BIG DATA WITH HADOOP, HDFS & MAPREDUCE (Hands On Training)

One Days Workshop on BIG DATA WITH HADOOP, HDFS & MAPREDUCE (Hands on Training)
One Day Workshop

on
BIG DATA WITH HADOOP, HDFS & MAPREDUCE
(Hands on Training)
Organized By
Department of Computer Science and Engineering,
K.Ramakrishnan College of Technology, Trichy
4th March 2017
Resource Person
Mr.D.Kesavaraja M.E , MBA, (PhD) , MISTE
Assistant Professor,
Department of Computer Science and Engineering,
Dr.Sivanthi Aditanar College of Engineering
Tiruchendur - 628215
ABOUT THE WORKSHOP
This workshop focuses on facilitating the students and faculties to

gain experience to solve the Big Data Problem by Hadoop. Hadoop is an
open source set of tools, based on Java based programming framework,
distributed under apache license. The main objective of Hadoop is to
support running of applications on BIG DATA.
TOPICS TO BE DISCUSSED
Hadoop and its Characteristics
Architecture of Hadoop and HDFS
Hadoop Installation
HDFS Demo
Java Programming in HDFS
Map Reduce Demo
Advantages & Limitations of Hadoop
Job Opportunities in Big Data & Hadoop
Presented By D.Kesavaraja www.k7cloud.in 1|Page

Hands on - Live Experiments

E-Resources , Forums and Groups.
Discussion and Clarifications
Knowing is not enough
We must apply
Willing is not enough
We must do
More Details Visit : www.k7cloud.in
: http://k7training.blogspot.in
*************
Setup the one node Apache Hadoop Cluster in CentOS 7

Aim :
To find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster.
Introduction :

Apache Hadoop is an Open Source framework build for distributed Big Data storage
and processing data across computer clusters. The project is based on the following
components:
1. Hadoop Common it contains the Java libraries and utilities needed by other
Hadoop modules.
2. HDFS Hadoop Distributed File System A Java based scalable file system
distributed across multiple nodes.
3. MapReduce YARN framework for parallel big data processing.
4. Hadoop YARN: A framework for cluster resource management.
Procedure :
Step 1: Install Java on CentOS 7

1. Before proceeding with Java installation, first login with root user or a user with
root privileges setup your machine hostname with the following command.
# hostnamectl set-hostname master
Set Hostname in CentOS 7

Also, add a new record in hosts file with your own machine FQDN to point to your
system IP Address.
# vi /etc/hosts
Add the below line:
192.168.1.41 master.hadoop.lan

Set Hostname in /etc/hosts File

Replace the above hostname and FQDN records with your own settings.
2. Next, go to Oracle Java download page and grab the latest version of Java SE
Development Kit 8 on your system with the help of curl command:
# curl -LO -H "Cookie: oraclelicense=accept-securebackup-cookie"
http://download.oracle.com/otn-pub/java/jdk/8u92-b14/jdk-8u92-linux-x64.rpm
Download Java SE Development Kit 8

3. After the Java binary download finishes, install the package by issuing the below
command:
# rpm -Uvh jdk-8u92-linux-x64.rpm
Install Java in CentOS 7

Step 2: Install Hadoop Framework in CentOS 7
4. Next, create a new user account on your system without root powers which well
use it for Hadoop installation path and working environment. The new account home
directory will reside in /opt/hadoop directory.

# useradd -d /opt/hadoop hadoop

# passwd hadoop
5. On the next step visit Apache Hadoop page in order to get the link for the latest
stable version and download the archive on your system.
# curl -O http://apache.javapipe.com/hadoop/common/hadoop-2.7.2/hadoop-
2.7.2.tar.gz
Download Hadoop Package

6. Extract the archive the copy the directory content to hadoop account home path.
Also, make sure you change the copied files permissions accordingly.
# tar xfz hadoop-2.7.2.tar.gz
# cp -rf hadoop-2.7.2/* /opt/hadoop/
# chown -R hadoop:hadoop /opt/hadoop/
Extract-and Set Permissions on Hadoop

