Chemistry Lab Report

Experiment (6): Standardization of NaOH Solution & Analysis of Vinegar

A - Standardization of NaOH solution :

1A- Aim: Standardization of NaOH solution using oxalic acid.

2A- Introduction: In a titration, it is critical to know the

exact concentration of the titrant (the solution in the burette which will
be added to the unknown) in order to determine the concentration of the
solution being tested. We will standardize the 0.1 M NaOH solution
(the titrant) with oxalic acid by using phenolphthalein as the indicator.
Oxalic acid and base react in the following way:
H2SO4 (aq) + 2NaOH (aq) Na2SO4 (aq) + 2H2O (l)

3A- Apparatus and Chemical:

Burettes, Pipettes, Dropper, Conical flask, Distilled
Apparatus
water bottle.
Sodium hydroxide, Oxalic acid, Distilled water,
Chemical
Phenolphthalein.

4A- Discussion:
1-Accurately, weight 0.70 grams of oxalic acid in a 125-mL Erlenmeyer
flask. Record the exact mass in the date sheet.
2-Dissolve the oxalic acid in about 20 mL of distilled water.
3.Add 2 or 3 drops of phenolphthalein indicator solution and swirl the
solution.
4.Clean your buret by rinsing it twice with small quantities of disilled
water. Empty the water by opening the stopcock of the buret. Then
rinse the buret with about 10 mL of the sodium hydroxide solution that
is to be standardized. It is always a good practice to make the last
rinsing of any glassware with the solution it will contain.

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5.Fill the buret with NaOH solution. Be certain to open the stopcock
and allow a few mL of the solution to flow out. Check to see that there
arent any air pockets between the tip of the buret and the stopcock.
6.Record the volume of the NaOH solution by reading the bottom of the
solutions meniscus. Be certain to record this initial buret reading.
7.Titrate the oxalic acid with the sodium hydroxide solution by opening
the stopcock. Be certain to swirl the oxalic acid solution turns to a
permanent pale pink color. At this point, stop adding NaOH solution.
8.Record your final buret reading.
9.Repeat the experiment with a second sample of oxalic acid.

5A- Results & Calculation:

1.Weight of Oxalic Acid, mox = 0.70 g
2.Molar Mass of Oxalic Acid, MMox = 126 g/mole
3.Moles of Oxalic Acid, nox = mox/MMox = 0.70/126 = 5.5*10^-3 mole
4.Titration:
Final burette reading 11.25 22.05 33.50
Initial burette reading 0.00 11.25 22.05
Volume of NaOH used
11.25 10.80 11.45
Final reading- Initial reading
(11.25+10.80+11.45)/3 = 11.20 mL
Average volume of NaOH, Vav
= 0.0112 L

5.Equation of the reaction:

2NaOH (aq) + H2C2O4.2H2O (l) Na2C2O4 (aq) + 4H2O (l)
6.No.of moles of NaOH reacted with Oxalic acid, n NaOH =
2*5.5*10^-3 = 0.011 mole
From the equation above:
n NaOH = nox *( 2 mol NaOH/1 mol Oxalic acid ).
7.Molarity of NaOH, M NaOH = n NaOH/V av(L) = 0.011/0.0112 =
0.98 M

6A- Conclusion: We learn from this part how to Standardize

the NaOH solution using oxalic acid. And we find at the end of our
experiment that the Molarity of NaOH is 0.98 M.

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 B Analysis of vinegar :

1B- Aim: Determination of concentration of acetic acid in

commercial vinegar.

2B- Introduction: Vinegar contains acetic acid CH3CO2H,

which is an organic acid with one acidic hydrogen.The percent by weight
of acetic acid in vinegar can be determined by titrating a measured
volume with standardized NaOH.

3B- Apparatus and Chemical:

Burettes, Pipettes, Dropper, Conical flask, Distilled
Apparatus
water bottle.
Sodium hydroxide, Vinegar, Distilled water,
Chemical
Phenolphthalein.

4B- Discussion:
1-Add 10.00 mL of vinegar to a 125-mL Erlenmeyer flask.
2.Measure a second 10.00-mL solution of vinegar in another 125-mL
Erlenmeyer flask.
3-Dilute each sample with 15 to 20 mL of distilled water.
4.Add three drops of phenolphthalein indicator solution to each sample.
5. Titrate the vinegar samples with NaOH solution which you
standardized in Part A. The solution turn pale pink at the endpoint.

5B- Results & Calculation:

1.Volume of vinegar, Vvineger = 0.10 mL = 0.00010 L
2.Molarity of NaOH, MNaOH ( PART A ) = 0.98 M
3.Titration:
Final burette reading 5.80 11.75 17.60 23.50
Initial burette reading 0.00 5.80 11.75 12.60
Volume of NaOH used 5.80 5.95 5.85 5.90
Final reading- Initial reading
(5.80+5.95+5.85+5.90)/4 = 5.90 mL
Average volume of NaOH, Vav
= 0.00590 L

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4.No.of moles of NaOH, n NaOH = MNaOH * Vav = 0.98 M * 0.00590 L =
5.78 * 10^-3 mole
5. No.of moles of CH3COOH reacted with NaOH (in 10.00 mL),
n CH3COOH = 5.78 * 10^-3 mole
From the equation:
CH3COOH (aq) + NaOH (aq) CH3COONa (aq) + H2O (l)
n CH3COOH = n NaOH *( 1 mol CH3COOH /1 mol NaOH ).
6.Molarity of CH3COOH, M CH3COOH = n CH3COOH / Vvineger = 5.78 * 10^-3
/ 0.00010 L = 0.578 M
7.Molar mass of CH 3COOH, MM CH3COOH = 60.00 g/mol
8.Concentration of CH 3COOH in (g/L) = M CH3COOH * MM CH3COOH = 0.578 *
60.00 = 34.69 g/L

6B- Conclusion: We learn from this part how to Determine the

concentration of acetic acid in commercial vinegar by by using titration
and knowing concentration of titrate material and volume. And we find in
our experiment that the concentration of vinegar is 34.69 M.

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