7

-
ElectromagnotcInductiotr
TNnI-HQF SONUTENTS Faraday'slaw 137
Inducedemf in a short lengthof wire 137
Polyphasesystem
n-phase star connected system
249
249
Self-inductance 138 n-phase mesh connected system 250
Seriesconnectedinductors 139 n-phase active power formula 250
Preface
Parallel-connected inductors 140 Three-phasesystem 250
Acknowledgement
Mutualinduction 140 Wye connecled balanced system 251
Dedication 252
Seriescoils with mutualinduclance 141 Delta connected balanced system
Parallelcoils with mutualinductance 142 Wye connecled balanced loads 252
' ,..ii'l:ri llt|ffi. Energystoredin an inductor 142 Neutral current 252
TEST 6 (26 problems) 143 Delta connected balanced or
SOLUTIONSTO TEST 6 150 unbalancedloads 253
Structure of matter 1 Coulombslaw 93 Three-phasepower formulas 253
Electric charge 2 Electrostaticpotential 93 TEST'10 (45 problems) 254
Potentialdifference 2 Electricfield intensity 94 t ghasa AOSy-*tot$rPartt SOLUTIONSTO TEST 1O 265
Electric current 3 Electricflux density 94
Resistance 3 Capacitance 95
Effect of temperature in resistance 4 Seriesconnectedcapacitors o-l 156 Paft2
Insulationresistanceof cables 4
The sinusoidalwave e"@cAG$em:
Voltagedivisiontheorem 98 Sum of two alternatingwaves 't57
Conductance 5 Parallel-connectedcapacitors 98 Sum of more than two out of phase
TEST 1 (30 problems) 6 Chargedivisiontheorem 98 altematingwaves 158 Powermeasurement usinga
SOLUTIONSTO TEST 1 13 Energystored in a chargecapacitor 99 Reactance& impedance 158 wattmeter 281
Elastance 99 Behaviorsof R, L & C in AC circuits 159 3-phasepowermeasurement with
TEST 4 (30 problems) 100 Series AC circuits 159 balancedloadusingonlya single
De'&stdc SFcuti SOLUTIONSTO TEST 4 108 Compleximpedanceequivalents waftmeter 281
ofR,L&C 160 3-phasepowermeasurement using
Ohm'slaw 21 Active, reactive & apparent powers 160 "n" numberof wattmeters 2U
Elec{ricalpower 21
tflgnstlc Gircults Power factor 161 3-phasepowermeasurement using
Eleclrical
& heatenergyequivalents22 Types of power factor 161 "n-1"numberof wattmeters 2U
Seriesconnectedresistors 22 Active powerformulagiven Two-wattmeterreadingswhenload
Forceon a conductorcarrying equationsof voltage& current 161
Voltagedivisiontheorem 23 a currentin a magneticfield 118 is balanced 286
Parallel
connected resistors 23 TEST 7 (48 problems) 162 Powerfaclorcomputation usingthe
Force between two straight wires SOLUTIONSTO TEST 7 173
Currentdivisiontheorem 24 with a current 118 two-wattmeterreadings 286
connectedresistors 24
Series-parallel Magnetomotiveforce 118 TEST11(38problems) 287
Parallel-series
connectedresistors 24 Magneticflux 119 SOLUTIONS TOTEST11 297
Delta& wyeconnectedresistors 25 Magneticflux density 1' t9 t-phasAc,$ *S*2
TEST2 (52problems) 26 Magneticfield intensityor strength 120
SOLUTIONS TO TEST2 38 Permeability 120 Parallel
AC circuits 191 ffi elNtrlem
Magneticfield of an infinitelylong TESTI (36problems) 192
straightwire 121 SOLUTIONS TO TEST8 201 period
Transient 319
tilstwsf(tr$s, & *ttro+em Reluctance 121
RL seriesDCcircuit 319
Permeance 't22
't22 RCseriesDC circuit 32'l
Kirchhoffs law 54
Magneticcircuit l-phaeeAC SlFteril:Ferl3 RLCseriesDCcircuit 323
Reluctancein series 122
Maxwell's mesh method 55 Reluclancein parallel 123 RL seriesAC circuit 324
Superposition theorem 55 Ampere-turnsfor an air gap 123 Admittance, conduclance RCseriesAC circuit 324
Nodal node method 57 Energystoredin a magneticcircuit 123 & susceptance 2'15 RLCseriesAC circuit 325
I l u ! v { ) n t n ' st h e o r em 57 Tractive or lifting force of a magnet 124 Seriesresonance 217 Transienlanalysis
by Laplace
l . l rr r l rr r r ' , ;t h e O f e m 59 Steinmetz'sformula 124 Parallelresonance 217 transformmethod 326
M r l l r r r r r r ' ,l,h e o r e m 61 TEST 5 (24 problems) 125 Non-sinusoidal wave 218 Laplacetransformformulas
' , , , r r r ,r . t r , r r r . , l o r ma tio n m e th o d 62 RMS value of a non-sinusoidal wave 218 applicable
to electriccircuit
SOLUTIONSTO TEST 5 111
i . l ( . r r| i l l rI I | ) rr w i l r l la n sfe r 64 Active power drawn by the circuit 219 analysis 326
ll'.1 I I i,' l'ri'lrk,tils) 65 TEST 9 (44 problems) 220 TEST12(38problems) 327
r,t r||tr rll'. li) ll,,1'l 74 SOLUTIONSTO TEST 9 230 SOLUTIONS TO TEST12 337
 llrrfrumnb&ffimrs _lrm Speed control 422 Frfi,2
T.ransfor,me|;: RelationshipbetweenPulleY
616
TEST 15 (46 problems) diameterand speed
423
SOLUTIONSTO TEST 15 Single-phaseAC inPutrectifier
Ammeter 353 435 617
