1. S lc v chun Wifi.

Cc chun mng Wifi chng ta s dng hin nay u thuc b tiu chun IEEE
802.11 i km mt hoc nhiu ch ci pha sau. IEEE l ch vit tt cho
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, tm dch l Hip hi cc k s
in in T, c quan c trch nhim ph chun cu hnh cng nh thc y s
pht trin ca Wifi. T nm 1999 n nay, cc chun mng Wifi c s dng
rng ri bao gm:

(1997) 802.11: Wifi th h th nht, c th mang li tc 1Mbps v

2Mbps, s dng bng tn 2.4GHz ca sng radio hoc hng ngoi.

(1999) 802.11b: Wifi th h th hai, c kh nng mang li tc 11Mbps

bng tn 2.4GHz trn sng radio.

(1999) 802.11A: Wifi th h th ba, tuy nhin n li ra mt cng thi

im vi 802.11b. Chun A mang li tc truyn ti nhanh hn, ln n
54Mbps v s dng bng tn 5GHz nhng li b hn ch v tm ph sng so vi
802.11b.

(2003) 802.11g: Wifi th h th ba, tc truyn ti 54Mbps v s dng

bng tn 2.4GHz.

(2009) 802.11n: Wifi th h th t, tc ti a 600Mbps (trn th trng

ph bin c cc thit b 150Mbps, 300Mbps v 450Mbps). Chun ny c th
hot ng trn c hai bng tn 2.4GHz ln 5GHz v nu router h tr th hai
bng tn ny c th cng c pht sng song song nhau.

(2013) 802.11ac: tc l thuyt hin nay l 1730 Mbps (ng vi bng

thng 80MHz, iu ch 256QAM v 4 lung d liu), mt s mc thp hn
433Mbps, 867Mbps v 1300Mbps v s cn tng.

Chun Wifi 802.11ac

nh hng ca Wifi 802.11ac

Wifi 802.11ac l ci mt s ci tin ng k ca chun Wifi 802.11n. Wifi

802.11ac ra i vi mc ch cung cp mt ng truyn tc cao hn hng
Gigabit:

Cung cp lung truyn data vi tc rt cao.

C bng thng ln m bo cht lng cc dch v vi cht lng

cao.
 Cc thit b s dng chun Wifi 802.11ac c th cung cp nhiu lung d
liu cht lng tt n tt c cc thit b ngi dng trong vng ph sng.

C th truyn lung video cht lng cao

Chun Wifi 802.11ac c tin b hn so vi cc chun wifi c l: bng thng

knh truyn ln hn; gin chm sao dy c hn; cc Access Point c th
hot ng kt hp vi nhau d dng hn.

Hnh 1: Biu cho thy s vt tri ca 802.11ac so vi 802.11n

2. Tng quang v tc tng vt l ca chun wifi 802.11ac

Tc ca truyn dn khng dy ph thuc vo 3 yu t chnh:

Bng thng knh truyn

Mt ca gin chm sao

S lung d liu

Theo nh Hnh 1, chun Wifi 802.11ac u m rng cc yu t trn nhm gia

tng tc truyn dn khng dy.
 Bandwidth x Number x Data Bits Time per = PHY
(as Number per OFDM Data
PHY of Data of Subcarriers Symbol Rate
Subcarriers ) Spatial (bps)
Streams

3.6
microseconds
56 (20 MHz)
(short guard
802.11n
Up to 5/6 x interval)
or 1 to 4
log2(64) = 5
802.11ac 4
microseconds
108 (40
MHz)
(long guard
interval)
234 (80
802.11ac MHz) Up to 5/6 x
5 to 8 log2(256) =
only 2 x 234 6.67
(160 MHz)

Bng 1: Tc ca 802.11n v 802.11ac

Theo Bng 1:

Tc truyn dn tng vt l ca chun wifi 802.11n vi bng thng 40MHz s

dng iu ch 64QAM vi 3 lung d liu v c khong thi gian bo v ngn
10835
8 bits
6
l: =6 00 Mbps
3.6 microseconds

Khi p dng cng s lung d liu nhng chun wifi 802.11ac vi bng thng
80MHz cho tc tng gp 2,16 ln; vi bng thng 160MHz tc tng 4,3
ln. Nhng vic tc tng cng tiu tn nhiu ph tng hn. Hn na, khi chia
nng lng ra truyn gp i s sng mang con th tc truyn cng tng
gp i, nhng khong cch truyn li b gim i.

