Inglês - Capítulos sobre gramática, false friends e compreensão textual

NDICE
Captulo 1 - GRAMMAR 05
Captulo 2 - False friends 17
Captulo 3 - tips 29
Captulo 4 - extra material 31
Captulo 5 - TEXT COMPREHENSION 45
FICHA TCNICA
Impresso: Multicopy
Reviso: Geovane Souza de Oliveira
Editorao eletrnica / Iconografia: InfotechArt - Informao, Tecnologia e Arte
Projeto Grfico / Edio de imagens / Ilustraes : PIXEL - Criaes Visuais
Capa: Art Publish

Ingls
Fsica Mdulo 1
D I C A S ...
Respire atualidade
- Procure ler muito sobre todos os assuntos em livros, jornais, revistas e sites de notcias, para que no
momento da prova voc no seja pego de surpresa com alguma informao que voc desconhea. Lendo voc
conseguir obter um grande vocabulrio e pacincia para enfrentar horas de leitura de enunciados;
# Pegadinhas de imagem
- Sempre que uma questo trouxer para voc uma figura ou imagem, atente-se! Busque entender o que
ela representa e o contexto em que est inserida, no v pelo bvio, nem sempre as coisas so o que parecem
ser;
# Falsos cognatos
- Sem dvida devemos tomar cuidado com falsos cognatos, principalmente nos idiomas. Por exemplo:
no confunda college (ingls) com colgio (portugus). O significado correto faculdade e colgio em ingls
high school. J no espanhol no confunda cuello (espanhol) com coelho (portugus), pois o correto pescoo.
TF1-2011 - REPRODUO PROIBIDA: Art. 184 do Cdigo Penal e Lei 9.610 de fevereiro de 1998 - www.gaussprevestibular.com.br
# Interprete o texto
- As provas agora abordam muito interpretao de texto, incentivam o aprendizado e o pensamento,
portanto saiba entender o que est sendo passado, qual a ideia principal e como o assunto se enquadra no
contexto geral;
# No enrosque
- Caso tenha alguma palavra no texto que voc desconhea, no fique preso a ela. Tente entender todo o
contexto. Pode ter certeza de que apenas uma palavra no far diferena. Lembre-se do tempo e da quanti-
dade de questes que voc ter pela frente;
# Leia o principal
- Antes de ler o texto, leia as perguntas referentes a ele. Com isso, voc no s saber o que procurar
como j ter ideia do que o texto aborda. Em seguida, leia o texto, j procurando a resposta especfica para
a questo;
# Treine
O que contribui muito para o seu bom desempenho o treino, portanto procure provas antigas e tente
resolver as questes e faa simulados, sempre marcando seu tempo, pois ele ser precioso no dia da prova.
ingls 3
Ingls
Fsica Mdulo 1
CAPTULO 1 - GRAMMAR
Pronouns
Personal Pronouns Possessive Adjectives and Pronouns

Reflexive Pronouns
subject form object form possessive adjective possessive pronoun
I me my mine myself
you you your yours yourself
he him his his himself
she her her hers herself
it it its its itself
we us our ours ourselves
you you your yours yourselves
they them their theirs themselves
A pronoun usually refers to something already mentioned in a sentence or piece of text. They are used instead
of nouns to prevent repetition of the noun to which they refer. One of the most common pronouns is it.
Example (Singular):
Without a pronoun: The train was late, the train had been delayed. (Sounds horrid, doesnt it?)
With a pronoun: The train was late, it had been delayed. (Much better!)
In this example the train is singular, therefore the pronoun must be singular also - it.
Example (Plural):
Without a pronoun: The trains were late, the trains had been delayed. (Still sounds horrid, doesnt it?)
With a pronoun: The trains were late, they had been delayed. (Much better!)
In this example the trains are plural, therefore the pronoun must be plural also - they.
Personal Pronouns - Subject
Replace the words in brackets by the correct personal pronouns. Note that Sue is the person speaking. The
(*) means that you are asked a question.
My name is Sue. (Sue) _____________am English. And this is my family.
My mums name is Angie. (Angie) ____________is from Germany.
Bob is my dad. (My dad) ____________is a waiter.
On the left you can see Simon. (Simon) ___________is my brother.
(Sue and Simon) _______________are twins.
Our dog is a girl, Judy. (Judy) ____________is two years old.
(Sue, Simon, Angie and Bob) ____________live in Canterbury.
(Canterbury) ____________is not far from London.
My grandparents live in London. (My grandparents) ____________often come and see us.
What can (*)____________tell me about your family?
Personal Pronouns Object
Aaron was on a business trip to California. He shows you the souvenirs he got for his family.
Fill in the correct pronouns.
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My sister Jane loves books. This novel is for (she) her.

My children like Disney films. The video is for (they)___________.
My brother Matt collects picture postcards. These postcards are for (he)____________.
My parents like Latin music. The CD is for (they)____________.
I like watches. This nice watch is for (I)____________.
My wife and I love sweets. These sweets are for (we)_______________.
My nephew likes cars. The toy truck is for (he)_____________.
My neighbour wants to go to California next year. The guide book is for (she)______________.
Here is another souvenir. I dont know what to do with (it)_______________.
You know what? - Its for (you)_______________.
Possessive Adjectives
Replace the personal pronouns by possessive adjectives.

Where are (you) your friends now?
Here is a postcard from (I) __________friend Peggy.
She lives in Australia now with (she) ____________family.
(She) ___________husband works in Newcastle.
(He) ____________company builds ships.
(They) ___________children go to school in Newcastle.
(I) _____________husband and I want to go to Australia, too.
We want to see Peggy and (she) ____________family next winter.
(We) _______________winter!
Because it is (they) ____________summer.
Possessive Pronouns
Replace the personal pronouns by possessive pronouns.
This book is (you) yours.
The ball is (I)____________.
The blue car is (we)_____________.
The ring is (she)____________.
We met Paul and Jane last night. This house is (they)____________.
The luggage is (he)_____________.
The pictures are (she)____________.
In our garden is a bird. The nest is (it)_________________.
This cat is (we)_____________.
This was not my fault. It was (you)________________.
Reflexive Pronouns
Fill in the correct reflexive pronouns.

I did not want to believe it and then I saw the UFO myself.
The girl looked at ____________in the mirror.
Freddy, youll have to do your homework________________.
You dont need to help them. They can do it_______________.
I introduced ___________to my new neighbour.
Boys, can you make your beds_______________?
She made ____________a pullover.
What happens when a fighting fish sees ______________in the mirror?
The father decided to repair the car________________.
We can move the table__________________.
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Verb Tenses
AFFIRMATIVE/NEGATIVE/
TENSE USE SIGNAL WORDS
QUESTION
action in the present taking place

once, never or several times always, every, never,
A:He speaks. facts normally, often, seldom,
Simple Present N:He does not speak. actions taking place one after sometimes, usually
Q:Does he speak? another if sentences type I (If I
action set by a timetable or talk,)
schedule
action taking place in the

A: He is speaking. moment of speaking at the moment, just,
Present
N:He is not speaking. action taking place only for a just now, Listen!, Look!,
Progressive
Q:Is he speaking? limited period of time now, right now
action arranged for the future
action in the past taking place

yesterday, 2 minutes
once, never or several times
A: He spoke. ago, in 1990, the other
actions taking place one after
Simple Past N: He did not speak. day, last Friday
another
Q: Did he speak? if sentence type II (If I
action taking place in the middle
talked,)
of another action
action going on at a certain

time in the past
A: He was speaking.
Past actions taking place at the same
N: He was not speaking. when, while, as long as
Progressive time
Q: Was he speaking?
action in the past that is
interrupted by another action
putting emphasis on the result

action that is still going on
action that stopped recently
A: He has spoken. already, ever, just,
Present Perfect finished action that has an
N: He has not spoken. never, not yet, so far,
Simple influence on the present
Q: Has he spoken? till now, up to now
action that has taken place once,
never or several times before the
moment of speaking
putting emphasis on the course

A: He has been speaking. or duration (not the result)
all day, for 4 years,
Present Perfect N: He has not been action that recently stopped or is
since 1993, how long?,
Progressive speaking. still going on
the whole week
Q: Has he been speaking? finished action that influenced
the present
action taking place before a

certain time in the past already, just, never, not
A: He had spoken.
Past Perfect sometimes interchangeable with yet, once, until that day
N: He had not spoken.
Simple past perfect progressive if sentence type III (If I
Q: Had he spoken?
putting emphasis only on the had talked,)
fact (not the duration)
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AFFIRMATIVE/NEGATIVE/
TENSE USE SIGNAL WORDS
QUESTION
action taking place before a

A: He had been speaking. certain time in the past
Past Perfect N: He had not been sometimes interchangeable with for, since, the whole
Progressive speaking. past perfect simple day, all day
Q: Had he been speaking? putting emphasis on the
duration or course of an action
in a year, next,
action in the future that cannot tomorrow
A: He will speak. be influenced If-Satz Typ I (If you ask
Future I Simple N: He will not speak. spontaneous decision her, she will help you.)
Q: Will he speak? assumption with regard to the assumption: I think,
future probably, we might,
perhaps
A: He is going to speak.
decision made for the future
Future I Simple N: He is not going to in one year, next week,
conclusion with regard to the
(going to) speak. tomorrow
future
Q: Is he going to speak?
A: He will be speaking. action that is going on at a

Future I N: He will not be certain time in the future in one year, next week,
Progressive speaking. action that is sure to happen in tomorrow
Q: Will he be speaking? the near future
A: He will have spoken.

Future II N: He will not have action that will be finished at a
by Monday, in a week
Simple spoken. certain time in the future
Q: Will he have spoken?
A: He will have been

speaking. action taking place before a
Future II N: He will not have been certain time in the future for, the last couple of
Progressive speaking. putting emphasis on the course hours, all day long
Q: Will he have been of an action
speaking?
A: He would speak. if sentences type II

Conditional I
N: He would not speak. action that might take place (If I were you, I would
Simple
Q: Would he speak? go home.)
A: He would be speaking.
action that might take place
Conditional I N: He would not be
putting emphasis on the course
Progressive speaking.
/ duration of the action
Q: Would he be speaking?
A: He would have spoken.

if sentences type III
Conditional II N: He would not have action that might have taken
(If I had seen that, I
Simple spoken. place in the past
would have helped.)
Q: Would he have spoken?
A: He would have been

speaking. action that might have taken
Conditional II N: He would not have place in the past

Progressive been speaking. puts emphasis on the course /
Q: Would he have been duration of the action
speaking?
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Verb Tense Final Test
Cumulative Verb Tense Review

Complete questions 1-10 below with the appropriate tenses, answer questions 11-15.
1. When Carol (call) _______________last night, I (watch) __________my favorite show on television.
2. I (work) __________for this company for more than thirty years, and I intend to stay here until I retire!
3. Sharon (love) __________to travel. She (go) _________________abroad almost every summer. Next year, she
plans to go to Peru.
4. Thomas is an author. He (write) _____________mystery novels and travel memoirs. He (write) ____________
since he was twenty-eight. Altogether, he (write) ________________seven novels, three collections of short sto-
ries and a book of poetry.
5. We were late because we had some car problems. By the time we (get) ____________to the train station, Susan
(wait) _____________for us for more than two hours.
6. Sam (try) __________to change a light bulb when he (slip) _________and (fell)___________.
7. Everyday I (wake) _________up at 6 oclock, (eat) ___________breakfast at 7 oclock and (leave) ________
for work at 8 oclock. However, this morning I (get) ______up at 6:30, (skip) ______breakfast and (leave)
___________for work late because I (forget) __________to set my alarm.
8. Right now, Jim (read) ___________the newspaper and Kathy (make) ___________dinner. Last night at this
time, they (do) ____________the same thing. She (cook) ___________and he (read) _____________the news-
paper. Tomorrow at this time, they (do, also) __________the same thing. She (prepare) ___________dinner and
he (read)____________. They are very predictable people!
9. By this time next summer, you (complete) ____________your studies and (find) ___________a job. I, on
the other hand, (accomplish, not) ________________anything. I (study, still) _______________and you (work)
______________in some new high paying job.
10. The students (be, usually) _________________taught by Mrs. Monty. However, this week they (teach)
____________________taught by Mr. Tan
11.
Jane talks on the phone.
Bob has been talking on the phone for an hour.
Mary is talking on the phone.
Who is not necessarily on the phone now? _____________
12.
Im going to make dinner for Frank.
Im making dinner for Judy.
Ill make dinner for Mary.
I make dinner for Ted.
I will be making dinner for Tony.
Who are you offering to make dinner for? _______________
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13.
Jane left when Tim arrived.
Bob left when Tim had arrived.
Tim arrived when Mary was leaving.
John had left when Tim arrived.
After Tim arrived, Frank left.
Who did not run into Tim? ________________
14.
Jane is talking in class.
Bob always talks in class.
Mary is always talking in class.
Whose action bothers you? ___________________
15.
Jane never left Jamestown.
Bob has never left Jamestown.
Who is still alive? ___________________
A - Comparison with -er/-est
clean - cleaner - (the) cleanest

We use -er/-est with the following adjectives:
1) adjectives with one syllable
clean cleaner cleanest
new newer newest
cheap cheaper cheapest
2) adjectives with two syllables and the following endings:

2 - 1) adjectives with two syllables, ending in -y
dirty dirtier dirtiest
easy easier easiest
happy happier happiest
pretty prettier prettiest
2 - 2) adjectives with two syllables, ending in -er
clever cleverer cleverest
2 - 3) adjectives with two syllables, ending in -le
simple simpler simplest
2 - 4) adjectives with two syllables, ending in -ow
narrow narrower narrowest
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Spelling of the adjectives using the endings -er/-est
large larger largest leave out the silent -e
big bigger biggest

Double the consonant after short vowel
sad sadder saddest
dirty dirtier dirtiest Change -y to -i (consonant before -y)
Here -y is not changed to -i.

