderness Factor Calculating Slenderness Factor
2.2 7.5 1.2 3.5
= = = 16.5 > 10 = = = 12 > 10
1 0.35
Column is Long Column in plane direction Column is Long Column in plane direction
Take the bigger value of =16.5
calculating Madd
2
() 16.52 1
= = = 0.136
2000 2000
= = 850 0.136 = 115.6.
= = 150 3 = 450 .
= + . = . .

Design Column For P=850 KN & My=565.6 kN.m[M & P]

1 : =

565.6 0.665
= = 0.665 =
850 1
= 0.665
> 0.05 ( & )
850 103
2 : = = = 0.097
25 350 1000
> 0.04 ( & )
0.665
3 = = 0.665 > 0.5 ( )
1
1
= + = 0.665 + 0.05 = 1.115
2 2
= = 850 1.115 = 947.75 .
947.75 106
= 1 950 = 1 1 = 2.88 > 2.78 ( ) = 0.728
25 350
947.75 106 850 103
= = = 1092 2
360 950 0.728 360
1.15

Collected By: Karim Sayed Gaber(2016) 25 23

Reinforced Concrete Design Design of Columns
0.25 + 0.052
=
100
0.25 + 0.052 16.5
= 350
100
1000 = 38782 >
<
25 350 25
= = = 6.5
+ 25 25 + 25
= 6
= 0.4 = 0.4 3878
= 1551 2
=>

Mashhour Goneim p395))Design the rectangular column shown in the figure

below to support a factored load of 1500kN ,For simplicity the column may
be assumed hinged at foundation level.
The column is considered unbraced in x-direction and braced in y-direction
,The material properties are = / , and Fy=360N/mm2

Check Column Type of two directions

Check for x-direction [t direction] Check for y-direction [b direction]
In Plan Out of Plan
Ho = 6.6-0.6=6m Ho = 2.8m
t= 0.45m b= 0.3m

Upper Case : 1 [Beam is bigger than column] Upper Case : 1 [Beam is bigger than column]
Lower Case : 3 [Hinged Foundation] Lower Case : 3 [Hinged Foundation]
Column is un-braced Column is braced
= 1.6 = 0.9
Calculating Slenderness Calculating Slenderness Factor
Factor 0.9 2.8
1.6 6 = = = 8.4 < 10
0.3
= = Column is Short Column in Y-direction
0.45
= 21.3 > 10 =
Column is Long Column in X-direction =
Calculating Madd =
2
()
=
2000
21.32 0.45
= = 0.102
2000
=
= 1500 0.102 = 153 .
Collected By: Karim Sayed Gaber(2016) 25 24
 Reinforced Concrete Design Design of Columns

=
= + = 153 .
Design Column For Madd[y]=153 kN.m & P=1500 KN
153 0.102
= 1 : = = = 0.102 = 0.227
1500 0.45
) & ( > 0.05
1500 103
= 2 : = ) & ( = 0.37 > 0.04
30 300 450
102
) 3 = 450 = 0.227 < 0.5 ( : .
4 .
153 106 450 2 25
| = 0.37 = = | = 0.084 | = 1 = ~0.8
2 30 300 4502 450
From Chart Shaker P411
3.5
= 104 = 3.5 30 104 = 8.75 103
= = 8.75 103 300 450 = 11812
\ = = 1 1181 = 1181 2
= 2 1181 = 23622

] [ 0.25 + 0.052
=
100
][ 0.25 + 0.052 21.3
= 300 450
100
2
= 1833
>

2550 -
-
REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN HANDBOOK. / ( )2514 -
. ( ) -
. ( ( )2516 ) -
. ( ) -
-

- ()engineer-underconstruction.blogspot.com/p/obour.html

)Collected By: Karim Sayed Gaber(2016 25 25