Vinegar and Baking soda

NASA Rocket
By TONG NADIA EARN MILLY JAY
Introduction

In this experiment, we used baking soda and vinegar which have

chemical properties that can react with one another , then, the rocket will
move. Not only we used chemical theory ,but also physics theory which is
projectile theory and calculate it so that we can know the length of the
curve. Moreover, we designed shape of the rocket to create its balance.
Then, we collect the results and calculate them.
Objective

To determine, the relation between each chemical which are baking soda
and vinegar that can react with another to make the rocket be able to fly
and hit the target properly.
Design
Background Information
Rocket can mean a type of engine.

The world can also mean a vehicle that uses that engine. Like most
engines, rockets burn fuel. Most rocket engines turn the fuel into hot gas.
Background Information
Newtons First Law

- An object at rest will remain at rest unless acted on by an unbalanced

force.

- An object in motion continues in motion with the same speed and in the
same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.

This law is often called

"The law of inertia".

Background Information
Newtons Second Law

Newtons Second Law of Motion

The acceleration is proportional to the net force, and is inversely
proportional to the mass.
Background Information
Newtons second law defines a force to be equal to the differential change
in momentum per unit time as described by the calculus of mathematics,
which Newton also developed. The momentum is defined to be the mass
of an object m times its velocity v. So the differential equation for force is

Net force = d(m * v) / dt

Net force = m * d(v) / dt

Net force = mass of an object * acceleration

Background Information

Newtons Third Law

For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

The statement means that in every interaction, there is a pair of forces

acting on the two interacting objects. The size of the forces on the first object
equals the size of the force on the second object. The direction of the force on the
first object is opposite to the direction of the force on the second object. Forces
always come in pairs - equal and opposite action-reaction force pairs.
Example of Newtons Third Law
The rocket's action is to push down on the ground with the force of its
powerful engines, and the reaction is that the ground pushes the rocket upwards
with an equal force.
Background Information

Linear Motion or Free Fall

An object that falls through a vacuum is subjected to only one external force, the
gravitational force, expressed as the weight of the object.

An object that is moving only because of the action of gravity is said to be free
falling and its motion is described by Newton's second law of motion.

The acceleration is constant and equal to the gravitational acceleration g which is 9.8 meters per
square second at sea level on the Earth.

To know the velocity : V=a*t

Projectile Theory

A projectile is an object upon which the only force acting is gravity.

Variety of examples of projectiles.

An object dropped from rest is a projectile (provided that the influence of air resistance is
negligible).

An object that is thrown vertically upward is also a projectile (provided that the influence of
air resistance is negligible).

An object which is thrown upward at an angle to the horizontal is also a projectile (provided
that the influence of air resistance is negligible).

A projectile is any object that once projected or dropped continues in motion by its own
inertia and is influenced only by the downward force of gravity.
 Background Information
Newton's second law (Fnet = m a)
When combined with the definition of acceleration (a = change in velocity / time),
the following equalities result.

F=ma or F = m v / t
If both sides of the above equation are multiplied by the quantity t, a new equation
results.

F t = m v
In physics, the quantity Force time is known as impulse. And since the quantity
mv is the momentum, the quantity mv must be f change in momentum.
Background Information

Impulse = Change in momentum

I = F t
In a collision, an object experiences a force for a specific amount of time
that results in a change in momentum. The result of the force acting for the
given amount of time is that the object's mass either speeds up or slows
down (or changes direction). The impulse experienced by the object equals
the change in momentum of the object.
Background Information

Energy is the capacity for doing work.

Kinetic Energy is the energy possessed by an object in motion.

x mv^2 ( m = mass of object and v = speed of object )

Potential Energy is an energy - energy an object has because of its

position relative to some other object .

Mgh ( m = mass of object , g = gravity 9.8 or 10 and h = height )

Background Information

Work refers to an activity involving a force and

movement in the direction of the force

Work = Force Distance

Background Information
Power is the rate of doing work or the rate of using
energy, which are numerically the same.