7. Next, login with hadoop user and configure Hadoop and Java Environment
Variables on your system by editing the .bash_profile file.
# su - hadoop
$ vi .bash_profile
Append the following lines at the end of the file:
## JAVA env variables
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/default
export PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin

export
CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/jre/lib:$JAVA_HOME/lib:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar
## HADOOP env variables
export HADOOP_HOME=/opt/hadoop
export HADOOP_COMMON_HOME=$HADOOP_HOME
export HADOOP_HDFS_HOME=$HADOOP_HOME
export HADOOP_MAPRED_HOME=$HADOOP_HOME
export HADOOP_YARN_HOME=$HADOOP_HOME
export HADOOP_OPTS="-Djava.library.path=$HADOOP_HOME/lib/native"
export HADOOP_COMMON_LIB_NATIVE_DIR=$HADOOP_HOME/lib/native
export PATH=$PATH:$HADOOP_HOME/sbin:$HADOOP_HOME/bin
Configure Hadoop and Java Environment Variables

8. Now, initialize the environment variables and check their status by issuing the
below commands:
$ source .bash_profile
$ echo $HADOOP_HOME
$ echo $JAVA_HOME

Initialize Linux Environment Variables

9. Finally, configure ssh key based authentication for hadoop account by running the
below commands (replace the hostname or FQDN against the ssh-copy-
id command accordingly).
Also, leave the passphrase filed blank in order to automatically login via ssh.
$ ssh-keygen -t rsa
$ ssh-copy-id master.hadoop.lan
Configure SSH Key Based Authentication

Step 3: Configure Hadoop in CentOS 7
10. Now its time to setup Hadoop cluster on a single node in a pseudo distributed
mode by editing its configuration files.
The location of hadoop configuration files is $HADOOP_HOME/etc/hadoop/, which is
represented in this tutorial by hadoop account home directory (/opt/hadoop/) path.
Once youre logged in with user hadoop you can start editing the following
configuration file.
The first to edit is core-site.xml file. This file contains information about the port
number used by Hadoop instance, file system allocated memory, data store memory
limit and the size of Read/Write buffers.

$ vi etc/hadoop/core-site.xml
Add the following properties between <configuration> ...

</configuration> tags. Use localhost or your machine FQDN for hadoop instance.
<property>
<name>fs.defaultFS</name>
<value>hdfs://master.hadoop.lan:9000/</value>
</property>
Configure Hadoop Cluster

11. Next open and edit hdfs-site.xml file. The file contains information about the
value of replication data, namenode path and datanode path for local file systems.
$ vi etc/hadoop/hdfs-site.xml
Here add the following properties between <configuration> ...

</configuration> tags. On this guide well use/opt/volume/ directory to store our
hadoop file system.
Replace the dfs.data.dir and dfs.name.dir values accordingly.
<property>
<name>dfs.data.dir</name>
<value>file:///opt/volume/datanode</value>
</property>

<property>
<name>dfs.name.dir</name>
<value>file:///opt/volume/namenode</value>
</property>
Configure Hadoop Storage

12. Because weve specified /op/volume/ as our hadoop file system storage, we
need to create those two directories (datanode and namenode) from root account
and grant all permissions to hadoop account by executing the below commands.
$ su root
# mkdir -p /opt/volume/namenode
# mkdir -p /opt/volume/datanode
# chown -R hadoop:hadoop /opt/volume/
# ls -al /opt/ #Verify permissions
# exit #Exit root account to turn back to hadoop user

Configure Hadoop System Storage

13. Next, create the mapred-site.xml file to specify that we are using yarn
MapReduce framework.
$ vi etc/hadoop/mapred-site.xml
Add the following excerpt to mapred-site.xml file:
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="configuration.xsl"?>
<configuration>
<property>
<name>mapreduce.framework.name</name>
<value>yarn</value>
</property>
</configuration>
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Set Yarn MapReduce Framework

14. Now, edit yarn-site.xml file with the below statements enclosed
between <configuration> ... </configuration> tags:
$ vi etc/hadoop/yarn-site.xml
Add the following excerpt to yarn-site.xml file:
<property>
<name>yarn.nodemanager.aux-services</name>
<value>mapreduce_shuffle</value>
</property>
Add Yarn Configuration

15. Finally, set Java home variable for Hadoop environment by editing the below line
from hadoop-env.sh file.
$ vi etc/hadoop/hadoop-env.sh
Edit the following line to point to your Java system path.
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/default/

Set Java Home Variable for Hadoop

16. Also, replace the localhost value from slaves file to point to your machine
hostname set up at the beginning of this tutorial.
$ vi etc/hadoop/slaves
Step 4: Format Hadoop Namenode
17. Once hadoop single node cluster has been setup its time to initialize HDFS file
system by formatting the /opt/volume/namenode storage directory with the
following command:
$ hdfs namenode -format

Format Hadoop Namenode
Hadoop Namenode Formatting Process

Step 5: Start and Test Hadoop Cluster
18. The Hadoop commands are located in $HADOOP_HOME/sbin directory. In
order to start Hadoop services run the below commands on your console:
$ start-dfs.sh
$ start-yarn.sh

Check the services status with the following command.

