Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Q.1 MCQ 20
Q.4 B Classify 2
Q.5 B Experiment 3
Ex-1 MCQ
L-6
1. What is the name of the process by which the glucose molecules in our body cells
liberate heat by reacting with oxygen?
4. What is the color of the outmost zone of the candle flame where complete combustion
takes place?
L-7
L-8
2. What is the temperature that can be attained in the box of a solar cooker?
A.Uranium B.Aluminium
C.Silicon D. Sodium
5. Which of the following solar equipment does not convert solar energy into heat energy?
L-9
5.While collecting biomedical waste , the plastic waste is to be put in which colour
dustbin?
4. What happens when a burning candle is inserted in a gas jar filled with carbon dioxide
gas?
A.4 When a burning candle is inserted in a gas jar filled with carbon dioxide gas the
burning candle extinguishes.
10.Which gas is produced when a mixture of ammonium chloride and sodium nitrite is
heated?
A.10 Nitrogen gas is produced when a mixture of ammonium chloride and sodium nitrite is
heated.
10. How many electrons are present in the outermost energy level (orbit) of an oxygen
atom?
A. The elements that has 1, 2, or 3 electrons in the outermost energy level have a strong
tendency of forming positive ions.
A. Red phosphorous is used to prepare match sticks , crackers , explosives and even
insecticides . Compound of such as zinc phosphide to prepare and kill rats.
9. What is ionization?
A1. The lenses for which both the surfaces are curved inward is called concave lens.
Q2. Where should an object be placed in front of convex lens such that the final image is
real and is of the same size as that of the object?
A2. At 2f an object should be placed in front of convex lens such that the final image is real
and is of the same size as that of the object.
Q3. What is the nature of the image formed when an object is placed between focal point
and optical of a convex lens?
A3. The image formed when an object is placed between focal point and optical centre of a
convex lens is virtual, erect and larger than the object
Q4. What is the nature of the image formed when an object is placed at the focal point of a
convex lens?
A4. When an object is placed at the focal point of a convex lens the image is formed at
infinity and the image is real , inverted and highly magnified.
A5. Concave lens is used for making spectacles for near sightedness and in door holes.
2) One can study planets, stars, moon and entire solar system.
L-5 Q1. Which is the main organ of the male reproductive system?
Q5. In which organ is the zygote implanted where it gets developed ito a child?
A5. Uterus organ is the zygote implanted where it gets developed ito a child.
Q6. What is the newly developed ovum after meeting with the embryo called?
A6. The newly developed ovum after meeting with the embryo is called zygote.
A7. The kidneys are located on the lateral side of the vertebral coloumn in the back region.
A10. The constituents of urine are urea, uric acid, ammonia and water.
A.1 A substance which catches fire is called combustible substance (eg) wood, paper, etc.
Q.2 What is the color of the flame when a substance undergoes incomplete combustion?
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A.2 The color of the flame is yellow when a substance undergoes incomplete combustion.
Q.3 Which portion of the flame does a goldsmith use with the help of a blowpipe while
making ornaments?
A.3 Goldsmith make use of central portion of flame while making ornaments.
Q.5 In which type of combustion heat is produced but light is not produced?
Q2. Which variety of coal is used in the thermal power station and railways?
A2. Lignite coal is used in the thermal power station and railways.
Q3. At what temperature is petroleum heated before it is sent in the fractional distillation
tower?
A3. Petroleum is heated at 450oC temperature before it is sent in the fractional distillation
tower.
Q4. Between what temperature range is naphtha obtained during the fractional distillation
of petroleum?
Q5. What is obtained in between temperatures 260oC to 340oC is the fractional distillation
tower in the fractional distillation of petroleum?
A5. Diesel is obtained in between temperatures 260oC to 340oC is the fractional distillation
tower in the fractional distillation of petroleum.
A6. The uses of petroleum gas are 1. In the fractional distillation first of all at 25o C,
petroleum gas is separated.
2. Mainly it is used in vehicles and as a feul for cooking food it is known as L.P.G.
Q7. Due to which gases in the exhaust of the vehicles the atmospheric pollution has
increased?
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A7. The atmospheric pollution has increased due to sulphur dioxide, oxides of nitrogen and
carbon monoxide present in the exhaust of the vehicles.
[L-8] Q1. In what form is the energy supplied by the sun to us?
Q2. For how many more years will the sun supply energy to us?
A2. The Sun will supply energy to us for 4.5 billon years. Q3. Why is the box of a
solar cooker coloured black?
A3. The box of a solar cooker is coloured black because black surface absorbed more heat
energy.
Q4. Why is mirror fitted in the lid of the box of a solar cooker?
