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DE INDGENAS A CAMPESINOS
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sociology, agricultural economics and public health that intervened in the design
and application of welfare actions directed towards the indigenous people since
the seventies. The Mexican Indians resigned in many cases to their ethnological
condition of ethnically and culturally differentiated populations, or this condition
was denied to them. They were led to assume the sociological condition of poor and
isolated peasants, as a strategy of dialogue with the governmental and its welfare
agencies, in order to try to recover their land or to reach benefits that were offered
by the policies of social compensation. Only the zapatista rebellion, led by Mayan
Indians in the Chiapas province, in the south-eastern Mexico, will manage to re-
position the Mexican Indian peoples into their ethnic and cultural condition vis--
vis the State and anthropology itself.
K E Y W O R D S Mxico; indigenous people; peasants; indigenismo.
MIRADAS Y PARADIGMAS
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rurales.
El paradigma marginalista, que haba surgido de los
tericos dependentistas de la Cepal, donde participaron
economistas y socilogos como Ral Prebish (1971) y Fernando
Henrique Cardoso (1969), tuvo una especial influencia dentro
de las agencias gubernamentales de desarrollo durante la
administracin de los presidentes Echeverra (1970-1976) y Jos
Lpez Portillo (1976-1982) donde logr desplazar la teora de
Aguirre Beltrn, que haba sido construida expresamente para
las condiciones nacionales. Las experiencias de la Coordina
cin General del Plan Nacional de Zonas Deprimidas y
Grupos Marginados (Coplamar) y del Programa Nacional de
Solidaridad (Pronasol), entre 1977 y 1994, mostraron hasta
donde aquel nuevo indigenismo de mediados de siglo haba sido
engullido por la descentralizacin de la administracin pblica
federal, que trasladaba a manos de los gobiernos de los estados,
dinero, personal, equipo e instalaciones para encargarse ahora
de los marginados, concepto que englobaba sin distinciones a la
poblacin que careca de los ms elementales servicios, no tena
empleo seguro y poblaba la geografa de la pobreza extrema
donde se encontraban tambin los pueblos indios.
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CONCLUSIN
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REFERENCIAS BIBLIOGRFICAS
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