shy shyer shyest
(although consonant before -y)
B - Comparison with more - most
difficult - more difficult - (the) most difficult

all adjectives with more than one syllable (except some adjectives with two syllables - see
2 - 1 to 2 - 4)
C - Irregular adjectives
good better best
bad worse worst
much more most uncountable nouns

many more most countable nouns
little less least
little smaller smallest
D - Special adjectives
Some ajdectives have two possible forms of comparison.
common commoner / more common commonest / most common
likely likelier / more likely likeliest / most likely
pleasant pleasanter / more pleasant pleasantest / most pleasant
polite politer / more polite politest / most polite
simple simpler / more simple simplest / most simple
stupid stupider / more stupid stupidest / most stupid
subtle subtler / more subtle subtlest
sure surer / more sure surest / most sure
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Difference in meaning with adjectives:
farther farthest distance

far
further furthest distance or time
later latest
late latter x
x last
older oldest people and things

old
elder eldest people (family)
nearer nearest distance

near
x next order
Put in the adjective in bold from the first sentence into the second sentence in its correct form (comparative or
superlative).
Example: I have a fast car, but my friend has a ______ car.
Answer: I have a fast car, but my friend has a faster car.
1) This is a nice cat. Its much ______________than my friends cat.
2) Here is Emily. Shes six years old. Her brother is nine, so he is_____________.
3) This is a difficult exercise. But the exercise with an asterisk (*) is the _________________exercise on the
worksheet.
4) He has an interesting hobby, but my sister has the _____________hobby in the world.
5) In the last holidays I read a good book, but father gave me an even ____________one last weekend.
6) School is boring, but homework is _________________than school.
7) Skateboarding is a dangerous hobby. Bungee jumping is ________________than skateboarding.
8) This magazine is cheap, but that one is_______________________.
9) We live in a small house, but my grandparents house is even __________________than ours.
10) Yesterday John told me a funny joke. This joke was the ________________joke Ive ever heard.
Linking Verbs
Por linking verbs entende-se os verbos que, basicamente, fazem a ligao entre o sujeito da sentena e o que
se diz do sujeito.
Os verbos mais comuns so: be, seem, look, feel, appear, become, grow, sound, taste, go, get, smell, prove.
Exemplos:
I am proud of my students. achievements.
All the participants seemed happy.
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The class activity proved to be interesting.

It is becoming darker and darker. Let.s take a cab!
His idea sounds good, doesnt it?
This pasta tastes awful. Whats wrong with it?
After the crash of the Concorde, everybody wants to know what went wrong and what the future of supersonic
travel is.
Some people say this world is going crazy.
My ancestors were farmers.
I am getting hungry. How about going to the school cafeteria?
Contrary to parents expectations, the two brothers became Catholic priests.
Betty seems (to be) the ideal person to look after (take care of) the children.
A new supermarket has been built round the corner. (Passive Voice)
A: What does your brother do for a living?
B: Dont you know? He is a physician (doctor of medicine).
Auxiliary verbs
Vo ajudar dar sentido ao verbo principal. So eles:

a. am, is, are, was, were
b. have, has
c. do, does, did
d. will
Exemplos:
A: It.s 1 p.m. I am starving. (Present Progressive or Continuous)
B: No kidding!
I dont believe its raining again! It will spoil my Sunday! (Simple Future)
I have already finished reading the book for my Literature class. (Present Perfect)
Has your sister returned from work yet? (Present Perfect)
Nothing will prevent me from succeeding! I am determined to succeed.
Do you ever go to church on Sundays? (Simple Present)
Does your brother speak Spanish? (Simple Present)
Did you visit the Tower of London when you were there? (Simple Past)
Modals
1) can
Use Examples
ability to do sth. in the present (substitute form: to be able to) I can speak English.
permission to do sth. in the present (substitute form: to be allowed to) Can I go to the cinema?
request Can you wait a moment, please?
offer I can lend you my car till tomorrow.
suggestion Can we visit Grandma at the weekend?
possibility It can get very hot in Arizona.
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2) could
Use Examples
ability to do sth. in the past (substitute form: to be able to) I could speak English.
permission to do sth. in the past (substitute form: to be allowed to) I could go to the cinema.
polite question * Could I go to the cinema, please?
polite request * Could you wait a moment, please?
polite offer * I could lend you my car till tomorrow.
polite suggestion * Could we visit Grandma at the weekend?
possibility * It could get very hot in Montana.
3) may
Use Examples
possibility It may rain today.
permission to do sth. in the present (substitute form: to be allowed to) May I go to the cinema?
polite suggestion May I help you?
4) might
Use Examples
possibility (less possible than may) * It might rain today.
hesitant offer * Might I help you?
5) must
Use Examples
force, necessity I must go to the supermarket today.
possibility You must be tired.
advice, recommendation You must see the new film with Brad Pitt.
6) must not/may not
Use Examples
You mustnt work on dads computer.

prohibition
You may not work on dads computer.
7) need not
Use Examples
I neednt go to the supermarket, were going to the

not necessary
restaurant tonight.
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Modal Verb Substitute Example
must to have to I must swim. = I have to swim.
must not not to be allowed to I must not swim. = I am not allowed to swim.
can to be able to I can swim. = I am able to swim.
may to be allowed to I may swim. = I am allowed to swim.
need to have to I need to swim. = I have to swim.
need not not to have to I need not swim. = I dont have to swim.
shall / should/ to be supposed to / to be I shall / should / ought to swim. = I am supposed to swim.

ought to expected to / to be to / I am expected to swim. / I am to swim.
Use modal verbs where possible. If a modal verb cant be used with a certain tense, use its substitute.
You (must) must get up early tomorrow.

You (not / need) ______________call a baby sitter.
We (may) _______________watch the film tonight.
He (not / can) ____________see me yesterday.
She (must) _____________stay at school yesterday afternoon.
(may / you) ______________go to the disco yesterday?
He (not / must) ________________sleep now.
You (not / need) ___________answer.
He (ought to) ______________give evidence at the court yesterday.

Since he bought the new car he (not / can) ________________sleep
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Ingls
Fsica Mdulo 1
CAPTULO 2 - False friends
FALSOS COGNATOS - FALSE FRIENDS
Apesar das diferenas entre o portugus e o ingls, ambos os idiomas tm palavras que se assemelham
na escrita ou no som. Algumas dessas palavras de fato possuem o mesmo significado nas duas lnguas (como
television e computer, que se traduzem por televiso e computador, respectivamente). Essas palavras que
tm semelhana ortogrfica e mesmo significado em diferentes lnguas chamam-se cognatos.
Entretanto, existem outras palavras que diferem completa ou parcialmente quanto ao significado, apesar
de a ortografia nos levar a pensar que elas realmente tenham o mesmo significado no portugus. Estes pares
de palavras so conhecidos como False Cognates ou False Friends (Falsos Cognatos ou Falsos Amigos). A
seguir, apresentamos uma lista com a seleo das palavras mais trickys (enganosas), organizadas da seguinte
maneira: na 1 coluna encontram-se o falso cognato e o seu significado em portugus e, na segunda, a palavra
em portugus com semelhana quela do ingls e a traduo para o ingls:
Actual - real, verdadeiro atual - current

Actually - na verdade, de fato atualmente - currently, nowadays
Adept - perito, profundo conhecedor adepto - follower, supporter
Advert - notar advertir - to warn, to advise
Agenda - pauta do dia, pauta para discusses agenda - organizer, diary
alis - else, moreover, furthermore/

Alias nome falso, cognato
besides / by the way
Alms - esmola almas - souls
Alumnus aluno j formado aluno - student, pupil
Amass acumular, juntar amassar - to crush
antena - aerial, antenna / antena pa-

Anthem hino
rablica - satellite dish
antecipar (adiantar) - to advance, to

Anticipate - prever; preceder
move forward
Antique objeto de arte antigo, antiguidade antigo - old, ancient
apologizar (fazer apologia) - to make

Apologize desculpar-se
defense
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aparelho - equipment, apparatus /

Apparel vesturio em geral device/ machine / braces (aparelho
ortodntico)
Example:
She was refined in her choice of apparel.

(Ela tinha bom gosto na escolha de seu vesturio.)
aplicao (investir dinheiro)- to in-

Application - inscrio, registro, uso
vest money
apontar (para algum ou alguma coi-

Appoint nomear, marcar, designar
sa) - to point to, to point at
Appointment - compromisso profissional apontamento (observao) - note
Assist - ajudar, dar assistncia assistir (ver, olhar) - to watch
Assume - presumir, supor assumir - to undertake, to take over
atender (a telefone, porta ou campai-

Attend - assistir, participar de nha)- to answer the telephone, the
door, the door-bell
Available vlido, disponvel avalivel - ratable
Avocado abacate advogado - lawyer
Balcony - sacada, varanda suspensa balco - counter
Example:
The legendary balcony where Juliet Capulet is said

to have pined for Romeo is one of the most visited
sites in Italy.
(A lendria sacada onde dizem que Julieta Capuleto

sentiu saudades de Romeu uma das mais
visitadas da Itlia.)
Barracks caserna, quartel barraca - tent
Beef - carne bovina bife - steak
bonde - streetcar, trolley car (USA),

Bond elo, vnculo, aplice
cable car, tram
Brand marca brando - tender, soft, mild,

temperate
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Cafeteria - refeitrio, bandejo, cafeteria - coffeehouse, coffee shop, coffee

cantina bar, cafe, etc.
Camp acampamento militar campo - field
Candor sinceridade, franqueza candura - candidness
Cargo - carga cargo - post, position

Carton - caixa de papelo carto - card
Casualty - baixa (mortes em acidente

casualidade - chance
ou guerra)
Chef - chefe de cozinha chefe - boss, chief
China porcelana, loua de porcelana China (pas) - China
Cigar charuto cigarro - cigarette
Collar - gola, colarinho, coleira colar (noun) - necklace / colar (verb) - to glue
College faculdade colgio - school
Commodity - artigo, mercadoria comodidade - convenience
compreensivo - understanding / tolerant,

Comprehensive - abrangente, extenso
sympathetic
conselho - advice (a piece of advice = um

Conceal - ocultar, dissimular
conselho)
Confident - confiante confidente - confidant
Construe explicar, interpelar construir - to build
contestar - to impeach, to impugn / to

Contest - competio, concurso
controvert, to challenge /to object
conversador - talkative person, loquacious

Conversant conhecedor, versado
person, talker, conversationalist
Converse oposto, contrrio conversa - chat, talk
Convict - ru, condenado, prisioneiros convicto - sure, certain, positive
Example:
Two of the convicts have escaped from

prison.
(Dois dos prisioneiros escaparam da
priso.)
Costume - fantasia (traje), traje tpico costume - habit, custom
Curse - maldio, praga, xingamento curso - course
ingls 19
extensivo
Dairy - laticnios, fbrica de laticnios dirio (noun) - diary; daily (adjective)
Data - dados (nmeros, informaes) data - date
Deception - engano, iluso decepo - disappointment
Dent - amasso, marca de batida dente - tooth
Example:
My car has a dent where it hit a tree.
(Meu carro est amassado onde se chocou

contra uma rvore.)
dependente - dependant, dependent /

Dependable - confivel
relative; subordinate
Design - projetar, criar / projeto, estilo designar - to appoint
devolver - to return, give back, refund

Devolve - transferir
(especially money), to render (restituir)
Discrete distinto, separado discreto - discreet, tactful, reserved,

discusso (desavena, bate-boca) -
Discussion debate, consideraes
argument
Disgusting nojento, repulsivo desgostoso - displeased, dissatisfied
divertir - to entertain, to amuse / divertir-se

Divert desviar
- to enjoy oneself, to have fun
diverso - amusement / fun / entertainment,

Diversion - desvio pastime / parque de diverses - amusement
park.
Doze - cochilar doze (number) - twelve / dose - dose

educao (boas maneiras) politeness, good

Education instruo, formao escolar
manners
Effective eficaz, que produz efeito efetivo permanent
Elaborate esmerar, aperfeioar elaborar develop, prepare
Engross monopolizar engrossar to enlarge, to thicken
Enroll inscrever-se, matricular-se enrolar to roll
Estate bens, patrimnio estado state
Estrange separar, apartar estranho strange
Eventually finalmente eventualmente occasionally
Exigency urgncia, situao de

exigncia demand
emergncia
xito success, effect, result, outcome,

Exit sada
triumph
Expert especialista, perito esperto smart, clever
20 ingls
extensivo
Exquisite refinado, requintado, seleto,

esquisito strange, weird, odd
belo, fino
Example:
There is an exquisite lampshade in the living

room.
(H uma abajur refinado na sala de estar.)

Fabric tecido fbrica plant, factory
Example:
The dressmaker measured off enough fabric

for a dress.
(A costureira mediu tecido suficiente para

um vestido.)

Fate destino fato fact, event, happening
Figure nmero figura picture
File arquivo fila line, queue
flagrante at the very moment / em

Flagrant espalhafatoso, escandaloso flagrante in the act, red-handed / pegar
em flagrante to take by surprise

Gem pedra preciosa, jia, prola gema (ovo) yolk

Genial afvel, aprazvel genial brilliant
Gentility fidalguia, nobreza gentileza kindness, niceness
Gracious benvolo, bondoso gracioso graceful
Grand grandioso, nobre, magnfico grande (tamanho, volume) big, large
Gratuity gratificao, gorjeta gratuito free
Grip segurar firme gripe influenza, flu

Gripe (noun) queixa, reclamao
Gripe (verb) reclamar continuamente
Example:
I have a gripe about the service here.
(Tenho uma queixa sobre o servio daqui.)
Hazard risco, perigo, arriscar, colocar em risco
Examples:
The commander was hazarding the health of his crew.
(O comandante estava colocando em risco a sade de sua azar bad luck
tripulao.)
Space travel is full of hazards.

