SYLLABUS FOR CIVIL PROCEDURE

Atty. Victor Y. Eleazar

PART I

III. Civil Procedure

A. Actions
1. Meaning of ordinary civil actions
2. Meaning of special civil actions
3. Meaning of criminal actions
4. Civil actions versus special proceedings
5. Personal actions and real actions

0 Far East Bank v. Spouses Plaza, G.R. No. 154489, July

25, 2003Penus

6. Local and transitory actions

7. Actions in rem, in personam and quasi in rem

Lucas v. Lucas, G.R. No. 190710, June 6, 2011Melegrito

8. Payment of docket fees

Ballatan v. Court of Appeals, March 2, 1999, 304 SCRA

34Hendelson
Heirs of the late Reinoso Sr. v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No.
116121, July 18, 2011, 654 SCRA 1Valdez
Fedman Development Corp. v. Agcaoili, G.R. No.
165025, August 31, 2011, 656 SCRA 354Ilagan
Ruby Shelter Builders and Realty Development Corp. v.
Formaran, G.R. No. 175914, February 10, 2009, 578
SCRA 283Planada
GSIS v. Heirs of Caballero, G.R. No. 158090, October 4,
2010Anwar

Rule 1, Rules of Court

Read: Herrera, Remedial Law 1, pp. 367-409

B. Cause of action
1. Meaning of cause of action

Turner v. Lorenzo Shipping Corp., G.R. No. 157479,

November 24, 2010Cleofe

2. Right of action versus cause of action

3. Failure to state a cause of action

Date of last revision: 29 January 2017

 4. Test of the sufficiency of a cause of action

0 Belle Corporation v. de Leon-Banks, G.R. No. 174669,

September 19, 2012Espina
1 Santos v. Santos-Gran, G.R. No. 197380, October 8,
2014Macadato

5. Splitting a single cause of action and its

effects

Umale v. Canoga Park Development Corp. G.R. No.

167246, July 20, 2011, 654 SCRA 155Culla
Marilag v. Martinez, G.R. No. 201892, July 22,
2015Diongzon
Damages in ejectment cases: Progressive Development
Corp. Inc. v. Court of AppealsPeralta, 301 SCRA 637;
Read Herreras Critque on damages and costs; See
Hualam Construction v. Court of Appeals, 214 SCRA
612Lapuz; Felisilda v. Villanueva, 139 SCRA 431Gahol

6. Joinder and misjoinder of causes of action

1 Rule 2, Rules of Court

2 Read: Herrera, Remedial Law Vol. I, pp. 410-503
3 UCPB v. Beluso, 530 SCRA 567Relativo

C. Parties to civil actions

1. Real parties in interest; indispensable parties;
Representatives as parties; necessary
parties; indigent parties; alternative
defendants

2 Excellent Quality Apparel Inc. v. Win Multi Rich Builders,

Inc., G.R. No. 175048, February 10, 2009Fernandez
3 Stronghold Insurance Co. v. Cuenca, G.R. No. 173297,
March 6, 2013Bucalan
4 V-Gent Inc. v. Morning Star Travel and Tours, G.R. No.
186305, July 22, 2015Magno
5 Navarro v. Escobido, November 27, 2009Dimal
6 Arcelona v. CA NB: Read case in the SCRA and take
note of the Errata: Arcelona v. CA, 280 SCRA 20Andales
7 Carandang v. De Guzman, November 29, 2006Lincod

Personality to sue; Estate of a decedent

8 Vda. de Borromeo v. Pogoy, G.R. No. 63277, November

29, 1983, 126 SCRA 217Maglaya
9 Compare with: Ventura v. Militante, G.R. No. 63145,

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 October 9, 1999Latosa and Spouses Rodolfo Berot and
Lilia Berot v. Siapno., G.R. No. 188944, July 9,
2014Arroyo
10Boston Equity Resources v. CA, G.R. No. 173946, June
19, 2013Manigbas
11Heirs of PacianoLabao v. Vand Der Kolk, G.R. No.
207266, June 25, 2014Malon

12Ang v. Ang, G.R. No. 186993, August 22, 2012Vinluan

2. Compulsory and permissive joinder of parties

13Sepulveda Jr. v. Pelaez, January 31, 2005, 450 SCRA

302Caritos
14Moldes v. Villanueva, 468 SCRA 697Villanueva
15Limos v. Spouses Odones, G.R. No. 186979, August 11,
2010Daria
16Pacana-Contreras v. Rovila Water Supply, G.R. No.
168979, December 2, 2013Pascual

