A study of calibrated technical for free field sensitivity of standard

microphone
1 2 2 2 2
1
2

International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)

Abstract
In recent years, international organized International Electrotechnical Commission
(IEC) make every endeavor to revises the acoustics standards about standard traceability
and calibration, also completes the request of microphone calibration for free field
sensitivity. In Taiwan, national measurement laboratory have completed the calibration
system and standard traceability for the pressure sensitivity of microphone many years
ago. At the present, for realizes this document standards of microphone calibration for free
field sensitivity to make it become entity's standard and to offer the service of calibration.
National measurement laboratory set about the research of relevant technology.
This article is the studies for the calibration principle of microphone which in the free
field and its measuring method. Furthermore, the measurement system and the directions
of improvement in the future were discussed.
Key words: Standard microphone, free field, sensitivity, calibration

[1]

[2]

() ()

[3]

IEC1094-1 23.77 mm LS1P 12.7

mm LS2P (pressure sensitivity) LS2F
(free-field sensitivity)[4]

(reciprocity)

[5]

P0

P0 P0
P0 P0
p ' 0 .... .. (1)
S ( f , )
p0

p + q Z ar = p' o ... ..(2)

zar (radiation impedance)

U = zei + M P za q
..(3)
P = M P zai + za q

P
q
U

i
ze
za
Mp [6] [7]

P0Mf
) S ( f , ) .. ... (4)
za
M = (M P
z a + z ar
f

(4) za za+zar

(4)
M za
= (M P ) .. ........(5)
f

S ( f , ) z a + z ar
(5)

za
za+zar

z ar z a

Mf,A Mf,B
z ar z a iA


U = zei + M P za q dC
....(6) U =C
U
0 = M P z a i + ( z a + z ar )q ~

r
[8] Mf,B Mf,C

0c
(M f i ) e j (t k d ) .......(7)
iB
p( r, t ) =
j 2 d U =C
dBC U
~

Mf,C Mf,A
iC

dC U
A B U =C
~
Mfa,A Mfa,B B
A B
(7)

0c
P A at B = (M i A ) e jt e k d BA ....(8)
j 2 d AB
fa , A

k=+j(wave number) B
B UB
0c
U B = M fa , B P A at B = (M fa , B M fa , A i A ) e j t e k d ....(9) BA

j 2 d BA
A B
2 d BA U B k d ....(10)
M fa , B M fa , A = j e BA

0c iA

e k d12 ............ ...(11)

2d BA U B
M M =j
0 f iA
fa , B fa , A

(CB)(AC)
2d BA U B k d BA
M fa , B M fa , A = j e
0 f iA
2d CB U ...(12)
M fa ,C M fa , B = j C e k dCB
0 f iB
2d AC U A k d AC
M fa , A M fa ,C = j f e
0 iC
[4]
1

M 2 d d U U i 2
fa , A = f BA AC B A B e k ( d BA + d AC d CB )
0 d CB i A ic U c
2
1
.(13)
d d U U B iC k ( d CB + d BA d AC ) 2
M fa , B = CB BA C e
0 f d AC iB iA U A
1

2 d d U U i A k ( d AC + dCB d BA ) 2
M fa ,C = f AC CB A C e
0 d BA iC iB U B

IEC

i1
() 1 a DVM
2 e

U2
2

1

(AB)(BC)(CA)

[9][10]

(1)

(2)
(3)
kHz0.003 dB/

1. 28
22004.
2.
2004
3. Brel & Kjr, Microphone Handbook vol.1 : Theory,1997.
4. International Electrotechnical Commission, Measurement microphone Part 1:
Specifications for laboratory standard microphones, Publication 61094-1 , 2000-07.
5. International Electrotechnical Commission, Measurement microphone Part 3: Primary
method for free-field calibration of laboratory standard microphones by the reciprocity
technique, Publication 61094-3 ,1995-11.
6. International Electrotechnical Commission, Measurement microphone Part 2: Primary
method for pressure calibration of laboratory standard microphones by the reciprocity
technique, Publication 61094-2 ,1992-03.
7.
1992
8.
07-3-91-00612004
9. 1994

10. 07-3-83-0046
2002