A4. Mirror is fitted in the lid of the box of a solar cooker so that it reflects the sunrays
inside the box.
A5. A solar cooker is used 1) To roast or to dry food. 2) To cook pulses and rice.
Q6. Why is the copper pipe used in a solar water heater wounded in the form of a coil?
A6. The copper pipe is used in a solar water heater wounded in the form of a coil because
in coil shape copper tube the area of absorbing heat increased.
Q10. Which place in the kheda district has a solar power plant having a capacity of eight
kilowatt?
A10. Kalyanpura village in the Kheda district has a solar power plant having capacity of
eight kilowatt.
A11. When many solar cells are connected in a series it is called a solar panel.
A1. The undesirable, physical, chemical all biological changes occuring in air, water or on
land is called pollution.
A2. Heaps of plastic are seen on roads, riverbanks. They get choked up in drainage system.
Animals eat such plastic and diseases are caused. Burning of it releases poisiones gases in
the air. Inhaling such air causes respiratory system.
Q3.What are the useful things that can be made from used plastic bags after cleaning them?
A3. The used plastic bag can be utilized to make door mat, sitting mat, or thread for the cots
, chocolate wrappers or biscuits can be used to prepare toran.
A4.Students and teachers will not use plastic in the school as well as at their home on this
day.
Q5. Go to a place near your society where plastic waste is thrown. Dig the ground there and
find a piece of plastic. Examine it and note down what is the effect on that particular piece.
EX.3 DEFINE
2 Atomic Number- The number of protons or electrons present in the atom of an element is
called Atomic number.
L-3 1 Oxidation The chemical process in which either oxygen is added or hydrogen is
removed is Oxidation.
3 Reactants Atoms or molecules taking part in any chemical reaction are called Reactants
L-4 1) Centre of Curvature : curved surface of lens are part of two spheres , the centre of
that sphere are called centre of curvature of the lens.
2) Radius of curvature : the radius of the sphere of which curved surface of lens is a part ,
is called radius of curvature.
3) Focal length : the distance between optical centre and focal point is called focal length.
L-5 1. Reproduction: the natural process in which organism of one 's species produced a
new organism of its own species is call reproduction.
2. Excretion: the removal of useless , harmful liquid substance from our body is called
excretion.
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L-6 1. Combustion: A chemical process in which a substance reacts with oxygen and
produces heat and light is called combustion.
2. Ignition point: A substance catches fire at definite temperature , this temperature is called
ignition point.
3. Complete combustion: When a substance get sufficient amount of oxygen it burns with a
blue flame it is called complete combustion (eg) combustion of L.P.G.
Ex-5 Difference
2 It is an element 2 It is a compound
3 It does not effect red or blue litmus 3 It turns moist blue litmus paper red.
paper
Molecule Atom
Molecule is the fundamental unit of a Atom is the fundamental unit of an
compound. element.
Atom Ion
Most metals are heavy in weight. Most non-metals are light in weight
L-4
TESTIS OVARIES
1. It is male reproductive organ. 1. It is female reproductive organ.
2. It produces sperms. 2. It produces ova.
L-6
L-7
Lignite Anthracite
1. It is brown or grey in colour. 1. It is hard and black in colour
2. petrol Diesel
1. Petrol is seprated at 30C to 120C 1. Diesel is seprated at 260C to 340C
L-1 1. Hydrogen gas is filled in ballons because hydrogen is lighter gas as compared to
air.when a balloon inflated with hydrogen gas .it becomes lighter than air. When this
balloon is released it rises high up in the sky hence, hydrogen gas is used in the balloons
that are to rise up in the sky.
L-2 1. An atom is electrically neutral because 1) positively charged protons are present in
the nucleus of atom. 2) negatively charged electrons revolve around the nucleus in the
definite circular orbit. 3) in an atom of any element the numbers of proton is equal to the
numbers of electrons so the total positive charge is equal to the total negative charge hence,
an atom is electrically neutral.
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2. Helium and neon gases are chemically inert because helium and neon have the outermost
orbit filled due to this fully filled orbit helium and neon can not accept or donate electrons
with atoms of any other elements so they are chemically inert.
L-3 1 Small amount of copper is added to gold and silver while making jewellery because
the ornament make from pure gold such that if pressure is exerted from on them their shape
changes so pure gold is mixed with metals such as silver , cooper or zinc to make it strong
and durable.
2. Stainless steel is used for making household utensils because it is an alloy made up of
iron, chromium, nickel. It is corrosion resistant. It is hard and strong. Stains of food items
can be removed easily on washing it. It shows lustre so its utensils looks attractive.