(Viajar ao espao cheio de riscos.)
Hostage refm hspede guest
ingls 21
extensivo
Idioms expresses idiomticas idiomas - languages

Income tax return declarao de imposto income tax refund - devoluo do imposto
de renda de renda
ingenuidade - verdancy, greenness,
Ingenuity engenhosidade, criatividade
naivety, gullibility
Ingenious* hbil, engenhoso ingnuo - naive, ingenuous

Inhabitable habitvel inabitvel - uninhabitable
Example:
Venus is the second-most inhabitable planet in
our solar system.
(Vnus o segundo planeta mais habitvel do

nosso sistema solar.)
Injury ferimento injria - offense, insult
Inscription gravao em relevo (sobre

inscrio - registration, application
pedra, metal, etc.)
Intend pretender, tencionar entender - to understand
Intoxication embriaguez, efeito de drogas intoxicao - poisoning
*Cuidado para no confundir ingenious (hbil, engenhoso) com ingenuous, que tem o mesmo sentido da palavra
naive (ingnuo) em ingls. Muitos native speakers (falantes nativos) do preferncia para a palavra de origem
francesa naive quando querem se referir a algum ingnuo(a).
Jar - pote jarra - pitcher, jug
Jest zombaria, gracejo, brincadeira gesto - gesture
Journal - peridico, revista especializada

Example:
My doctor reads the medical journals.
jornal - newspaper
(Meu mdico costuma ler as revistas
especializadas da medicina.)

Lamp - luminria lmpada - light bulb

largo - broad, wide
Large - grande, espaoso, amplo
Example:
A man with a large family needs a large house.
(Um homem com uma famlia grande precisa

de uma casa espaosa.)
Lecture palestra, conferncia, aula
leitura - reading
expositiva
Legate embaixador, enviado legado - legacy
Legend lenda legenda - subtitles
Library biblioteca livraria - bookstore, bookshop
Limp - claudicao limpo - clean
22 ingls
extensivo
Liquor bebida alcolica em geral licor - liqueur
Location localizao locao - rental
Lunch almoo lanche - snack
Luxury luxo, suntuosidade luxria - lewdness, lasciviousness / lust
Magazine revista magazine (loja) - shop, store
Mayor prefeito maior - bigger
Mascara - rmel mscara - mscara
Mate - colega, companheiro matar - to kill
Medicine - remdio, medicamento medicina - medicine

miservel (avarento, sovina) - mean

Miserable - triste, muito indisposto, pssimo
Example: This cold makes me feel miserable.

(Esse resfriado faz eu me sentir pssimo.)
Moisture - umidade mistura - mix, mixture, blend
Motto - lema moto - motorcycle

Notice notar, perceber/ aviso, comunicao

notcia - news
Example: She noticed that someone was following her.
Notions - artigos de armarinho noo - notion, opinion, idea
Novel - romance novela - soap opera

Office escritrio, consultrio ofcio - trade, occupation

Example:
I rented an office in the new building.
(Aluguei um escritrio no prdio novo.)
Official - funcionrio, oficial (adj) oficial militar - officer

Oration discurso formal orao (reza) - prayer

ingls 23
extensivo
Parent pai ou me parente - relative
Particular - especfico, exato particular - personal, private
Pasta - massa (alimento) pasta - folder, briefcase
Patron - santo, padroeiro, patrocinador, fregus, cliente patro - employer, boss
Phrase expresso consagrada, dito, locuo

frase - sentence
(gramtica)
Physician mdico fsico - physicist
Pipe cano, cachimbo pipa - kite
Policy - norma, programa de ao, aplice (de seguro) polcia - police (plural noun)
Pork - carne de porco porco - pig
Port - porto porta - door
Prejudice - preconceito prejuzo - damage, loss

Presently - logo mais, dentro em breve, daqui a pouco
Example: The book will appear presently.
(Daqui a pouco o livro aparece.)
presentemente, atualmente - at
present, now, today
Preservative - conservante preservativo - condom
Pretend - fingir, fazer de conta pretender - to intend
Proper - apropriado, adequado, educado, decente;

prprio - own
propriamente dito
propiciar - to give, to provide, to

Propitiate aplacar, apaziguar, conciliar
afford
Pull - puxar pular - to jump
Push - empurrar puxar - to pull

Range - variar, cobrir

ranger (verb) - to creak, to grind
Ranger - guarda florestal
realizar - to carry out, to make

Realize - notar, perceber, compreender
come true, to accomplish
Recipient - recebedor, agraciado recipiente - container
24 ingls
extensivo
Reclaim recuperar
Example: A wallet has been found and can be
reclaimed at the managers office.
(Foi encontrada uma carteira, que pode ser recuperar
no escritrio do gerente.)
reclamar - to complain about, to
claim

Record - gravar, disco, gravao
recordar - to remember, to recall

Refrigerant - substncia refrigerante usada em
aparelhos refrigerante - soda, soft drink

Relapse recair, reincidir relapso (adj) - relapsing,
backsliding
Requirement - requisito
requerimento - petition

Resign demitir-se, renunciar resignar-se - to be resigned, to
adjust oneself to
Respite descanso, folga
respeito - respect
Resume - retomar, reiniciar, dar prosseguimento
Rsum - curriculum vitae, currculo resumir - to summarize, to sum up
Retired aposentado
retirado - removed, secluded
Rim borda
rim - kidney
Robbery assalto
roubo, furto - theft*

Scenario sinopse de filme ou pea cenrio (teatro, filme) - setting
Scholar pessoa erudita, versada escolar (adj) - school (of school)
Selvage ourela (de tecido), borda selvagem - savage, wild
Senior - idoso senhor - mister, sir
Sensible sensato sensvel - sensitive

Service - atendimento servio - job

Shoot - atirar (dar um tiro) chute - kick

Sort espcie, tipo sorte - fate, fortune, luck

Spectacles - culos espetculos - shows, concerts
estrangeiro - foreign(adj), foreigner

Stranger - desconhecido
(noun)
estpido (bruto) - coarse, rude,

Stupid - burro, ignorante
brute, ill-mannered
super(mercado) - supermarket,
Supper ceia, jantar
market
ingls 25
extensivo
suportar (tolerar) - to bear, to

Support - apoiar
stand
Syllabus contedo programtico slaba - syllable
Sympathetic - compreensivo, solidrio com os

simptico - nice
problemas e sentimentos do outro
Sympathize - compadecer-se,
mostrar-se compreensivo
Example: You must sympathize simpatizar - to feel an affection

with the widow. for, to take a liking to
(Voc deve se mostrar
compreensivo com a viva.)
Sympathy - compaixo, condolncia(s), simpatia - likeableness, liking,

solidariedade affection, affinity

Tax - imposto taxa - rate, fee
Tent - barraca, tenda tentar - to try
Toss - arremessar, arremesso, arremesso de

moeda para decidir algo.
tosse, tossir - cough, to cough
Example: bouquet toss
Trainer - preparador fsico treinador - coach
Turn - vez, volta, curva / virar, girar turno - shift, round
Tutor - professor particular tutor - curator, guardian

Ultimately - em ltima anlise ultimamente - letely, recently
Vegetables - verduras,
legumes vegetais - plants

Venture risco, acaso, ventura (felicidade) - happiness,
aventura** good luck
Vicious - defeituoso, impuro; perverso, mau, feroz

Examples: a vicious circle - crculo vicioso
vicious air - ar viciado, impuro viciado (em drogas) - addicted (ad-
a vicious temper - um tem- jective); addict (noun)
peramento explosivo, perverso
a vicious dog - um co feroz
26 ingls
extensivo
Vine - videira
vinho - wine
Voluble falante, loquaz volvel - fickle, shifty, inconstant

* Usa-se theft no sentido de furto: ato que acontece quando ningum v e no h violncia. Usa-se robbery
para assaltos em que h violncia e ameaas.
** A expresso joint venture, muito usada hoje em dia, significa uma aventura conjunta ou empreendimento
conjunto, geralmente de natureza comercial ou industrial, no qual duas pessoas (fsicas ou jurdicas) investem
recursos financeiros com a finalidade de auferir lucro.
ingls 27
28
Anotaes:
extensivo
ingls
Ingls
Fsica Mdulo 1
CAPTULO 3 - tips
A compreenso do texto dispensa a traduo palavra por palavra. O uso excessivo do dicionrio implica em
perda de tempo. necessrio o uso constante dr raciocnio para analisar, deduzir e concluir satisfatoriamente.
Sempre que voc for ler um texto instrumental, no caso um texto em lngua estrangeira, deve:
1 - No usar o dicionrio nesse primeiro momento.

2 - Atentar para a apresentao visual do texto.
3 Atentar para o ttulo do texto (traduza-o se for preciso, pois h sempre uma correlao entre ttulo e assunto
do texto)
4 Fazer um brainstorme do ttulo (todos os possveis assuntos que podem aparecer no texto), utilizando o seu
previous Knowledge (o que voc sabe sobre o assunto).
5 Fazer uma previso dos possveis assuntos a serem tratados no texto (prediction).
6 Ler o texto do comeo ao fim, partindo do geral para o especfico, atentando para:
6.1 as palavras transparentes (cognates words).
6.2 as palavras conhecidas (palavras que voc j sabe em ingls).
7 Inferir as palavras apenas pelos seus contextos, sem a ajuda de um dicionrio.
8 Depois de ter lido todo o texto, voc deve ler cada pargrafo novamente, atentando para o tpico frasal de
cada pargrafo.
9 Voc deve usar o dicionrio apenas para entender as palavras mais importantes de cada pargrafo.
Dependendo do objetivo da leitura, voc dever distinguir trs nveis de compreenso:

_ General comprehension: obtida atravs de uma leitura rpida para se captar as informaes genricas do
texto, ou seja, o que de maior relevncia para o texto.
_ Main points comprehension: A leitura dos pontos principais exige que nos detenhamos com maior ateno
na busca das informaes principais do texto, observando cada pargrafo para identificar os dados especficos
que mais interessam ao leitor.
_ Detailed comprehension: Este tipo de leitura mais profundo que os anteriores. Exige a compreenso dos
detalhes do texto e demanda, por isso, muito mais tempo. Deve ser cuidados, especialmente quando apli-
cada em instrues operacionais de equipamentos, experincias, etc... de modo que seu funcionamento seja
preciso e seguro.
Maior sucesso ter o leitor no estudo do texto se fizer uso de algumas estratgias de leitura, bem como todas
as dicas que o prprio texto proporciona. Conhea a seguir alguns desses elementos.
1 Skimming: Estratgia que consiste em lanar os olhos rapidamente sobre o texto, numa breve leitura para
captar o assunto geral apenas, se esse for o objetivo da leitura.
2 Scanning: uma estratgia de leitura no-linear em que o leitor busca objetivamente localizar as infor-
maes em que est interessado. Atravs do scanning o leitor objetivo e seletivo e nem sempre precisa ler
o texto todo.
Exemplo: a procura dos tipos de contgio da AIDS em um texto sobre doena.
3 Cognates: Muito comuns na lngua inglesa, os cognatos so termos de procedncia grega ou latina bastante
parecidos com o portugus tanto na forma escrita como no significado. Seria interessante o aluno notar que os
cognatos podem ser idnticos: radio, piano, hospital, nuclear, social, etc...
Bastante parecidos: gasoline, inflation. Intelligent, population, history, etc...

Vagamente parecidos: electricity, responsible, infalible, explain, activity, etc...
ingls 29
extensivo
4 - Repeated words: Quando certas palavras se repetem vrias vezes no texto, mesmo com formas diferentes
(exemplo socialismo, social, socialist, socialize...), normalmente so importantes para a compreenso. As palavras
repetidas aparecem especialmente na forma de verbos, substantivos e adjetivos e nem sempre so cognatas.
5 Typography: As marcas tipogrficas so elementos que, no texto, transmitem informaes nem sempre
representadas por palavras. Reconhece-las um auxlio bastante til leitura.
6 Key words: As palavras-chave so aquelas que esto mais de perto associadas especificamente ao assunto do
texto, podendo aparecer repetidas e algumas vezes na forma de sinnimos. A identificao das key words atraves
do skimming leva-nos a Ter uma viso geral do texto.
7 Prediction: a atividade pela qual o aluno levado a predizer, inferir o contedo de um texto atravs do ttulo
ou de outros elementos tipogrficos, como ilustraes, por exemplo. Sendo uma atividade do tipo pr-leitura, a
prediction contribui para estimular o interesse e a curiosidade do aluno pelo contedo de um texto que o tpico
sugere.
Quanto mais cultura geral (bacground knowlodge) tiver o leitor, mais fcil ser q sua prediction. Tomemos
como exemplo o ttulo ecologia. Um leitor com um conhecimento razovel poderia ordinariamente predizer sobre
o assunto listando palavras como: Meio-ambiente, Poluir, Desastroso, Poluentes, Matar, Devastao, Poluio, Flo-
restas tropicais, Animais em extino, Proteger, Protestos, Chuva cida, Produtos qumicos, Natureza, Reforestar,
Envenenar, Etc... Estas palavras poderiam at no fazer parte do texto, mas muito provvel que faam. Observe
agora o mesmo ttulo em ingls e avalie o grau de dificuldade comparado com aquele em portugus.
30 ingls
Ingls
Fsica Mdulo 1
CAPTULO 4 - extra material
PALAVRAS DE FUNO
about a respeito de, por volta de, sobre acima de
above acima de
after depois de, aps
against contra
along ao longo de
although embora
and e
any qualquer, algum
around por volta de

as como, enquanto
as long as enquanto
as soon as to logo
as well as bem como
at a, em, no na
away fora, afastado de, longe de
back atrs de, de volta
Before antes de, em frente a
because porque
bebind atrs de
between entre
beyond alm de
both ambos
but porm, mas
by por, perto de
by the time quando
ingls 31
extensivo
despite a despeito de
down para baixo,abaixo
due to devido a
either qualquer um de dois
either tambm no, tampouco
either/or um ou outro
enough suficiente
even if mesmo se
every time toda vez
except exceto
for para, por, durante, afim de
forward adiante
from de (procedncia)
if se
in em, dentro de
in case (that) no caso de
in order to a fim de
in spite of a despeito de
inasmuch as porque
inside dentro
into para dentro de
just as assim como,assim que
32 ingls
extensivo
like como, semelhante ao
near perto
neither nenhum de dois
nevertheless no obstante
next to ao lado de
Nonetheless no obstante
nor nem
of de
Off para desligar, para fora de
On sobre
on the other hand por outro lado
once uma vez
only if s se
opposite oposto
or Or
otherwise de outra forma
out fora, exterior
over sobre, por cima
provided that se
providing that se
rather than ao invs de
ingls 33
extensivo
since desde,porque
so para que, ento, portanto
so long as enquanto
the last time a ltima vez
the next time a prxima vez
therefore portanto
though embora
through atravs at
till at
to para, at a
to + verbo no infinitivo (ex: to work) trabalhar
towards em direo
twice duas vezes
U
under debaixo de
unless a menos que
until at
up para cima, acima
upon sobre, em cima
what o que
when quando
whenever quando quer que
where onde
whereas enquanto, por outro lado
whether or not quer sim.. quer no
which qual
34 ingls
extensivo
while enquanto
who quem
whom quem (objeto)
why por que
with com
within dentro de
without sem
yet ainda, assim, mas
VERBOS IRREGULARES
Base Past Past Portuguese