Delta4elta transformerbank 536 Half wave
Voltmeter 353 I Full wave 617
Delta-wyetransformer bank 537
Ohmmeter 354 I Three-phaseAC inPutrectifier
Wyedelta transformerbank 538
Watthourmeter 354 I Wye-wyetransformerbank 539 Half wave 617
Waftmeterreadingusinga PT I Full wave 618
and a CT 354 Open delta or V-connected 619
transformerbank 540 TEST 21 (25 problems)
Resistance measurement usinga Generatedemf per phase(design) 457 625
Scott or T-connec{edtransformer SOLUTIONSTO TEST 21
voltmeterand an ammeter 355 Frequencyof the generatedemf 457
Generatedemf per phase (circuit) 458 bank 541
Insulationresistanceof cables 355
Short circuittest on alternators Paralleloperationof transformers 541
Wheatstonebridge 356 4s9 543 TransmiesionLines
Slide-wirebridge Open circuittest on alternators 459 TEST 18 (31 probtems)
356 551
Varley looptest DC resistancetest on alternators 460 SOLUTIONSTO TEST 18
357
Murrayloop test 358 Alternatorparametersderivedfrom lnductanceof a single-phase2-wire
Slide-wireMurrayloop test 358 tests 460 633
TEST 13 (33 problems) 359 Per unitvalues 460 3f i-ltis .Infi&tlpn {lotors line
Inductanceof compositeconductor
SOLUTIONSTO TEST 13 368 Voltageregulation 461 lines 633
Powerdevelopedin the armature Slip 562 Geometricmean distancefor various
per phase 461 562 634
Rotor voltage and frequencY conductorset-up
DCGOnerator Power losses& efficiency 461 Equivalentcircuit Per Phase of a AverageinductancePer Phaseof a
Armaturecopperlossesat any size wound rotor induction motor at 3-phasetransmissionline 634
of load 462 standstill 562 Line to line capacitanceof a single
Types of armaturewindings 375 Governor'sspeed regulation(GSR) 462 636
EquivalentcircuitPer Phaseof a phase 2-wireline
Generatedemf equationof a DC gen 376 Characteristic triangleof an alternator463 wound rotor inductionmotor Capacitanceto groundof a single
Types of DC generatorsaccording Paralleloperationof alternators 463 563 636
referred to the stator side phase 2-wireline
to excitation 377 TEST16(42problems) 465 565
No load test Capacitanceto groundof a 3-Phase
Shuntgenerator 377 SOLUTIONS TOTEST16 476 565 636
Locked rotor test transmissionline
Seriesgenerator 378 566 637
DC stator resistancetest Shorttransmissionlines
Long shunt compoundgenerator 378 566 638
Powerflow diagram Mediumtransmissionlines
Short shunt compoundgenerator 378 part {
Transfonnerc: TEST 19 (46 problems) 567 Longtransmissionlines 639
Voltageregulation 379 578 639
SOLUTIONSTO TEST 19 Transmissionline regulation
Powerlosses& efficiency 380 Transmissionline losses& efficiency640
Characteristictriangleof a DC gen 381 441
Inducedemf eouation 495 TEST 22 (40 problems)
Paralleloperationof DC generators 381
TEST 14 (48 problems) 384
Equivalent circuitof an idealtrans. 495 Syncl*onowSotorr SOL U TION STOTEST2 2 651
Equivalentcircuitof a practicaltrans 496
SOLUTIONSTO TEST 14 397 Equivalentcircuitof a practical
Rotor speed 594
transformerat no-load 496 594
PowerFactor Corrections
Equivalentcircuitof a practical EquivalentcircuitPer Phase
OClfotorr transformerat full-load 497 Power& torquedevelopedper phase 595
Shifting transformerparametersfrom Powerlossesand efficiencY 595 Typicalloadsthat operateon to* pt 670
pnmaryto secondaryor vice versa 497 Powerflow diagram 596 Some unwantedeffects with low pf 670
Speed characteristicsof a DC motor 418 TEST 20 (24 Problems) 597 Methods used to correct low Pf
Equivalentcircuitof a transformer
Torquedevelopedin the armature 4',t8 SOLUTIONSTO TEST 20 603 Usinga bank of static condensers 670
referredto the secondaryside 498
Mechanicalpoweroutput 419 Usinga synchronouscondenser 671
Open circuittest on transformers 498
Shuntmotor 419 Shortcircuittest on transformers 499
TEST 23 (38 Problems) . 672
Seriesmotor 4t 9 SOLUTIONSTO TEST 23 682
Longshuntcompoundmotor
Powerlossesand efficiency 499 Gonvertarr & Roctifters
420 Copperlossesat any size of load
Shortshuntcompoundmotor 500
420 Maximumefficiency
Motorstarting 421
s00 RelationshipbetweenAC & DC
All day efficiency 500 614
Speed regulation 42'l voltages
Per unitvalues 501 614
Power losses& efficiency 421 Efficiencyof converters
Voltageregulation 501
Test to determinethe constant Synchronous-synchronous frequency
Autotransformer 501
lossesof a DC machine 422 converters 615
Instrumenttransformers 502
Pony braketest 422 Motor-generator sets 615
TEST 17 (48 problems) 503
Speed reversion 422 SOLUTIONSTO TEST 17 515
 I001 Solved Problems in Electrical Electricity: Basic Print:t1tlt'.t .5