L-6
1. When a paper cup filled with water is hearted over a candle flame the paper cup does not
burn because if the temperature of the substance does not reach till its ignition point, the
substance doesnot start burning. Due to this reason the cup doesnot start burning as long as
there is water in it.
2. Fir caused due to petrol cannot be extinguished by water because by this way fire
doesnot extinguishes. Petrol is lighter than water so it floats on water and spread. If water is
used there is a risk of getting burn.
L-7
We must use substance like petrol diesel sparingly and very judiciously because - petroleum
is non-renewable source of energy it takes millions of year to form the stock of petroleum is
limited so if we make extravagant use of item there is probability that it will be exhausted
in near future further use of these substance increase pollution
L-8 1. Copper pipe used in a solar water heater is wound in the shape of a coil.
Because in coil shape cooper tube the area of absorbing heat increased.
L-9 1. It is our moral duty to conserve the environment - because 1. Men's existence is due
to environment. 2He fulfills all his economic needs from environment. 3. It gives him
shelter, food, water, air, minerals, etc 4. Harm to environment means harm to manland 5.
Disturbance in environment causes many problems 6. Problems of clean air and water,
shortage of food and fodder, death of animals due to inbalance in environmental change are
all caused due to harm caused to environment 7. Hence to live a good life and to save future
generation, it is our moral duty to conserve the environment.
It helps in combustion.
3. Hand pumps preparing oxygen is used by the patients suffering from pneumonia and
lung diseases to get instant relief.
4. Oxygen is used to prepare flames having high temperature like oxyhydrogen flame
(28000C) and oxyacetylene flame (3100oc-33000c) which is used to cut or join metals
together
5. It is very necessary in the production of chlorine, nitric acid and sulphuric acid.
When carbon dioxide reacts with calcium hydroxide, calcium carbonate and water are
formed. Ca(OH)2 + CO2 = CaCo3 + H2O
When carbon dioxide reacts with calcium carbonate and water, calcium bicarbonate is
formed. CaCo3 + H2O + CO2 = Ca(HCO3)2
When carbon dioxide is heated with water at high pressure , carbonic acid is produced. CO2
+ H2O H2CO3 .
7. It is used for the preparation of baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) useful in cooking.
Ans. 1 Hydrogen gas is used as fuel and also it is used to obtain electricity.
2. it is lighter then air, hence this gas is used in the balloons which are used for the study of
the atmosphere above air level.
Ans. 1. It is used to prepare chemicals like ammonia, nitric acid, calcium cyanamide, urea,
etc.
2. It is used to prepare inert atmosphere example on the inflammable liquids, instead of air,
nitrogen gas should be filled so that there is less possibility of fire.
5. The roots of the plants like peas make use of the nitrogen from the air and produce food
containing plenty of protein.
Ans. The number of proton (p) or electrons (e) in an atom is called the atomic number
(z) of an atom. Eg.
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Atomic number of helium (He) is 2. therefore it will have 2 protons and 2 electrons.
Atomic number of Carbon (C) is 6. Therefore it will have 6 protons and 6 electrons.
L-3
Q1 Explain the reaction of metals with oxygen with the help of an example.
Ans. When metals react with oxygen metal oxides are formed
Q2 Explain the reaction of metals with acids with the help of an example
Ans Most of the metals react with acids. During the reaction, Hydrogen from acid is
liberated as gas. If a magnesium strip is dipped in acid, some bubbles come out it is
hydrogen gas
1 Used as ornaments
Graphite
Q4 Explain with examples the process of oxidation with the help of an example.
Ans. The chemical process in which either oxygen is added or hydrogen is removed is
called Oxidation. Eg. 2H2+O2 2H2O (Addition of oxygen in hydrogen)
Ans The chemical process in which either Oxygen is removed or hydrogen is added is
called reduction. Eg. H2 + CuO Cu + H2O
L-4
Q1. Give name of instruments used in our day-to-day life in which convex lens is used.
A2.The uses of telescope are 1) Telescope is used to study sky and celestial body like
planets ,stars , etc. 2) Simple telescope is used to see distant object nearer and clearer.
A3. Watch repairer use a convex lens because when the minute parts of watch are placed
between convex lens and its focal point they appear magnified so the watch repairer can
repair the watch easily using a convex lens
L-5 Q1. Write the names of the organs of the male reproductive system.
A1. The names of the organs of the male reproductive system are testis, vas deferens,
seminal vesical, prostate gland, penis.
Q2. Write the names of the organs of the female reproductive system.
A2. The names of the organs of the female reproductive system are ovary, uterus, oviduct,
cervix, vagina.
L-6 Q.1 Write three condition necessary for the combustion of a substance.