Form Tense Participle Translation

arise arose arisen surgir, erguer-se
awake awoke awoken despertar
be was, were been ser, estar

bear bore borne suportar, ser portador de
beat beat beaten bater
become became become tornar-se
befall befell befallen acontecer
beget begot begotten, begot procriar, gerar
begin began begun comear
behold beheld beheld contemplar
bend bent bent curvar
bet bet bet apostar
bid bid bid oferecer, fazer uma oferta
bind bound bound unir, obrigar-se
bite bit bitten morder
bleed bled bled sangrar, ter hemorragia
blow blew blown assoprar, explodir
break broke broken quebrar
breed bred bred procriar, reproduzir
bring brought brought trazer
broadcast broadcast broadcast irradiar, transmitir
build built built construir
buy bought bought comprar
cast cast cast atirar, deitar
catch caught caught pegar, capturar
choose chose chosen escolher
ingls 35
extensivo

cling clung clung aderir, segurar-se

come came come vir
cost cost cost custar
creep crept crept rastejar
cut cut cut cortar
deal dealt dealt negociar, tratar
dig dug dug cavocar
do did done fazer **
draw drew drawn tracionar, desenhar **
drink drank drunk beber
drive drove driven dirigir, ir de carro
eat ate eaten comer
fall fell fallen cair
feed fed fed alimentar
feel felt felt sentir, sentir-se
fight fought fought lutar
find found found achar, encontrar
flee fled fled fugir, escapar
fling flung flung arremessar
fly flew flown voar, pilotar
forbid forbade forbidden proibir
forget forgot forgot, forgotten esquecer
forgive forgave forgiven perdoar
freeze froze frozen congelar, paralisar
get got gotten, got obter **
give gave given dar
go went gone ir
grind ground ground moer
grow grew grown crescer, cultivar
have had had ter, beber, comer
hear heard heard ouvir
hide hid hidden, hid esconder
hit hit hit bater
hold held held segurar
hurt hurt hurt machucar
keep kept kept guardar, manter
know knew known saber, conhecer
lay laid laid pr na horizontal,
lead led led liderar
leave left left deixar, partir
lend lent lent dar emprestado
let let let deixar, alugar
lie lay lain deitar
lose lost lost perder, extraviar
make made made fazer, fabricar **
mean meant meant significar, querer dizer
meet met met encontrar, conhecer
36 ingls
extensivo

overcome overcame overcome superar

overtake overtook overtaken alcanar, surpreender
pay paid paid pagar
put put put colocar
quit quit quit abandonar
read read read ler
ride rode ridden andar
ring rang rung tocar (campainha, etc.)
rise rose risen subir, erguer-se
run ran run correr, concorrer, dirigir
saw sawed sawn serrar
say said said dizer
see saw seen ver
seek sought sought procurar obter, objetivar
sell sold sold vender
send sent sent mandar
set set set pr em condio, marcar **
shake shook shaken sacudir, tremer
shed shed shed soltar, deixar cair **
shine shone shone brilhar, reluzir
shoot shot shot atirar, alvejar
show showed shown mostrar, exibir
shrink shrank shrunk encolher, contrair
shut shut shut fechar, cerrar

sing sang sung cantar
sink sank sunk afundar, submergir
sit sat sat sentar
slay slew slain matar, assassinar
sleep slept slept dormir
slide slid slid deslizar, escorregar
sling slung slung atirar, arremessar
speak spoke spoken falar
spend spent spent gastar
spin spun spun fiar, rodopiar
spit spit, spat spit, spat cuspir
spread spread spread espalhar
spring sprang sprung fazer saltar
stand stood stood parar de p, agentar
steal stole stolen roubar
stick stuck stuck cravar, fincar, enfiar
sting stung stung picar (inseto)
stink stank stunk cheirar mal
strike struck struck golpear, desferir, atacar
string strung strung encordoar, amarrar
strive strove striven esforar-se, lutar
swear swore sworn jurar, prometer, assegurar
sweep swept swept varrer
ingls 37
extensivo

swim swam swum nadar

swing swung swung balanar, alternar
take took taken tomar **
teach taught taught ensinar, dar aula
tear tore torn rasgar, despedaar
tell told told contar
think thought thought pensar
throw threw thrown atirar, arremessar
tread trod trodden pisar, trilhar
undergo underwent undergone submeter-se a, suportar
understand understood understood entender
uphold upheld upheld sustentar, apoiar,
wear wore worn vestir, usar, gastar
win won won vencer, ganhar
wind wound wound enrolar, rodar, dar corda
write wrote written escrever, redigir
** verbos de significado mltiplo, que podem mudar consideravelmente de significado, conforme a frase em
que ocorrerem. Em maior ou menor grau, a maioria dos significados em portugus fornecidos acima servem ap-
enas como indicativo aproximado e provvel. O significado exato vai sempre depender do contexto em que ocor-
rerem os verbos.
Prefixes and sufixes
1. PREFIX: DIS (Indica negao des - .)
appoint (apontar) disappoint (desapontar)
agree (concordar) disagree (desconcordar)
advantage (vantagem) disadvantage (desvantagem)
count (contar) discount (descontar)
cover (cobrir) discover (descobrir)
honest (honesto) dishonest (deshonesto)
loyal (leal) disloyal (desleal)
obey (obedecer) disobey (desobedecer)
PREFIX: IM.IN (Indicam negao im, in.)
perfect (perfeito) imperfect (imperfeito)
permeable (permevel) impermeable (impermevel)
polite (polido) impolite (impolido)
adequade (adequado) inadequate (inadequado)
38 ingls
extensivo
evitable (evitvel) inevitable (inevitvel)
sane (so,sadio) insane (insano,demente)
sincere (sincero) insincere (insincero)
PREFIX: I (Indica negao - i - .)
limited (limitado) ilimited (ilimitado)
literate (letrado) illiterate (analfabeto)
mortal (mortal) immortal (imortal)
mutable (mutvel) immutable (imutvel)
regular (regular) irregular (irregular)
responsible (responsvel) irresponsible (irresponsvel)
reversible (reversvel) irreversible (irreversvel)
PREFIX (UN) = in, des (indica negao.)
able (capaz) unable (incapaz)
common (comum) uncommon (incomum)

happy (feliz) unhappy (infeliz)
done (feito) undone (desfeito)
fair (justo) unfair (injusto)
pleasant (agradvel) unpleasant (desagradvel)
comfortable (confortvel) uncomfortable (desconfortvel)
friendly (corts) unfriendly (descorts)
to chain (acorrentar) to unchain (desacorrentar)
to do (fazer) to undo (desfazer)
PREFIX (RE - ) (Indica fazer novamente.)
to read (ler) to reread (reler)
to write(escrever) to rewrite(escrever)
to wash (lavar) to rewash (lavar novamente)
to study (estudar) to restudy (estudar novamente)
to play (tocar) to replay (tocar novamente)
to photograph (fotografar) to rephotograph (fotografar novamente)
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PREFIX (OVER) = (Indica excesso.)
overgrow crescer demais
overgrowth crescimento excessivo
Overcop semear, em excesso
overbusy demasiado ocupado
overdose dose excessiva
overbuy comprar em demasia
Overfull superlotado, transbordante
oversuplly Superabundncia
overstore Armazenar em excesso
overhappy feliccssimo
2. SUFFIX (- TY) = DADE (Transforma um adjetivo em substantivo)
Adjetivo Substantivo
sincere (sincero) Sincerity (sinceridade)
proper (prprio) property (propriedade)
able (hbil) ability (habilidade)
real (real) reality (realidade)
cruel (cruel) cruelty (crueldade)
opportune (oportuno) opportunity (oportunidade)
curious (curioso) curiosity (curiosidade)
national (nacional) nationality (nacionalidade)
loyal (leal) loyalty (lealdade)
SUFFIX (LY) = MENTE (Transforma um adjetivo em advrbio de modo.)
Adjetivo Substantivo
glad (alegre) gladly (alegremente)
slow (lento) slowly (lentamente)
careful (cuidadoso) carefully (cuidadosamente)
easy (fcil) easily (facilmente)
true (verdadeiro) truly (verdadeiramente)
angry (raivosamente) angrily (raivosamente)
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CUIDADO!!!
harp (rduo) hard (arduamente)
fast (rpido) fast (rapidamente)
SUFFIXES (FUL) = cheio de e (LESS) indica falta, ausncia (transformam substantivo em adjetivo)
use (uso) useful = til useless = intil
cheer (alegre) cheerful = alegre cheerless = triste
care (cuidado) careful = cuidadoso careless = descuidado
voice (voz) voiceful = sonoro voiceless = silencioso, calado
pain (dor) painful = dolorido painless = sem dor (indolor)
harm (dano) hamful = prejudicial harmless = inofensivo
power (poder) powerful = poderoso powerless = ineficaz
SUFFIX NESS (Transforma adjetivos em substantivos abstratos.)
good (bom) goodness (bondade)
glad (alegre) gladness (alegria)
happy (feliz) happiness (felicidade)
sick (doente) sickness (doena)

ill (doente) illness (doena)
mad (louco) madness (loucura)
dark (escuro) darkness (escurido)
kind (bondoso) kindness (bondade)
weak (fraco) weakness (fraqueza)
stubbom (teimoso) stubborness (teimosia)
selfish (egosta) selfishness (egosmo)
SUFFIX Y (transforma substantivo em adjetivo.)

(-oso, ado)
rain (chuva) rainy (chuvoso)
cloud (nuvem) cloudy (nublado)
star (estrela) starry (estrelado)
fog (neblina) foggy (nebuloso)
ice (gelo) icy (gelado)
sun (sol) sunny (ensolarado)
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wind (vento) windy (ventoso)
greed (ambio) greedy (ambicioso)
sand (areia) sandy (arenoso)
water (gua) watery (quoso)
snow (neve) snowy (nevado)
blood (sangue) bloody(ensangentado)
noise (rudo) noisy (ruidoso)
SUFFIXES: - ER, -OR, -AR (Indicam a pessoa ou coisa que faz a ao do verbo.)
to teach (ensinar) teacher (professor)
to hunt (caar) hunter (caador)
to drive (dirigir) driver (motorista)
to dive (mergulhar) diver (mergulhador)
to sail (navegar) sailor (marinheiro)
to visit (visitar) visitor (visitante)
to lie (mentir) liar (mentiroso)
to beg (mendigar) beggar (mendigo), implorar
SUFFIX EN (Transforma adjetivo em verbo.)
bright (claro) to brighten (claro)
dark (escuro) to darken (escuro)
weak (fraco) to waken (fraco)
loose (frouxo) to loosen (afrouxar)
sick (doente) to sicken (ficar doente)
fast (apertado,fixo) to fasten (apertar,fixar)
tight (apertado,esticado) to tighten (apertar,esticar)
soft (mole,suave) to soften (amolecer,suavizar)
SUFFIX ESS (Forma o feminino de algumas palavras.)
actor (ator) actress (atriz)
god (Deus) goddess (Deusa)
prince (prncipe) princess (princesa)
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duke (duque) duchess (duquesa)
emperor (imperador) empress (imperatriz)
host (anfitrio) hostess (anfitri)
waiter (garon) waitress (garonete)
tiger (tigre) tigress (tigresa)
lion (leo) lioness (leoa)
mister (senhor) mistress (senhora)
master (mestre) mistress (mestra)
jew (judeu) jewess (judia)
wizard (feiticeiro) - witch (bruxa)
son (filho) - daughter (filha)
son-in-law (genro) - daughter -in-law (nora)
godfather (padrinho) - godmother (madrinha)
stepfather (padrasto) - stepmother (madrasta)
stepson (enteado) - stepdaughter
godson (afilhado) goddaugther (afilhada)

Substantivos Pessoais Comuns
Certos substantivos podem ser usados tanto para o masculino como para o feminino
artist - artista
fool - tolo(a), bobo(a)
musician - msico
servant - servo
foreigner - estrangeiro
neighbor - vizinho(a)
speaker - orador(a)
cook - cozinheiro(a)
friend - amigo(a)
student - estudante
criminal - criminoso(a)
guest - convidado(a), hspede
writer - escritor(a)
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doctor - doutor(a)
teacher - professor(a)
SUFFIX OUS (Transforma substantivo em adjetivo.)
Danger (perigo) - dangerous (perigoso)
Courage (coragem) - courageous (corajoso)
Fame (fama) - famous (famoso)
Humor (humor) - humorous (humoroso)
Malice (malcia) - malicious (malicioso)
Palavras que possuem letras no pronunciadas (mudas) = silent letters
aisle (s) = corredor

bomb (b) = bomba
often (t) = freqentemente
climb (b) = escalar
listen (t) = escutar
castle (t) = castelo
calm (l) = calmo
comb (b) = pente
half (l) = meio
thumb (b) = polegar
dumb (b) = mudo
calf (f) = bezerro
tomb (b) = tmulo
walk (l) = andar
knife (k) = faca
Knight (k) cavaleiro
Knee (k) = joelho
Know (k) = saber (verbo)
Know-how (k) = experincia
Knowledge (k) = conhecimento
Knit (k) = tricotar
Knob (k) = maaneta, calombo
44 ingls
Ingls
Fsica Mdulo 1
CAPTULO 5 - TEXT COMPREHENSION
UFMG 2009
INSTRUCTIONS: Read the texts carefully and then choose the alternative which best completes the state-
ment in each question.
TEXT 1 Questions from 01 to 04
Promoting a Global Dialogue on Water
Water scarcity has been surfacing more and more as a serious

global issue in recent years. That scarcity has caused significant
business disruptions across all sectors and geographies, and with
all the associated technical, economic, political, environmental
05 and social implications. This reality is projected to worsen in the
future, as a result of climate change and demographics.
The UN Human Development Report 2006 stresses this
critical issue: Better access to water and sanitation would act as
the catalyst for a giant advance in human development, creating
10 opportunities for gains in public health, education and economic
growth. Experience from the climate change debate has shown
that translating awareness to specific action takes many years.
There is a major challenge in catalysing effective action on

a global level. Governments play an important role in helping to
15 mitigate and adapt to the challenge, but so does the private sector,
through individual company actions and through innovative
public-private partnerships.
Such partnerships can offer a useful solution. Since late 2005,
the Forums Water Initiative has focused on creating networks
20 in South Africa and India. The objective has been to catalyze
ideas for public-private water infrastructure projects and shape
them into well-developed, bankable project propositions, and
financing plans.
http://www.weforum.org/en/initiatives/water/GlobalDialogue/index.htm
Access: july, 2008. (Adapted)
Question 01
According to the text, we CANNOT say that water scarcity, worldwide,
A) has affected businesses.

