Professional Documents
Culture Documents
h
T xcha
Issue 2 2008
E
500 members
50 countries
Nucleate Boiling on Micro-Structured Surfaces Smart Surfaces for Improved Heat Exchangers
Mieczyslaw E. Poniewski (Director of the Institute Solar Thermal Power Plants - On the Way to Commercial Market
of Mechanical Engineering, Warsaw University of Introduction
Technology, Plock Campus, Poland) and John R. Thome
(Professor of Heat and Mass Transfer at the cole Professor Hans Mller-Steinhagen (Dr.-Ing. habil, D.Eng.,
Polytechnique Fdrale de Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland) Dipl.-Ing., FREng, FIChemE, CEng, Institute of Technical
have encapsulated the state-of-the-art of nucleate pool Thermodynamics, German Aerospace Center (DLR)
boiling, focusing on the fundamentals of enhancing StuttgartCologneAlmria/Spain; Director, Steinbeis-
heat transfer using new technologies to fabricate micro- Transfer Center, Solar & Thermal Technology) gave these
structured surfaces. The book offers a broad survey of the presentations at the 2008 North American Meeting and
available literature. Annual Meeting of Stockholders.
e-News! will be distributed periodically to announce technical reports, training opportunities, updates to the HTRI
website, and other relevant news. If you already subscribe to e-Flash!, youll automatically receive e-News! as well. To
begin or modify your subscriptions, visit our public website at www.HTRI.net.
Notice
In this issue... Holiday schedule on page 21 The articles and opinions in this newsletter are for general information only and
are not intended to provide specific advice.
Research Capabilities Expand at the RTC....................................... 4 Editor
Kathryn Alexander
Kistler Reaches Another Milestone.................................................. 5 Contact HTRI recycles
Renowned Guests Participate in North American Meeting.............. 6 Submit all correspondence regarding
The Exchanger to
HTRI Amends Corporate Bylaws..................................................... 7 Heat Transfer Research, Inc. +1.979.690.5050 office
Is My Exchanger Design OK?.......................................................... 9 Attn: The Exchanger +1.979.690.3250 fax
150 Venture Drive Newsletter@HTRI.net
Gain More Control over Tube Layout in Xist ................................. 10 College Station, Texas 77845 USA www.HTRI.net
Understanding Internal Thermosiphon Circulation . ...................... 12 Copyright and Trademarks
Turbulent Heat Transfer using CFD............................................... 13 Heat Transfer Research, Inc. All rights reserved.
TechTip: Model Flooding for Horizontal Tubeside Condensers...... 14 HTRI, HTRI.net, HTRI-Net, The Exchanger, Q, HTRI e-Flash!, HTRI Xchanger
Suite, HTRI Xchanger Suite Educational, Xace, Xfh, Xhpe, Xist, Xjpe, Xpfe,
HTRI Achieves Record Growth in FY 2008.................................... 16 Xphe, Xspe, Xtlo, Xvib, R-trend, ACE, CST, FH, IST, PHE, RKH, RTF, ST, ST
A Winning Combination.................................................................. 22 Educational, and VIB, as well as their respective logos, are either registered
trademarks or trademarks of Heat Transfer Research, Inc. Other trademarks
Highlights of 2008 Annual Meeting................................................. 24 mentioned are the property of their respective owners.
HTRI Welcomes New Members to Board of Directors and Cover image 2008 Jupiterimages Corporation; interior clip art from ClipArt
Technical Committee................................................................... 26 Gallery at www.microsoft.com.
The HTRI brand remains strong. Our consortium has achieved a member
count of 500 companies and 400 Participating Affiliates in 50 countries.
We remain a vital operation in this difficult global economy. Challenges abound, balanced by
opportunities. Your loyalty is not taken for granted. HTRI staff are dedicated to ensuring that we
provide improved technology and value to our members. R. Stanley Kistler, Vice President, Research
& Technology, is evidence of staff commitment and a career of dedication to our mission. This
year was his 35th anniversary of employment. We celebrated his many accomplishments and this
milestone at the North American Meeting.
On July 18, 2008, we purchased an additional 16.758 acres adjacent to the Research & Technology
Center (RTC) site in Navasota, Texas, USA. We are designing our new headquarters with room for
future expansion. We are indeed fortunate to be facing this next stage of our business life-cycle.
HTRI is investing in advanced research and testing equipment, as well as in engineering staff
to tackle the needs of industry and expand our technology. Plans are in place to become the
preferred worldwide provider of process heat transfer educational offerings, leveraging electronic
communication media to reach our customers more frequently and more directly. We also continue
to investigate alliances and activities to foster collaboration that will provide further benefit to HTRI
members.
Individually and collectively, we are focused on adding value for all members. We will ensure a
strong presence in traditional areas while pursuing meaningful endeavors in new areas.
We know these are difficult times; let us assist your company in gaining the maximum benefit from
our technology. Send your questions to our top-notch Technical Support team, participate in the free
WebEx sessions, and attend training. Harness the power of the consortium.
The Research & Technology Center (RTC) continues to provide new opportunities for developing
methods and correlations that benefit our members and contract customers.
The Low Pressure Condensation Unit (LPCU) will enable us to perform condensing tests
at deep vacuum conditions. We plan to start with tubeside testing and later add shellside
simulations.
Our visualization testing program will allow us to use our new high-speed camera and
Particle Imaging Velocimetry (PIV) system to view and quantify various flow regimes.
J. W. Bill Clepper
Chief Operating Officer The following table highlights the status of the planning, installation, and operation of test and
support units at the RTC.
In 1998, R. Stanley Kistler, Vice President, Research & Technology, became the first HTRI employee
with 25 consecutive years of service. This milestone was celebrated with staff and Stans extended
family. In June 2008, Stan set another record35 consecutive years of service at HTRI.
He joined HTRI immediately following his graduation from University of Missouri Rolla, Missouri,
USA, where he earned his undergraduate and masters degrees as well as his Ph.D. in Chemical
Engineering. HTRIs involvement with both software development and training can be traced back to
Stans early efforts to effectively transfer our research technology to the membership.
During the North American Meeting, HTRI hosted a special celebration honoring Stan for his
unparalleled dedication and contributions to the company and to the members of the consortium. We
were pleased that his wife, Bonnie, could join him on this special occasion.