Q2 What will you do if a fire has broken out in the house of your neighbour ?
3 I will help people caught in the fire and sent them to the hospital if required.
Q.3 Why is water not used to put off the fire caused due to electricity?
A Water not used to put off the fire caused due to electricity because it conduct electricity
and there is a risk of getting electric shock.
A We find fire extinguisher in schools, malls, offices, petrol pump, airport, railway station.
A Substance like water , soap foam , sand, thick cloth, or mattress and carbon dioxide gas to
extinguish fire.
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A Lantern gas stove fuel is used to produce fire. The holes in the lower part helps to provide
continuous supply of air so that the fire burns continuously without producing smoke.
Q.7 Why are LPG/PNG fuels better than other fuels for cooking?
A LPG/PNG fuels undergo complete combustion and produce more heat, No smoke is
produced, when this burnt . Hence there is no pollution.
L-9
A. Millions of year ago vegetations like plants and trees were buried under the earth. Due to
the natural process and because of high pressure and high temperature under the earth they
were compressed and converted to mineral coal.
A. There are 4 types of mineral coal they are 1.Peat coal 2.Lignite coal 3.Bitumen 4.
Anthracite
A. Substance are obtained by the fractional distillation of petroleum are petroleum gas,
petrol, naphtha, kerosene, diesel , lubricating oil, fuel oil and tar.
L-8
L-9 Q1. What do you do with the plastic waste after use?
A1. The used plastic bag can be utilized to make door mat , sitting mat , or thread for the
cots , choclate wrappers or biscuits can be used to prepare toran.
A2. Electronic item contain circuit, I.C, etc refrigerator , T.V, washing machine, computer
calculator etc are the names of electronic item.
A3. Things that come in e-waste are useless C.D, old T.V, old computer, old mobile, old
radio, old calculator, broken cassettes
A4. Things like syringe, needle, scalpel, slides, Scissors, blood bottles, medicines, urobag
catheter , x-ray film, operation equipments are used scissors, cotton, bandages etc are
included in biomedical waste.
A5. Things like dressing material, blood samples, urine samples, removal tumor or organs
are capable of spreading micro organisms. They pollute air, water and soil. They spread
diseases and harm public health.
EX. 7 CLASSIFY
Non- combustible substances : iron strip , copper strip , glass , mud , stone , water ,carbon
dioxide
Answer in Detail
L-1
Q1. What happens when a smouldering incense stick is inserted in a test tube filled with
oxygen gas and kept for some time in the test tube? Make your observation and note it
down.What is the reason behind this?
A1.When a smouldering incense stick is inserted in a test tube filled with oxygen gas it start
burning with flame because oxygen is a supporter of combustion and hence supports in
combustion of object. Due to this it starts burning faster and easily when inserted in the test
tube filled with oxygen. As a result smouldering incense stick starts burning with flame.
Ans. Atom is the fundamental component of an element, It is very minute. The circular
central portion of an atom is known as nucleus. It is also known as the centre of atom.
There are two types of particles namely neutron and proton in the centre of an atom which
is called nucleus. The particles known as electron move around the nucleus in the definite
circular path.
(2, 8, 1) . Its outermost energy level has only one electron to complete the energy level. It
has tendency to lose 1 electron . Due to the loss of an electron with the regards the nuclear
charge, it does not remain neutral but it becomes positively charged. Therefore it is called
positive ion of sodium.
Na gives Na+ + e-
A3. The electronic configuration of oxygen is (2,6).the outermost orbit contains 6 electrons.
to complete the energy level, it gains 2 electrons. So, both the oxygen atom shares 2
VIII Science 22
electrons each and complete the energy level having 8 electrons and make oxygen
molecule.
A4. The electronic configuration of nitrogen is (2,5). This means its outermost orbit
contains 5 electrons. to complete its octat and become stable, it requires 3 electron.
Therefore both nitrogen shares 3 electrons and complete the energy level having 8 electrons
and form nitrogen molecule (N2) electron
L-3
7 Metals are usually solids, Exception mercury is the only metal found in liquid forms
8 Generally metals are heavy, yet sodium, potassium, magnesium and aluminium are light
metals.
Ans. Red phosphorus is used to prepare match sticks, crackers explosives and even
insecticides. Compounds of phosphorus are used such as:-
Q5. Discuss about oxidation and reduction in the chemical process given below:
A5.In the reaction oxygen is added in H2 and water is formed. This is oxidation reaction.
Oxygen is removed from CuO and Cu is formed. This is called reduction reaction. In one
reaction both oxidation and reduction takes. Hence, this reaction is called redox reaction.
