Professional Documents
Culture Documents
| Part II
Then it was the turn of the magnificent and wonderful Aidan OSullivan (Heritage
Council/INSTAR) (then just Dr. now Prof.) to talk about: Early medieval Ireland in
northwest Europe, AD 300-1100 - or, whats next for the Early Medieval Archaeology
Project (EMAP)? His stated aim was to reflect on seven years of research and where
we should go next. He was quick to point out that this latter point was extremely
significant and that decisions made now could take another seven years to fulfill
potentially a significant portion of a researchers career. Going back to the pre-Celtic
Tiger days, OSullivan noted that we had knowledge of c.47,000 raths/ringforts &
cashels, c.2,000 crannogs, c.5,500 Early Christian church sites, and a general
understanding that something extraordinary was going on in Ireland from the 6th
century onwards. Since then we have carried out literally thousands of excavations of
Early Christian sites of one kind or another, though most were unpublished and only
available as grey literature. By 2007 a looming publication crisis had been identified
by a UCD foresight committee, in conjunction with the Royal Irish Academy etc, and
was part of the genesis of the INSTAR approach. EMAP was the first INSTAR project
and was a collaboration between UCD and Queens University Belfast that produced
12 PhD scholarships, c.28 peer reviewed papers, and 52 conference papers. Nine major
EMAP reports have been published online and OSullivan stressed the projects
commitment to open access and their firm belief that open access does not harm
formal publication. In 2008 they made available a database of c.3,300 Early Christian
sites. In the following year they published a detailed bibliography for the topic,
followed in 2010 by a 2 volume synthesis of the entire period. In 2011 they published
an account of the archaeology of livestock and cereal production, with a volume in the
following year on rural secular sites. In 2013 they published on the economy of Early
Medieval Ireland. In 2014 they have published one vast volume with the RIA: Early
Medieval Ireland, AD 400-1100: The Evidence from Archaeological Excavations and
another volume in the BAR International Series: Early medieval Dwellings and
Settlements in Ireland, AD 400-1100, BAR S2604. If that werent impressive enough,
there are a further three volumes due to be published with BAR [see here for
the reports, and here for a list of the publications].
With this truly significant body of publications as its basis, OSullivan believes that we
are ready to start formulating new sets of research questions. The first of his questions
that could drive the future direction of Early Christian research is: who were the people
of Early Medieval Ireland? and more importantly who did they think they were?
Such a research pathway would take in their understandings of religious beliefs, along
with other notions of identity, including gender and ethnicity. Next on the list is how
did people live together? Our understanding now is that the vast majority of people
lived in enclosures and that the large numbers of unenclosed settlements have never
been found because they dont exist. The third potential question is: do we see the
emergence of villages in the 9th century? and how do such entities relate to the
economy? Related to this is OSullivans argument that much work remains to be done
on our understanding of the Viking towns. Next on his research shopping list is: how
was agriculture organised? We now know that dairying existed in Ireland in the 6th
and 7th centuries and is not the revolutionary introduction it was once thought to have
been. Other aspects that could be examined are the ways in which people interacted
with natively produced and imported wares (including Gaulish E ware). Other models
that could be examined include the agencies of entrepreneurial merchants or coastal
communities. He also suggests looking at whats being exported from Ireland at this
time, including shoes, slaves, and butter the last attested in a letter that complains
of the sudden scarcity of the commodity in Bobbio, in north-western Italy. Thus, we
should be looking to Europe for distinctively Irish artefacts and evidence of exports.
While we are mulling over which of these interesting and exciting avenues to pursue,
OSullivan notes that current projects include a large-scale review of the various Viking
excavations and another of Liam dePaors excavations at Inis Cealtra. The overall
feeling from OSullivans presentation was that weve done so much important work to
collect the material together and were now at a point where some really interesting
and fundamental questions can be framed, that simply could not have been conceived
of in the pre-Celtic Tiger world.
With the presentation tight up against it for time, we broke for lunch and I think Ill
leave my review here for the present.
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