University of Bath

Department of Economics
ES10003 Introduction to Statistics
Fall 2013
Thanos Mergoupis

Part 1.1: Preliminaries

Multiple choice questions

Select the answer that you think is most appropriate.

1. Consider a six-sided die and the event of throwing a roll less than 3.

A. This event consists of 2 outcomes.

B. The complement of this event is {3,4,5,6}.
C. This event is mutually exclusive with the event of throwing a roll greater than 5.
D. All of the above.
E. None of the above.

2. Any event and its complement:

A. Are mutually exclusive but not necessarily collectively exhaustive.

B. Are collectively exhaustive but not necessarily mutually exclusive.
C. Are collectively exhaustive and mutually exclusive.
D. Are not necessarily collectively exhaustive and not necessarily mutually exclusive.
E. None of the above.

3. If event A and event B are mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive, then:

A. The complement of event A is equal to the complement of event B.

B. Events A and B must be complements of each other.
C. Events A and B are not necessarily complements of each other.
D. All of the above.
E. None of the above.

4. Consider two six-sided dice and the two events the sum of the two dice is greater
than 4 and the sum of the two dice is less than 8.

A. The two events are mutually exclusive.

B. The two events are collectively exhaustive.
C. The two events are complements.
D. All of the above.
E. None of the above.

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5. Consider three six sided dice: one white, one green and one blue. Consider the event
the sum of the three dice equals 5.

A. This event is made up of 7 outcomes.

B. This event is made up of 8 outcomes.
C. This event is made up of 9 outcomes.
D. This event is made up of 10 outcomes.
E. None of the above.

6. Consider two events A and B. We have A B B and A B A .

A. Then B must be the sample space.

B. Then A must be the sample space.
C. Then A must be a subset of B.
D. Then B must be a subset of A.
E. None of the above.

Exercises

For the following three exercises use the sample space S defined as follows:
S {E1 , E 2 , E3 , E4 , E5 , E 6 , E7 , E8 , E9 , E10 }

1. NCT 3.1
Given A {E1 , E3 , E6 , E9 }, define ~ A.

2. NCT 3.2
Given A {E1 , E3 , E7 , E9 } and B {E 2 , E3 , E8 , E9 }
(a) What is A intersection B?
(b) What is the union of A and B?
(c) Is the union of A and B collectively exhaustive?

3. NCT 3.3
Given ~ A {E1 , E3 , E7 , E9 } and ~ B {E 2 , E3 , E8 , E9 }
(a) What is A intersection B?
(b) What is the union of A and B?
(c) Is the union of A and B collectively exhaustive?

4. Two coins are tossed. If A is the event two heads and B is the event two tails,
are A and B mutually exclusive? Are they complements?

5. NCT 3.5,

6. A hat contains 3 balls: 1 white, 1 red, and 1 black. The balls are identical in all
respects except their colour.
(a) Consider the experiment of selecting a ball from that hat without looking at it.
Describe the sample space.

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(b) Consider the following experiment: select a ball from that hat without looking at it,
record its colour, and replace it in the hat. Then repeat. Describe the sample space.
(c) Consider the following experiment: select a ball from that hat without looking at it,
record its colour, and keep it out of the hat. Then repeat. Describe the sample space.

7. Two six-sided dice are thrown. One die is white the other is green. Consider the
following events:
A: the event that the sum of the dice is even.
B: the event that one die is 6.
C: the event that one die is 2.
Describe the following events:
(a) A B , (b) A B , (c) A (~ C ) , (d) (~ B) (~ C )

8. Prove that for any event A, 0 P( A) 1 .

9. Prove that P() 0