Rs. 25.00 ISSN-0566-2257 University News A Weekly Journal of p// Higher Education Association of Indian Universities Vol. 55 No.06 + February 06-12, 2017 RV Pazhani M Selladurai Development of Management Education Empowering Transgenders Community in Indepentent India through Education Pramod Kumar Joshi H P Dikshit Indian Higher Education: Past, Present and Future Harnessing Knowledge Economy for Economic Growth krishna Kant Sharma —Convocation Address Development of Higher Education in Independent IndiaEmpowering Transgenders Community through Education MSelladurai* “We need to say, with one voice that, transgender people are valued, they are loved, they are us, they desires to be treated ‘fairly and equally” The universe is looking so attractive with all its greeneries and sceneries, these are all highly possible only because of the appreciation and promotion of human beings. Peoples may also differ by colour, religion, language, and native and even by gender. Understanding the differences and accepting the reality with encouraging everyone will lead the life more awesome. Like the primary and secondary gender men and women looking forward in all the aspects especially in education. On the other side the differentiated transgender community also tries to move with them and grabs to get the basic and advanced knowledge through higher education. Universal Declaration of Human Rights states that, “Everyone has the right to education. Education shall be free, at least in the elementary and fundamental stages. Elementary education shall be compulsory. Technical and professional education shall be made generally available and higher education shall be equally accessible to all on the basis of merit”. India too having some unbreakable norms and laws for the education of the transgender. But the question is, Do they have ‘awareness on these laws? Do they have knowledge on their rights to attain the education? Is the society ready to serve these kind of humans? and finally Are we ready to have a friendly relationship with Transgenders? ‘Transgender in India Transgender is not a word limited to persons whose genitals are combined but itis a comprehensive term of persons whose gender expression, identity or behaviour varies from the standards expected from their birth sex. Several transgender personalities fall under this group including transgender male, transgender female, male to female and female to male. It also includes crossdressers (those who wear dresses of others), gender queer people (they feel they belong to both the genders or they do not belong to any gender) and transsexuals. “Doctoral Research Scholar in Commerce, Periyar E.V.R. College, Tiruchirapalli = 620023 (Tamil Nadu). m.selladurai@gmail.com UNIVERSITY NEWS, 55(06) FEBRUARY 06-12, 2017 In India, there are wide range of transgender related personalities which includes the Hijras, Aravanis, Kothis, Jogtas/Jogappas, ShivSakthis. Some ‘years ago, they were treated with high respect.“Hijra’ isa Persian term translated as eunuch which is used in common parlance for transgender communal in India.‘Aravani’ is a term used for male to female transgender who experienced genital transparent through Sex Reassignment Surgery or perform Nirwaan which is a old-fashioned mode of castration. Kothi is used for those who adopt a feminine role in same sex relationships, but do not live in communities as Aravanis.Jogtas/Jogappas found in Maharashtra and Karnataka are male to female transgender who devote themselves to the services of god. Shiv Shakthis were found in Andhra Pradesh are males who are considered ‘married to gods particularly Lord Shiva. They generally work as spiritual healers or astrologers. A total of 4,87,803 transgenders were plotted in India in 2011 Census. Of all states, only Uttar Pradesh is having 1,37,465 transgenders in total, more than 28% of the nation’s transgenders belong to Uttar Pradesh; followed by Andhra Pradesh which holds 43,769 (9%) of transgenders and Maharashtra which has 40,891 (8%) standing second and third place respectively; Tamil Nadu has only 22,364 (5%) and got seventh position in the list; only two transgender people belongs to Lakshadweep caught last line. According to the literacy rate of the transgenders, overall performance of the transgender score only 56.07% and Mizoram tops in the