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4
Doubly Reinforced
Beams Theory and
Problems
4.9.1 Introduction
This lesson illustrates the application of the theory of doubly reinforced
beams in solving the two types of problems mentioned in Lesson 8. Both the
design and analysis types of problems are solved by (i) direct computation
method, and (ii) using tables of SP-16. The step by step solution of the problems
will help in understanding the theory of Lesson 8 and its application.
wl 2 ( 1.5 ) ( 40.25 ) ( 8 )( 8 )
Factored bending moment = (1.5 ) = = 482.96 kNm
8 8
xu, max
= 0.48 gives xu, max = 0.48 (630) = 302.4 mm
d
= 328.55 kNm
M u, lim
Ast, lim = (6.8)
0.87 f y (d - 0.42 xu, max )
(Please refer to Eqs. 4.1, 4.4, 4.6 and 4.7 of Lesson 8.)
Step 3: Check for minimum and maximum tension and compression steel.
(i) In compression:
0.2
(a) Minimum Asc = (300) (700) = 420 mm 2
100
4
(b) Maximum Asc = (300) (700) = 8400 mm 2
100
Thus, 420 mm2 < 806.517 mm2 < 8400 mm2 . Hence, o.k.
(ii) In tension:
4
(b) Maximum Ast = (300) (700) = 8400 mm 2
100
Here, 387.1 mm2 < 2572.834 mm2 < 8400 mm2 . Hence, o.k.
(i) for Asc: Provide 2-20 T + 2-12 T (= 628 + 226 = 854 mm2)
(ii) for Ast: Provide 4-25 T + 2-20 T (= 1963 + 628 = 2591 mm2)
Mu 482.96 (10 6 ) 70
For this problem, = = 4.056 and d'/d = = 0.11.
bd 2
300 (630) 2
630
Mu
Table 50 of SP-16 gives pt and pc for = 4 and 4.1 and d'/d = 0.1 and 0.15.
b d2
The required pt and pc are determined by linear interpolation. The values are
presented in Table 4.3 to get the final pt and pc of this problem.
These values are close to those obtained by direct computation method where
Ast = 2572.834 mm2 and Asc = 806.517 mm2. Thus, by using table of SP-16 we
= 347.67 kNm
From Table 3.1 of Lesson 5, for fck = 20 N/mm2 and fy = 415 N/mm2,
The required Asc will have the compression force equal to the tensile force as
given by 929 mm2 of Ast2.
Ast 2 (0.87 f y )
So, Asc =
( f sc - f cc )
M u 2 = Asc ( f sc - f cc ) (d - d' )
= 181.12 kNm
Therefore, with Ast = Ast, lim + Ast2 = 2016 + 929 = 2945 mm2 the required
Asc = 977.956 mm2 (much less than the provided 1256 mm2). Hence, o.k.
xu ,max xu ,max
Mu, lim = 0.36 ( ) (1 0.42 ) b d 2 f ck
d d
= 250.51 kNm
Using the value of pt = 1.13 from Table 3.1 of Lesson 5 for fck = 30 N/mm2
and fy = 500 N/mm2,
From Table 4.2 of Lesson 8, for d'/d = 75/500 = 0.15 and fy = 500 N/mm2
, we get fsc = 395 N/mm2
M u2 124.49 (10 6 )
Asc = = = 767.56 mm 2
( f sc - f cc ) (d - d' ) {395 0.446 (30)} (500 - 75)
M u2 124.49 (10 6 )
Asc = = = 766.53 mm 2
( f sc - f cc ) (d - d' ) {395.512 0.446 (30)} (500 - 75)
So, provide (i) 6-20 T + 2-12 T = 1885 + 226 = 2111 mm2 for Ast
Mu 375 (10 6 )
= = 6.0
b d2 250 (500) 2
These values are close to those of (A). Hence, provide 6-20 T + 2-12 T as
Ast and 4-16 T as Asc.
Q.2: Determine the moment of resistance of the doubly reinforced beam (Fig.
