RESPONSE TECHNIQUE

Title Autoclave hospital waste Summary Information on the process of sterilizati

on of medical waste, disposal of it, legal proceedings and the estimated value o
f investment. Keywords Trash hospital; decontamination autoclave, investment, le
galization, legislation, equipment subject to hazardous waste collection demand
information about the process of sterilization of medical waste, disposal of it,
legal proceedings and the estimated value of investment. Waste solution present
ed Introduction of health services, more commonly known as hospital waste, are t
he tailings resulting from activities carried on services related to health care
or feed, generated not only in hospitals but also in clinics, laboratories, den
tal offices and veterinarians, pharmacies, clinics and other similar, given its
characteristics offer risk of contamination and thus require management processe
s, requiring no treatment or prior to its final disposition. The hospital waste,
also known technically as solid waste from health services, or the initials RS-
SS, because of its peculiarities and potentially dangerous characteristics. Unfo
rtunately, the amount of research on the impact of hospital waste and the variou
s techniques used to treat it is still small, even globally, and needs to be fur
ther stimulated. The operation of waste disposal hostitalar costs about six time
s more than that practiced against the trash, so it is necessary attentive monit
oring of the boards of Health Surveillance. Given its potential for transmission
of diseases, hospital waste deserves special care at the time of disposal. The
septic waste autoclave should go to hospital or septic ditches or be incinerated
(incineration is different from burning, as is done in special machines and not
just by fire). There is a difference in the final destination and waste treatme
nt. Treatment is necessary to final destination, where for each type of waste tr
eatment exists and a specific destination. 1
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The autoclave is a heat treatment is to keep the contaminated material under pre
ssure at elevated temperature by contact with water vapor over a period of about
40 minutes to destroy all pathogens. Then, the garbage is ground and can be dis
posed in septic ditches, as there is no more danger of contamination. The autocl
ave is used for solid waste in Group A as biowaste (culture, inoculations and ot
her), blood and blood products, surgical, anatomical and pathological exudates,
except for anatomical parts of larger volume, drill cutting waste, and waste res
ulting of patient care as secretions and excretions and others. Should be exclud
ed from the waste class A.5 infected animal, although the system can be efficien
t for small animal parts, the volume and mass of whole animals can prevent prope
r sterilization. The system is equally suitable for use in remote production uni
ts, consisting of hospitals, blood banks, customs and others, such as centralize
d plants for treatment. Garbage must be collected in plastic bags class II, milk
y white in color, as specification of standard ABNT, or in appropriate container
s in the case of drill cutting. The trash bags are deposited in a specific area
under the cover of the treatment area. In the process of handling these bags are
placed in boxes (containers) without metal cover, without having to open them.
During the sterilization phase, with high temperature in the chamber, these bags
are destroyed, allowing the contact of steam with the waste to be sterilized. A
utoclaves for up to 1,500 liters, the containers are moved and placed inside the
chamber of the autoclave by car with wheels. In systems with higher capacity of
handling containers and their placement in the chamber can be made by crawlers.
These mats can be moved towards the axis of rotation through the rails, allowin
g position them at the entrance of the chamber of autoclaves. After the cycle, t
he containers are removed from the chamber and an automatic lifting system, with
paddles to fit the handles of the same, will dump the contents in the sterilize
d feeding hopper of a crusher blades. Autoclaves in this small action is aided b
y manual or mechanical lifting system manual override. The waste is then crushed
and is ready to be sent to a landfill for final disposal. In this process,€the
volume of waste is reduced by 70-80% of the initial volume. The crusher can dum
p the treated product directly on the containers used to collect trash or carts,
if there is a difference in height between the units. Another possible way is m
anual loading with the collection of garbage in plastic bags and placed under th
e crusher. The waste ground, bagged or in containers must be stored on impermeab
le base with trim for collection box to collect the leachate that is formed by c
hance and allow their treatment by chemicals. Liquids that result from the washi
ng of containers and garbage disposal should be referred to the same collection
box. The treated effluent can be directed to the sewage system or septic tanks s
ettling. Importantly, these effluents have only organic load, which must be addr
essed, but are free of contamination. Sterilization process The process starts w
ith pre-pulses of vacuum and pressure, to withdraw the air from the chamber. Thi
s air is removed by a 0.1 micron filter of health retaining the bacteria
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present. After this pretreatment the steam is injected into the chamber to allow
for proper sterilization. The process concludes with the drying of the cargo th
us allowing the removal of it without splashing. Note: The drying will be effect
ive depending on the type of load and exposure time. All fluids used during the
process have their flow in a closed system, thereby avoiding environmental conta
mination. The waste can still pass through a distortion through compression or g
rinding. After loading the autoclave, starts the sterilization cycle. Phase wrap
ping / Pre-vacuum: this first phase consists of a pulse of vacuum to remove air
from the chamber. This pulse of vacuum is achieved by driving the vacuum pump. C
am Up: Cut off the excess air in the chamber begins to phase path is made up whe
re the increase in temperature in the chamber and the homogenization temperature
chosen for the cycle. This phase is accomplished by injecting saturated steam i
n the chamber of the equipment. Exposure: In the cycle for garbage provided for
a phase of exposure of 15 minutes at 150 º C. The process was validated for a 1
0 minute exposure, 30% less than the exposure time, the cycle being studied were
able to reduce the population of a biological indicator in 6.5 to 7 log cycles.