B) has been debated lately.
C) has improved the climate.
D) has had social implications.
Question 02
The word does (line 15) can be best interpreted as
A) catalyzes effective action.

B) challenges the adaptation.
C) innovates partnerships.
D) plays an important role.
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Question 03
The organization of this text is in the form of
A) arguments for and against.

B) hyphotesis and proof.
C) problem and solution.
D) sequence of descriptions.
Question 04
We can say that the text argues in favor of
A) adaptation.
B) financing.
C) opportunities.
D) partnerships.
TEXT 2 Questions from 05 to 08
Salt
What substance is essential to life but can damage your health

if taken in excess? What has been used as money and has been
the cause of bitter warfare? What is so important to our culture
that references to it abound in every language around the globe?
05 Nothing less than salt - that white granular seasoning found on
virtually every dining table.
Although current nutritional advice warns against consuming
too much salt, without it we would die. In addition, salt is one
of the most effective and widely used food preservatives and its
10 industrial uses are innumerable. Indeed, salt is vitally important to
agriculture, snow and ice control, water conditioning, the chemical
industry, metals production - to name just a few!
Salt has a fascinating history and references to it are common
since writing began. Some 2,700 years BC the Peng-Tzao-Kan-Mu
15 was published in China. This is probably the earliest known treatise
on pharmacology. A major portion of this writing is devoted to
a discussion of more than 40 kinds of salt. The treatise includes
descriptions of two methods of extracting salt and adapting it to a
usable form. The ancient Chinese methods for obtaining salt are
20 amazingly similar to processes still in use today.
Salt has also been of crucial economic importance. In some
parts of the world, salt was minted into coins and deemed to be as
valuable as gold. The ancient Greeks traded salt for slaves, giving
rise to the phrase not worth his salt to describe someone who
25 is lazy or does not work hard. The beautiful Italian city of Venice
was built on revenue from the salt trade. Roman soldiers were
partially paid in the mineral known as salarium argentum, out
of which comes the common English word salary. References
to salt abound in languages around the globe, especially where
30 salt is important to food. From the Latin sal, for example, come
such words for preserved foods as sauce and sausage.
Costin, Helen. Modern English Digest, 2005. v. 3, p. 8-11. (Adapted)
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QUESTION 05
According to the text, we canot say that
A) all countries distribute salt.

B) salt is an economic resource.
C) there are many types of salt.
D) we do not survive without salt.
QUESTION 06
From the text, we can infer that salt
A) has become a reference in cooking.

B) has been found to be unlimited.
C) has debatable physiological action.
D) has influenced social practices.
QUESTION 07
According to the text, the process to obtain salt has been
A) mistakenly adapted from old medicine.

B) nearly the same for thousands of years.
C) sometimes described in literary texts.
D) strictly related to agricultural strategies.
QUESTION 08
According to the text, the word deemed (line 22) means nearly the same as
A) considered.
B) imagined.
C) neglected.
D) pretended.
GABARITO
01 C
02 D
03 C
04 D
05 A
06 D
07 B
08 A
UFES 2009
Brazil: The Giant Down South
If Barack Obama came to visit Brazil and he should we would impress him
with our bigness in everything. We might even cause him to ponder just what all this
bigness and ambition means for the United States.
If Obama came, we would show him not just a good time, but a great time. He
could join the biggest party on earth (Carnaval) or go to the biggest football stadium
in the world (Maracan) to watch the biggest, or at least the winningest, national
team in action. We would awe Obama with our geography. Were bi-hemispherical,
ingls 47
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crossed by the equator on top and laying our feet near the South Pole. We can sweat and freeze at the same
time. We occupy more than half of South America, we have the biggest river and the biggest iron-ore reserves
on earth, and might just become one of the worlds leading exporters of oil in the not-so-distant future. And if
that doesnt work or if our oil runs out we will surely become the leading producer of biofuel. Our reputation
for ethnic harmony is a bit undeserved but, still, ours is the biggest experiment in racial integration and misce-
genation in history. We have a big, leftist (more or less) government but also a capitalist economy and are on
the way to developing a big popular consumer market for our own products and for imports. We also have the
widest spread between rich and poor in the world, however, along with the ugliest shantytowns and probably the
worst corruption scandals. When not having fun or being awed, Obama would have much to think about. He may
see us as a semitropical China, a giant stretching its limbs and demanding attention but a different kind of
attention than it got in the past. He may notice that we have Americanized, or McDonaldized, to a high degree,
but notice, too, a sense in the land that its time our bigness started to pay off and deliver on the future it prom-
ised. This might mean standing up like a giant in defiance of old attitudes and submissions. Obama might view
moderate Brazil as a good ally against the radical populists popping up throughout the continent in the wake of
failed neoliberal economics, or he may see us as an emerging geopolitical threat. There are people in Brazil who
are sure that the United States is redeploying the Fourth Fleet to the South Atlantic just to show us whos really
big. We have big ambitions but big paranoia, too.
(Verssimo, Luis Fernando. Newsweek, 28-07-2008.)
QUESTO 01
Se viesse ao Brasil, Barack Obama
A) aprenderia a jogar futebol.

B) deveria tambm visitar o Equador.
C) no se entusiasmaria com o nosso Carnaval.
D) se impressionaria com a grandeza do pas.
E) sofreria com as variaes de temperatura.
QUESTO 02
Uma das contradies do Brasil ser um pas capitalista com
A) capital reduzido.
B) governo esquerdista.
C) idias conflitantes.
D) muitos analfabetos.
E) poucas dvidas.
QUESTO 03
Terra de muitas promessas, o Brasil, entretanto, tambm
A) alvo de aes do trfico de drogas.

B) campo frtil para contrabando.
C) cenrio de violncia urbana.
D) palco de escndalos de corrupo.
E) paraso de sonegao fiscal.
QUESTO 04
Se visitasse o Brasil, Barack Obama perceberia que, em relao ao passado, o pas est mais
A) americanizado.
B) endividado.
C) favelizado.
D) feio.
E) isolado.
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QUESTO 05
O ttulo do texto faz meno ao ___________ e ____________ do Brasil.
A) analfabetismo / economia.
B) clima / beleza.
C) relevo / diversidade.
D) povo / pobreza.
E) tamanho / localizao.
GABARITO
01 D
02 B
03 D
04 A
05 E
UFOP 2009-1
Questes de 01 a 07
Read the text carefully and answer the questions according to it.
Denmark worlds happiest nation
Denmark is the happiest country in the world, according to the latest World Values Survey pub-
lished by the United States National Science Foundation.
The annual study surveyed people in 97 countries to discover who is happiest.
The survey asked people two simple questions about their happiness and their level of satisfaction with life.
Puerto Rico and Colombia completed the top three happiest nations. Zimbabwe was found to be the least
happy, with Russia and Iraq also in the bottom 10.
The study was directed by University of Michigan professor Ronal Inglehart. He says that unlike other studies,
which have focused on economic factors, his research has found that financial prosperity is not the only reason for
happiness.
Our research indicates prosperity is linked with happiness. It does contribute, he says, but it is not the most
important factor.
Personal freedom is even more important, and its freedom in all kinds of ways. Political freedom, like with
democracy and freedom of choice.
A happier world
The world is becoming a happier place overall, according to the survey, which has been conducted since 1981.
Dr Inglehart says that gender equality is also an indicator of happiness, as is rising social tolerance. He says
that both of these things have risen dramatically in recent years.
The worlds wealthiest nation, the United States, was found to be the worlds 16th happiest country, behind
Switzerland, Canada and Sweden.
ingls 49
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The study also found that the countries at the bottom of the list all struggle with widespread poverty or au-
thoritarian governments.
Zimbabwe, which is gripped by hyperinflation and has recently seen a controversial presidential election
marred by violence, was found to be the least happy nation amongst the countries covered by the survey.
(Disponvel em: http://news.bbc.co.uk/go/pr/fr/-/2/hi/in_depth/7487143.stm. Acesso em: 04 set. 2008)
01. Choose the alternative that completes the following statement.

One of the reasons that make the __________ people the happiest in the world is their __________.
A) American authoritarian government

B) Danish economic prosperity
C) Canadian social importance
D) Puerto Rican cultural level
02. The ranking of the U.S.A. in the results of the survey indicates that:
A) the U.S.A. is a happier country than Sweden is.

B) Canada is not as happy as the United States is.
C) economic wealth alone does not determine happiness.
D) freedom of speech is the only guarantee of happiness.
03. The correct statement is:
A) Over a hundred different countries participated in this research.

B) Canada is among the top ten happiest countries in the world.
C) This research on happiness was developed in Denmark.
D) Zimbabwe is among the unhappiest countries of the study.
04. Complete the statement with one of the alternatives.
Different kinds of freedom are _________ economic prosperity for people to be happy.
A) as influential as
B) less influential than
C) more influential than
D) not to be compared with
05. Which factor is a reason for happiness?
A) equality
B) love
C) poverty
D) violence
06. The World Values Survey has been conducted for:
A) almost 20 years.
B) about 27 years.
C) less than 20 years.
D) more than 40 years.
07. Brazil ranks among:
A) the countries not mentioned.

B) the bottom three countries.
50 ingls
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C) the top three countries.

D) the countries in between.
GABARITO
01 B
02 C
03 D
04 C
05 A
06 B
07 A
UFVJM 2009-1
Instructions: Read the text carefully and then choose the alternative which correctly completes the following
statements.
Text 1 . Questions 1, 2, 3 and 4.
Last Updated: Tuesday August 05200814
Rubbish new way to power cars

01 Cars are expensive to run and bad for the environment, but some scientists
think they can change all that by using RUBBISH to power them.
They.ve found a way to turn some of the stuff we throw away into something
called bio-ethanol, which can be mixed in with petrol and used in cars.
05 The scientists say it.s a more environmentally friendly way of getting about,
and helps get rid of rubbish.
They think a million tonnes of rubbish could run more than a million cars.
For the last 15 years they.ve been experimenting with turning bio-degradable
rubbish - like paper and vegetable waste - into fuel.
10 They.ve found a way of doing it by heating it up to a really high temperature.
ingls 51
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The gases that are released are mixed

in with bacteria, or bugs, which turn the
rubbish into bio-ethanol.
In countries like Brazil, lots of cars
15 already run on bio-ethanol, but that.s
made using plants grown in fields.
John McNally, from a company called
Ineos which is making the fuel, said
using rubbish is a better idea, because
20 then the crops can be kept for food.
He said the bio-ethanol gives off 90% less greenhouse gasses than petrol, and helps get rid of waste.
Access: 21st August, 2008. http://news.bbc.co.uk/cbbcnews/hi/newsid_7540000/newsid_7543500/7543588.stm
Question 01
In this report the author.s main purpose is to
a) convince people that bio-ethanol is inappropriate to use.

b) advise people to use bio-ethanol made from sugar-cane.
c) inform people that rubbish can be used as car fuel.
d) suggest people to buy cars which use bio-ethanol fuel.
Question 02
The word .stuff. on line 3 refers to
a) bio-ethanol.
b) rubbish.
c) petrol.
d) gas supplies.
Question 03
To produce bio-ethanol with rubbish, scientists use
a) any kind of waste.

b) only plastic and aluminum.
c) plants grown in fields.
d) paper and vegetable waste.
Question 04
In some countries, especially in Brazil, people have been already making bio-ethanol using
a) crops.
b) rubbish.
c) paper and vegetable waste.
d) bacteria or bugs.
TEXT 2 . Questions 5, 6 and 7.