R. Stanley Kistler
The meeting in Victoria, British Columbia, Canada was marked by special guest presentations from
While a professor at Imperial College in London, Dr. D. Brian Spalding helped popularize the k-
turbulence model. He is co-developer of the Semi-Implicit Pressure Linked Equations (SIMPLE) mass-
momentum transport algorithm. Both have found their way into every computational fluid dynamics
(CFD) code in existence today. Recipient of the ASME Max Jakob Memorial Award in Heat Transfer,
Spalding is also a Fellow of the Royal Society, a distinction he shares with such past and present
luminaries as Charles Darwin, Isaac Newton, and Stephen Hawking.
Dr. Spalding demonstrated that CFD and computational heat transfer (CHT) can be used to simulate
heat exchangers with a high level of physical fidelity and accuracy. The key to unleashing this
power, according to Spalding, is the adoption of space-averaged CFD (SA-CFD), which combines
the advanced solution techniques of fine-grid CFD with state-of-the-art empirical correlations such
as those provided by HTRI. When the solution is complemented by the type of flow visualization
available from CFD-style software, the result is the best possible combination of computational and
experimental heat transfer technology.
Dr. John R. Thome helped develop and deliver the Advanced Boiling and Heat Transfer short course
(with LiDong Huang) at the North American Meeting.
Thome has developed numerous methods for prediction of flow boiling heat transfer, boiling of
mixtures, evaporation and condensation in enhanced tubes, two-phase flow pattern maps, and other
related topics. He has authored several books, including Enhanced Boiling Heat Transfer (1990) and
Convective Boiling and Condensation (1994) and is the co-author of HTRIs first e-book, Nucleate Boiling on
Micro-Structured Surfaces, which is available to the entire heat transfer community on HTRIs website,
Also at the North American Meeting, Dr. A. Paul Watkinson, who currently is consulting with
HTRI, participated in the Crude Oil Fouling Task Force (COFTF) and Exchanger Design Margin Task
Force (EDMTF) meetings.
Dr. Watkinson has studied fouling in all its manifestations for more than four decades and is
considered by many to be the worlds leading authority in the field. He has been a professor at
the University of British Columbia in Vancouver since 1971. The many honors earned during his
acclaimed career include
The presentation Dr. Watkinson gave to the COFTF was entitled Some Recent Observations on
Petroleum Stream Fouling. Highlights of the presentation were that the
initial fouling rate for multiple crude oils was demonstrated to increase by over an order of
magnitude with increases in insoluble solid concentration
fouling rate, precipitated solids, and colloidal instability index (CII) were strongly correlated
with solubility parameters
model proposed by Wiehe, which has been refined by Gray et al. with correlations for sulfide
and aromatic contents, was shown to fit coking data very well
HTRI thanks these guests for contributing their expertise and their insights at this meeting.
The Board also added a fourth group, the Compliance Committee, to the list of standing
committeesAudit, Compensation, and Nominating. The Compliance Committee provides oversight
and guidance to the Board to help prevent and/or detect any violations of law, regulation, or
policy involving Board members. Dan C. Dargene, legal counsel of HTRI, serves as the Chair of the
Compliance Committee; Cheryl J. Shoemaker was elected as the Board representative. The senior
human resources officer of HTRI, S. Breaux Daniel, is the third member of the group.
With these changes, a greater degree of independence has been injected to address ethical or legal
infractions and to ensure that decisions are based on the best interests of HTRInot individual
member companies or their customers. Representing the needs and interests of our global
membership is key to the continued growth and success of HTRI.
Jerrys vision, energy, and entrepreneurial spirit made him a leading force in the creation
of HTRI nearly fifty years ago. During his years as Technical Director, he worked to build
a foundation that would serve the company well into the future. Jerrys legacy includes
Our software helps you design an exchanger efficiently, but judgment is still needed in the final
assessment of any design. Some less experienced users may need even more help to interpret their
results.
Xchanger Suite currently issues messages that can assist you in identifying weak spots or problems.
Cases with a number of Runtime and Data Check messages may work well while others that generate
no messages may not perform adequately. However, many of the current messages do alert you to
design practices that are less than desirable. Thomas G. Lestina
Vice President,
The following messages are among the most important: Engineering Services
The hot and cold duties differ by x.xx%. This message is issued whenever the hot duty is
more than 5% different from the cold duty. While a well designed exchanger must have the hot
duty equal the cold duty, we see many process data sheets with large duty mismatches. Before
finalizing your design, ensure that you address this problem.
The B-stream flow fraction is very low. Xist posts this message when the B-stream flow fraction
is less than 0.4. Low B-stream fractions are thermally ineffective and more susceptible to fouling.
In general, you can modify baffle configuration (type, spacing, and cut) to increase the B-stream
flow fraction and thermal performance. Please remember that the confidence in the Xist rating is
reduced for designs with low B-streams.
The estimated tubecount for this shell is xxxx. This message is issued when the tubecount
calculated by the Xist tube layout program is more than 5% different from the user-specified
tubecount. Although our tube layout program may not always develop an optimal layout, different
clearances and heights under nozzles may result in erroneous thermal performance calculations. It
would be unfortunate if you ordered the shell only to find out later that the tubes do not fit.
An internal temperature cross exists in the exchanger. In multi-pass configurations, the cold
fluid may be hotter than the hot fluid for a fraction of the heat transfer surface. In these regions,
heat is transferred from the cold fluid to the hot fluid. Consider a flow configuration that does not
result in a temperature cross.
Before considering your design finished, review these messages and clear them by modifying the
design.
We continually evaluate ways to improve these messages, but flagging every element that can contribute to an
inadequate design is a daunting task. We do not expect to have a comprehensive set of rules anytime soon.
Continue to e-mail Technical Support at Support@HTRI.net with your questions about using our
software.
Many users have requested the ability to control Right-click the tube layout drawing, and select
the tubecount on a pass-by-pass basis in Xist. Edit passlane locations. Set the desired
This feature is especially useful in boiling or locations of the passlanes, and then click OK.
condensation cases when the tubeside fluid
volume changes rapidly between passes. Xist
has correctly and automatically allowed for
differences in tubecount between passes, but
until now the user hasnt been able to control
this behavior.
Joseph W. Holmes In the upcoming Xist 6.0, users can adjust the
Director, location of the passlanes in order to define the
Software Development area available for each tubepass. For the first
time, users can explicitly define and model
exchangers with varying tubecounts between Xist regenerates the tube layout and displays
passes. the updated version. Edit the passlane locations
until you get exactly the layout you want. Its
The figures below illustrate the process. that simple!