list with highest of 87.14% of the transgendery having educational knowledge; followed by Kerala holding 84.61% and Daman & Diu with 75.51% queuing second and third in the list respectively; Tamil Nadu recorded only 57.78% of literacy rate and placed 22" position among 35; Bihar scores the least with 44.35% of the transgenders being literate. First State for Third Gender Odisha is the sole state to build up special resolution for the welfare of the transgender and third gender of the nation. The step was taken to improve their social and economical status. The move has also been taken and keeping the Supreme Court’s orders to recognise transgenders as a legal third gender. Odisha 2State ‘Transgenders —Child(0-6) SC ST Literacy India 487,803 54,854 7B811 33,293 56.07% Uttar Pradesh 137,465 18,734 26,404 639 55.80% ‘Andhra Pradesh 43,769 4,082 6,226 3,225, 53.33% Maharashtra 40,891 4,101 4,691 3529 67.57% Bihar 40,827 5,971 6,295 306 «44.35% West Bengal 30,349 2,376 6AT4 1474 58.83% Madhya Pradesh 29,597 3,409 4,361 5,260 53.01% Tamil Nadu 22,364 1,289 4,203, 180 37.78% Orissa 20,332 2,125 3,236 4553_54.35% Kamataka 20,266 177 3.275) 1,324 58.82% Rajasthan 16,517 2,012 2,961 1805 48.34% Jharkhand 13,463 1,593 1,499 3,735_-47.58% Gujarat 11,544 1,028 664 1,238 62.82% ‘Assam 11,374 1,348 774 1,223 53.69% Punjab 10,243 813 3,055 0 59.75% Haryana 8,422 1,107 1,456 0 62.11% ‘Chhattisgarh 6,591 706 742 1,963 51.35% Uttarakhand 4,555 312 Bi 95 62.65% Delhi 4.213 311 490 0 62.99% Jammu and Kashmir 4,137 487 207 385 49.29% Kerala 3,902 295 337 SI 84.61% ‘Himachal Pradesh 2,051 154 433 118 62.10% ‘Manipur 1343 17 40 378 67.50% Tripura 833 66 172 181 71.19% Meghalaya 627 134 3 340 57.40% ‘Arunachal Pradesh 495 64 0 31 52.20% Goa 398 34 9 33 73.90% Nagaland 398 6 0 335 70.75% Puducherry 252 16 40 0 60.59% Mizoram, 166 26 1 146 87.14% Chandigarh 142 16 “sh 0 2.20% Sikkim 126 14 9 37 65.18% Daman and Diu 59 10 1 r 75.51% ‘Andaman & Nicobar Islands 47 “i 0 3 3.81% Dadra and Nagar Haveli B 3 0 2 73.68% Lakshadweep 2 0 0 2 50.00% ‘Source: Census Report, 2011 UNIVERSITY NEWS, 55(06) FEBRUARY 06-12, 2017has become the first state in the country to provide food grains, pension plans, health schemes, education system and housing loan benefits to the transgender community, thus including them in the Below Poverty. Line category. The step has been taken to empower the transgender community. Transgender is a global term for the people whose gender identity does not conform to the sex they were assigned at the time of their birth Sex is different from gender. Sex refers to genitalia and gender is a society constructed definition to differentiate between a man and woman. Government of India gave following provisions for transgenders: * Inthe 2011 census, 4,000 transgender people had registered themselves in the ‘Others’ category, * Inthe year 2014, the transgenders were recognised as a legal third gender by the Supreme Court which ‘ordered the government to provide the third gender with quotas in jobs and education, * On April 24, 2015, a bill for the transgenders was passed in the RajyaSabha which sought equal rights for the community. The bill was later adopted through a voice note, * Members of the transgender community will be given BPL cards, * The BPL cards will give them access to a number of social benefits under various government welfare programmes, * The benefits include “free housing, pensions loans to start up their own businesses and 100 days of paid work annually”, and ‘* The community will also be entitled to 5 kg of food grains every month, ‘Transgender Children Even though the wishes of transgender children differ massively based on the range of factors that, every child has right to learn in a harmless and accepting ‘environment. Encouraging transgender children gives, them the parallel opportunity that all children need. Every adult must perform as a protective agent dedicated to the safety and happiness of the young one. ‘The appearance of transgender personality, or any other form of gender extensive behaviour is healthy, suitable and typical phase of human development. Gender extensive children should never be asked, to confirm their gender identity or to compell them to identify with male or female sex. Likewise teachers and administrators need to participate in regular