1 ,0 0 0 mi |= 1i nch' ri = radiusof the cable

CM= da 1 M CM = 1,000C M 12= radiusto the outer surfaceof the insulation

I]]TGIO;iliIPTRIIUNT
il RTSISIITGT
Experiments have shown that the resistance of all wires generally used in
practicein electricalsystems,increases as the temperature increases.
G|llIIIUGTIIIGT
Conductance is a measureof the material'sabilityto conductelectriccurrent.
is equal to the reciprocal of resistance.
Siemens (formerlymho) - unit of conductance.Named after the German
engineer,Ernst Werner von Siemens (1816-1892)

.4*lit,

where: Rr = initialresistance(ohm) eh"* uo# 't**iF,

Rz = final resistance(ohm)
T = inferredabsolutetemperature
= temperaturewhen resistanceof a given materialis zero.
6 = conductivity(siemens per meter)
tr = initialtemperature
L = length (meter)
tz = final temperature A = cross-sectionalarea (squaremeter)
At = change in temperature p = specificresistance(ohm-meter)
a = temperaturecoefficientof resistance G = conductance(siemens)
R = resistance(ohm)

Temperaturecoefficientof resistance(cr)- ohmicchangeperdegreeperohm

at somespecified
temperature.

rtsulfiTt0il
Rrstsilrc[0]Gtllts

ffi"
where: p = resistivity
l1

of the insulating
material(ohm-meter)
/ = lengthof cable(meter)
 6 I00l Solved Problems in Electrical Engineering by R RojasJr. TestI 7