S. Greg Starks
Regional Sales Manager,
USA/Canada
Thermosiphon heat transfer generates fluid circulation without the use of a pump. As fluid is heated
and vaporized in the bundle of a kettle or stab-in reboiler, the density decreases and buoyancy forces
pump the two phases upward. Liquid separates from vapor and circulates back into the bundle
driven by the static head outside the bundle.
The liquid driving head outside the bundle and the heat input control the circulation rate achieved in
reboilers. For a given bundle, the circulation rate increases with the liquid driving head outside the
bundle and heat input. For a fixed heat duty and liquid driving head, the thermosiphon will reach an
equilibrium flow rate.
LiDong Huang Vapor generation and bundle geometry affect the rate of circulation. For example, decreasing the tube
Senior Project Engineer, pitch creates a higher pressure drop in the bundle and consequently lowers the circulating flow rate.
Research; The froth height, depending on two-phase velocity at the top of the bundle, affects the liquid driving
Coordinator, Boiling & head and also influences the circulating flow rate.
Single Phase
When stab-in and kettle reboilers are modeled, the circulation rate is unknown initially. Iteration
over pressure drop calculations determines the circulation rate, which is used to determine the heat
transfer rate. Static driving head outside the bundle is typically assumed to be only liquid phase.
This holds true for stab-in reboilers, because there is a large space outside the bundle in a column
for the separation of the two phases. The liquid driving head is then presumed to be the same as the
pressure drop through the bundle.
Starting the iteration by specifying a low flow rate is important. A high initial flow rate may be
physically unrealistic, as high flow rates may simply bypass the bundle of a stab-in or kettle reboiler.
If the static head of liquid outside the bundle is greater than the pressure drop created by flow
through the bundle, then the flow is increased (which means the circulation rate increases) until the
pressure drop through the bundle is the same as the static head outside the bundle. The converged
Christy M. Laird flow rate through the bundle can then be used to determine the heat transfer rate.
Engineer, Research
Two-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation of a kettle reboiler indicates that
simplified one-dimensional models are generally accurate. Thermosiphon circulation is evident from
the flow pathlines shown in the figure below. However, the simplified calculation of the circulation
rate based on the pressure drop inside and outside the bundle does not account for the two-
dimensional characteristics of the flow. In addition, the fluid outside the bundle exists in two phases
[1], which means the driving static head for circulation could be lower than that of the assumed pure
liquid.
Reference
1. K. J. Farrell, Two-dimensional
CFD simulations of kettle
reboilers, BK1-11, Heat Transfer
Research, Inc., College Station,
Texas (2008).
Visual observation and CFD predictions of flow and vapor volume fraction for
kettle reboiler [1]
the velocity profile is linear up to y+ = 5. Analogous to the viscous sublayer is the conductive sublayer
in which the dimensionless temperature is also linear with the product of the dimensionless off-wall
distance, y+, and the Prandtl number.
Xist models subcooling as a function of length along the tubes, whereas flooding (and associated
subcooling) occurs as a function of height above the bottom of the channel head. You can use the Xist
results to determine the flooded area and then to calculate the number of flooded tubes.
The following TechTips are available in the FAQ section of Level I on our secured website.
Topic Component(s)
Beware of large height under nozzle with parallel-cut baffles Xist
Flow boiling with small increase in weight fraction vapor Xace, Xist
Handling excessive pressure drop with low pressure condensers Xace, Xist
Learn how driver power is calculated Xace
Model one-fan-off operation in Xace Xace
Model tube vibration in the bundle entrance region with parallel-cut baffles Xvib
Optimised tube-side
type flow), essentially removing the
boundary layer. Reaction, deposition
www.calgavin.com
Fiscal Year 2008 marked the third year in a row in which we exceeded the previous record growth,
exceeding 850 members and Participating Affiliates (PAs) at year end. Ninety-five (95) new members
and forty-one (41) PAs joined in FY 2008, reaching a total of 471 members and 381 PAs. A summary of
the new members and PAs by region is shown in the figure below.
Despite the recent financial crisis, HTRI membership growth has continued at a good pace. We
have reached our 500th member and 400th Participating Affiliate. The latest changes in the world
economy bring significant challenges to us, but we are confident that the quality of our technology
will continue to be in demand as companies thrive for better energy efficiency and have a continuous
need to design and evaluate the performance of their heat transfer equipment.
Our business development activity has focused on establishing links with complementary software
that most of our users need in their day-to-day work, such as process simulation, mechanical design
of heat exchangers, or physical properties. We have established collaboration agreements with many
companies handling these and other areas. You can find further details about the companies and
specific software by visiting the following link within the HTRI website:
http://www.htri-net.com/AboutHTRI/busalliance.htm
The most recent collaboration agreements completed during FY 2008 include Bryan Research
& Engineering, Inc. and Honeywell International Inc. (process simulation) and Red-Bag B.V.
(mechanical design).
Our latest record growth can be attributed in great part to the economy, although we were able to
capitalize on it only by expanding our sales team. In this issue of our newsletter you can read articles
from all our regional managers. Hirohisa Uozu, who handles business in China, Japan, Korea, and
Taiwan, writes about the Communication Committees in his region; Hans U. Zettler discusses
business growth in the EMEA region, as well as recent meetings and training, and the addition of
several new sales representatives to assist with our continued membership growth and retention.
S. Greg Starks focuses on business in USA/Canada and the North American Meeting held in August
2008. Finally, Rajan R. Desai discusses the driving forces that have helped with the growth of HTRIs
business in India.
HTRI remains healthy thanks to all of you, our members. Please continue to tell us what you need so
that we can focus on further developments that help you be even more competitive in your business.
An HTRI Communication Committee (CC) is the official communication channel for members in
geographic proximity. Members in CCs provide us important feedback that helps us improve our
technology and services. The Asia-Pacific region currently has three (3) CCsChina, Japan, and
Korea.
The following briefly introduces these groups. I would like to express our thanks for their great
contributions to HTRI.
2008 has been another year of an expanding HTRI presence in Europe, Middle East, and Africa. Since
October 2007, fifteen (15) new members have joined HTRI in Europe, four (4) in the Middle East, and
two (2) in Africa. These numbers include not only some of the larger processors like Sasol Technology
(Pty) Limited, Saudi Aramco, StatoilHydro ASA, and TOTAL S.A. but also two (2) new members in
Russiathe first in this new market for HTRI. In addition to new members, we signed up more than
fifteen (15) participating affiliates, strengthening our position in the worldwide market.
