Proceedings o f 2005 International Symposium on Electrical Insulating
Materials, June 5-9, 2005, Kitakyushu, Japan
Design of Microstrip Bandpass Filter used for PD UFH Detecting in GIS
Zhang Xiaoxing *, Xu Zhongrong, Zhou Qian, Tang Ju. Sun Caixin
The Key Laboratory of High Voltage Engineering And Electrical New Technology, Ministry of Education,
Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
E-mail : mikezxx@tom.com
ABSTRACT: The ultra-high frequency antenna sensor
is widely used for PD Detecting in GIs. But the signal
gained from antenna sensor i s very weak and contains
strong interference, and the energy loss of antenna
sensor is not infinite out of the effective band,
electromagnetic signal is coupled in antenna sensor at
idling frequency band. So a micro-strip band-pass filter
design method is introduced, and a band-pass filter and
amplifier unit are designed based on micro-strip line
theory. The high performance amplifier and the
half-distributing parameter UHF filter whose work
frequency band is 300-1000MHz and can cover with
the frequency band of the antenna sensors. Testing
results show that the performance of filter and amplifier
is great and can be used to detect the feeble PD signals
and suppress the low frequency interferes.
KEY WORDS: microstrip line, bandpass filter, GIS,
UFH detecting
INTRODUCTION
The PD signal generated from the GIS is of such a high
equivalent frequen~y[,~.~~(the
impulse gradient reaches
to I-2ns,the equivalent frequency is above lGHz),
whereas the main electromagnetic interference such as
the frequency of corona discharge is under 200MHz,
therefore the ultra high frequency(UHF) method i s a
feasible means to detect the partial discharges.
The signal that detected by the outer ultra high
frequency means is the electromagnetism wave which is
leaked from the gap of tub type insuIator. Due to this,
the signal received by the out-built antenna sensor is
very weak: in the mean time, the on-site partial
discharge detection condition is so complicated. Out of
the effective band, the interference source is various and
its intensity is strong, and the energy loss of antenna
sensor is not infinite which lead to the electromagnetism
signal coupling in antenna sensor at low frequency
band[]. Signals can be detected directly without the
amplifier, but the sensibitity will be reduced.
Considering the disturbance is focused in the low
frequency range, the UHF detection system constituted
of amplifier filter and antenna sensor is a better way to
increase the PD detection sensibility and SNR.
PRINCIPLE OF MICROSTRIP FILTER
The partial discharge energy covers from low frequency
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P1-54
to ultra-high frequency, the UHF measure range from
300MHz to 3GHd3, and the energy above lGHz is very
small. Therefore, the filter work frequency band is
designed from 300M-1GBz with the filters fraction
bandwidth bigger than 1, which belong to broad-band
microwave filter.
The design methods of microwave filter are almost the
same as that of the low frequency filter, but the
distribution parameters must be used to replace the Ium
wares due to its short wavelength and high frequency14. P
Generally speaking, the filter in UFH band always
preferred the passive filter by using the transmission
line structure, which includes wave conductor line,
coaxial line, ribbon line, micro-strip line and so on. The
micro-strip line is simple in structure, easy for
machining, and is widely used for its easiness to realize
the miniaturization and integration.
This paper introduces the micro-strip structure -the
band-pass filter that consists of R, 14 paralleling stub
and ,lo / 4 connecting line. ,lois the wave length of
the center frequency &,in the transmission medium.
This filter is one of the main prototype of broadband
filters.
Fig. 1 A band-pass filter with doi 4 stub and
connecting wire
DESIGN OF FILTER
Steps of The Filter Design
According to the filter theory, all types of the filter can
be mapped into the normalized low-pass fiIter[5761.
Therefore the design of the band-pass filter should be
based on the quota of the design, firstly, seeking a
prototype of the low-pass filter and starting from the
design of normalized low-pass filter, then mapping into
the band-pass filter shown in the fig.2. The frequency
variable of the low-pass filter prototype is U , the
frequency variable of the band-pass filter is o . d i s
cut-off frequency o f the low-pass filter prototype,
-
col co2 is the edge frequency o f the band-pass filter,
q,is the center frequency of the band-pass filter, LA,
is the max attenuation about the band-pass, L A , is the
minimum attenuation about the band-block. The
mapping relationship of the variables is expressed as
follows:

(2k - 1)x
a, =sin[- ] (k=1,2, . . A )
2n
b, = y z +sin 2 (-)k n (k=1,2, ...n)
n
g is the low-pass normalized prototype value. It can be
calculated with the last equation or obtained by looking
up to the table.
(a) Ihl

(a) low-pass response (b) band-pass response

If the parameters of low-pass filter prototype g o g,+*, -
fraction bandwidth W and prescription of terminal
Fig.2 Low-pass and band-pass response conductance Y, = Y, are gained, the characteristic
admittance of stub and connecting wires can be
calculated by the following equations.
(1)
(3 j The characteristic admittance calculation equation
-wI 0 2 For the prototype having n reactances, this band-pass
Where fractional bandwidth W = -
00
filter has n paralleling stubs with the wave length
1 A014.
+ w I)
The central frequency w o = -(02
2 (5)
In the transfer process, L and C of the low-band filter
corresponds to the L-C series resonance Ioop and the
L-c parallel resonance i00p[5J.

Design rule of the band-pass filter is following as the I

indexes request: the center frequency, frequency range,

intra-band insertion loss, out-off-band suppressed,
standing wave ratio. Based on these indice values of
normalized low-pass prototype and the characteristics
admittances at all levels are calculated respectively. At
last, the size of micro-strip line circuit is synthesized,
In the equation above, d ( 0 < d 5 1 1 is a constant value
without dimension whose function is adjusting and
getting the proper admittance level. The representative
value is 1.

Calculation Formula

{ 1) Frequency transfer The characteristics admittance of the paralleling stub are

expressed:
Y, = g , Y , w , ' ( l - d ) g , tan8, + Y , ( N , , --)J12 (9)
YA
(2) The normalized low-pass prototype value
There are two kinds of typical filters that can be used
for normalized filter design, namely, the max flat
response filter and the Chebysher filter. This paper J"4"
adopts the Chebysher filter and its normalized equation r, = YAWl'(g"gn+, -&og,)tanQ, +r,tN,-,." --)
YA
is as follows:
(11)
The characteristics admittance of the connecting wire is:

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All the connecting wires and the stubs are of the 4 14
length.
Design Result
The parameters of micro-strip filter designed by author
is as follows: the pass-band frequency range
(attenuation is less than 0.1dB ) is 300MHz- I GHz, the
block-band (attenuation is above 40 dB) range is below
150 MHz or above 1350 MHz, the port characteristic
resistance is 50 Q , the standing wave ratio is below 1.5.
The data calculation can be achieved by the MATLAB
programming. Calculation results of micro-strip filter
are as folIows:
When filter is added, it will cause some attenuation
because of the feeble signal. Considering this point, an
amplification unit is added before the filter unit. The
principle is shown in the fig.4, where ERA-3 is the low
noise and high gain coupling integration amplification
powered by a single electric source. C, , L and R, are
fimctioned as de-coupling and filtration, and C , isolates
the direct current of the input signal. Then the JBF-1000
type micro-strip line filtration amplification is formed
after connecting the micro-strip line distributing
parameter filter. The whole electric circuit is provided
with over-voltage and electro-static protection.

wo=650MHz: W = l ; n=6;
g=[l 1.1681 1.4039 2.0562 1.517 1.9029
0.8618 1.35541:
Y 1=Y6=0.363 8 : Y2=Y5=0.70974;
Y+Y4=0.70265; Fig.4 The principle sketch of the microstrip filter
Y12=Y56=I .29: Y23=Y45=1.375; amplifier JBF- 1000
Y34=1.3228;
The fig.5 is the characteristic curve of the filter and
Based on these parameters above, the calculation of amplification unit.
micro-strip line size and analogue output can be
accomplished by the LJNECALC soft package of the 5 :
. .. . . . .
ADS2002. After the optimization and debug, we carry
out the filter parameter testing by the HP8753D signal
recorder. Practical performance curve is shown as
fig.3.
I