4.9.4) with b = 300 mm, d = 600 mm, d' = 90 mm, fck = 30 N/mm2, fy =
500 N/mm2, Asc = 2236 mm2 (2-32 T + 2-20 T), and Ast = 4021 mm2 (4-
32 T + 4-16 T). Use (i) direct computation method and (ii) tables of SP-16.
For d'/d = 0.15 and fy = 500 N/mm2, Table 4.2 of Lesson 8 gives: fsc = 395
N/mm2 and with fck = 30 N/mm2 , Table 3.1 of Lesson 5 gives pt, lim =
1.13.
xu ,max xu ,max
Mu,lim = 0.36 ( ) (1 0.42 ) b d 2 f ck
d d
= 432.88 kNm
So, Ast2 of 1987 mm2 is not fully used. Let us determine Ast2 required
when Asc = 2236 mm2.
Ast = Ast, lim + Ast2 = 2034 + 1961.61 = 3995.61 mm2 < 4021 mm2.
Hence, o.k.
= 2236 {395 - 0.446 (30)} (600 - 75) (10-6) kNm = 447.9837 kNm
Mu = Mu, lim + Mu2 = 432.88 + 447.98 (Mu2 is taken the lower of the
two)
= 880.86 kNm
To find (Asc)required
Ast = Ast, lim + Ast2 = 2034 + 1964.44 = 3998.44 mm2 < 4021 mm2.
So, o.k.
= 448.63 kNm
M u 2 = Asc ( f sc - f cc ) (d - d' )
= 448.63 kNm
= 881.51 kNm
4021 (100)
pt = = 2.234
300 (600)
2236 (100)
pc = = 1.242
300 (600)
d'/d = 0.15
Hence, o.k.
4.9.4 References
1. Reinforced Concrete Limit State Design, 6th Edition, by Ashok K. Jain,
Nem Chand & Bros, Roorkee, 2002.
2. Limit State Design of Reinforced Concrete, 2nd Edition, by P.C.Varghese,
Prentice-Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 2002.
3. Advanced Reinforced Concrete Design, by P.C.Varghese, Prentice-Hall of
India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 2001.
4. Reinforced Concrete Design, 2nd Edition, by S.Unnikrishna Pillai and
Devdas Menon, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited, New
Delhi, 2003.
A.TQ.1: This problem is the same as Problem 4.1 in sec. 4.9.2.1 except that here
the fsc is to be calculated using Table 4.1 instead of Table 4.2.
Step 1: Here, the Step 1 will remain the same as that of Problem 4.1.
(351.8 - 342.8)
f sc (from Table 4.1 of Lesson 8) = 342.8 + (0.00269 - 0.00241)
(0.00276 - 0.00241)
= 350 N/mm 2
M u2 154.41 (10 6 )
Asc = = = 808.41 mm 2
( f sc - f cc ) (d - d' ) {350 0.446 (20)} (630 - 70) N/mm
Steps 3 & 4 will also remain the same as those of Problem 4.1.
Hence, provide 2-20 T + 2-12 T (854 mm2) as Asc and 4-25 T + 2-20 T (2591
mm2) as Ast .
TQ.2: Determine the ultimate moment capacity of the doubly reinforced beam of
b = 350 mm, d' = 60 mm, d = 600 mm, Ast = 2945 mm2 (6-25 T), Asc =
1256 mm2 (4-20 T), using M 20 and Fe 415 (Fig. 4.9.2). Use table of SP-16
only.
This problem is the same as that of Problem 4.2 of sec. 4.9.2.2, which has
been solved by direct computation method. Here, the same is to be solved
by using SP-16.
Here, we need to use Table 50 for fck = 20 N/mm2 and fy = 415 N/mm2. The
table gives values of Mu/bd2 for (I) d'/d and pt and (ii) d'/d and pc. So, we
will consider both the possibilities and determine Mu.
So, we get
( pt ) pc = 0.5981 = 1.522 +
(1.533 - 1.522) (0.5981 - 0.595)
= 1.5231
(0.628 0.595)
The provided pt = 1.402 indicates that the tension steel is insufficient by 254.31
mm2 as shown below:
The above two results show that the moment of resistance of this beam is
the lower of the two. So, Mu = 530.46 kNm. By direct computation the Mu =
528.79 kNm. The two results are in good agreement.