Indispensable party v. Necessary party

17Seno v. Mangubat, G.R. No. L-44339, December 2,

1987, 156 SCRA 113Reyes Clariza

3. Misjoinder and non-joinder of parties

18Pantranco North Express v. Standard Insurance, 453

SCRA 482Robles

4. Class suit

19Adm. Matter No. No. 88-1-646: Re Request of the Heirs

of the Passengers of Dona Paz to set aside the Order of
Judge B.V. Chingcuangco, promulgated on March 31,
1988, 159 SCRA 623Valuis

5. Suits against entities without juridical

personality

6. Effect of death of party litigant

20Yadno v. Anchales, G.R. No. 174582, October 11,

2012Macalawi
21Carandang v. de GuzmanChen

7. Indigent party

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22Algura v. LGU of City of Naga, October 30, 2006Leyva

23Rule 3, Rules of Court

24Read: Herrera, Remedial Law Vol. 1, pp. 504-611

8. Transferee pendente lite

Medrano v. de Vera, G.R. No. 165770, August 9,

2010Ems Cee

D. Venue

1. Venue versus jurisdiction

2. Venue of real actions

0 Villanueva v. Judge Mosqueda, G.R. No. L-58287, August

19, 1982Antonio
1 Union Bank of the Philippines v. Maunlad Homes Inc.,
G.R. No. 190071, August 15, 2012Hendelson
2 Saraza v. Francisco, G.R. No. 198718, November 27,
2013Valdez

3. Venue of personal actions

3 Marcos-Araneta v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 154096,

August 22, 2008Ilagan
4 Garces v. CA, June 23, 1988, 162 SCRA504Planada
5 Mangila v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 125027, August
12, 2002Anwar

6 General Milling Corp. v. Uytengsu, 494 SCRA 241Cleofe

7 Saraza v. Francisco, G.R. No. 198718, November 27,
2013Penus

8 Hyatt Elevators and Escalators Corp. v. Goldstar

Elevators Phils., 473 SCRA 705Melegrito
9 Golden Arches Development Corp. v. St. Francis Square
Holding Inc., 640 SCRA 227Espina

10See Rule on Venue in A.M. No. 02-11-10-SC, A.M. No.

02-11-11-SC and A.M. No. 02-6-02-SC

4. Venue of actions against non-residents

11Ang v. Ang, G.R. No. 186993, August 22, 2012Macadato

5. When the rules on venue do not apply

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 Gumabon v. Larin, G.R. No. 142523, November 27,
2001Culla

6. Effects of stipulations on venue

12Unimasters Conglomeration Inc. v. CA, G.R. No. 119657,

February 7, 1997Diongzon
13Briones v. CA, G.R. No. 204444, January 14, 2015Peralta

7. Doctrine of forum non-conveniens

Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corp. v. Sherman,

G.R. No. 72494, August 11, 1989Lapuz
Philippine Deposit Insurance Corp. v. Citibank, N.A. and
Bank of America S.T. & N.A., G.R. 170290, April 11,
2012, 669 SCRA 191Gahol

14Rule 4, Rules of Court

15Read Herrera, Remedial Law Vol. 1, pp. 612-651

E. Uniformity of Rules

0 Rule 5, Rules of Court

1 Read: Herrera, Remedial Law Vol. 1, pp. 652-671
2 Revised Rule on Summary Procedure
3 Revised Rule on Small Claims Court

F. Pleadings
1. Kinds of pleadings
a) Complaint
b) Answer
(i) Negative defenses
(ii) Negative pregnant
(iii) Affirmative defenses
c) Counterclaims
(i) Compulsory counterclaim
(ii) Permissive counterclaim
(iii) Effect on the counterclaim when
the complaint is dismissed
d) Cross-claims
e) Third (fourth, etc.) party complaints
f) Complaint-in-intervention
g) Reply

0 Rule 6, Rules of Court

1 Read: Herrera, Remedial Law 1, pp. 672-711
2 Answer Ex AbudantiCautela? See Rosete v. Lim, G.R. No.
136051, June 8, 2006Relativo

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3 Filing fees for compulsory counterclaim or cross-claims:
See Korea Technologies Co. Inc. v. Judge Lerma, G.R. No.
143581, January 7, 2008Fernandez
4 Spouses Mendiola v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 159746,
July 18, 2012Bucalan
5 Bungcayao Sr. v. Fort Ilocandia Property Holdings and
Development Corp., G.R. No. 170483, April 19,
2010Magno
6 Firaza Sr. v. Ugay, G.R. No. 165838, April 3, 2013Dimal
7 Banco de Oro v. Court of Appeals, 468 SCRA 166Andales
8 GSIS v. Heirs of Caballero, G.R. No. 158090, October 4,
2010Lincod
9 Sy-Vargas v. Estate of Rolando Ogsos, Sr., G.R. No.
221062, October 5, 2016Maglaya
10Philtranco Service Enterprises Inc. v. Paras, G.R. No.
161909, April 25, 2012Latosa
11Remedy over: Samala v. Judge Victor, 170 SCRA
453Arroyo; CDCP v. Cuenca, 466 SCRA 714Manigbas
12Paramount Life & General Insurance v. Castro, G.R. No.
195728, April 19, 2016Malon
13Intervention: Bon-Mar Realty and Sport Corp. v. Spouses
de Guzman, G.R. No. 182136-37, August 29,
2008Vinluan; Republic v. CA, G.R. No. 174385, February
20, 2013Caritos