,fi
ti
: i

U %Ye* ti *U$, I- 14)11r

( a > VSWR of amplifier and filter

IO&

r -

-
.U& 1 -

c ssf. -la t M k
i!*
( a > VswR of filter ?W

xld
Mi
I
m U Ym9z QIh 1.Wk 1-11

(b) Gain of amplifier and filter

i o
Fig5 The amplification unit .standing wave ratios
and gains of filter

TEST OF PD-DETECTING

( b ) Gain of a filter The filtration is applied to the PD signal gathered by the

Fig.3 The standing wave ratios and gains of the filter
From the performance curve, we can see that the
standing wave ratio of some point is above 1.5. This
may be due to the mis-machining tolerance. Standing
wave ratio of the whole curve is less than 2 and can
meet the application require.
embedded loop sensor and dipole Antenna from the
defect modal of metal particulate on the surface of
insulator. As shown in Fig.6, the satisfactory effect can
be achieved after filtration, therefore it can be selected
to the pretreatment of signal, The PD signals submerged
in the noise signals can be observed because of the
adding of the filter unit, but the signal must be amplified
for the great loss in signal amplitude.

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 ( a > Dipole Antenna
2Wldl.
5CnsidlV
. r I j
b/&v . E ; !
%I&r . , ! II. I
I -
,
I
a
,
t f I 1
The fig.7 is the contrast of the PD signal gathered by the
embedded loop sensor and its spectrum fore-and-aft the
adding in of the filter and amplification unit. It is clear
that the amplitude of PD signal is enlarged after filter
and amplification unit, at the same time, the amplitude
of noise is depressed, the SNR is increased largely. This
can facilitate the future research work such as the
mechanism research and pattern recognition. It is clear
that the signal below 280MHz is depressed from
spectrum chart, it also can be said that the spectrum of
noise is mostly below 280M; the signal at band
28OMHz-1OOOMHz is enlarged, the gain and pass-band
are in accordance with design standard; the PD energy
above 700MHz is very weak. In the complicated site
situation, the proper enlargement factor and margin
should be selected when considering the sensitivity of
the gathering system and pattem recognition work in the
future.
CONCLUSION
This paper designed a high performance micro-strip line
filter with the work frequency band 300--1000MHz.
The experiments show that the amplifier and filter unit
has a good character that can satisfy the demand for
preprocessing of UHF signal measurement.
I I
(4)
BWdh
l"lldl7
0)
(1) Onginal signal (2) Spectrum of original signal
(3) Signal after filtenng and amplifying (4) Spectrum
after filtering and amplifying
Fig.7 Companng of partial discharged signals after
filtering and amplifying
REFERENCES
f l ] Sun Caixin,Xu Gaofeng, Model And Performance
Of Inner Sensorsused For Partial Discharge Detection In
Gis, Proceedings Of The Csee,pp89-94,2004.8
[Z] Tang Ju,Wei Gang, Research On The Dipole
Antenna Sensor With Broandband For Partial Discharge
Detection In Gis, High Voltage Engineering,pp29-31,
20040.3
[3] Zhou Tao,Zhou Wenjun, Experimental Research Of
Uhf Method For The Detection Of Partial Discharge In
Gis (J), High Voltage Engineering, pp15-16 2001.6,
Vo1.27.
[4] Sheng Zhenhua, Electromagnetic Microwave
Technology And Antenna, Xian Electron Technology
University Press, 1995.4.
[5] Gan Benba,Wu Wanchun, Structure And Design Of
Modem Microwave Filter [MI, Science Press ,1973.
[6] Gao Baoxin,Hong Xingnan, Microwave Circuit
Computer Aid Designw], Tinghua University
Press, 1988.4.
BIOGRAPHY:
Zhang Xiaoxing: was bom in 1972, Qiangjiang City,
Hubei Province, China, now is pursuing in PH.D. and
mainly research in high voltage electric equipment
insulation on line monitoring and fault diagnosis.
E-mail: mikezxx@tom.com
Tang J u was born in Pengxi, Si Chum Province, China,
in 1960. Dr. Tang is the professor in the key lab of high
voltage engineering, Chongqing University. Currently,
he is involved in the high voltage equipments detection
on-line.
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