Theoretical Framework

The Bluetooth wireless technology is an emerging technology originally designed as a

short-range connectivity solution for personal, portable, and handheld electronic devices. For that

reason, there are several studies/ projects that make use of the Bluetooth wireless technology in

which we find it worth to review as we create our project.

In [1], Simon Hay and Robert Harle investigated a Bluetooth connection-based tracking.

This permits tracking of a previously identified handset within a field of fixed base stations.

Proximity is determined by creating and monitoring low-level Bluetooth connections that do not

require authorization. They investigate the properties of the low-level connections both

theoretically and in practice, and show how to construct a building-wide tracking system based

on this technique. In the end they concluded that the technique is a viable alternative to inquiry-

based Bluetooth tracking.

The World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology were able to publish a

review on comparative Analysis of Arduino Micro Controllers. In their study, they found out that

Arduino micro enables faster prototyping. Their study provided a wide description about

Arduino processor. [2] This article have further analyzed and thoroughly explained that Arduino

Micro is based on ATmega32u4 (8- bit CPU, 16MHz clock speed, 2.5KB SRAM, 32KB flash

storage) which features a 20 digital I/O pins. They also have identified its advantage which

includes all of the power and functionality of a full Arduino Leonardo board in a much smaller

form factor. And in the end they concluded that Arduino Micro is designed to easily slot into a

breadboard, for faster prototyping. But however due to the small form factor, they found out that

Arduino Micro may not work with many add-on boards.

 In [3], they presented the functionality and architecture of an indoor positioning service

developed on the top of the Bluetooth wireless technology. Their design choices for their service

have been influenced by the features of Bluetooth. And the effectiveness of the indoor

positioning service is critically analyzed. In this study, experimental and simulation results used

for defining the policy of mobile device discovery have been shown. This study is wort

reviewing since one of the resource that our prototype will be using is the Bluetooth wireless

technology

In 1992, James P. Campmim, invented a personal alarm device with motion detector and

planar piezoelectric hi-level sound generator. It is basically a personal alert safety system, having

visual and audio safety components, in a small, lightweight, high impact casing with two

compartments separated by a planar wall providing a watertight wall between the two

compartments, the planar wall being a sealed laminated piezoelectric sound transducer. [4] There

are two compartments in this project and the second compartment is a resonating chamber with

sound ports for the piezo electric sound generating transducer. Two manual switch operators are

located on opposite exterior sides of the casing and in a sealed manner actuate switches in the

interior circuitry to turn the unit on and off.

Hongkiat a leading go-to sites for all things related to technology posted an article

entitled 10 Bluetooth-Tracking Devices To Keep your Belonging Safe which emphasizes the use

of Bluetooth to help you make sure you never lose any of your items again. Most of the

mentioned devices there comes with an iOS or Android app and some have a community of

fellow users that can help you locate any missing items. [5] StickNFind is one of the devices

mentioned in the article wherein a trackable coin-sized sticker helps you track your belongings

via a smartphone app. Another is the XY Find-It- which allows you to sync your XY to your
smartphone and attach it to any of your items like your purse, tablet or even your luggage. As

long youre within its 150 ft range, you can detect the distance between your phone and the item

you have XY attached to. Another amazing device that they mentioned is the Tile which is an

attachable tracking device that uses Bluetooth low energy to help track any item that youve

paired Tile with. Tiles Last Place Seen is a GPS location feature that allows you to recall its

location easily for quick retrieval. Find Em Tracking is another device which has an app that will

alert you when you are too far from the pre-determined range of the card. Other devices are

PROTAG Elite, PebbleBee, BluTracker, Bringrr & BringTags, Linquet and Lupo.

In [6], the proponents have developed a low cost indoor-resolution position system for

rapid prototyping that they can use to test phone applications in an office setting. Their project

entitled An Inexpensive Bluetooth-Based Indoor Positioning Hack is capable of providing

phones with context information about their locations at the scale of rooms and workspaces. It is

important for the researchers to consider this related study since this microcontroller based

projects sole purpose is to determine the indoor position of our valuable thing through the use of

Inexpensive Bluetooth-Based sensor.

Additionally, the researchers have discovered another similar project entitled eWatch: a

wearable sensor and notification platform in which the eWatch is a wearable sensing,

notification, and computing platform built into a wrist watch form factor making it highly

available, instantly viewable, ideally located for sensors, and unobtrusive to users. [7] Bluetooth

communication provides a wireless link to a cellular phone or stationary computer. eWatch

senses light, motion, audio, and temperature and provides visual, audio, and tactile notification.

The system provides ample processing capabilities with multiple day battery life enabling

realistic user studies. This paper provides the motivation for developing a wearable computing
platform, a description of the power aware hardware and software architectures, and results

showing how online nearest neighbor classification can identify and recognize a set of frequently

visited locations.

In [8], J. Hallberg, M. Nilsson, and K. Synnes have presented their evaluation of

Bluetooth positioning in a general positioning platform. And in order to complement their

theoretical evaluation with empirical test, Bluetooth based positioning system was implemented.

They found out that, Bluetooth device can also take a more passive role in a positioning task,

where the unique address of the device is used by a connected device to look up respective

position in a database. It is also possible to forward a position gained from the positioning

platform using the peer to peer characteristics in Bluetooth. Their paper does also contain a

discussion on the theoretical time requirements for a positioning system based on Bluetooth.

On April 14 2014, the Wall Street Journal published an article entitled Why We Keep

Losing Our Keys? In this article they have mentioned, that average person misplaces up to nine

items a day, and one-third of respondents in a poll said they spend an average of 15 minutes each

day searching for those items such as cellphones, keys and paperwork top the list, according to

an online survey of 3,000 people published in 2012 by a British insurance company. [9] Some of

the experts interviewed by the Wall Street Journal says our genes are at least partially to blame.

Stress, fatigue, and multitasking can exacerbate our propensity to make such errors. Such lapses

can also be linked to more serious conditions like depression and attention-deficit hyperactivity

disorders. "It's the breakdown at the interface of attention and memory," says Daniel L. Schacter,

a psychology professor at Harvard University. According to them, when you encode a memory,

the hippocampus, a central part of the brain involved in memory function, takes a snapshot

which is preserved in a set of neurons, says Kenneth Norman, a psychology professor at

Princeton University. Those neurons can be activated later with a reminder or cue. So with that,

basically it is important to pay attention when you put down an item, or during encoding for us to

easily remember the things we usually loose.

In general, those academic articles or writings cited above have been studied and

analyzed by the proponents of this project to establish a more detailed and realistic idea for this

project.