We continue to meet with our members and prospects and offer courses and workshops. Since
January 2008, we held several successful training events, including the 2008 European training week
in March in Florence, Italy and the 2008 South African training week in May in Johannesburg, South
Hans U. Zettler Africa. The demand for onsite training continues to be very high, and we have presented over ten
Regional Manager, (10) sessions in Spain, the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Germany, the United Kingdom, France,
EMEA Denmark, and Sweden. Look for information about the 2009 European Training Week and other
HTRI training events on our website at www.HTRI.net, or get in touch with us to schedule onsite
training.
The 2008 European Meeting was held at the Kempinski Hotel Corvinus, in Budapest, Hungary,
from November 3 7, 2008. We offered sessions on HTRI research and technology, as well as three
workshops and short courses. Compared to previous recent European meetings, more people from
over fourteen (14) countries attended this year, and we hope this trend continues.
CC-South Africa has joined the five (5) other Communication Committees (CCs) in EMEA. We hope
that other countries start a CC in their regions. CC meetings allow face-to-face communication with
other HTRI members and with HTRI staff, and we encourage you to join the CC in your area. Please
contact our EMEA office if you want more information about joining a CC or starting one in your
country. We will be more than happy to help.
In May 2008 we exhibited HTRI technology at the Chem Middle East in Dubai, U.A.E., and at the
RPEC 2008 in Moscow, Russia, an exhibition we co-sponsored. At both events, we held interesting
discussions with new contacts and with existing members and users of HTRI products and services.
With the increasing demand for HTRI technology, we added three more representatives to the EMEA
team:
We look forward to working with these new representatives, as well as with SantAmbrogio Servizi
Industriali s.r.l. in Italy (HTRI.Italy@HTRI.net) and Mass and Heat Transfer Technology (Pty) Ltd in
South Africa (HTRI.SouthAfrica@HTRI.net).
Whether at HTRI meetings, CC meetings, or other events, we are always happy to receive feedback
from our members and users of HTRI technology and encourage your active participation in HTRI
events and these important user groups.
The number of Indian businesses joining HTRI Our members rely on HTRI technology to
has risen greatly in the past two years, moving design, rate, and simulate their heat exchange
India from fifth to second in the number of equipment. We seek to maintain a high level
HTRI member companies in any single country. of customer satisfaction. As an established
global leader of process heat transfer and
To expand and better support our Indian heat exchanger technology, HTRI believes in
members, HTRI established a more direct providing products and services that are backed
presence in India in 2007. Today, HTRI Xchanger by verifiable and industrially relevant research
Suite has become a common tool in all the major data.
quarters of the thermal and process industry
in India, from engineering consultants to The growth of the past months is a direct result Rajan R. Desai
fabricators and processors. HTRI continues of the confidence that our members have in our International Coordinator,
to extend the usefulness of our products and technology and in the HTRI team. India
services.
Engineering students in universities and
Apart from the number of HTRI members in colleges are ready to learn about new and better
India doubling to more than eighty (80) during technologies. HTRI Xchanger Suite Educational
the last two calendar years, many existing has been very well received by Indian academia,
members also upgraded their membership with four (4) licenses already in effect. In future
levels. The increase can be attributed to months, we expect the number of educational
licenses to increase significantly.
technical support
If you have any questions or comments about
The Engineering Services team provides HTRIs operations in India, please contact us at
excellent and timely support to all HTRI HTRI.India@HTRI.net.
members. This unlimited support is
communicated in easy-to-understand
language and easier-to-perform steps!
Answers often provide tips, help with
troubleshooting of common flaws, and
explain the relevance of error messages.
Get Involved in Your Communication Committees
member participation in HTRI groups
and events HTRI Communication Committees (CCs) provide an official
forum for members in geographic proximity. These member-
Members contribute their expertise initiated and member-managed committees facilitate and
to the HTRI consortium in various formalize input, helping our customers throughout the world
ways, including feedback through communicate their opinions and needs to HTRI.
communication committees like
CC-India. Two member company staff Agendas, minutes, and HTRI responses to those minutes
(Shubhangi Jaguste, Reliance Industries are posted for all members in Level 1 of the secured website,
Limited and M. Venkatesh, Larsen & www.HTRI.net. We encourage you to review these documents
Toubro Limited) also serve on the HTRI whenever possible to learn more about the interests of your
Technical Committee. colleagues around the world.
development and enhancement of We currently have sixteen (16) active CCs. If youre interested in
products and services participating in a CC but none exists in your geographic region,
please contact CC@HTRI.net for information on establishing
Our computational tools remain such a group.
industrially relevant and are expanding
into new fields in existing and
complementary disciplines. HTRI
products and services continue to be
way ahead of the competition!
C. A. Bennett and B. D. Crittenden, Isokinetic phenomena in crude oil fouling, Keynote, Fouling
Mitigation Session, AIChE Spring National Meeting, New Orleans, LA (April 9, 2008).
In this keynote, Bennett and Crittenden presented the Isokinetic effect observed for high
temperature crude oil fouling of Kuwaiti crude oils. They then demonstrated that the isokinetic
effect is also observed for Maya crude oil and styrene fouling systems as well, suggesting that
it is a general feature of fouling. After discussing isokinetic theory, the presenters successfully
applied it to the well understood phenomenon of styrene polymerization/fouling. Finally, they
applied isokinetic theory to crude oil fouling, concluding that isokinetic theory should permit
the prediction of the functional group(s) responsible for the asphaltenic fouling mechanism from
infrared spectra.
Crude oil fouling is a very complex phenomenon involving multiple mechanisms. Commonalities
are needed to simplify understanding and make prediction and mitigation viable. HTRI has
discovered that high temperature crude oil fouling exhibits the isokinetic effect, as demonstrated
by crossing lines on the Arrhenius plot and a linear compensation effect plot.
J. B. Dooley and D. L. ONeal, The transient response of capacitive thin-film polymer humidity
sensors, HVAC&R Research 14(5), 663 382 (2008).
Dooley and ONeal characterize the transient performance of two commercially available
capacitive thin-film polymer humidity transmitters, considering the effects of air velocity as
well as step changes in relative humidity and dry bulb temperature. Results showed that under
isothermal conditions, the response times of the transmitters were in reasonable agreement with
data provided by the manufacturers. Under non-isothermal conditions, however, performance
decreased significantly. While increasing air velocity improved the response, this benefit was
far outweighed by an overall performance penalty resulting from the use of slow-responding
temperature sensors within each transmitter.