L-4 Q1. How is a point like image of the sun obtained using a convex lens? Explain.
A1. 1) Take a convex lens. 2) Hold it in such a way that sunrays are incident on it and
concentrate at a point on white paper. 3) Here convex lens is used to converge the sun rays
and to obtain point like image of the sun
Q2. Explain the formation of image by a concave lens with the help of a figure.
A2. When an object is at any distance in the front of the concave lens, the emerging rays do
not meet but diverge with respect to principal axis. So image formed by concave lens is
always virtual, erect and smaller than the object.
A3. During respiration carbon dioxide and additional humidity is eliminated by lungs
through exhalation. some amount of water in form of humidity is release .this elimination is
lesser when the atmosphere is humid such as monsoon but it is high during the cold and dry
season.
L-7 1. What do you mean by fossil fuel? How many types of fossil fuels are there?
A. Millions of years ago plants and animals either living or dead were buried under the
earth due to the heat and the pressure of earth crust they were converted into fossils. The
fuel formed form such fossils are called fossil fule. There are mainly three types of fossil
fuels 1.Mineral coal. 2). Petroleum (mineral oil) 3. Natural gas.
A. On the earth many times there were very big storms in the oceans due to this in the
coastal area the microscopic aquatic creatures were buried under the soil of the ocean under
the high pressure and under the high temperature of the earth they were converted into
petroleum.
3. How can we use the substances like petrol and diesel judiciously? (Give three points)
A. Substances like petrol and diesel judiciously should be used 1. For walking distance
vehicles running on petrol and diesel should not be used 2. Switch off the engine of the
vehicles when you are waiting on the traffic signal 3. Instead of personal vehicles use
public transport should be used. 4. The engine of the vehicles should be serviced regularly
5. Vehicles having high mileage and high efficiency should be used.
L-8
Pollution free
Vitamins are not destroyed nutrients are retained and we get natural taste.
Solar cells are connected with each other by silver which is costly.
To overcome the demand of energy supply fuels like petrol, diesel, kerosene, etc are used
extensively.
Q.4 What are the uses of solar dryer and parabolic solar cooker?
A4. Solar dryer grains, fruits, vegetables are dried and dried fruits can be stored for long
time.
L-8 1.Draw a neat and labeled diagram of a solar water heater. Explain its
construction and working
Construction:
As shown in the above figure, overhead tank is connected with a small tank of solar water
heater.
Coil shapes copper tube is placed in box, so the area absorbing heat energy can be
increased.
For more absorption of heat, the outer surface of copper tube is coloured black
One end of copper tube is connected at the bottom and other is connected at the middle of
overhead tank.
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Working:
Due to the pressure difference between two ends of copper tube, the from overhead tank
continuously flows in the tube.
Hot water is lighter so it remains at upper part of tank and from there it is used with the
help of water tap.
L-9
A1. The amount of e-waste is increasing in the modern era because 1. There is continous
population increase 2. Demand of electronic good rises 3. Due to advance technology,
people discard old mobile, music system, etc and buy new 4. With change in life style now
their are multiple T.V, Mobiles, Music Systems in a house
A2. The remedies to reduce e-waste are 1.ectronic item should be repaired and used for
long time 2. old items can be given back inexchange 3.rome merchants buy back e-waste
should be said 4. we can give things which we do not use to some needy person.
A3. In electronic gadgets , circuits ,I.C, I.E integrated circuits soldering metal etc are
present they consist of metals like platinium , gold, mercury, tin and chromium .if not
disposed properly, they may lead to pollution .so, e-waste should be disposed properly
EX. 8 EXPERIMENT
APPARATUS AND MATERIALS: test tubes, test tube holder, candle, an incense stick,
potassium permanganate
PROCEDURE: 1) Take a test tube. 2) Hold it with test tube holder. 3) Put potassium
particles in the test tube as shown in the figure. 4) Heat the test tube with the flame of the
candle. 5) When potassium permanganate gets heated up in the test tube there will be some
VIII Science 27
cracking sound. 6) After that as shown in the figurehold an incense stick in the test tube and
keep it inside the test tube for sometime and observe.
OBSERVATION: When we insert burning incense stick in the test tube. it burns more
brightly.
FIGURE:
PROCEDURE: 1. Take a convex lens 2. keep it on a stand and place the stand on a plane
surface 3. Incident light on it with a torch 4. Adjust the
screen of drawing paper behind the lens in such a way that a point like image is formed as
shown in the figure 5. The location of this point is the focal point of the lens.
OBSERVATION: All the rays parallel to the principal axis converge at a point after
refraction.
CONCLUSION: The distance between the optical centre and focal point of a convex lens
is its focal length.
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