professional expansion and train to create a climate UNIVERSITY NEWS, 55(06) FEBRUARY 06-12, 2017 that avoids gender labelling and affirms the gender of all children. Parents and caregivers must similarly continue to expand their understanding of the shifting concems facing children as they get older. As transgender people requre more attention parents, mentors and healthcare suppliers are learning about the significance of supporting transgender youth. Teachers and administrators are also contributing to support these children, recognizing that every child holds an opportunity to succeed in their schooling. Gender based harassment and violence may be common in schools and it will affect all the students, not just those who are transgenders. Teachers having a transgender student in their class it can inclusive the learning atmosphere to prevent the need for such involvements. When students are harassed by the gender, their learning process often takes a backward step on worrying about which restroom they may use safely. As a result, students those who are facing harassment are not able to succeed academically. Crowned Indian Transgender People Manabi Bandopadhyay - India’s first transwoman college principal * Padmini Prakash - India’s first transgender television anchor ‘* Kamla Jaan- The first woman transgender mayor ‘© Shabnam Mausi - India’s first eunuch to become an MLA * Kalki Subramaniam - India’s first transgender entrepreneur ‘© Lakshmi - Transgender right activist © Revathi - First transgender to write about transgender and Hijra’s in Asia * Narthaki Nataraj - First transwoman to receive Sangeet Natak Akademi Award * Sudha TAI - First transgender to receive Honorary Doctorate in 2014 * K Prithika Yashini - First transwoman Sub- Inspector of Tamil Nadu Police ¢ Rose Venkatesan - First transwoman TV host © Karpaga - First transwoman actor * Maya Jafer - First transwoman Doctor of Naturopathic Medicine © C Devi - the first transwoman in Tamil Nadu to contest in the assembly elections 23,© Living Smile Vidya - First transgender auto biographer © Transgender Swapna - First transgender 1.A.S aspirant ‘© Transgender Gunavathi - First transgender Nurse ¢ Pastor Bharathi - First transgender Pastor Social Exclusion for Transgender Most of the Indian families do not encourage if their child starts to behaving in ways that are measured in cross gender role. Therefore, the members of the family starts to threaten, beat and scold their own siblings for behaving like a girl or woman. Some parents may reject and throw out their children for crossing the gender norms and also not satisfy the role of a male child. Many parents quit their transgender children to avoid shame to the family. These kind of transgender people get together to form the hijra community. Most of the transgender came out from the home are not educated and having no skills to gain a job. So, they do not believe in support from the blood relations itself. Subsequently, they are facing a lot of challenges includes lack of livelihood, lack of social welfare schemes, lack in skilled education, lack in health issues, lack in funding etc., Social exclusion background is quite increasing to highlight the issues and problems of the transgender people across the country. One can easily noticed that, transgender communities have been excluded even though they are actively participating in the social and cultural sequence and political economy. Untold Trans People © 80% of the trans students feels unsecure at school because of their gender expression, * Forty one per cent of the trans gender have attempted suicide, * Forty nine per cent of the trans people reported physical abuse in a 2007 survey, uw © Fifty per cent of the trans gender have been raped or assaulted by a romantic partner, © 58.7% of the trans students have experienced verbal harassment in the year 2015, * One of five trans people have faced homelessness at some point in their lives, ‘* One of eight trans people have been ejected due to being trans gender, i ‘Trans gender of colour are experiencing more than six times in physical violence with the police. Conclusion Education is the holy thing that transgender should have and it is the best way to attain the unreached success in their life. Education also taught us to respect each and every transgender and we