K. J. Farrell, Improving shell-and-tube heat exchangers with CFD, Engineering Simulation Energy
Conference: Inspiring Engineering, Houston, TX (November 11 12, 2008).
Farrell provided an overview of a number of specific projects in which CFD simulation has been
used to improve our heat exchanger design methodology. Principal applications concern the
improvement of flow distribution and optimization of enhancements.
Holiday Schedule
Our offices will be closed for the holidays as follows:
USA and EMEA Asia-Pacific
December 24, 2008 through January 2, 2009 December 30, 2008 through January 2, 2009
During this time, we will monitor the technical support e-mail for urgent messages. The USA, EMEA, and
Asia-Pacific offices resume business on Monday, January 5, 2009.
141
8 15 141. These numbers are the combination people have registered for HTRI
to HTRIs most recent training success story. webinars who have not attended
Four months ago, we began offering a series face-to-face training in the last
of live, free webinars to HTRI members. In this three years. A total 250 users of HTRI software
short time, we have provided timely, interactive representing approximately 75 member
training on a variety of topics. The impact of this companies have registered for webinars thus far.
revived training option has already been far-
reaching, and we have only just begun! The number of people participating in webinars
is an important and positive development; the
8
HTRI staff members have facilitated extent of the global reach is amazing. With
Shannon F. Iverson webinars since July. While webinars these webinars, we have gone beyond the
Coordinator, typically last only 45 60 minutes, United States to countries like The Netherlands,
Training & Business developing and delivering a quality product Malaysia, China, Canada, India, Morocco,
Technologies takes time and a dedicated team. S. Greg Starks, Brazil, the United Kingdom, Mexico, France, and
Thomas G. Lestina, Nicholas F. Urbanski, Indonesia. We have trained in all of these places
LiDong Huang, Zhihua Frank Yang, R. without ever leaving the corporate headquarters
Stanley Kistler, Nathan W. Kidd, and Joseph W. in College Station, Texas, USA, and you have
Holmes worked with C. Eddie Sherman (HTRIs participated without the cost, time, and hassle of
database and applications developer) and me traveling. How is that for efficiency and effective
to select the topics, develop the content, and use of resources?
facilitate the webinars.
Its true that some challenges remain, most
15
webinar sessions on a variety of associated with delivering and participating in
topics will be conducted for HTRI webinars. We have dealt with technical issues
members by the end of 2008. that may have plagued webinar technology
The topics thus far have addressed common in the past. However, while HTRI webinars
technical questions sent to the Technical Support are reliable and user-friendly, we continue
team (also known as TechTips, available on the to improve the offerings by including more
HTRI website) as well as hints from the Software interactivity and relevant content.
Development team to help interface Xchanger
Suite with other commonly used applications. With webinars, you do not have to wait for us
to offer a face-to-face workshop to help you
with your most pressing questions. Check out
the webinar schedule in the Upcoming Events
section of the HTRI website (www.HTRI.net),
find the topic that relates to your needs, register,
and attend. You will have an opportunity to ask
questions throughout the webinar.
One example of our process for improvement is the revised Xfh workshop, which discusses the theory, practice, and
application of fired heaters and the most effective ways to use Xfh. Debuting in August at the 2008 North American
Meeting, the two-day course was developed with the help of Jack Hardie, a fired-heater consultant with more than
thirty years of practical experience.
This workshop combines the classic features of teaching engineers how to enter and run practical examples in Xfh
with the introduction of the theory of the single- and multi-zone models as well as fired heater design principles.
We continue to revise and improve the Xfh workshop, as we do all of the workshops in the HTRI training program. In
fact, weve already changed the course in response to comments from North American Meeting attendees.
Face-to-Face Web-Based
January Fundamentals of Heat Exchanger Technology Getting Started: Maximizing the Value of HTRI Technology
Short Course TechTips: Modeling Reflux Condensers
Xist Workshop
Xvib Workshop
Kettle Reboilers and Vaporizers Short Course
Condensers Workshop
March Training TBA for Getting Started: Maximizing the Value of HTRI Technology
New Features in HTRI Xchanger Suite 6.0
European Training Week (March 9 13)
TechTips: Modeling Flooding for Horizontal Tubeside
Australian Meeting (March 23 27)
Condensers
May Training TBA for Latin American Meeting Getting Started: Maximizing the Value of HTRI Technology
(May 25 29) TechTips: Modeling Electric Heaters with HTRI Xchanger
Suite
At the Annual Meeting of Stockholders on August 25, 2008, Larry G. Hackemesser, Chair of the Board
of Directors, noted that HTRI had experienced another record year of growth and again credited
the staff and volunteers, as well as new and renewing companies, for HTRIs success. The Corporate
Secretary, S. Breaux Daniel, recorded the minutes. Before turning the podium over to his newly
elected successor, Donald W. Meyer, Hackemesser mentioned the most significant of the changes to
the corporate Bylaws. Meyer acknowledged with gratitude the dedicated service of Hackemesser and
then introduced the new Vice Chair, Michael G. McMillion, as well as all members of the Board who
will serve in the coming year.
Seated (l to r): Joseph Schroeder, Peter Redman, Jinn Wang, Cheryl Shoemaker, Naoki Dohi, Len Zoetemeijer, and Martin Gough
Standing (l to r): Donald Meyer, Larry Hackemesser, and Michael McMillion
Not pictured: T. Michael OConnor
After Meyers remarks, Claudette D. Beyer (President & Chief Executive Officer), presented her
report, followed by Fernando J. Aguirre (Vice President, Sales & Business Development), and
Keith H. Kuttler (Chief Financial Officer).
James J. Grant III, Chair, E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Company, Inc.
Michael D. Kindschi, Hughes-Anderson Heat Exchangers, Inc.
Bill G. Ashenhart, S & B Engineers and Constructors, Ltd.
Bennat J. Drazner, Alfa Laval Inc.
Liping Gao, SINOPEC Engineering Incorporation
Robert P. Hohmann, Chevron Energy Technology Company
Shubhangi Jaguste, Reliance Industries Limited
Dave C. King, BP p.l.c.
Thomas Lang, Wieland-Werke AG
Robert Lee, Bechtel (China) Engineering & Construction Company
John M. Nesta, Fluor Canada Ltd.
Takao Ogawa, Toyo Engineering Corporation
Jack J. Piparia, Ecodyne Heat Exchangers, Inc.