$ jps
Start and Test Hadoop Cluster

Alternatively, you can view a list of all open sockets for Apache Hadoop on your
system using the ss command.
$ ss -tul
$ ss -tuln # Numerical output

Check Apache Hadoop Sockets

19. To test hadoop file system cluster create a random directory in the HDFS file
system and copy a file from local file system to HDFS storage (insert data to HDFS).
$ hdfs dfs -mkdir /my_storage
$ hdfs dfs -put LICENSE.txt /my_storage
Check Hadoop Filesystem Cluster

To view a file content or list a directory inside HDFS file system issue the below
commands:
$ hdfs dfs -cat /my_storage/LICENSE.txt
$ hdfs dfs -ls /my_storage/

List Hadoop Filesystem Content
Check Hadoop Filesystem Directory

To retrieve data from HDFS to our local file system use the below command:
$ hdfs dfs -get /my_storage/ ./
Copy Hadoop Filesystem Data to Local System

Get the full list of HDFS command options by issuing:
$ hdfs dfs -help
Step 6: Browse Hadoop Services
20. In order to access Hadoop services from a remote browser visit the following
links (replace the IP Address of FQDN accordingly). Also, make sure the below ports
are open on your system firewall.
For Hadoop Overview of NameNode service.
http://192.168.1.41:50070

Access Hadoop Services

For Hadoop file system browsing (Directory Browse).
http://192.168.1.41:50070/explorer.html
Hadoop Filesystem Directory Browsing

For Cluster and Apps Information (ResourceManager).
http://192.168.1.41:8088

Hadoop Cluster Applications

For NodeManager Information.
http://192.168.1.41:8042
Hadoop NodeManager
Step 7: Manage Hadoop Services
21. To stop all hadoop instances run the below commands:
$ stop-yarn.sh
$ stop-dfs.sh

Stop Hadoop Services

22. In order to enable Hadoop daemons system-wide, login with root user,
open /etc/rc.local file for editing and add the below lines:
$ su - root
# vi /etc/rc.local
Add these excerpt to rc.local file.
su - hadoop -c "/opt/hadoop/sbin/start-dfs.sh"
su - hadoop -c "/opt/hadoop/sbin/start-yarn.sh"
exit 0
Enable Hadoop Services at System-Boot

Then, add executable permissions for rc.local file and enable, start and check
service status by issuing the below commands:
$ chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.local
$ systemctl enable rc-local
$ systemctl start rc-local
$ systemctl status rc-local
Enable and Check Hadoop Services

Thats it! Next time you reboot your machine the Hadoop services will be
automatically started for you!
Using FileSystem API to read and write data to

HDFS
Reading data from and writing data to Hadoop Distributed File System
(HDFS) can be done in a lot of ways. Now let us start by using the FileSystem
API to create and write to a file in HDFS, followed by an application to read a file
from HDFS and write it back to the local file system.
Step 1: Once you have downloaded a test dataset, we can write an application to
read a file from the local file system and write the contents to Hadoop Distributed
File System.
import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configured;
import org.apache.hadoop.util.Tool;
import java.io.BufferedInputStream;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;

import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.FileSystem;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.IOUtils;
import org.apache.hadoop.util.ToolRunner;
public class HdfsWriter extends Configured implements Tool {
public static final String FS_PARAM_NAME = "fs.defaultFS";
public int run(String[] args) throws Exception {
if (args.length < 2) {
System.err.println("HdfsWriter [local input path] [hdfs output path]");
return 1;
}
String localInputPath = args[0];

Path outputPath = new Path(args[1]);
Configuration conf = getConf();

System.out.println("configured filesystem = " + conf.get(FS_PARAM_NAME));
FileSystem fs = FileSystem.get(conf);
if (fs.exists(outputPath)) {
System.err.println("output path exists");
return 1;
}
OutputStream os = fs.create(outputPath);
InputStream is = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(localInputPath));
IOUtils.copyBytes(is, os, conf);
return 0;
}
public static void main( String[] args ) throws Exception {

int returnCode = ToolRunner.run(new HdfsWriter(), args);
System.exit(returnCode);
}
}
Step 2: Export the Jar file and run the code from terminal to write a sample file to
HDFS.
[root@localhost student]# vi HdfsWriter.java
[root@localhost student]# /usr/java/jdk1.8.0_91/bin/javac HdfsWriter.java
[root@localhost student]# /usr/java/jdk1.8.0_91/bin/jar cvfe HdfsWriter.jar
HdfsWriter HdfsWriter.class
[root@localhost student]# hadoop jar HdfsWriter.jar a.txt kkk.txt
configured filesystem = hdfs://localhost:9000/
[root@localhost student]# hadoop jar HdfsReader.jar /user/root/kkk.txt kesava.txt