A. 2s

kmff
B. 32s
c. 1f2s
D . 12s

Problern 6: EE loerd trlch t99a

: i ,, : : .: ..: ,: r . ::,::,:, .:l ::,::::r ; :1 i ' ' The substationbus bar is made up of 2-ichesroundgopperbars 20 fi. long.
What is the resistanceof eachbar if resistivityis 1.724x 10' ohm-cm.
Problern t:
A. 7.21x 10ohm
A positivelychargeddielectrichas a charge of 2 coulombs.lf 12.5x1018free B. 13.8x 10ohm
electrons are added to it, what will be the net charge on the said dielectric? C., 5.185x 10{ ohm
D. 2.96x 10ohm
A . 4C
B . - 2C Pnobtern ?r EE Do.!d Occober rlqT
c. 8c Determinethe resistanceof a bus bar mgdeof copperif the lengthis 10 meters
D. Zero long and the cross-sectionis a 4 x 4 cm2. Use 1.7241 micro ohm-cm as the
resistivity.
Probternz:
A batterycandeliver10joulesof energyto move5 coulombsof charge.Whatis A. 2.121x10{ohm
the potentialdifferencebetweenthe terminalsof the battery? B. 4.312x1O{ohm
C. 3.431x 10{ohm
A. 2V D, 1.078x 10{ ohm
B. 50V
c. 0.5v Problern tr
D. 5V
Nichromeribbonresistorelementseachhas a resistanceof 1 ohm.The element
is madefrom sheetof nichromealloy,0.025cm thick.lf the widthof the ribbonis 0.3
ProbtemS: cm, what lengthis requiredper element?Assumespecificresistanceof nichrome
A cloudof 2.5 x 1o1eelectronsmovepasta givenpointevery2 seconds.How alloyto be 109pO-cm.
muchis the intensityof the electronflow?

A. 1A A 68.8cm
B. 2A lJ 62.1crn
c. 2.5A O 70.7 cnr
D. 1.5A l) 67.4cm

Probten4: Probtern 9: EE Boerd octobcr rggt

Thecurrentin an electriclampis 5 amperes.what quantityof electricity Onetum of a copperbar is producedby cuftinga oopperwasheralonga radius
flows .urd spreadingthe ends. The washer is cut from soft-drawncopper having a
towardsthefilamentin 6 minutes?
nrsistivity at 20'C of 1.732x10aohm-cm.The washeris 0.125inchthickand has
A. 30C rrrsrdediameterand outsidediameterof 1 inch and 9 inchesrespectively. Calculate
B. 3600C tlrc exact resistancebetweenthe two ends of the tum to direc{current,takinginto
c. 72C .rr;r:ount the non-uniform Assumethe contac{alongthe endsof
cunentdistribution.
D. 1800C tlr) lrrrnto be perfectoverthe entirecross-section.

Problern S: A 1274x10aohm
A constant current of 4 A charges a capacitor.How long will it take to
accumulatea totalchargeof 8 coulombson the plates? tt 1553x10-6ohm
t,. 17.22x
10{ ohm
 I00l Solved Problems in Electrical 'l'esl I I

D. 14.83x 10-6ohm ll O 78ohm

(., 0 93 ohm
Problenr tos EE Board Octobcr r99o l) 0 81 ohm
Determinethe resistance
of a conductor 0.10m long,witha uniformdiameterof
1.0cm and havinga resistivity
whichvariesas a functioiof lengthL measured Problem 15:
from A conductor whosediameteris 0.175inchhasa resistance of 0.5ohm.Thewire
oneendof the conductoraccording to theformula:p = 0.003+ 1O-4L2 ohm_cm. rsdrawnthrougha seriesof diesuntilits diameteris reducedto 0.08inch. Assuming
of
the specificrelistanceof the materialremainsconstant,what is the resistance
A. 0.0852ohm Icn-c;thened
conductor?
B. 0.0915ohm
C,, 0.0806ohm A 11.45c)
D. 0.0902ohm 10.22r)
B
c 12.750
Probten trs EE BoerdApril rgqu
D 10.82cl
A coilhas6,000turnsof wireanda resistanceof 3g0ohms.Thecoilis rewound
withthe samequantity(weight)of wire,but has 13,400turns.Howmanyohmswill
the newcoilhave? Probtenr 16: EE Boatd APril 1995
A certainwire has a resistance of anotherwireidenticalwith
R. The resistance
A.,, 1895ohms thefirstexceptfor havingtwiceits diameteris
B. 1825ohms
C. 1792ohms A4R
D. 1905ohms 1n
B
2
Pnoblem rt EEBoardAprit rgge C. 2R
A copperwireof unknownlengthhas a resistance of 0.g0ohm.By successive 1R
passesthroughdrawingdies,the lengthof the wire is increased D.
to 2 yatimesits 4
originalvalue.Assumingthat resistivityremainsunchangedauring-the drawing
process,determinethe newvalueof its resistance.
Probten 17s
Ai A givenwire has a resistance ol 17.5ohms.lf its lengthis 560 m, how much
40 to 12'5ohms.
lengthmustbe cut-offfromthe wirein orderto reduceits resistance
B. 3cl
c. 5C)
A. 160m
D. 6O 170m
B.
C. 145m
Pnobten lts EE Board October tgga D. 155m
A one-meter rod of 2-cmdiameteris drawnuntilits resistance
is 100timesthe
initialresistance.
lts lengthafierwardis? Probtem tts EE Boatd October rg96
Whatis the sizein squaremillimeter is thecableof 250MCMsize?
1mm2;
N 10m
B. 100m
A. mm2
118.656
C. 12.5m mmz
B, 126.675
D. 5m mm2
C. 112.565
D. mm2
132.348
Probtern a4s EE Board April a993
A kilometer
of wirehavinga diameterof 11.2mmanda resistance of 0.031ohm Probtern t9:
is drawndownso thatits diameteris 5.0 mm.what doesits resistance the diameterin milsof each
become? A S00MCMACSRcablehas37 strands.Determine
strand.
A. 0.85ohm
IO I00I Solved Problems in Electrical Engineerinq by R RoiasJr. Tes,I II

