Design an isolated square footing for a column 500mm x 500mm,

subjected to an axial load of 600kN and a uniaxial moment of 30

kN-m. The safe bearing capacity of soil is 120kN/m 2.Use M20
concrete and Fe-415 Steel.

Solution
1)Design Constants
For M20 & Fe415 combination we have
x u max
=0.479 and Ru=2.761
d

2)Size of footing
W=600 kN. W=60kN; M=30 kN-m
Equating the maximum soil pressure to the safe bearing capacity of soil,
660 30
+ =120 or 660B + 180=120 B3
B 2 B 3 /6

Solving this we get B=2.47m

However, provide the footing of size 2.5m x 2.5m
The Maximum and minimum soil pressure are given by

W 6 M 600 630
p01= 2
+ 3 = 2+ 3
=96+ 11.5=107.5 kN /m2
B B 2.5 2.5

W 6M
p02= 2
3 =9611.5=84.5 kN /m2
B B

Pressure intensity under the column axis is

1 2
p0= [ 107.5+84.5 ] =96 kN /m
2

3)Design of section for bearing compression

The footing is arranged central under the column as shown in figure
Intensity of net soil pressure below the column face is
 107.596
p' 0=96+ 0.25=98.3 kN /m 2
1.25

Maximum Bending Moment will occur at face AB.

1 1
Cantilever Length is ( Bb ) = ( 2.50.5 ) =1 m
2 2

Total force under cantilever ( 2.51 ) [ 98.3+107.5

2 ]=257 kN

Distance of its centroid from AB ( 98.3+ ( 2107.5 ) 1

98.3+107.5 ) 3
=0.507 m

8
Bending Moment M 2570.507=130 kN m=1.310 Nmm

8 8
M u=1.5M =1.51.310 =1.9510 Nmm

d=

Mu
Ru b1
=
1.95108
2.761500
=376 mm

4)Design for shear

The depth found above should be safe for shear. For two-way shear (punching
shear), the critical plane lies at d/2=200mm from the column face for which width

b0 =b+ ( d2 )=500+200=700 mm
Fu
v=
The punching shear stress 4 b0d0 .

Where Fu=Punching Shear 1.5 [ W p0 b 0 ]=1.5 [ 60096(0.7) ]=829.44 kN

2 2

dd 1 Bbd
d 0=d1 + (
( Bb ) /2 2 )
400140
d 0=140+ ( 2500500400 )=348 mm
2500500

829.441000 2
v = 4700348 =0.851 N / mm
Permissible shear stress=ks*0.25 f ck =10.25 20 =1.118N/mm2 > v

Hence the thickness found from point of view of bending compression is safe.
For one way shear, the critical plane CD lies at distance d(=400mm) from column
face. The cantilever length to the right of CD =1.25-0.25-0.40=0.6m
Intensity of pressure p0 at CD is given by

107.584.5
p' ' 0=84.5+ ( 2.50.60 ) 102 kN /m 2
2.5

The section at CD will be trapezoidal as shown in figure. The width at top is given by

2500500
b=500+ 400=1300 mm
1000

Effective depth

' 400140
d =140+ 600=296 mm
1000

x u max
For balanced section, =0.479 . Let xu/d=0.4 for under reinforced section so
d
that xu=0.4, d=0.4*296=118.4mm.

Width of section at N.A. is given by

25001300
bn =1300+ 118.4 2210 mm
156

Shear force Vu at CD is given by

1
V 'u=1.5 2.5 0.6 [ 107.5+ 102 ] =235.69 kN
2

V 'u 235.69 1000

= '
= =0.36 N / mm2
bn d 2210 296

Permissible shear stress at p=0.3%(under reinforced section) =0.384N/mm 2 with

k=1.Hence thickness provided from point of view of bending compression is
adequate.

5)Design for bending tension

For an under-reinforced section
 A st =
fy[
0.5 f ck
1 1
]
4.6 M u
f ck b1 d
2
b1 d=
0.5 20
415 [
1 1
]
4.6 1.95 10 8
20 500(400)
2
500 400=1625 mm2

1625
Number of 12 mm bars 15
113.1

The same reinforcement is provided in other direction.

6)Check for development length

Ld=47=47x12=564mm
Available length, providing a side a cover of 60mm=1000-60=940mm.Hence safe.
The details of reinforcement are shown in figure.

500mm

12mm 15 nos

200mm
460mm

P02=84.5kN/m2

p01=107.5kN/m2

1500mm 1000mm
1250mm 1250mm
 C

A 400mm
2.5m 600
500mm
1000mm
500mm B