Brigitte Ploix, Technip
Bernd Rumpf, BASF SE
M. Venkatesh, Larsen & Toubro Limited
Seated (l to r): Michael Kindschi, Brigitte Ploix, Bennat Drazner, Robert Lee, Shubhangi Jaguste, and Jack Piparia
Standing (l to r): Thomas Lang, Robert Hohmann, Dave King, Bernd Rumpf, Jim Grant, Bill Ashenhart, John Nesta, M. Venkatesh, and Takao Ogawa
Not pictured: Liping Gao
The technical results of the past year were presented by J. W. Bill Clepper (Chief Operating Officer),
J. Michael Creagor (Director, Research & Technology Center), R. Stanley Kistler (Vice President,
Research & Technology), Joseph W. Holmes (Director, Software Development), and Thomas G.
Lestina (Vice President, Engineering Services).
Grant encouraged those present to take full advantage of the North American Meeting by attending
the sessions, participating in the roundtable discussions at lunch, and networking with colleagues
in the heat exchanger industry from around the globe. Those activities, as well as involvement
in Communication Committees and Task Forces, enhance the value of membership in the HTRI
consortium.
Minutes of the Annual Meeting of Stockholders are posted on the HTRI secured website,
www.HTRI.net.
Michael G. McMillion, Independent Director been active with the Communication Committee
Before retiring in 2007 as Principal Engineer Holland, serving extended terms as Chair, 1999
- Heat Transfer Specialist, Engineering and 2006 and Vice Chair, 1997 1999. He holds a BSc
Services Department, Eastman Chemical in Chemical Engineering from HTS Dordrecht,
Company, Longview, Texas (TX), USA, McMillion Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
served a three-year term on the HTRI Board of
Directors. During that period, he also served Thomas Lang, Wieland-Werke AG, Ulm,
on its Audit Committee. At Eastman Chemical GermanyLang brings over 15 years
Company, he provided corporate support for experience in technical marketing and business
heat transfer and fluid flow applications in development of enhanced heat transfer tubes
their production plants worldwide. He has for various applications and industries to his
over 30 years experience in process design position as Senior Application Engineer. His
and improvement, project management, and current activities focus on the hydrocarbon
engineering computer applications. McMillion (refining, petrochemical, gas, and chemical)
holds a B.S. in Chemical Engineering from the processing industry; in addition, he also has
University of Texas, Austin, TX. experience in the power, air-conditioning/
refrigeration, automotive, and electrical power
Peter J. Redman, Independent DirectorPrior to industries. Lang also serves as the relationship
his retirement in 2000 from BP p.l.c., Sunbury-on- manager of the Cooperation Technip/
Thames, United Kingdom (UK), Redman worked Wieland endeavor. Lang earned his Diploma
as Senior Energy Technology Consultant. With in Engineering (Dipl.-Ing.) with a focus in
over 35 years experience in refinery and plant Mechanical Engineering from the University
operations, as well as 15 years experience in of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany, and his MSc
energy management and technology, including in Civil Engineering from the University of
heat transfer, combustion, and power generation, Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA.
he was responsible for implementing advanced He has been actively involved in HTRI activities
and innovative energy technologies in BPs since joining the Communication Committee
global operations. Redman initially joined the Germany in 2002.
HTRI Board of Directors in 1995, serving on
several committees during his five-year term: Brigitte Ploix, Technip, Paris, FrancePloix
Strategic and Business Planning, as well as Fee currently manages the Heat Transfer Department
and Revenue Enhancement. He holds a B.S. in in the Process and Technology Division. She has
Chemical Engineering from London University, nearly 15 years experience in thermal design
London, UK. of all non-fired types of exchangers for oil
refining and off-shore oil production, as well as
Len J. A. Zoetemeijer, Shell Global Solutions for the petrochemical, LNG, and gas processing
International B.V., The Hague, The Netherlands industries. Previously Ploix worked as the
Zoetemeijer brings over 25 years process and Lead Discipline Engineer for Technips major
heat transfer engineering experience to his international projects and joint ventures. Before
position as Regional Team Leader, Non-Fired being elected to the Technical Committee, she
Heat Transfer Equipment, Europe, Middle East, was active with Communication Committee
and Africa. In addition, he spent a decade of his France for five years and served as its Chair in
engineering career at Vicoma B.V., Hoogvliet, 2005 2006. Ploix is a member of the scientific
The Netherlands, using HTRI software for council of GRETh and a Graduate Engineer from
engineering projects. Since 1996 Zoetemeijer has Institut National des Sciences Appliques de
Lyon (INSA), Lyon, France.
After serving nine years on the Board of Directors, Takashi Noto resigned to focus on his position
as Engineering Consultant in Chiyodas Engineering Division in Yokohama, Japan. His three
decades of experience in mechanical engineering of pressure vessels and heat exchangers, as
well as equipment failure analyses for LNG plants, refineries, and petrochemical plants gave
him a broad-based background to represent the current interests and future needs of the Asian
marketplace.
We wish both continued success in their careers and are pleased that their companies continue to
participate in Communication Committee and/or Task Force activities.
John R. Rosso
Koch Heat Transfer
Company, L.P.
Report BG1-11
Onset of Nucleate Boiling for Plain Surfaces (March 2008)
Read Report BG1-11 to learn the minimum temperature difference for a reboiler or vaporizer to
perform properly as a boiling system instead of a single-phase heat transfer system!
Report BG1-11 discusses principle and predictive models of the onset of nucleate boiling (ONB) for
plain surfaces. It analyzes open literature and HTRI ONB data and proposes a model for predicting
wall superheats required for nucleate boiling for pure components and mixtures. It also discusses
parameters affecting the requirements of ONB and provides guidelines for designing reboilers or
vaporizers for low delta-T applications.
Report BK1-11
Two-Dimensional CFD Simulations of Kettle Reboilers (July 2008)
To gain further insight into kettle reboiler operation and improve Xist models, we simulated several
kettle reboilers in two dimensions using computational fluid dynamics. The two-phase results show
good agreement with pressure drop and vapor volume fraction measurements from the literature.
Moreover, the results allow us to observe liquid and vapor flow patterns, quantify recirculation and
vapor volume fraction, and assess the vibration potential. Refer to BK1-11 for more details about this
study.