2. Pleadings allowed in small claim cases and

cases covered by the Rules on Summary
Procedure

3. Parts of a pleading
a) Caption
b) Signature and address
c) Verification and certification against
forum shopping
(i) Requirements of a corporation
executing the
verification/certification of non-
forum shopping
d) Effect of the signature of counsel in a
pleading

Rule 7, Rules of Court

Read: Herrera, Remedial Law Vol. 1, pp. 712-760
See Sec. 8, A.M. No. 02-11-10-SC
See Sec. 5 (a), A.M. No. 02-11-11-SC
Vda. de Formoso v. PNB, June 1, 2011Villanueva
Bank of Philippine Islands v. Court of Appeals, October
6, 2010Daria

6
 Santos v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 141947, July 5,
2001Pascual
Heirs of Lazaro Gallardo v. Soliman, G.R. No. 178952,
April 10, 2013Reyes Clariza
Arevalo v. Planters Development Bank, G.R. No. 193415,
April 18, 2012Robles
Petition for Relief from Judgment: Norris v. Parentela Jr.,
February 27, 2003Valuis; Compare: Argana v. Republic,
G.R. No. 147227, November 19, 2004, 443 SCRA
184Valuis
Petition for Issuance of Writ of Possession: Green Asia
Construction and Development Corp. v. CA, 508 SCRA
79; Parents-Teachers Association of St. Matthew
Christian Academy v. Metro Bank, G.R. No. 176518,
March 2, 2010Macalawi; de Guzman v. Chico, G.R. No.
195445, December 7, 2016Chen
What constitutes forum shopping: Brown-Araneta v.
Araneta, G.R. No. 190814, October 9, 2013Leyva; Clark
Development Corp. v. Mondragon Leisure and Resorts
Corp., G.R. No. 150986, March 2, 2007Ems Cee

4. Allegations in a pleading
a) Manner of making allegations
(i) Condition precedent
(ii) Fraud, mistake, malice, intent,
knowledge and other condition of
the mind, judgments, official
documents or acts
b) Pleading an actionable document
c) Specific denials
(i) Effect of failure to make specific
denials
(ii) When a specific denial requires an
oath

0 Rule 8, Rules of Court

1 Read: Herrera, Remedial Law Vol. 1, pp. 761-793
2 Tumpag v. Tumpag, G.R. No. 199133, September 29,
2014Antonio
3 Santos v. Alcazar, G.R. No. 183034, March 12,
2014Hendelson
4 Heirs of Nicolas S. Cabigas v. Limbaco, G.R. No. 175291,
July 27, 2011Valdez
5 Heirs of Andres Naya v. Naya, G.R. No. 215759,
November 28, 2016Ilagan

5. Effect of failure to plead

a) Failure to plead defenses and objections

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 b) Failure to plead a compulsory
counterclaim and cross-claim

6. Default
a) When a declaration of default is proper
b) Effect of an order of default
c) Relief from an order of default
d) Effect of a partial default
e) Extent of relief
f) Actions where default are not allowed

0 Rule 9, Rules of Court

1 Rule 11, Rules of Court
2 Read: Herrera, Remedial Law Vol. 1, pp. 794-823
3 Read: Herrera Remedial Law Vol. 1, pp. 857-863
4 Manuel Uy and Sons, Inc. v. Valbueco, Inc., G.R. No.
179594, September 11, 2013Planada
5 Gajudo v. Traders Royal Bank, March 21, 2006Anwar
6 Lina v. CA, 135 SCRA 637Cleofe
7 Lui Enterprises v. ZuelligPharma Corp., G.R. No. 193494,
March 12, 2014, 719 SCRA 88Penus
8 Arquero v. CA, G.R. No. 168053, September 21, 2011,
658 SCRA 70Melegrito
9 Sec. 8 (2), Special Rule of Procedure on Declaration of
Absolute Nullity of Void Marriage
10Sec. 5 (b) and (c), Special Rule of Procedure in Legal
Separation

7. Filing and service of pleadings

a) Payment of docket fees
b) Filing versus service of pleadings
c) Periods of filing of pleadings
d) Manner of filing
e) Modes of service
(i) Personal service
(ii) Service by mail
(iii) Substituted service
(iv) Service of judgments, final orders
or resolutions
(v) Priorities in modes of service and
filing
(vi) When service is deemed complete
(vii) Proof of filing and service
f) Notice of lispendens