Step 3: Verify whether the file is written into HDFS and check the contents of the
file.
[training@localhost ~]$ hadoop fs -cat /user/training/HdfsWriter_sample.txt
Step 4: Next, we write an application to read the file we just created in Hadoop
Distributed File System and write its contents back to the local file system.
import java.io.BufferedOutputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.FileSystem;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.IOUtils;
public class HdfsReader extends Configured implements Tool {
public static final String FS_PARAM_NAME = "fs.defaultFS";
public int run(String[] args) throws Exception {
if (args.length < 2) {
System.err.println("HdfsReader [hdfs input path] [local output path]");
return 1;
}
Path inputPath = new Path(args[0]);

String localOutputPath = args[1];
System.out.println("configured filesystem = " + conf.get(FS_PARAM_NAME));
FileSystem fs = FileSystem.get(conf);
InputStream is = fs.open(inputPath);
OutputStream os = new BufferedOutputStream(new
FileOutputStream(localOutputPath));
IOUtils.copyBytes(is, os, conf);
return 0;
}
public static void main( String[] args ) throws Exception {

int returnCode = ToolRunner.run(new HdfsReader(), args);
System.exit(returnCode);
}
}
Step 5: Export the Jar file and run the code from terminal to write a sample file to
HDFS.
[root@localhost student]# vi HdfsReader.java
[root@localhost student]# /usr/java/jdk1.8.0_91/bin/javac HdfsReader.java
[root@localhost student]# /usr/java/jdk1.8.0_91/bin/jar cvfe HdfsReader.jar
HdfsReader HdfsReader.class

[root@localhost student]# hadoop jar HdfsReader.jar /user/root/kkk.txt sample.txt

Step 6: Verify whether the file is written back into local file system.
[training@localhost ~]$ hadoop fs -cat /user/training/HdfsWriter_sample.txt
Hadoop - MapReduce
MapReduce is a framework using which we can write applications to process huge
amounts of data, in parallel, on large clusters of commodity hardware in a reliable
manner.
What is MapReduce?
MapReduce is a processing technique and a program model for distributed computing
based on java. The MapReduce algorithm contains two important tasks, namely Map
and Reduce. Map takes a set of data and converts it into another set of data, where
individual elements are broken down into tuples (key/value pairs). Secondly, reduce
task, which takes the output from a map as an input and combines those data tuples
into a smaller set of tuples. As the sequence of the name MapReduce implies, the
reduce task is always performed after the map job.
The major advantage of MapReduce is that it is easy to scale data processing over
multiple computing nodes. Under the MapReduce model, the data processing
primitives are called mappers and reducers. Decomposing a data processing
application into mappers and reducers is sometimes nontrivial. But, once we write an
application in the MapReduce form, scaling the application to run over hundreds,
thousands, or even tens of thousands of machines in a cluster is merely a
configuration change. This simple scalability is what has attracted many programmers
to use the MapReduce model.
The Algorithm
Generally MapReduce paradigm is based on sending the computer to where
the data resides!
MapReduce program executes in three stages, namely map stage, shuffle
stage, and reduce stage.
o Map stage : The map or mappers job is to process the input data.
Generally the input data is in the form of file or directory and is stored
in the Hadoop file system (HDFS). The input file is passed to the mapper
function line by line. The mapper processes the data and creates several
small chunks of data.
o Reduce stage : This stage is the combination of the Shuffle stage and
the Reduce stage. The Reducers job is to process the data that comes
from the mapper. After processing, it produces a new set of output,
which will be stored in the HDFS.
During a MapReduce job, Hadoop sends the Map and Reduce tasks to the
appropriate servers in the cluster.
The framework manages all the details of data-passing such as issuing tasks,
verifying task completion, and copying data around the cluster between the
nodes.
Most of the computing takes place on nodes with data on local disks that
reduces the network traffic.