Tc tng thm ca chun 802.11ac cn ph thuc loi iu ch. S dng

iu ch 256QAM thay v 64QAM cng lm tng tc ln 1,33 ln. Loi iu
8
ch 256QAM c gin chm sao dy c hn 256 = 2 , nhng loi iu ch
ny cng d b nhiu hn. V th, 256QAM c s dng hiu qu nht i vi
khong cch ngn. iu ch 256QAM khng yu cu nhiu ph tng cng nh
nhiu anten hn 64QAM.

Tc truyn khng dy t l vi s lung d liu. Nhng khi s lung d liu

tng thi:

S anten tng: Cc anten nn c t cch nhau vi khong cch bng

1/3 bc sng hoc xa hn

S b kt ni cao tn tng (RF connector).

S kt ni cao tn gia b pht v b thu: tiu tn nhiu nng lng hn,

v th cc thit b di ng phi tiu tn nhiu pin hn. V th cc thit b di
ng thng c gii hn s anten trong khong 1 n 3 anten.

Hnh 2: Tc tng vt l ca cc Access Point vi chun 802.11

Theo nh hnh 2 v bng 1

Tc ti thiu cho php ca chun wifi 802.11ac nhanh gp 4.4 ln so vi

chun 802.11n.

Tc cc i ca Access Point s dng 802.11ac t mc 1.3Gbps gn gp 3

ln tc ca 802.11n
Nhng tc thc t cn ph thuc vo MAC address loi Access Point ca
ngi dng (tc thc t ch di 70% tc cc i) v hiu sut ca Access
Point.
 Numbe
r
of Consteallatio PHY
Nominal Spatial n Guard Data Throughpu
Configuratio Bandwidth Stream Size and Interva Rate t
n (MHz) s Rate l (Mbps) (Mbps)*
802.11a
All 20 1 64QAMr3/4 Long 54 24
802.11n
Amendment 20 1 64QAMr5/6 Long 65 46
Low-end
product
(2.4GHz
only +) 20 1 64QAMr5/6 Short 72 51
Mid-tier
product 40 2 64QAMr5/6 Short 300 210
Max product 40 3 64QAMr5/6 Short 450 320
Amendment
max 40 4 64QAMr5/6 Short 600 420
802.11ac 80MHz
Amendment 80 1 64QAMr5/6 Long 293 210
Low-end
product 80 1 256QAMr5/6 Short 433 300
Mid-tier
product 80 2 256QAMr5/6 Short 867 610
High-end
product 80 3 256QAMr5/6 Short 1300 910
Amendment
max 80 8 256QAMr5/6 Short 3470 2400
802.11ac 160MHz
Low-end
product 160 1 256QAMr5/6 Short 867 610
Mid-tier
product 160 2 256QAMr5/6 Short 1730 1200
High-end
product 160 3 256QAMr5/6 Short 2600 1800
Ultra-high-
end
product 160 4 256QAMr5/6 Short 3470 2400
Amendment
max 160 8 256QAMr5/6 Short 6930 4900
* Gi s efficient MAC t 70%

Bng 2: Cc chun tc ca chun 802.11a; 802.11n; 802.11ac

 3. Tng quang v cng ngh dng trong chun Wifi 802.11ac

Chun Wifi 802.11ac hot ng di tn 5GHz => trnh nhiu bi cc kt ni

khng dy khng phi chun 802.11 hot ng di tn 2.4GHz (kt ni
Bluetooth v l vi sng ). Hn th cc Access Point hot ng di tn 5GHz
cng c th hot ng di tn 2.4GHz, nn cc thit b di ng c th nng
cp hot ng song song c 2 di tn. Do hot ng ng 5GHz nn
trnh c vic ng gia chun 802.11 v 802.15.