Last Updated: Friday August 15 2008 14:38 GMT
Mars robots put to the test
52 ingls
extensivo
01 Two new robots are being put through their paces to see if they.re up to the
job of being blasted into space to find out if there really is life on Mars.
Nicknamed Bruno and Bradley, the robots are the latest test models for a
European rover that.s expected to land on the red planet in seven year.s
05 time.
Engineers say the six-wheeled robots created for the ExoMars mission are
the toughest ever built.
It.s thought they.ll be able to go where no other rover has gone before.
Each robot can turn all six wheels, move sideways like a crab and even
10 tackle really steep or slippery slopes.
They do it by anchoring themselves with five of their wheels and then inching
each wheel forward one at a time to crawl over obstacles.
Access: 21st August, 2008

http://news.bbc.co.uk/cbbcnews/hi/newsid_7560000/newsid_7563400/7563477.stm
Grossary:
Rover: viagem Tackle: enfrentar Steep: ingreme Slippery: escorregadio

Slopes: ladeiras Anchor: ancorar Inch: mover Crawl: mover
Question 05
The expression .put through their paces. (line 1) means
a) built.
b) tested.
c) fixed.
d) measured.
Question 06
According to the text, the new robots will be up to all these jobs, EXCEPT
a) dealing with problems of smooth or sharply sloping surfaces.

b) moving sidewalks like a kind of animal.
c) crawling over obstacles without any help.
d) blasting into open space by themselves.
Question 07
According to the engineers who created the robots they are the toughest ever built. They mean theses robots
are
a) the latest test models created for an European mission.

b) the test models that will land on Mars in seven year.s time.
c) the strongest and most difficult to damage robots already created.
d) the only robots that will find out if there really is life on Mars.
GABARITO
01 C
02 B
03 D
04 A
05 B
06 D
07 C
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UFTM 2009
Leia o texto para responder s questes de nmeros 01 a 05.
The current effort on the part of physicists to resolve the contradictions between quantum mechanics
and Einsteins general theory of relativity is not, for most people, something that would spring to mind as a
promising subject for a ballet. But it is the subject of Karole Armitages new work, inspired by the physicist
Brian Greenes popular book (and PBS TV series) The Elegant Universe, and, come to think of it, Armitages
fireand-ice style is a good fit for these awesome matters. Her piece, a collaboration with the composer Lukas
Ligeti, will be given a preview this weekend at the Guggenheim Museum, as part of its Works & Process
series. On Saturday, Greene and on Friday, his colleague Jim Gates will be on hand to tell us about cut-
tingedge trends in physics. If you flunked in college, heres your chance. After the show, you can meet the
participants, and have free sandwiches, at a reception in the museums rotunda, which itself looks like some-
thing out of theoretical physics.
(Joan Acocella The New Yorker, June 2, 2008)
01. Segundo o texto, Karole Armitage
(A) esforou-se muito para assimilar as contradies da Fsica.

(B) inspirou Brian Greene a escrever The Elegant Universe.
(C) compara a mecnica quntica com a teoria da relatividade em sua obra.
(D) e Lukas Ligeti apresentaro a srie de televiso denominada PBS.
(E) incorpora a Fsica ao seu novo trabalho no Museu Guggenheim.
02. Ainda de acordo com o texto, Greene e Jim Gates
(A) falaro sobre as ltimas tendncias da Fsica no Guggenheim.

(B) participam da apresentao de Lucas Ligeti no Guggenheim.
(C) fizeram um trabalho contraditrio sobre a srie Works & Process.
(D) oferecero uma recepo aps o lanamento da srie Works & Process.
(E) revisam princpios da Fsica para alunos reprovados nessa disciplina.
03. The Elegant Universe
(A) uma gravura desenhada para uma capa de livro.

(B) o ttulo da nova exposio no Guggenheim.
(C) uma criao artstica de Karole Armitage.
(D) um livro de autoria do fsico Brian Greene.
(E) a mais recente composio de Lukas Ligeti.
04. A expresso come to think of it , na linha 7 do texto, significa
(A) para concluir.

(B) pensando bem.
(C) a seguir.
(D) sem cogitar.
(E) repetindo.
05. its , na linha 10 do texto, refere-se a
(A) a preview.
(B) TV series.
(C) Works & Process.
(D) Guggenheim Museum.
(E) a collaboration.
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extensivo
Para responder s questes de nmeros 06 a 09, leia o seguinte texto.
Big-state, social-democratic Sweden seems an odd place to look for a free-market revolution. Yet that is what
is under way in the countrys schools. Reforms that came into force in 1994 allow pretty much anyone who satisfies
basic standards to open a new school and take in children at the states expense. The local municipality must pay
the school what it would have spent educating each child itself a sum of 48,000-70,000 kronor ($8,000-12,000)
a year, depending on the childs age and the schools location. Children must be admitted on a first-come, first-
served basis there must be no religious requirements or entrance exams. Nothing extra can be charged for, but
making a profit is fine.
() In just 14 years the share of Swedish children educated privately has risen from a fraction of a percent to
more than 10%.
(The Economist, June 14th-20th, 2008, p.83)
06. O texto afirma que as reformas
(A) deixaram margem a dvidas.

(B) obedeceram lei de 1994.
(C) entraram em vigor em 1994.
(D) atenderam s necessidades das crianas.
(E) promoveram melhorias no ensino.
07. O texto diz ainda que
(A) os municpios deixaram de ter gastos com a educao.

(B) as reformas permitiram iniciativa privada abrir escolas.
(C) o estado est economizando entre 8 e 12 mil dlares por criana.
(D) a Sucia um lugar imprprio para a aplicao de regras rgidas de mercado.
(E) o custo da educao de uma criana depende do tipo de ensino oferecido.
08. Conforme o texto, com relao admisso dos alunos,
(A) leva-se em conta o local em que o aluno reside.

(B) os maiores de 14 anos no so aceitos.
(C) ningum paga a taxa de matrcula.
(D) as vagas so preenchidas por ordem de chegada.
(E) considera-se a classificao no exame de seleo.
09. Nas linhas 2 e 3 do texto, a frase Yet that is what is under way in the countrys schools significa:
(A) no entanto, isso que est em andamento nas escolas do pas.

(B) ainda bem que o que est para ocorrer nas escolas do pas.
(C) assim o que se v no caminho das escolas do pas.
(D) portanto, o que faz o desempenho das escolas do pas.
(E) nesse sentido, esse o modo como as escolas do pas so.
GABARITO
01 E
02 A
03 D
04 B
05 D
06 C
07 B
08 D
09 A
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UNIFAL 2009-1
Looking for that first job
1 Question: I am a fifteen-year-old high school student

2 about to go into my sophomore year of high school. I
3 have not been able to acquire any work experience
4 whatsoever, ironically because I dont have any work
5 experience! What is a good way for me to find a first
6 job?
7 Answer: Good for you to be proactive with your job
8 search and income earning at a young age. You are
9 right, it is tough to get experience when employers
10 are usually able to find people with experience. What
11 you are facing is what most of us experienced in our
12 early job searches, and with persistence we
13 eventually landed our first jobs. Unless you have
14 family connections to a business where you can gain
15 some experience, looking for work starts with
16 creating a plan and getting prepared. Utilizing all
17 available resources will be very helpful.
18 Many employers are prepared to hire people that
19 have no previous experience for their entry-level
20 positions. However, you will find there is still
21 competition for these roles and you will need to be
22 able to convince an employer you are the best
23 candidate for the position.
24 You will need a polished resume and cover letter that
25 indicates your strengths and suitability for a
26 position. Resumes and cover letters are an essential
27 part of your job-hunting tool kit. They are the most
28 common instruments job seekers use to get their
29 foot in the door.
30 Early in your search you will need to determine the
31 type of position you would like and then what the
32 best entry position might be to help you get there.
33 With this information your next step is to look at
34 companies that you would be interested in working
35 for that have these types of entry-level positions.
36 Many jobs are not advertised. You can tap into this
37 hidden job market by networking,
38 knocking on doors, seeking out free employment
39 programs and services, searching on the internet,
40 attending job fairs, and marketing yourself.
41 Follow-up is an important element of every job
42 search strategy. Re-connecting with a potential
43 employer by mail or phone can be very effective.
44 If you are interested in offering a service
45 babysitting, yard-work, painting, etc. - you could
46 make up a flyer and deliver it around your
47 community. It may not be long-term work but it does
48 help you start to build your experience and can
49 provide potential references for you.
Excerto de http://working.canada.com/resources/story.html?id=e67a7d14-32 d7-439c-9d20-9e0e82c02518 Acesso em 23/10/2008.
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1 Assinale a alternativa correta de acordo com o texto.
a) tough (line 9) means the same as hard.

b) eventually (line 13) has the same meaning as occasionally.
c) best (line 22) establishes an equality.
d) hidden (line 37) expresses a verb form.
e) long-term work (line 47) means working from 9:00am to 5:00pm.
2 No trecho However, you will find... (line 20), o termo grifado pode ser substitudo por
a) therefore.
b) provided that.
c) in spite of.
d) unless.
e) but.
a) Employers can find experient people to hire.

b) Candidates for entry-positions are often high school students.
c) Part of job search strategy is to let potential employers to know your weaknesses.
d) It is easier to find a job in your own community.
e) Employers demand high qualifications for the position offered.
4 O termo job search (lines 7-8) tem o mesmo sentido que
a) find a first job (lines 5-6).

b) landed our first jobs (line 13)
c) job-hunting (line 27).
d) re-connecting with a potencial employer (lines 42-43).

e) offering a service (line 44).
5 O fragmento Unless you have family connections to a business where you can gain some experience,
looking for work starts with creating a plan and getting prepared. (lines 13-16) apresenta a idia de
que
a) necessrio que voc tenha parentes envolvidos em seu primeiro trabalho para ter sucesso.
b) necessrio criar um plano de visitao s indstrias.
c) a procura pelo primeiro trabalho envolve a elaborao de um planejamento e preparar-se para o mesmo.
d) voc pode adquirir experincia mesmo antes do incio do curso superior.
e) as empresas familiares geralmente no admitem que parentes sejam contratados.
6 De acordo com o texto, assinale a alternativa que apresenta o que preciso fazer para encontrar um
emprego.
a) Publish an advertisement in a newspaper.

b) Use all possible resources to go into the job market.
c) Choose the right kind of work you would like to do.
d) Be polite with people who have connections with you as a desirable attitude.
e) Convince employers of big companies to give you a job.
7 De acordo com as informaes do texto, assinale a alternativa correta. Most young people
a) must look for a job.

b) face difficulties in acquiring work experience.
c) should look for a job in the business area.
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d) want to start working and earn money.

e) need to be able to change the line of events.
a) It is unnecessary to have a resume if you do not have formal working experience.

b) Position offered for a first job is usually badly paid.
c) Jobs are offered through employment agencies.
d) There are opportunities for entry level positions, although there is competition.
e) Independent of what company is offering the job, you should apply for it.
GABARITO
01 A
02 E
03 A
04 C
05 C
06 B
07 B
08 D
UFOP 2009-2
Read the text carefully. Then choose the correct alternative for each question.
Teens Online Safety Improved by Education, Research Shows
by Dian Schaffhauser
New research shows that teens online safety is improved by education.

Researchers from the University at Buffalo and University of Maryland surveyed 285
preteens and early teenagers, both male and female, to determine how important they
thought it was to protect their privacy online and whether those beliefs affected what
05 actions they took to protect that privacy.
Students were asked whether they protected their personal information on the
Internet, whether they opened e-mails from unknown senders, and whether they
downloaded files from unknown people or Web sites.
The researchers found that preteens and early teenagers who were educated
10 on the importance of Internet privacy through school, parents, or the media were more
likely to practice online safety than those who werent. Among teachers, peers, and
parents, parents were the most influential in delivering that education, according to
respondents.
A surprising result of the study was that experiencing a privacy breach online
15 didnt cause teens to improve their online safety practices, according to one of the
researchers, H.R. Rao, professor of management science and systems in Buffalos School
of Management.
Students who experience Internet privacy breaches or computer security
problems show less protective behavior on the Internet, said Rao. This increases the
20 chances that they will be victims again in the future.
The study also showed that girls tend to practice more protective behavior on
the Web than boys. The researchers said they believe this is because girls consider
online privacy more important than boys do.
The study was supported by a National Science Foundation grant.
(In: http://www.thejournal.com/articles/23646. Access on: March 12, 2009)
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01. To protect your privacy on the internet, you should:
A) open e-mails from unknown senders and advertisements.

B) know the source of the e-mails and files you receive.
C) avoid anti-virus protection and safety instructions.
D) download any kind of files and general pictures.
02. In terms of Internet privacy education, the research shows that students are more likely to be influenced by their:
A) teachers.
B) brothers.
C) parents.
D) peers.
03. Mark the option that is not correct in terms of grammatical and meaning construction.
A) Research on education shows signs of improvement on teens online safety.

B) Online safety of teens was shown improvement by education of research.
C) According to specific research, teens online safety is improved by education.
D) Research shows that teens online safety has been improved by education.
04. Researchers from the University at Buffalo and University of Maryland surveyed 285 preteens and early teen-
agers [] (lines 02-03). The word underlined in the sentence above means:
A) interviewed.
B) pointed.
C) mentioned.
D) looked at.
05. Mark each statement with T (True) or F (False).

( ) Students who have experienced safety problems on the Internet are now more worried about online protection.
( ) Researchers found out that preteens and early teenagers who have received information on the importance of
Internet privacy are more concerned with online safety practices.
( ) Girls are less likely to protect themselves on the Internet than boys are.
The correct sequence is:
A) T F F
B) T F T
C) F T F
D) T T F
06. The research shows that educated students tend to:
A) open e-mails from known senders, protect their personal information on the Internet and download files from
strangers as well as unknown Web sites.
B) download files from people and Web sites they know, open e-mails from known senders and protect their per-
sonal information on the Internet.
C) protect their personal information on the Internet, download files from unknown people or Web sites and open
e-mails from unknown senders.
D) run risks on the Internet, only download files from family members and open emails from friends.
07. The research was financed by:
A) the University at Buffalo.