Power = Work done / Time interval

Kinetic Energy

Kinetic energy is an expression of the fact that a moving object can do work
on anything it hits; it quantifies the amount of work the object could do as a
result of its motion.

Kinetic Energy : mv^2

Potential Energy
Potential energy is energy which results from position or configuration. An
object may have the capacity for doing work as a result of its position in a
gravitational field (gravitational potential energy), an electric field (electric
potential energy), or a magnetic field (magnetic potential energy).

Ep = mass * gravity(9.8 or 10) * height

Materials for the rocket

PLASTIC BOTTLE
CORK
TAPE HARD PAPER PAPE
R
Materials for the launcher

PLASTIC FEATURE BOARD PVC PIPE

Materials for launching the rocket

TISSUE PAPER
BEAKER

DIGITAL BALANCE
BAKING SODA

VINEGAR
Procedure
Planning process - all members were helping each other to think about what we
were going to do such as when we would create a rocket, what would we have to
prepare, and how would we create the rocket. Importantly, we separated people
into 2 groupsexperimenting and reporting.

For the report group, they started doing the introduction part ,and they did some
initial finding such as Newtons Law of Motion and aerodynamic so that they could
plan about the shape and design of the rocket.
Procedure

After knowing some fundamental information, they designed the rocket.

1. For the experiment group, after planning what to buy, they went to buy
materials in shops and supermarket

After everything was ready, we started to create the rocket as same as what we
designed. During that time, some members were building the launcher by PVC
pipe
Procedure
We well measured the volume of vinegar by using the measure substance ,and
put it into the rocket.

Also to measure the mass of baking soda by digital balance, we put tissue on the
balance first so that it would be able to fold the baking soda.

Then, after folding the baking soda with tissue, we attached it with cock by using
tape.
Procedure

To launch, a person put the cock in the rocket. Immediately, the person put it on the
launcher and waited for it to fly.See the result.
Result
Mass of the rocket Distance Covered Angle of propulsion Accuracy

68.55 20 Meters 45 Degrees 0

68.55 20 Meters 45 Degrees 0

72.88 35 Meters 45 Degrees 0

70.31 20 Meters 45 Degrees 2

70.31 12 Meters 45 Degrees 0

Result
Mass of the rocket Distance covered Angle of propulsion Accuracy

77.68 13 Meters 45 Degrees 0

77.68 19 Meters 45 Degrees 0

77.68 19 Meters 45 Degrees 1

77.68 25 Meters 45 Degrees 1

77.68 25 Meters 45 Degrees 0

77.68 19 Meters 45 Degrees 0

77.68 20 Meters 45 Degrees 4

Conclusion
In conclusion, the group has created the rocket called NASA Rocket which
relates to physics rules such as Newtons Law of Motion, aerodynamics, projectile
etc. As the group kept experimenting, they kept changing the amount of reactants
,however, they were succeeded by making the rocket hit the target point 4 which
was the highest point by using 13.01g of baking soda ,235mL of vinegar, 45
degrees angle, and 77.68g of rocket. Therefore, they kept the record of all datas
and analyze them ,and made the report.
Recommandation
We should calculate the amount of chemical according to the ratio first ,because it
have many obstacles that happen during the experiment such as error in amount
of chemical which can make the calculating error. Also we should prepare for a
spear path ,because the rocket might be broken during the experiment ,and it
happened ,however, fortunately that we have another rocket. Last but not least
,during the experiment the tester should wear a lab coat , goggle ,and glove to
protect your body from chemical spill ,which can make body feels irritable.
References
Hall, Nancy. (2015). Aerodynamic Forces. Retrieved from
https://www.grc.nasa.gov/www/k-12/airplane/presar.html.
Hall, Nancy. (2015). Newtons Second Law. Retrieved from
https://www.grc.nasa.gov/www/k-12/airplane/newton2.html.
Hall, Nancy. (2015). Newtons Third Law Applied to Aerodynamics. Retrieved
from https://www.grc.nasa.gov/www/k-12/airplane/newton3.html.
Hall, Nancy. (2015). Torque (Moment). Retrieved from
https://www.grc.nasa.gov/www/k-12/airplane/torque.html.