Report CT-20
Two-Phase Pressure Drop Method for Tubeside Reflux Condensation (July 2008)
Are you considering the design or rating of tubeside reflux condensers but have trouble getting
reasonable pressure drop predictions? Do you want to know the two-phaseflow pressure drop
mechanism inside a tube between reflux condensation and downflow condensation in gravity-
controlled flow? What is the level of confidence in HTRIs tubeside reflux condensation pressure drop
method used in Xist for predictions of experimental data?
Report CT-20 presents our two-phase pressure drop method for tubeside reflux condensation. In this
report, you can learn more about how we
HTRI reports are available in Level 3 of the secured website for all Category III, IV, and V HTRI members. Q articles
are available in Level 2 for all Category III, IV, and V members and for Category II members subscribing to the Design
Manual. Access requires the installation of HTRI e-Library and an Internet connection.
For information on upgrading your membership, please contact Membership@HTRI.net. If you have installed HTRI
e-Library and are having trouble accessing www.HTRI.net, please contact Support@HTRI.net.
Kevin J. Farrell will oversee the work of staff performing CFD and visualization studies. After
seven years at HTRI, he is our acknowledged expert on fluid dynamics and vibration. Over the past
two years, he developed the requirements for a new visualization program and investigated the
equipment needed. Kevin graduated from Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania,
USA, with his B.S., M.S., and Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering, where he also worked for 16 years as a
researcher and deputy head of the Fluid Machinery Department of the Applied Research Laboratory
(ARL). A member of ASME and ISA, Kevin is a licensed Professional Engineer (P.E.) in Pennsylvania
and Texas.
LiDong Huang will direct the activities of staff engaged in boiling and single-
Kevin J. Farrell phase flow research. LiDong joined HTRI in 1995, shortly after graduating
with his Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Houston,
Houston, Texas, USA. Prior to immigrating to the United States, he had earned
his B.S. from Shanghai Maritime University and an M.S. from University of
Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China. LiDong has focused
primarily on boiling and two-phase flow phenomena but also has conducted
experimental work on plate heat exchangers and organic fouling. LiDong has
taught several courses at HTRI meetings and member company sites in China.
He is a member of ASME and a licensed Professional Engineer (P.E.) in Texas.
LiDong Huang
Zhihua Frank Yang will oversee the activities of engineers for expanded
studies in condensation research, including those on the Low Pressure Condensation Unit (LPCU)
currently under construction. Frank has led our condensation research efforts since joining HTRI in
1991. He holds a B.S. in Power and Mechanical Engineering from Xian Jiaotong University, China,
and an M.S. and Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering from State University of New York at Stony Brook,
New York, USA. In the mid-1990s, Frank helped lead our initial sales and marketing efforts in China.
He has taught several courses at HTRI meetings and member company sites in China. He was named
an ASME Fellow in 2004 and is a licensed Professional Engineer (P.E.) in Texas.
Jo Ann Coles tenure at HTRI began in 1990. She has ably overseen all of HTRIs accounting and
payroll functions since the companys relocation from California to Texas (TX), USA. After graduating
from high school in Madisonville, TX, she became a bookkeeper for a local automobile dealership.
Four years later, Jo Ann began working for the Conlee family of companies, including the largest
local moving and storage firm, a restaurant, and farm enterprise. As their full-charge bookkeeper,
she was responsible for all accounts payable, payroll, general ledger transactions, and financial
statements. At HTRI, she has had ample opportunity to expand her accounting knowledge and the
scope of her duties. As a whatever it takes staff person, she also has used her insight of moving
industry practices to manage all corporate and staff relocations for the past 18 years.
Jo Ann attended Blinn College, Bryan, TX. She is an avid vegetable gardener and woodwork Jo Ann Cole
refinisher. Now she and her husband Dennis, Director of Production for the Association of Former
Students at Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, are embarking on a home-building project.
They have three grown children: Chad Cannon, Kim Cole, and Brandon Cole.
Janet A. Hays joined HTRI last year as Senior Membership Associate. In the last issue of The
Exchanger, we highlighted her career in multiple customer service and training roles.
With over two decades of supervisory experience, she was well positioned to quickly assume
responsibility for overseeing the activities of the two full-time Membership Associates who process
prospective member requests, as well new and renewing membership agreements. Because our
consortium now includes 900 members and Participating Affiliates, the volume of activity puts her
customer service and organizational skills to good use.
Janet A. Hays
To best ensure that your message reaches an available staff person, e-mail
technical inquiries to
Support@HTRI.net
Technical support is available from all HTRI locations, as well as from
representatives in Italy and South Africa. Further contact information
appears on the back cover of this newsletter.
The increase in HTRI staff and the expansion of our information systems infrastructure required
hiring additional personnel to assist in administering our network system and to provide internal
user support. Ben brings to this position over seven years experience installing, supporting,
troubleshooting, and administering Microsoft Windows-based computers and networks.
Ben graduated from Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas (TX), USA, with a B.S. in
Journalism in 2003. While attending school, he worked part-time as a PC/LAN Technician at his
Benjamin D. Bailey alma mater, Allen Academy, a private K-12 school in his hometown of Bryan, TX. After graduation, he
joined the school on a full-time basis as their Systems Administrator, gaining broad-based expertise
with servers, operating systems, and networking, as well as with supporting the hardware and
software applications of over 300 faculty, administrators, and students.
His strong communications background is a real plus in interacting with the staff that he supports
and in documenting operations protocols. Ben also holds A+ and Network+ Certifications.
Salem A. Bouhairie
Engineer, Research
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) has proven to be a valuable tool, and the use of CFD at HTRI
is now well-integrated in multiple research projects. Salem was hired to help address the demand for
more internal and contract CFD studies. He becomes the third Canadian on staff. His experience in
physical hydraulic modeling investigations at Northwest Hydraulic Consultants, Edmonton, Alberta,
Canada, has given him a broad-based knowledge of heat and mass transfer, process design and
modeling, and computational methods.
He earned his B.S., M.S., and Ph.D. in Civil Engineering from McGill University, Montreal, Quebec,
Salem A. Bouhairie
Canada. While pursuing his graduate studies, he was an Adjunct Professor teaching Water Resources
and Hydraulic Engineering; he also worked as a Numerical Modeller and Laboratory Experimenter.
His dissertation on Computational Methods for Calculating Heat Transfer from a Circular Cylinder in
Crossflow was partially funded by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada.
Following his graduation, he became a Research Assistant at the university gaining additional
experience with CFD in modeling fluid flows. He has delivered presentations on his work in Canada,
the United States, England, and Brazil; his most recent research work has been published in the
Journal of Fluid Mechanics.