The indicator used was Bacillus stearotermóphilus, the most resistant to the a
ction of steam. Other methods of treatment are also considered clean (clean) as
the microwave, will allow a significantly lower mortality, resulting in a lower
security process. Depletion / Drying: In the final phase is made again a vacuum
pulse in order to eliminate steam and condensate from the walls of the chamber.
Fluid removed from the chamber will be sterile and should be forwarded to collec
tion bin and thence to the sewer. Monitoring: The system used for monitoring the
process is similar to those used in the control of hospital sterilization. Biol
ogical and chemical indicators were developed specifically for the temperature u
sed. Complement the treatment system. Containers to load the chamber;. Steam gen
erator (in case there is no boiler itself) to the gas for the large autoclaves a
nd electric for the small businesses;. Lift Containers (only in large. The eleva
tion is manual in small autoclaves). Grinder. Waste management should be made to
draw up a set of rules involving:. Waste segregation at source in appropriate c
ontainers and labeled in compliance with standards;. internal collection from th
e generating source to the temporary storage. pre-treatment (sterilization, deca
y, etc.). internal collection of temporary storage to external storage;. recycli
ng;. external collection;. final disposition. . professionals in providing maid
service hospital waste must be 3
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trained to work with proper security, to prevent accidents and eliminate the ris
k of contamination. packaging waste must be in bags and / or waterproof containe
rs, resistant to breakage and leaks, counting identifying the contents;. the int
ernal and external storage and transportation of waste must follow the rules of
the organs of public sanitation. According to Brazilian Legislation Legislation
CONAMA Resolution No. 385/05 National Council on the Environment,€rests with ge
redores RSS and legal guardian waste management, from generation to final dispos
al, in order to meet environmental requirements and public and occupational heal
th. According to Resolution RDC No. 33/2003 ANVISA National Agency for Sanitary
Surveillance, the waste of health care services are classified into five groups.
Group A: potentially infectious;. Group B: Chemical;. Group C: Radioactive wast
e;. Group D: Common waste;. Group E: sharps. Not all groups that pose a risk of
contamination, and are only those that require different treatment. Conclusions
and recommendations The investments required will depend upon the amount of wast
e being treated, number of employees and number of equipment (the suppliers may
inform the value thereof). Before the installation should be consulted: the Depa
rtment of the Environment of their city; ANVISA National Agency for Sanitary Vig
ilance and do read the legislation (mentioned above). Should also be acquired to
the ABNT relevant to the sector (the standards are not paid and are available f
or viewing online). FACTBOX sources consulted. Proper disposal of waste. Availab
le at: <http://www.cecae.usp.br/recicla/saibaDestinacao.asp.htm>. Acesso em: 10
jan. 2007. DIARY OF THE FEDERAL SENATE. December 2004. Available at: <http://www
.senado.gov.br/web/cegraf/pdf/21122004/44472.pdf>. Acesso em: 10 jan. 2007. WAST
E MANAGEMENT OF HEALTH SERVICES IN THE INCA. Available at: <http://www.sindhrio.
org.br/seminarios/2003/02-1003/Apresentacao%20Sindhrio2.ppt#256,1,Slide1>. Acess
o em: 10 jan. 2006. BAUMER. MWTS Waste autoclave treatment system for treating i
nfectious waste. Available at: <http://www.baumer.com.br/mwts/Portugues/Mwt_Tecn
ico.htm>. Acesso em: 10 jan. 2007. Made by Lilian Warrior Institution Name answe
rer REDETEC Technology Network of Rio de January 4
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Completion date 11 jan. 2007
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