should learn to work together to reimburse the gender gap. Creating a well mounted and inclusive education system will teaches all are parallel and every one should stand up for each other, even they are third gender. Planning is more essential to protest and protect the transgender against the social exclusion, but it doesn’t mean that we can safe guard them in every situations. Proper education will lead the transgender to face the challenges and groom them to ‘overcome the obstacles which are get back their victory. The teachers are standing in the front line on this effort and the exclusive success of the transgenders experience rests on the ability of the beneficiaries to work with them. Whether you are an educator, counsellor, supervisor, parent or anyone else needs to learn how to support the transgenders more efficiently and keep in mind that this process is possible. Together a team, we can beat any difficulty that arises and at the end you will made a memorable difference in not only the transgenders life, but also in the lives of their friends, family, surroundings and those in transgender community. Nature only chooses who will be the transgender and no individuals are able to choose it. References 1, Botti, Fabrizio, and Carlo D’Ippoliti. (2016). Sex Work among Trans People: Evidence From Southern Italy. Feminist Economics, 1-33. 2. Chakrapani, Venkatesan. (2010). Hijras/transgender women in India: HIV, human rights and social exclusion, UNDP. 3. Jeyaseelan, M. (2015). Knowledge of Transgender on Right UNIVERSITY NEWS, 55(06) FEBRUARY 06-12, 2017to Education and Privileges, In Tirupattur, Vllore (Dist). 9. _http:/Findianexpress convarticle/citiewdelhi/reserved-seats- Indian Journal of Applied Research. 5(9): 143-146 for-transgender-children-in-schools/ 4. Orr, A,, et al. (2015). Schools in transition: A guide for 10. hitp://indiatoday.intoday.in/education/story/6-indian- supporting transgender students in K-12 schools, New ttansgenders-who-dared-to-make-a-difference/1/ York, ACLU. 440778 hte 5. Priyadharshini, J, Selladurai, M. (2016). Technopreneurial 11. http://indiatoday.intoday.in/education/story/bpl-status-to- Education and its impact in India. TRANS Asian Research ‘ransgenders/1/685370.html ee 12, http://indiatoday. intoday.in/story/over-70000- 6. Singh, Yadavendia, eal. 2014). Gender Transition Services transgendes-in-rural-india-up-topslist-socio-economic- for ijras and Other Male-o-Female Transgender People _and-caste-census-2011/1/449209.huml in India: Availability and Barriers to Access and Use. : eae aaa grricigeaareenta ts 13, htp/timesofindia indiatimes. comiindia/First-count-of- third-gender-in-census~ 7. Subramanian, Thilakavathi, et al. (2016). Social Support 35741613.cms ‘System of Hijras and Other Trans Women Populations in ‘ 17 States of India. International Journal of Health Sciences ‘4 ttp:/Wwww.census2011.co.in/transgender php and Research (IJHSR) 6.4: 8-17. Is. kh/articleshow/ bttp://www.transstudent.org/mission 8, hitp/blog.ipleaders in/legal-rights-law-transgenders-in- 16, https: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ india! Transgender rights_in_Tamil_ Nadu, a HANDBOOK ON MANAGEMENT EDUCATION 2012 ‘The 10" edition of “Handbook on Management Education” contains State-wise information on 509 institutions in 178 universities conducting management programmes. The information of Institutions in |the Handbook includes: Year of establishment of Department/Institute; Name of its Head/Director; probable date of Notification/last date for application; Number of seats available; Seats for NRis/Foreign students; Eligibility; Application procedure; details of Common Entrance Test; Fees; Hostel Facilities, etc. Also given are ‘Faculty Strength’, commencement of academic session and System of Examination. Information lon 34 non-university institutions, the programmes of which have been recognized by AIU and list of institutions conducting PGDM recognized by AIU as equivalent to MBA. PP 348+xxvi Paper Back (Rs 300/- + Postal charges Rs 25/- each) Rush pre-paid orders to:- Publication & Sales Division Association of Indian Universities AIU House, 16 Comrade Indrajit Gupta Marg (Kotla Marg) New Delhi 110002 EPABX 23230059 FAX 011-23232131 E-Mail: publicationsales@ai Website: http://www.aiu.ac. UNIVERSITY NEWS, 55(06) FEBRUARY 06-12, 2017 25