After completion of the given tasks, the cluster collects and reduces the data
to form an appropriate result, and sends it back to the Hadoop server.
Inputs and Outputs (Java Perspective)

The MapReduce framework operates on <key, value> pairs, that is, the framework
views the input to the job as a set of <key, value> pairs and produces a set of <key,
value> pairs as the output of the job, conceivably of different types.
The key and the value classes should be in serialized manner by the framework and
hence, need to implement the Writable interface. Additionally, the key classes have
to implement the Writable-Comparable interface to facilitate sorting by the
framework. Input and Output types of a MapReduce job: (Input) <k1, v1> -> map -
> <k2, v2>-> reduce -> <k3, v3>(Output).
Input Output
Map <k1, v1> list (<k2, v2>)
Reduce <k2, list(v2)> list (<k3, v3>)

Terminology
PayLoad - Applications implement the Map and the Reduce functions, and
form the core of the job.
Mapper - Mapper maps the input key/value pairs to a set of intermediate
key/value pair.
NamedNode - Node that manages the Hadoop Distributed File System
(HDFS).
DataNode - Node where data is presented in advance before any processing
takes place.
MasterNode - Node where JobTracker runs and which accepts job requests
from clients.
SlaveNode - Node where Map and Reduce program runs.
JobTracker - Schedules jobs and tracks the assign jobs to Task tracker.
Task Tracker - Tracks the task and reports status to JobTracker.
Job - A program is an execution of a Mapper and Reducer across a dataset.
Task - An execution of a Mapper or a Reducer on a slice of data.
Task Attempt - A particular instance of an attempt to execute a task on a
SlaveNode.

Example Scenario
Given below is the data regarding the electrical consumption of an organization. It
contains the monthly electrical consumption and the annual average for various
years.
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Avg
1979 23 23 2 43 24 25 26 26 26 26 25 26 25
1980 26 27 28 28 28 30 31 31 31 30 30 30 29
1981 31 32 32 32 33 34 35 36 36 34 34 34 34
1984 39 38 39 39 39 41 42 43 40 39 38 38 40
1985 38 39 39 39 39 41 41 41 00 40 39 39 45
If the above data is given as input, we have to write applications to process it and
produce results such as finding the year of maximum usage, year of minimum usage,
and so on. This is a walkover for the programmers with finite number of records.
They will simply write the logic to produce the required output, and pass the data to
the application written.
But, think of the data representing the electrical consumption of all the largescale
industries of a particular state, since its formation.
When we write applications to process such bulk data,
They will take a lot of time to execute.
There will be a heavy network traffic when we move data from source to
network server and so on.
To solve these problems, we have the MapReduce framework.
Input Data
The above data is saved as sample.txtand given as input. The input file looks as
shown below.
1979 23 23 2 43 24 25 26 26 26 26 25 26 25
1980 26 27 28 28 28 30 31 31 31 30 30 30 29
1981 31 32 32 32 33 34 35 36 36 34 34 34 34
1984 39 38 39 39 39 41 42 43 40 39 38 38 40
1985 38 39 39 39 39 41 41 41 00 40 39 39 45
Example Program
Given below is the program to the sample data using MapReduce framework.
package hadoop;
import java.util.*;
import java.io.IOException;
import org.apache.hadoop.conf.*;

import org.apache.hadoop.io.*;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.*;
import org.apache.hadoop.util.*;
public class ProcessUnits

{
//Mapper class
public static class E_EMapper extends MapReduceBase implements
Mapper<LongWritable ,/*Input key Type */
Text, /*Input value Type*/
Text, /*Output key Type*/
IntWritable> /*Output value Type*/
{
//Map function
public void map(LongWritable key, Text value,
OutputCollector<Text, IntWritable> output,
Reporter reporter) throws IOException
{
String line = value.toString();
String lasttoken = null;
StringTokenizer s = new StringTokenizer(line,"\t");
String year = s.nextToken();
while(s.hasMoreTokens())
{
lasttoken=s.nextToken();
}
int avgprice = Integer.parseInt(lasttoken);

output.collect(new Text(year), new IntWritable(avgprice));
}
}
//Reducer class
public static class E_EReduce extends MapReduceBase implements
Reducer< Text, IntWritable, Text, IntWritable >
{
//Reduce function
public void reduce( Text key, Iterator <IntWritable> values,
OutputCollector<Text, IntWritable> output, Reporter reporter) throws
IOException
{
int maxavg=30;
int val=Integer.MIN_VALUE;

while (values.hasNext())
{
if((val=values.next().get())>maxavg)
{
output.collect(key, new IntWritable(val));
}
}
}
}
//Main function
public static void main(String args[])throws Exception
{
JobConf conf = new JobConf(ProcessUnits.class);
conf.setJobName("max_eletricityunits");
conf.setOutputKeyClass(Text.class);
conf.setOutputValueClass(IntWritable.class);
conf.setMapperClass(E_EMapper.class);
conf.setCombinerClass(E_EReduce.class);
conf.setReducerClass(E_EReduce.class);
conf.setInputFormat(TextInputFormat.class);
conf.setOutputFormat(TextOutputFormat.class);
FileInputFormat.setInputPaths(conf, new Path(args[0]));