0 Rule 13, Rules of Court

1 Read: Herrera, Remedial Law Vol. 1, pp. 873-915
2 Gagoomal v. Villacorta, G.R. No. 1092813, January 18,

8
 2012, 663 SCRA 444Espina
3 Homeowners Savings and Loan Bank v. Felonia, G.R. No.
189477, February 26, 2014Macadato

8. Amendment
a) Amendment as a matter of right
b) Amendments by leave of court
c) Formal amendment
d) Amendments to conform to or authorize
presentation of evidence
e) Different from supplemental pleadings f)
1

0 Rule 10, Rules of Court

1 Read: Herrera, Remedial Law Vol. 1, pp. 824-856
2 Read Regalado and Riano on issue on amendment in
case of jurisdictional issues on the original pleading
3 Swagman Hotels and Travel Inc. v. Court of Appeals, 455
SCRA 175Culla
4 Siasoco v. CA, G.R. No. 132753, February 15,
1999Diongzon
5 Citystate Savings Bank v. Aguinaldo G.R. No. 200018,
April 6, 2015Peralta
6 Dela Cruz v. Concepcion, October 11, 2012Lapuz
7 Dayao v. Shell Company, G.R. No. L-32475, April 30,
1980Gahol
8 Diona v. Balangue, G.R. No. 173559, January 7,
2013Relativo
9 OngPeng v. Custodio, 1 SCRA 780 Fernandezand Pan
Asiatic Travel Corp. v. CA, G.R. No. L-62781, August 19,
1988Bucalan

G. Summons
1. Nature and purpose of summons in relation to
actions in personam, in rem and quasi in rem
2. Voluntary appearance
3. Personal service

Sec. 128, Corporation Code

Sec. 190, Insurance Code; now Sec. 196 of PD 612 as
amended by 10607
Sec. 76, General Banking Law of 2000, R.A. No. 8791
Onstott v. Upper Tagpos Neighborhood Association, G.R.
No. 221047, September 14, 2016Magno
Sansio Philippines Inc. v. Mogol Jr., G.R. No. 177007, July
14, 2009Dimal

9
 4. Substituted service
5. Constructive service (by publication)
a) Service upon a defendant where his
identity is unknown or where his
whereabouts are unknown
b) Service upon residents temporarily
outside the Philippines
6. Extra-territorial service, when allowed
7. Service upon prisoners and minors
8. Proof of service

0 Rule 14, Rules of Court

1 Read: Herrera, Remedial Law Vol. 1, pp. 916-985
2 Atiko Trans Inc. and Cheng Lie Navigation Co. Ltd. v.
Prudential Guarantee and Assurance Inc., G.R. No.
167545, August 17, 2011Andales
3 De Pedro v. Romasan Development Corp. G.R. No.
194751, November 26, 2014Lincod
4 NM Rothschild & Sons (Australia) Ltd. v. Lepanto
Consolidated Mining Co., G.R. No. 175799, November
28, 2011, 661 SCRA 328Maglaya
5 A.M. No. 11-3-6-SC
6 Samartino v. Raon, July 3, 2002Latosa
7 Manotoc v. CA, 499 SCRA 21Arroyo
8 Pascual v. Pascual, December 4, 2009Manigbas
9 Yuk Ling Ong v. Co., G.R. No. 206653, February 25,
2015Malon
10Ang v. Chinatrust, G.R. No. 200693, April 18,
2016Vinluan
11Republic v. Domingo, G.R. No. 175299, September 14,
2011, 657 SCRA 621Caritos

H. Motions
1. Motions in general
a) Definition of a motion
b) Motions versus pleadings
c) Contents and form of motions
d) Notice of hearing and hearing of
motions
e) Omnibus motion rule
f) Litigated and ex parte motions
g) Pro-forma motions

0 Rule 15, Rules of Court

1 Read: Herrera, Remedial Law Vol. 1, pp. 986-1003
2 De los Reyes v. Ramnani, G.R. No. 169135, June 18,
2010Villanueva
3 Ramos v. Teves, A.M. No. P-12-3061, June 27,

10
 2012Daria; see Pojas v. Gozo-Dadole, 192 SCRA
575Pascual
4
5 Victory Liner Inc. Malinias, G.R. No. 151170, May 29,
2007Reyes Clariza

2. Motions for bill of particulars

a) Purpose and when applied for
b) Actions of the court
c) Compliance with the order and effect of
noncompliance
d) Effect on the period to file a responsive
pleading

0 Rule 12, Rules of Court

1 Read Herrera, Remedial Law Vol. 1, pp. 864-872

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