B) the scientists themselves.
C) the University of Maryland.
D) the National Science Foundation.
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GABARITO
01 B
02 C
03 B
04 A
05 C
06 B
07 D
UFV 2009
Global Food Crisis
1 If youve been shopping for food lately, I dont have to tell you that prices are going through the roof. In
2 some cases world prices have more than tripled in recent months, going from, in December, a price of $300
3 a ton to just this week over $1,000 a ton.
4 Robert Zeigler of the International Rice Research Institute is talking about rice, a basic staple food across
5 Asia, of course. Prices surged dramatically after China, Vietnam, and India limited exports to ensure they
6 had enough supplies for their own people. Other food products have also seen alarming increases.
7 The U.N.s Food and Agriculture Organization, the FAO, says wheat prices have doubled in Senegal.
8 Bread prices doubled in Tajikistan. The cost of corn in Uganda rose 65 percent in just six months. One
9 reason: farmers are passing on their higher costs, particularly the rising cost of energy. Fertilizers become
10 more and more unaffordable for the small farmers, who are at the center of a response to the world food
11 crisis, notes Joachim von Braun, who heads the International Food Policy Research Institute in
12 Washington. And transport costs have become higher and higher, so the cost side of agriculture will keep
13 food prices high, even if we make major efforts to increase production.
14 Other reasons for the run-up in prices include natural causes like drought and pest outbreaks and
15 speculation in the commodities market.
16 And as world oil prices hover around $120 a barrel, more food crops are ending up in fuel tanks. In the
17 United States, about one-quarter of the corn crop is now being used to make ethanol, which is blended with
18 gasoline to make a motor fuel. Soybean farmers are switching to corn, which drives up soy prices, and so
19 on.
20 Rising living standards also play a role. Particularly in India and China, where hundreds of millions of
21 people are having access to the middle class, more people are buying more food higher up the food chain,
22 says Carlos Ser of the International Livestock Research Institute in Nairobi.
23 We know that consumers, when they move, lets say, from $2 to $10 a day per capita, they largely
24 expand the consumption of vegetables, oils, and animal products. This is happening in big countries around
25 the world. This has a big impact.
26 But in many cases the poorest of the poor are paying the price for the good fortune of the emerging
27 middle class.
28 Analysts like Robert Zeigler of the Rice Research Institute are starting to assess the damage. Now what
29 are the consequences of this? Well, there are some estimates that say that if present trends continue for
30 very long, we can expect 100 million people to be pushed back into poverty. And Joachim von Braun of the
31 Food Policy Research Institute says that higher food prices today can cause long-term damage as people
32 change their eating habits.
33 The high food prices lead poor people to limit their food consumption and shift to even less balanced
34 diets with harmful effects on health in the short and long run. The child who is not appropriately nourished
35 under the age of three for a couple of months will be harmed for the rest of its life.
36 The three experts spoke in a telephone conference organized by the International Agricultural Research
37 Group, whose research centers have some 8,000 scientists working on food issues.
(Adapted from http://www.voanews.com/english/Science/2008-05-09-voa21.cfm. Retrieved on May 13th, 2008.)
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Answer the following questions according to the text:
01. All of the following are causes for the increase in the prices of food, EXCEPT:
a) transportation costs.
b) advertising campaigns.
c) natural disasters.
d) higher life standards.
02. It is CORRECT to say that high oil prices make:
a) farmers use their crops to make fuel.

b) consumers buy more fuel.
c) crops have a lower price.
d) farmers plant more soy.
03. One consequence of high food prices is:
a) balanced diets.
b) more food consumption.
c) health problems.
d) good nourishment.
04. The expression going through the roof (line 1) can be best replaced by:
a) falling.
b) decreasing.
c) freezing.
d) rising.
05. All of the following alternatives are examples of the present perfect simple tense, EXCEPT:
a) have doubled (line 7).

b) have to tell (line 1).
c) have become (line 12).
d) have more than tripled (line 2).
06. The infinitive form of the verb rose (line 8) is:
a) raise.
b) risen.
c) rise.
d) rosen.
07. The only word that functions as a verb in the text is:
a) heads (line 11).

b) estimates (line 29).
c) costs (line 9).
d) causes (line 14).
08. The referent to the word whose (line 37) is:
a) experts.
b) Group.
c) scientists.
d) centers.
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09. The word switching (line 18) can be best replaced by:
a) avoiding.
b) selling.
c) changing.
d) buying.
10. The referent to the pronoun its (line 35) is:
a) rest.
b) age.
c) life.
d) child.
GABARITO
01 B
02 A
03 C
04 D
05 B
06 C
07 A
08 B
09 C
10 D
UFVJM 2009-2
Instructions: Read the texts carefully and then choose the alternative which best completes the following
statements.
Text 1 . Questions 01 to 04.
70% deforestation cuts for Brazil
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Glossary:
Rates: Taxas
Increased: Aumentou
Targets: Metas
UN: Naes Unidas
Environmental: Ambientais
Question 01
The plan, announced by Brazil, has the following objective:
a) recycle wood
b) stop gases emissions
c) clean polluted rivers
d) reduce the cutting of trees
Question 02
What are the countries encouraged to contribute with to the Amazon fund?
a) seedling plants
b) financial resources
c) reforestation projects
d) eucalyptus cultivation
Question 03
According to the text, Srgio Leito says that some things dont contribute to Brazils plan. All the following are
correct, EXCEPT:
a) economic crisis
b) wrong speed
c) international resources
d) timid targets
Question 04
In this report the author.s main purpose is to
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a) inform people that Brazil and other nations are taking care of the Amazon rainforest
b) suggest countries to contribute to the Amazon fund and protect the rainforest
c) advise population to recycle, save energy and decrease car fumes to help to reduce deforestation in the Amazon
region
d) alert Brazilian government to increase the speed of environmental actions to save the Amazon
Text 2 . Questions 05 to 07.
Zoo chimp planned stone attacks
A male chimpanzee in a Swedish zoo planned

hundreds of stone-throwing attacks on zoo
visitors, according to researchers.
Keepers at Furuvik Zoo found that the chimp
05 collected and stored stones that he would later
use as missiles.
Further, the chimp learned to recognise how
and when parts of his concrete enclosure could
be pulled apart to fashion further projectiles.
10 The findings are reported in the journal Current
Chimpanzees have long been
Biology. suspected of planning ahead
15 There has been scant evidence in previous research that animals

can
plan for future events.
Crucial to the current study is the fact that Santino, a chimpanzee
at the
20 zoo in the city north of Stockholm, collected the stones in a calm
state,
prior to the zoo opening in the morning.
The launching of the stones occurred hours later - during domi-
nance
25 displays to zoo visitors - with Santino in an .agitated. state.
This suggests that Santino was anticipating a future mental state
- an
ability that has been difficult to definitively prove in animals, ac-
cording to
30 Mathias Osvath, a cognitive scientist from Lund University in Swe-
den
and author of the new research.
Weve done experimental studies, and the chimps in my mind
show very
clearly that they do plan for future needs, but it has been argued
that
perhaps this was an experimental artefact, Dr Osvath told BBC
News.
Now we have this spontaneous behaviour, which is always in
some sense better evidence.
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/7928996.stm
Glossary:
Male: Macho Prior: Antes
Launching: Lanamento Behaviour: Comportamento
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Question 05
According to the text, the chimpanzee is able to do all the following, EXCEPT:
a) plan for future events

b) do experimental studies
c) recognize how and when something can be done
d) anticipate a future mental state
Question 06
Santino is the name of a:
a) Swedish zoo
b) zoo visitor
c) cognitive scientist
d) male chimpanzee
Question 07
When the chimp launches stones, it wants to show:
a) ability
b) evidence
c) dominance
d) calm
GABARITO
01 D
02 B
03 C
04 A
05 B
06 D
07 C
UFMG 2010
INSTRUCTIONS: Read the texts carefully and then choose the alternative which best completes the statement
in each question, from 01 to 08.
ingls 65
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QUESTION 01
The introduction to the text (lines 1-2) implies that, at present, the capitalist system
A) guides transitions.
B) rules the world.
C) serves the market.
D) teaches governors.
QUESTION 02
The best topic for the first paragraph is that
A) capitalism includes market economy.

B) it is not very easy to define capitalism.
C) the elements in capitalism are traditional.
D) we cannot tell the future of capitalism.
QUESTION 03
According to the text, market economy, trade and capital (1st paragraph) are
A) alternatives to ancient policies.

B) byproducts of new capitalism.
C) insufficient to define capitalism.
D) theories of economic systems.
QUESTION 04
Braudel suggests that capitalism is
A) mostly defined by agriculture.

B) moving towards immateriality.
C) oriented towards local finance.
D) related to specialized industry.
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QUESTION 05
The word disembodied (line 15) can be best understood as
A) foreign.
B) marketed.
C) nearby.
D) vague.
QUESTION 06
Communism (line 19) and managerialism (line 20) are mentioned in the text as systems that
A) are considered unwanted utopias nowadays.

B) could have been alternatives to capitalism.
C) managed to supersede globalized capitalism.
D) were commonly considered the golden ages.
QUESTION 07
We can say that the author of the text thinks that religion
A) can be seen as sub-culture.

B) is a radical way of living.
C) allows for utopian ideals.
D) induces civic engagement.
QUESTION 08
Study this cartoon:
We can infer that the cartoon above says that socialism
A) interested few workers.

B) found hope in capitalism.
C) scared people in the US.
D) surprised most politicians.
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GABARITO
01 C
02 B
03 C
04 B
05 D
06 B
07 C
08 B
UFTM 2010-1
Leia o texto e responda s questes de nmeros 01 a 04.
The Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition (GAIN) is an alliance driven by the vision
of a world without malnutrition. GAIN mobilizes public-( I ) partnerships and provides fi-
nancial and technical support to deliver healthier foods and supplements to those people
most at risk of malnutrition. Our innovative partnership projects in more than 25 coun-
tries are improving the lives of ( II ) 200 million people. Our project portfolio is growing
and our goal is to reach one billion people.
(www.gainhealth.org/ & The Economist, September 2009)
01. A principal misso da organizao no-governamental GAIN
(A) mobilizar outras ONGs para que se extermine a fome no mundo.

(B) arrecadar a ajuda de um bilho de pessoas.
(C) distribuir alimentao para crianas que sofrem de m nutrio.
(D) diminuir a m nutrio atravs de diversas aes.
(E) convencer outros pases a distribuir fortificantes a pessoas famintas.
02. Assinale a alternativa que preenche corretamente os espaos ( I ) e ( II ), respectivamente.
(A) governmental fewer than

(B) industrialized most
(C) private nearly
(D) rich more than
(E) innovative all
03. Observe a palavra other em through food fortification and other strategies aimed at e indique a alter-
nativa na qual other est corretamente empregada.
(A) Other mission.

(B) Other risk.
(C) Other goal.
(D) Other alliance.
(E) Other people.
04. In and our goal is to reach one billion people. we may say that the organization expects to
(A) become bigger and bigger.

(B) gain more financial support.
(C) get to a particular level.
(D) grow as soon as possible.
(E) increase their vision of the world.
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Leia o texto e responda s questes de nmeros 05 a 07.
(www.adsoftheworld.com/media/print/avaya_sales)
05. The tone used in the ad is
(A) hopeless.
(B) persuasive.
(C) sarcastic.
(D) nostalgic.
(E) optimistic.
06. The adjective annoyed and the verb hang up respectively mean
(A) extremely irritated; make another call.

(B) slightly angry; end a telephone conversation.
(C) a bit anxious; give up calling.
(D) very nervous; stop trying.
(E) too impatient; talk to someone else.
07. The last sentence says There is a better way. Which alternative would complete this sentence adequately?
(A) to assist the customers.

(B) to answer a call back.
(C) to buy and sell telephones.
(D) to have good manners.
(E) to end a phone conversation.
Leia o cartoon e responda s questes de nmeros 08 e 09.
ingls 69
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(www.comics.com/the_buckets/)
08. Dentro do contexto do cartoon, a mulher parece no entender a pergunta que lhe feita porque
(A) a pergunta soa muito machista e sem graa.

(B) ela no v diferena entre um e outro tipo de filme.
(C) a palavra flick no tem sentido para ela.
(D) o homem espera que ela saiba demais.
(E) ela nem sempre consultada sobre esse assunto.
09. De acordo com a opinio expressa pelo homem, no segundo e terceiro quadrinhos, pode-se concluir que
(A) as mulheres ferem os sentimentos dos homens em filmes feitos para mulheres.
(B) os homens gostam de ouvir a opinio das mulheres na hora de escolher filmes.
(C) as mulheres apreciam mais o gnero romntico ou drama.
(D) os chamados filmes masculinos no ferem os sentimentos de outras pessoas.
(E) os filmes feitos para homens so mais agressivos do ponto de vista fsico.
GABARITO
01 D
02 C
03 E
04 A
05 C
06 B
07 A
08 B
09 E
UERJ EM FOCO...
BUENA VISTA SOCIAL CLUB (G, 101 minutes) In this charming documentary, German director Wim
Wenders chronicles his friend Ry Cooders successful attempt to persuade a lost generation of legendary Cuban
musicians to make a comeback album called Buena Vista Social Club. It sold more than a million copies. Between
the beats of this so-called son music, you can feel a touching camaraderie among the musicians, including 80-year-
old pianist Ruben Gonzalez and Ibrahim Ferrer, aka The Nat King Cole of Cuba, whose soft, 70-year-old voice will
slay anyone with an appreciation of fine music. When the band makes its final appearance on the Carnegie stage,
to the sweetly mournful strains of Quizs, Quizs, Quizs, you realize youre hooked on these musicians for life.
In Spanish and English with subtitles. Contains nothing objectionable except mildly risqu lyrics. Arlington Cinema
N Drafthouse.
(Washington Post on line www.washingtonpost.com. March 24, 2000)
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(UERJ 2001/1) Questo 01

The film, mentioned above, is now playing at local theaters nationwide.
As far as communicative intentions are concerned, the text above is best characterized as:
(A) a summary of the virtuosity of legendary Cuban performers

(B) an account of the evolution of Cuban finest music and bands
(C) a review of the screen performance of old-time Cuban artists
(D) a description of the tropical rhythm of famous Cuban composers

When the band makes its final appearance on the Carnegie stage, to the sweetly mournful strains of Quizs,
Quizs, Quizs, you realize youre hooked on these musicians for life.
The best paraphrase for the underlined clause is:
(A) youll hardly ever forget them

(B) youll never get close to them
(C) youll always be dependent on them
(D) youll be forever in love with them

Nouns in English can be preceded by words of various grammatical classes.
The construction which does not contain a typical instance of adjectival modification is:
(A) ... comeback album ...