FileOutputFormat.setOutputPath(conf, new Path(args[1]));
JobClient.runJob(conf);
}
}
Save the above program as ProcessUnits.java. The compilation and execution of
the program is explained below.
Compilation and Execution of Process Units Program
Let us assume we are in the home directory of a Hadoop user (e.g. /home/hadoop).
Follow the steps given below to compile and execute the above program.
Step 1
The following command is to create a directory to store the compiled java classes.
$ mkdir units
Step 2
Download Hadoop-core-1.2.1.jar, which is used to compile and execute the
MapReduce program. Visit the following
link http://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.hadoop/hadoop-core/1.2.1 to
download the jar. Let us assume the downloaded folder is /home/hadoop/.

Step 3
The following commands are used for compiling the ProcessUnits.java program
and creating a jar for the program.
$ javac -classpath hadoop-core-1.2.1.jar -d units ProcessUnits.java
$ jar -cvf units.jar -C units/ .
Step 4
The following command is used to create an input directory in HDFS.
$HADOOP_HOME/bin/hadoop fs -mkdir input_dir
Step 5
The following command is used to copy the input file named sample.txtin the input
directory of HDFS.
$HADOOP_HOME/bin/hadoop fs -put /home/hadoop/sample.txt input_dir
Step 6
The following command is used to verify the files in the input directory.
$HADOOP_HOME/bin/hadoop fs -ls input_dir/
Step 7
The following command is used to run the Eleunit_max application by taking the input
files from the input directory.
$HADOOP_HOME/bin/hadoop jar units.jar hadoop.ProcessUnits input_dir output_dir
Wait for a while until the file is executed. After execution, as shown below, the output
will contain the number of input splits, the number of Map tasks, the number of
reducer tasks, etc.
INFO mapreduce.Job: Job job_1414748220717_0002
completed successfully
14/10/31 06:02:52
INFO mapreduce.Job: Counters: 49
File System Counters
FILE: Number of bytes read=61

FILE: Number of bytes written=279400
FILE: Number of read operations=0
FILE: Number of large read operations=0
FILE: Number of write operations=0
HDFS: Number of bytes read=546
HDFS: Number of bytes written=40
HDFS: Number of read operations=9
HDFS: Number of large read operations=0
HDFS: Number of write operations=2 Job Counters
Launched map tasks=2

Launched reduce tasks=1
Data-local map tasks=2
Total time spent by all maps in occupied slots (ms)=146137

Total time spent by all reduces in occupied slots (ms)=441

Total time spent by all map tasks (ms)=14613
Total time spent by all reduce tasks (ms)=44120
Total vcore-seconds taken by all map tasks=146137
Total vcore-seconds taken by all reduce tasks=44120

Total megabyte-seconds taken by all map tasks=149644288
Total megabyte-seconds taken by all reduce tasks=45178880
Map-Reduce Framework
Map input records=5

Map output records=5
Map output bytes=45
Map output materialized bytes=67
Input split bytes=208
Combine input records=5
Combine output records=5
Reduce input groups=5
Reduce shuffle bytes=6
Reduce input records=5
Reduce output records=5
Spilled Records=10
Shuffled Maps =2
Failed Shuffles=0
Merged Map outputs=2
GC time elapsed (ms)=948
CPU time spent (ms)=5160
Physical memory (bytes) snapshot=47749120
Virtual memory (bytes) snapshot=2899349504
Total committed heap usage (bytes)=277684224
File Output Format Counters
Bytes Written=40
Step 8
The following command is used to verify the resultant files in the output folder.
$HADOOP_HOME/bin/hadoop fs -ls output_dir/
Step 9
The following command is used to see the output in Part-00000 file. This file is
generated by HDFS.
$HADOOP_HOME/bin/hadoop fs -cat output_dir/part-00000
Below is the output generated by the MapReduce program.
1981 34
1984 40