A. 116.25 . Pnobton A.EE Boetdterchtg9t :t

B. 120.24 The resistanceof a wire is 126.48ohms at 100 "C and 100 ohms at 30 'C.
c. 118.34 t)eierminethe temperaturecoefficientof copperat 0 "C.
D. 110.35
A. O.OU27
ProbtsntOr B 0.00615
A coppertransmissionline is to be replacedby one of aluminumhavingthe c 0.0256
same total resistance.lf the cross sec{ionalarea of the copperwire is 500 MCM, o 0.0356
whatwouldbe the crossseclionalareaof the newaluminumwire?
Problen l5:
A. 800MCM TwowiresA & B madefromtwo differentmaterialshavetemperaturecoefficient
B. 820MCM of resistanceequalto 0.0025and 0.0005ohm per'C, respec{ively.lt is desiredto
c. 850MCM makea coil of wire havinga resistanceof 1200ohmswith a temperaturecoefficient
D. 900MCM of 0.001, using suitable lengths of the two given wires connectedin series.
Determine the requiredlengthof wireA?
Pnoblcrn ut EE Donrd October rglS
The resistanceof a copper wire at 30 'C is 50 ohms. lf the temperature A. 5.5m
coefficientof copperat 0'C is 0.0O427,
whatis the resistanceat 100'C? B. 6.2m
C 6.0m
A. 72.26ohms D 5.0m
B. 54.25ohms
C.' 63.24ohms Problern 26s EE Boerd Octobcr t9(tl
D. 58.15ohms Twoheatingelementswhichis 500 ohmsand250 ohmsare connectedin series
withtemperaturecoefficientsof 0.001and 0.003ohmsper 'C, respectively
at 20 'C.
Pnoblentl: Calculatethe effectivetemperaturecoefficientof the combination.
The shuntfield windingof a shuntgeneratorhas a resistrance of B0 ohms at
20'c. Afterseveralhoursof continuousoperation,the windingtemperaturerisesto A. 0.00215
50"c. How much is the winding resistanceunder this condition.Assume the B 0.00626
resistanectemperaturecoefiicientof copperto be 0.004ohm per degreeat 0"C. c. 0.00712
D 0.00167
A. 88.89,O
B. 90.12c) Problen2T:
c. 85.22A A cylindricalrubber insulatedcable has a diameterof 0.18 inch and an
D. 92.81cl thicknessof 0.25inch.lf the specificresistance
rnsulation of rubberis 1014ohm-cm,
determine resistance
the insulation per 1000-ftlengthof the cable.
Pnoblcrnt3l
Thefieldwindingsof a seriesmotorhas a resistanceof 120ohmsat 15"c. After A. 624MO
runningfor two hours,the resistanceincreasesto 140 ohms. lf the temperature B 682 MO
coefficientof the windingsat 0'C is 0.004,find the newtemperatureof the windings. c 678 MO
D. 694 MO
A. 60.4'C
B. 59.2"C
c. 58.4'C Probtem2t:
The diameterof a givenbareconductoris 0.50inch.A thermoplasticinsulation
D. 53.7'C the
insulate Determine
conductor.
withthicknessof 0.1 inch is wrapped around to
lhe insulationresistanceof thisconductorper meter.Assumespecificresistanceof
rhermoplasticinsulationto be 2 x 1014ohm- cm .
 :--""su/tr' KoicBJr'
E L=10mxg=10o0cm .
1m &!!tio^ to TestI Is
* = o* _ (1.7241x
lo:Xlooo) *=
* i, * =* j* *r+10-412)
dL
R = 107.75
x rO. :;;O'

["til,'+[' oo3(1
L=RA_(1X0.o2sxo.3)
n=1[o.oosr-*ro- o)+1o-.[+)]
p 109x10-
L = 08.8crn R = 0.0806O

R=o!
-A
Considera differentiaf
^=o$
Note:Sincethe coil is rewoundwiththe
ebment sameweighto( wire,thusthe vorumes
A=tdr the wire usedin both condition, of
ur. .onrt*l.,nna with the volumeconstant,
L=2nr resistance
vqries
{irectlyasthesguareofthe length.