Salem was born in Paris, France, and also had the opportunity to live in Germany and the United
States before his family settled in Montreal. He, his wife Allison Watchorn, and their 22-month-old
daughter Dalyn have now relocated to Texas and look forward to a warmer winter.
With the resignation of Makala J. Gerland, HTRI has hired Elizabeth to provide administrative
support to technical management and staff, especially with documents and databases related to
Technical Committee, Communication Committee, and Task Force activities. She will also serve
as the HTRI librarian. She brings to this position a proven record of success in managing diverse
activities and providing an exceptionally high standard of customer satisfaction.
After moving to College Station from San Angelo, Texas (TX), USA, Elizabeth worked eight years for
The Adam Corporation/Group, Bryan, TX, as the Household Manager providing onsite supervision Elizabeth H. Duff
of staff at the owners private homes. In addition, she served as their purchasing agent, travel and
event coordinator, and personal assistant. Prior to that, she worked as the Financial Manager for
Welch Consulting, which provides expert services in economics and statistics involving employment
practices and business litigation. Elizabeth is also an experienced travel coordinator, having spent
four years as the Assistant Conference Coordinator for the Ocean Drilling Program at Texas A&M
University, College Station.
Elizabeth attended the University of Texas, Austin, TX, and Angelo State University, San Angelo, TX.
She completed additional programs in floral design and household management and is also a trained
airline reservation representative. She and her husband Kevin, Manager of Customer Support with
Arbin Instruments in College Station, have lived in the local area for more than twenty years. During
their spare time, they enjoy music, traveling, and cooking.
C. Eddie Sherman
Database & Applications Developer
After completing a four-month internship at HTRI and graduating from Texas A&M University,
College Station, Texas (TX), USA, Eddie joined the staff in May 2008. While earning his B.S. in
Technology Management with a Minor in Business, he also gained six years of experience as a Senior
Information Technology Associate in the College of Education and Human Development.
His familiarity with database installation and maintenance, as well as his programming skills and
user support experience, gives him a valuable perspective to develop a comprehensive membership
database. In addition, he is working with staff in creating business applications for HTRIs online C. Eddie Sherman
meeting and training registration system and integrating these into our new website which will be
unveiled in the first quarter of 2009. Eddie will also work with the accounting staff on enhancements
to their software and with the technical staff on improving the database that tracks Technical
Operating Plan projects and progress.
A lifelong resident of Texas, Eddie enjoys golfing and fishing. He and his wife Heather, a
kindergarten teacher for the Navasota Independent School District, Navasota, TX, have a
four-year-old son, Noah.
In 1998 when HTRI was recruiting a research technician, both Bernadette (Becky) E. Glover and H.
Steve Buckley interviewed for the position. In February 1998, we hired Becky and three months later
Steve joined the team. Now four of the six HTRI technicians have reached their ten-year milestone.
A native of Massachusetts, Becky relocated to Texas (TX), then moved to Louisiana (LA) before
settling permanently in the Bryan-College Station area nearly twenty-five years ago with her husband
John and daughters, Rachel and June. Although she and her husband previously owned a heating and
air-conditioning (HVAC) firm, she spent most of her professional career in process and power plant
environments.
For twelve years, she worked as an Instrument Technician at the Texas Municipal Power Agency in
Carlos, TX. There she was responsible for preventative maintenance, as well as the troubleshooting
and repair on instrumentation for electrical power production and for environmental monitoring
systems. Prior to that, she was a Journeyman-Instrumentman for five years at Firestone Synthetic
Becky E. Glover Rubber Company in Lake Charles, LA. Becky also spent a few years in manufacturing companies as
a drill press operator, quality control inspector, and chassis assembler before graduating from the
Southwest Louisiana Technical Institute in Lake Charles.
Prior to joining HTRI, Steve spent over twenty years working for Exxon Pipeline Company, Houston,
TX as a roustabout, engineer aide, terminal operator, and field gauger measuring and monitoring the
quality and quantity of products moved by pipeline. During that period, he also attended San Jacinto
Community College in Pasadena, TX. Immediately before Steve accepted the research technician
position, he had worked for five years as the Sales Manager for Seamless Home Products, a local firm
which designs and installs residential and commercial roof gutter systems.
Except for a brief period when he attended computer operations and programming classes at the
American Automated Training Center in Kansas City, Missouri, USA, Steve has stayed close to his
Texas roots. He is married to Elizabeth (Liz) Holmgreen, another native Texan, who works for the
H. Steve Buckley City of Bryan, TX, as a System Support Specialist. He is also the father of adult twins, Jeremy and
Kristen.
The technicians are cross-trained to work on all of HTRIs research equipment, but with experience,
technicians develop in-depth knowledge and skills and become the principal technician of particular
units. Becky currently works as the lead technician on the Multipurpose Boiling Unit (MBU) and is
the chief technician responsible for the gas chromatograph. She and Steve share that role for the Total
Organic Carbon (TOC) Analyzer.
Collect horizontal tubeside condensation data using internally Individual will conduct qualitative and quantitative flow visualization
finned and micro-finned tubes studies using high speed digital cameras and optical anemometry
Collect inclined tubeside condensation data systems (PIV, PTV, PLIF, LDV, etc.) to measure velocity and other
Analyze experimental data and develop heat and mass scalar fields (size, temperature, concentration) in various types of heat
transfer, as well as pressure drop models and practical design exchangers, piping, mixers, and ancillary equipment.
correlations
Set up, maintain, configure, and calibrate software and
Qualifications hardware for required measurements
Interpret and analyze acquired data to improve predictive
Ph.D. in mechanical or chemical engineering methods for heat transfer and pressure drop
Three years experimental research relevant to the petroleum, Recommend design features in test components and
chemical, or petrochemical industries in at least two of the equipment to facilitate optical access
following areas (dissertation research acceptable): Prepare technical reports and present presentations on
Phase-change heat transfer, particularly for findings
multicomponent mixtures Propose new applications
Flow on tubeside and shellside heat exchangers
Two-phase flow modeling Qualifications
Two-phase flow in geometries of industrial importance
Heat transfer enhancement M.S. or Ph.D. in engineering or physics
Excellent communication and presentation skills (oral and Advanced knowledge of principles and practices of two-phase
written) flow fluid mechanics
Two years hands-on laboratory experience using optical
systems for visualizing and measuring flow velocities in two-
phase gas-liquid flows using PIV, PTV, PLIF, or LDV
Excellent communication and presentation skills (oral and
written)