1985 45
Step 10
The following command is used to copy the output folder from HDFS to the local file
system for analyzing.
$HADOOP_HOME/bin/hadoop fs -cat output_dir/part-00000/bin/hadoop dfs get
output_dir /home/hadoop
Important Commands
All Hadoop commands are invoked by
the $HADOOP_HOME/bin/hadoop command. Running the Hadoop script without
any arguments prints the description for all commands.
Usage : hadoop [--config confdir] COMMAND
The following table lists the options available and their description.
Options Description
namenode -format Formats the DFS filesystem.
secondarynamenode Runs the DFS secondary namenode.
namenode Runs the DFS namenode.
datanode Runs a DFS datanode.
dfsadmin Runs a DFS admin client.
mradmin Runs a Map-Reduce admin client.
fsck Runs a DFS filesystem checking utility.
fs Runs a generic filesystem user client.
balancer Runs a cluster balancing utility.
oiv Applies the offline fsimage viewer to an fsimage.
fetchdt Fetches a delegation token from the NameNode.
jobtracker Runs the MapReduce job Tracker node.
pipes Runs a Pipes job.
tasktracker Runs a MapReduce task Tracker node.
historyserver Runs job history servers as a standalone daemon.
job Manipulates the MapReduce jobs.
queue Gets information regarding JobQueues.

version Prints the version.
jar <jar> Runs a jar file.
distcp <srcurl> <desturl> Copies file or directories recursively.
distcp2 <srcurl> <desturl> DistCp version 2.
archive -archiveName Creates a hadoop archive.

NAME -p
<parent path> <src>*

<dest>
classpath Prints the class path needed to get the Hadoop jar
and the required libraries.
daemonlog Get/Set the log level for each daemon

How to Interact with MapReduce Jobs
Usage: hadoop job [GENERIC_OPTIONS]
The following are the Generic Options available in a Hadoop job.
GENERIC_OPTIONS Description
-submit <job-file> Submits the job.
-status <job-id> Prints the map and reduce completion percentage

and all job counters.
-counter <job-id> <group- Prints the counter value.

name> <countername>
-kill <job-id> Kills the job.
-events <job-id> Prints the events' details received by jobtracker for

<fromevent-#> <#-of- the given range.
events>
-history [all] <jobOutputDir> Prints job details, failed and killed tip details. More
- history < jobOutputDir> details about the job such as successful tasks and
task attempts made for each task can be viewed
by specifying the [all] option.
-list[all] Displays all jobs. -list displays only jobs which are
yet to complete.
-kill-task <task-id> Kills the task. Killed tasks are NOT counted against
failed attempts.

-fail-task <task-id> Fails the task. Failed tasks are counted against
failed attempts.
-set-priority <job-id> Changes the priority of the job. Allowed priority

<priority> values are VERY_HIGH, HIGH, NORMAL, LOW,
VERY_LOW
To see the status of job
$ $HADOOP_HOME/bin/hadoop job -status <JOB-ID>
e.g.
$ $HADOOP_HOME/bin/hadoop job -status job_201310191043_0004
To see the history of job output-dir
$ $HADOOP_HOME/bin/hadoop job -history <DIR-NAME>
e.g.
$ $HADOOP_HOME/bin/hadoop job -history /user/expert/output
To kill the job
$ $HADOOP_HOME/bin/hadoop job -kill <JOB-ID>
e.g.
$ $HADOOP_HOME/bin/hadoop job -kill job_201310191043_0004
MAP REDUCE
[student@localhost ~]$ su
Password:
[root@localhost student]# su - hadoop
Last login: Wed Aug 31 10:14:26 IST 2016 on pts/1
[hadoop@localhost ~]$ mkdir mapreduce
[hadoop@localhost ~]$ cd mapreduce
[hadoop@localhost mapreduce]$ vi WordCountMapper.java
import java.util.StringTokenizer;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Mapper;
public class WordCountMapper extends Mapper<LongWritable, Text, Text,
IntWritable>
{
private final static IntWritable one= new IntWritable(1);
private Text word = new Text();
public void map(LongWritable key, Text value, Context context) throws
IOException, InterruptedException
{
String line = value.toString();
StringTokenizer tokenizer = newStringTokenizer (line);

while(tokenizer.hasMoreTokens())
{
word.set(tokenizer.nextToken());
context.write(word,one);
}
}
}
[hadoop@localhost mapreduce]$ vi WordCountReducer.java
import java.util.Iterator;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Reducer;
public class WordCountReducer extends Reducer<Text, IntWritable, Text,