R = k L2;k = proportionality
constant
6p = P(2rr)
tdr g =[t"f
1
\ : l= -
Rl (L' J
R
xa_= flensfrperturn
On _ tdr ItL]' =l6000./
p(2nr) 3s0-UensrhperrumxN, =
j fl34oo),
/2 Rz = 1895.35Q
o_ t ]or t ,r2
--d =fi(nrr-tnr,1 Note: Assumingthere are.no rosses
l;=;;tn';, rernainsconstant.And with the
in the process,.the
vorumeof the material
volume consent, the resistance
of the material
0.125inch,Gjt!) rqries{irectlyasthe sguareofthe length.
= (rn+s-rnos)
I =aa**.*,gu
G = 64402.25mho
R = k L2; k = proportionality
constant
n' =[.)' L1
p- 1 Rj (t-' j /Hn
1 tryryav

mt'?5 Rz=R,[:.)' =o.roIz.sr-,,'1'-

R = 15.527x
10O L2 = 2. 5L1
\Lrl I Lr )
Rz =5Q
@ A= "c ---.n rl )2
- 4 ? -=i " tt
L=0.1m=10crn R = k L2;k = proportionalig
constant
*=o* *. =[!.)'
R, lL ' / R1
/@ar\
be*-rsu

I ' t,E=,@
' Y R'
(%
q
1 R1 R2= t 00 R1
lE r. , 1 0 m
 1, R,ja'; Jr. Soluti<tnsto'l'cst I 17
^

tr o','i
n=p{=-!v =p'v
" A '- (or,.,
\4 ) areaof the wireto be constant And with the
N,rte,Assumethe coss sectional
Note: Assumingthereare no lossesin the process,the volumeof the material , f()ssscctional constant,
area directlyasthe length'
ofthe wirevaries
resistance
remainsconstant.And with the volumeconstant,the resistance
of the material
vqriesinversely
asthe fourthpowerofthe diameter. R = k L; k=proportionality constant
R, Ir
* = ft=proportionality
constant R1 L1
i'
L,R,_ 560(12.5)
=4oom
R" f d. 'Al
z
-t =
,^ \-----rJ!-r
I
d1 = l l .7mm Rl 17. 5
-=lJ
R 1 [d rJ L, Length
Lengthcut - off = Lr - Lz = 560 - 400
cut-off
Le ngt hcut - of f = 160m
R-z=R ,[q )' = o o r.,fr r'z)4 rc
[dri (. 5 ] %
d2:5 mm 250 MCM = 250,000cM
Rz= 0.93O
C M =d2

d=JcM=rE 0p0o=500mirs = 12.7

mm
* =
#'
ft =proportionatity
constant ' ,,off i#
7.d2 r(2.7)2
&=l.q)'' ^
A=-
44
Rl l d r/ 37-strand ACSRcable
A = 126.67
mm2
R' r=R ,[g ]'=o sfo 1 7 5 14
'[d r) --\o o a J 500MCM= 500,000CM
R z = 1 1 .4 5O = g#'qq = 13513.51CM
Astrand

n=pf= P L=* 'f C M=d 2

rr
!0 , d' d =.JcM= Jr3513sr
4 d = 116. 25m ils
Note:Assurne the lengthofthe two wrresin both conditrons
to beconstant.And
with the lengthconstant, the resrstance
of the wrrevqriesinversely arethe same
in both conditions
Note' Lengths
asth. s,1rar.of
the diameter.
@

k R- = P?L"; p^ =17Q-cMperft
* = ft=proportionality
constant "A.'
i'
R2=td,J R. = P!L": p" = 10.37
Q - cM perft
f o, )' "A.
&
=R,fql'=nf-9.)' R" =Rc
R,
-
) -1)
u2 *zul

\dzj \2d.) P"L" - P"L"

Re A" A"
R" =
'4