(B) ... German director ...
(C) ... successful attempt ...
(D) ... charming documentary ...

From the excerpts below, those which signal absence of restriction on theater admission are:
(A) ... 101 minutes ...

... to persuade a lost generation of legendary Cuban musicians...
(B) ... G ...

Contains nothing objectionable except mildly risqu lyrics.
(C) ... aka The Nat King Cole of Cuba...

... anyone with an appreciation of fine music.
(D) In Spanish and English with subtitles.

... N ...
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The text depicts the new library of Alexandria as an extraordinary architectural landmark.
The author, however, draws attention to problems characterized as:
(A) financial and political

(B) scholarly and nationalistic
(C) geographical and historical
(D) environmental and occupational

According to the text, there is a curious parallel between ancient and modern Egyptians with regard to procedures
for the compilation of reading material.
The excerpt containing the description of a practice of the past is:
(A) they raided passing ships and forced them to hand over any scrolls (l. 39 - 41)
(B) They ask visiting businessmen and dignitaries (...) any spare books (l. 43- 45)
(C) Acquisitions that fit the strategy include copies of Spains Escorial collection (l. 56 - 57)
(D) sources say that the Egyptians dont want a librarian running the show (l. 70 - 72)

A single conjunction may express multiple meanings.
In Short of trying to collect every book in existence, as the ancient library did..., the word as conveys the idea
of:
(A) cause
(B) comparison
(C) simultaneity
(D) contradiction
The comic strip offers food for thought about the way men feel and behave.
In Electras view, Cathys attitude reflects:
(A) absence of true affection and desires

(B) carelessness toward pets and loved ones
(C) inconsistency between words and actions
(D) deceitfulness in relation to intentions and virtues
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Com base no texto abaixo, responda s questes de nmeros 09 a 12.

From the idea expressed in the text and the title of the article one may infer that:
(A) Brazil will fulfill its economic potential once it opens its borders and embraces free trade.
(B) The air industry will go bust when Brazil beats its bitterest rivals, thanks to effective foreign policies.
(C) Brazil will soon be in a position to wield decisive influence over the future of the world trading system.
(D) The establishment of free trade will be strongly supported by Brazilian leaders due to reasonable tariffs.
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What they have in common is the sight of Brazil as it sheds its image as eternally easygoing... (l. 09 - 10)
The two instances of the word as in the sentence above establish the following semantic relations:
(A) causality and addition

(B) alternation and purpose
(C) concession and contrast
(D) temporality and comparison

Recognition of the economic and political weight of Brazil in the international arena is implied in the following excerpt:
(A) A new front in that conflict emerged in February when Canada suddenly announced a prohibition on imports
of Brazilian beef, (l. 33 - 36)
(B) Brazilian officials argued that the beef ban was just an excuse to intimidate them in the aircraft dispute and
gave Canada until March 1 to rescind the ban. (l. 38 - 41)
(C) When the Canadians finally gave Brazilian meat a clean bill of health on Feb. 27, government officials were
able to treat the event as a triumph and announced plans to file complaints against Canada (l. 41 - 45)
(D) This was a win-win situation for Brazil, in that it got the attention of the Canadians and will probably get more
attention at the upcoming summit than it would have otherwise, (l. 47 - 50)

South American officials are cautious and not very confident about policy issues concerning the:
(A) reciprocity of commercial trade in the Americas

(B) adoption of peaceful political strategies by the US
(C) agenda of the Foreign Relations Council in Quebec
(D) candidacy of Brazil for a seat in the United Nations
Com base no texto abaixo, responda s questes de nmeros 13 e 14.
JAZZ AT LINCOLN CENTER TO REACH FROM BRAZIL TO NEW ORLEANS
The longer works of John Coltrane and Charles Mingus, an Abbey Lincoln retrospective and a Brazilian music
festival are among more than 400 events worldwide planned by Jazz at Lincoln Center for its 11th season as a
year-round producer, starting in September.
After a July residency by the Lincoln Center Jazz Orchestra at the Vitoria-Gasteiz Festival in Spain, the organization
plans a fall series of performances, educational events and broadcasts centering on the theme Jump In. Jump In
signifies the philosophy of Jazz at Lincoln Center, which is welcome and dont hesitate, like when you go to some-
bodys house and they try to make you comfortable in the shortest period of time, said Wynton Marsalis, the organiza-
tions artistic director. We have a season that is inclusive of many styles and forms, with musicians of all persuasions.
Since its inception, Jazz at Lincoln Center has been criticized for ignoring music produced since the 1960s. The
2001-2 season suggests a broader focus: two concerts are to explore the later, visionary works of Coltrane and Min-
gus, and a three-concert retrospective will present not only Ms. Lincolns musical compositions but her poetry as well.
A series of events will also reflect the relationship between Brazilian music and jazz, including collaborations
between the Lincoln Center Jazz Orchestra and a samba band led by the percussionist Cyro Baptista; three concerts
featuring new arrangements of the music of the Brazilian composer Pixinguinha, performed by a small ensemble led
by the guitarist Romero Lubambo; an annotated film program that examines the carnival traditions of Brazil and New
Orleans; and three Jazz for Young People concerts, one on Mingus, one on Coltrane and a third titled What Is Samba?
http://www.nytimes.com . March 26.2001

The article above was extracted from the city entertainment section of a renowned American newspaper.
The upcoming attractions are best described in:
(A) high-quality jazz orchestras led by Brazilian musicians will play in New Orleans
(B) artistic trends of Brazil and New Orleans will be showcased in New York City
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(C) carnival traditions and samba music arrangements will be examined in New York City
(D) jazz bands and Brazilian samba composers will give joint performances in New Orleans

The theme Jump In, chosen by the artistic organizers for the diversified events, is intended to:
(A) shake the audience

(B) promote cultural exchange
(C) make festival-goers feel at ease
(D) bring together music traditions
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The main aim of the proposal for the United Nations is to raise public awareness in relation to the following course
of action:
(A) healing degraded ecosystems

(B) preserving endangered species
(C) diminishing human exploitation
(D) preventing ecological devastation

According to the text, true global security will only be achieved through initiatives to:
(A) refine clean-up techniques

(B) promote worldwide peace
(C) implement ecological recovery
(D) encourage local volunteer work
These two practices, suggested in the text, produce distinct results.

They are best characterized in the opposition conveyed by the following pair of adjectives:
(A) topological and climatic

(B) permanent and provisional
(C) prescriptive and descriptive
(D) segregatory and combinatory
In the excerpt above, the adverb ultimately means:
(A) lastly
(B) recently
(C) currently
(D) fundamentally
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The intention behind a manifesto is that of eliciting some kind of response from readers.
Therefore, the most basic reaction to be expected here is:
(A) provision of funds

(B) change of attitude
(C) propaganda of ideas
(D) distribution of tasks
The argumentation in the text is structured by means of the following combination of strategies:
(A) explanation and analogy

(B) definition and illustration
(C) justification and purpose
(D) condition and presupposition
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The text is a piece of criticism where the writer publicly denounces conflicts behind the disclosure of scientific fin-
dings.
The authors argumentation is developed on the basis of:

(A) a description of restrictive policies adopted by Congress
(B) a detailed historical account of irregular editing procedures
(C) the testimony of renowned scientists concerned with conflicts of interest

(D) the transcription of fragments of a letter denouncing financial problems

Scientists general concern is expressed in the following excerpt:
(A) Such conflicts, many of which are associated with the rise of industry-funded science, have already attracted
scrutiny from Congress, (l. 6 - 7)
(B) In the last few years, a number of spectacular failures of disclosure and editorial oversight have come to light.
(l. 12)
(C) a panel report endorsing a proprietary blood test for Alzheimers disease but did not disclose that one of the
panelists held a patent on the test (l. 16 - 17)
(D) there is a risk that more research will just become client science, where truth is determined according to
your clients needs. (l. 21 - 22)

One of the corrective actions proposed by scientists is:
(A) peer participation in panel reports

(B) written statements of journal policies
(C) public disclosure of corporate interests
(D) detailed account of authors financial support

Nonetheless, most scientific journals still do not disclose authors conflicts of interest, and for those
that do, (l. 18 - 19)
The pronoun those above refers to:
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(A) authors
(B) journals
(C) conflicts
(D) scientists
Friends of the Earth is one of the leading environmental pressure groups in the UK, represented in 68 countries,
that calls for prompt action to control the use of chemicals.
The image and text on the campaign poster basically suggest that:
(A) women are easy targets to serious diseases

(B) everyday products are full of risky chemicals
(C) cosmetics use up dozens of dangerous chemicals
(D) manufacturers never tell consumers about toxic substances

The measure that best conveys the campaigns highest priority is:
(A) chemical substances should be assessed for safety

(B) irresponsible companies should be closed at once
(C) cosmetic industries should be controlled by consumers
(D) powerful manufacturers should be prohibited from lobbying
Com base no texto a seguir, responda s questes de nmeros 27 a 30.
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An essay is a short piece of writing, where the writer expresses his points of view on a particular subject.
In What is rhetoric?, Prof. Sheehan develops the topic by:
(A) defining the term rhetoric and its practical applications

(B) comparing and contrasting former and current perspectives
(C) establishing the dividing line between science and philosophy
(D) arguing in favor of the teaching and practice of rhetoric at universities

One of the functions of rhetoric is justified in the following excerpt:
(A) In other words, who we are and where we are will always be factors in how we define truth. (l. 4 - 5)
(B) Indeed, change seems to be norm in reality, while things that stay the same are the exception. (l. 9 - 10)
(C) Humans are always in a process of anticipating the evolution of discourse and resolving their misunderstand-
ings through interpretive strategies (l. 13 - 14)
(D) A rhetorical critic studies texts to determine how particular speakers or writers use words to be persuasive or
perhaps create whole new conceptions of reality. (l. 15 - 16)
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According to the author, the overall goal of rhetorical research is to:
(A) understand how human experiences are related to each other

(B) analyze communication strategies employed by language users
(C) study appropriateness levels of vocabulary chosen by speakers
(D) compare the different types of discourse used to persuade others

And, since the who and where of our lives are always changing, so is our understanding of truth.
(l. 5 - 6)
Since and so in the sentence above may be notionally replaced by:
(A) if and thus

(B) therefore and but
(C) hence and instead
(D) because and likewise

Campaign and advertisement posters make frequent use of visual aids such as pictures, drawings and charts to
cause an immediate impact on viewers.
The idea conveyed by the image for the campaign is found in the following sentence:
(A) The risk of underage alcohol consumption is increasing.

(B) Hard liquor addiction is related to ethnic and age variables.
(C) Alcohol drinking rates among kids are higher than those among adults.
(D) Teenage girls are more prone to alcohol drinking than their male counterparts.
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extensivo

The reason for the action alert is contained in:
(A) parents must restrict their kids TV viewing time

(B) youth exposure to alcohol ads on TV may lead to addiction
(C) the number of TV sets in a house contributes to alcohol addiction
(D) alcoholic teenagers watch much more TV as compared to other age groups
GABARITO
01. C
02. D
03. A
04. B
05. A
06. A
07. B
08. C
09. C
10. D
11. D
12. A
13. B
14. C
15. A
16. C
17. D
18. D
19. B
20. C
21. C
22. D
23. D
24. B
25. B
26. A
27. A
28. C
29. B
30. D
31. A
32. B
ingls 83
84
Anotaes:
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ingls

Inglês - Capítulos sobre gramática, false friends e compreensão textual

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Captulo 2 - False friends 17

Captulo 4 - extra material 31

Captulo 5 - TEXT COMPREHENSION 45

Reviso: Geovane Souza de Oliveira

Editorao eletrnica / Iconografia: InfotechArt - Informao, Tecnologia e Arte

Projeto Grfico / Edio de imagens / Ilustraes : PIXEL - Criaes Visuais

Capa: Art Publish

Personal Pronouns Possessive Adjectives and Pronouns

you you your yours yourself

he him his his himself

she her her hers herself

it it its its itself

we us our ours ourselves

you you your yours yourselves

they them their theirs themselves

Personal Pronouns - Subject

Personal Pronouns Object

My sister Jane loves books. This novel is for (she) her.

Replace the personal pronouns by possessive adjectives.

Fill in the correct reflexive pronouns.

action in the present taking place

action taking place in the

action in the past taking place

action going on at a certain

putting emphasis on the result

putting emphasis on the course

action taking place before a

action taking place before a

A: He will be speaking. action that is going on at a

A: He will have spoken.

A: He will have been

A: He would speak. if sentences type II

A: He would have spoken.

A: He would have been

Verb Tense Final Test

Cumulative Verb Tense Review

Who is not necessarily on the phone now? _____________

Who are you offering to make dinner for? _______________

Who did not run into Tim? ________________

Whose action bothers you? ___________________

Who is still alive? ___________________

A - Comparison with -er/-est

clean - cleaner - (the) cleanest

new newer newest

cheap cheaper cheapest

2) adjectives with two syllables and the following endings:

dirty dirtier dirtiest

easy easier easiest

happy happier happiest

pretty prettier prettiest

2 - 2) adjectives with two syllables, ending in -er

clever cleverer cleverest

2 - 3) adjectives with two syllables, ending in -le

simple simpler simplest

2 - 4) adjectives with two syllables, ending in -ow

narrow narrower narrowest

Spelling of the adjectives using the endings -er/-est

large larger largest leave out the silent -e

big bigger biggest

dirty dirtier dirtiest Change -y to -i (consonant before -y)

Here -y is not changed to -i.