IntWritable>
{
//Reduce method for just outputting the key from mapper as the value from mapper
is just an empty string
public void reduce(Text key, Iterable<IntWritable> values, Context context)
throws IOException, InterruptedException
{
int sum = 0;
//iterates through all the values available with a key and add them
together and give the final result as the key and sum of its values
for (IntWritable value : values)
{
sum += value.get();
}
context.write(key, new IntWritable(sum));
}
}
[hadoop@localhost mapreduce]$ vi WordCount.java
import org.apache.hadoop.io.IntWritable;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Job;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.input.FileInputFormat;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.output.FileOutputFormat;
public class WordCount extends Configured implements Tool

{
public int run(String[] args) throws Exception
{
//getting configuration object and setting job name
Job job = new Job(conf, "Word Count hadoop-0.20");
//setting the class names

job.setJarByClass(WordCount.class);
job.setMapperClass(WordCountMapper.class);
job.setReducerClass(WordCountReducer.class);
//setting the output data type classes

job.setOutputKeyClass(Text.class);
job.setOutputValueClass(IntWritable.class);
//to accept the hdfs input and output dir at run time
FileInputFormat.addInputPath(job, new Path(args[0]));
FileOutputFormat.setOutputPath(job, new Path(args[1]));
return job.waitForCompletion(true) ? 0 : 1;
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception

{
int res = ToolRunner.run(new Configuration(), newWordCount(), args);
System.exit(res);
}
}


BIG DATA WITH HADOOP, HDFS & MAPREDUCE (Hands On Training)

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BIG DATA WITH HADOOP, HDFS & MAPREDUCE (Hands On Training)

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One Days Workshop on BIG DATA WITH HADOOP, HDFS & MAPREDUCE (Hands on Training)

One Day Workshop

ABOUT THE WORKSHOP

This workshop focuses on facilitating the students and faculties to

Hadoop and its Characteristics

Architecture of Hadoop and HDFS

Java Programming in HDFS

Map Reduce Demo

Advantages & Limitations of Hadoop

Job Opportunities in Big Data & Hadoop

Presented By D.Kesavaraja www.k7cloud.in 1|Page

Hands on - Live Experiments

Setup the one node Apache Hadoop Cluster in CentOS 7

Presented By D.Kesavaraja www.k7cloud.in 2|Page

Step 1: Install Java on CentOS 7

Set Hostname in CentOS 7

Presented By D.Kesavaraja www.k7cloud.in 3|Page

Set Hostname in /etc/hosts File

Download Java SE Development Kit 8

Install Java in CentOS 7

Presented By D.Kesavaraja www.k7cloud.in 4|Page

# useradd -d /opt/hadoop hadoop

Download Hadoop Package

Extract-and Set Permissions on Hadoop

Presented By D.Kesavaraja www.k7cloud.in 5|Page

Configure Hadoop and Java Environment Variables

Presented By D.Kesavaraja www.k7cloud.in 6|Page

Initialize Linux Environment Variables

Configure SSH Key Based Authentication

Presented By D.Kesavaraja www.k7cloud.in 7|Page

Add the following properties between <configuration> ...

Configure Hadoop Cluster

Here add the following properties between <configuration> ...

Presented By D.Kesavaraja www.k7cloud.in 8|Page

Configure Hadoop Storage

Presented By D.Kesavaraja www.k7cloud.in 9|Page

Configure Hadoop System Storage

Presented By D.Kesavaraja www.k7cloud.in 10 | P a g e

Set Yarn MapReduce Framework

Add Yarn Configuration

Presented By D.Kesavaraja www.k7cloud.in 11 | P a g e

Set Java Home Variable for Hadoop

Presented By D.Kesavaraja www.k7cloud.in 12 | P a g e

Format Hadoop Namenode

Hadoop Namenode Formatting Process

Presented By D.Kesavaraja www.k7cloud.in 13 | P a g e

Check the services status with the following command.

Start and Test Hadoop Cluster

Presented By D.Kesavaraja www.k7cloud.in 14 | P a g e

Check Apache Hadoop Sockets

Check Hadoop Filesystem Cluster

Presented By D.Kesavaraja www.k7cloud.in 15 | P a g e

List Hadoop Filesystem Content

Check Hadoop Filesystem Directory

Copy Hadoop Filesystem Data to Local System

Presented By D.Kesavaraja www.k7cloud.in 16 | P a g e

Access Hadoop Services

Hadoop Filesystem Directory Browsing

Presented By D.Kesavaraja www.k7cloud.in 17 | P a g e

Hadoop Cluster Applications

Presented By D.Kesavaraja www.k7cloud.in 18 | P a g e

Stop Hadoop Services

Enable Hadoop Services at System-Boot