Flight Operations Manual With Changes Highlighted: School of Aeronautics

School of Aeronautics
Flight Operations Manual
WITH CHANGES HIGHLIGHTED

Dear Professional Pilots,
Welcome to the flight operations portion of Liberty University

School of Aeronautics. Although your flying career serving the Lord
in aviation began the moment you started our program, you are now
entering the exciting arena of taking to the air and flying. Aviation
is fun but requires a high level of discipline. It is imperative that you
come prepared for each ground, simulator, or flight lesson. How well
you do, the total end cost of the program, and how much you enjoy
your experience is directly proportional to how hard you work and how
well you are prepared. Ride-alongs, self and group study habits, and our
desk top trainers are three areas to take advantage of to help you to be
as prepared as possible.
Whether the Lord is calling you to missionary, corporate, airline,

or military flying, professionalism is key. Part of that professionalism will
include knowing the standards of the organization you are flying in.
The information within this Flight Operations Manual covers many of
these aspects for LUSOA flying and will be critical to your success. Much
of this manual will need to be committed to memory as it pertains to
your everyday flight training.
We look forward to helping develop you into a professional

aviator by building habits and procedures that you will use throughout
your career. We also look forward to encouraging you in your walk with
the Lord as He continues to direct your paths.
In Christ,
John Marselus
Assistant Dean Flight Operations
Revision 001: 01 June 2011 i

Intentionally Left Blank
Revision 001: 01 June 2011 ii

Liberty Aviator,
Welcome to the School of Aeronautics!
During your time here at Liberty you will learn how to aviate, navigate,
and communicate. It is my sincere hope that you will dedicate yourself
to becoming the safest, most proficient, and most professional pilot
that you can. The habits you develop here will last a lifetime.
At Liberty, God has given us a perfect safety record. Thats something

we can be proud of, but it is also a great responsibility. Any one of us
could tarnish that record.
Safety is not just my responsibility or the responsibility of the flight

instructors or of your professors; safety is the responsibility of every
single person within the School of Aeronautics. If you see anything that
seems unsafe, say so. If you are asked to do something unsafe, refuse.
If you notice anything, let me know. Fill out an online safety report, call
me, or just swing by the airport. Im always learning from fellow students,
and I would love to know your perspective on our safety program or
anything that you think should be done better.
Learning to fly is one of the most incredible experiences of life. Learning

to fly safely is one of the most rewarding.
Sincerely,
Andrew Walton,
Safety Officer
There is no one like the God of Jeshurun, who rides on the heavens to
help you and on the clouds in his majesty.
Deuteronomy 33:26
Revision 001: 01 June 2011 iii
Revision 001: 01 June 2011 iv

LIST OF EFFECTIVE PAGES

Revision
Section Page Date
Number
List of Effective Pages LOEP-1 2 07/01/2011
Revision Record RR-1 2 07/01/2011
Alert Bulletins ALT-1 2 07/01/2011
Table of Contents TOC-1 2 07/01/2011
Section 1 1-1 2 07/01/2011
Section 1 1-2 2 07/01/2011
Section 1 1-3 2 07/01/2011
Section 1 1-4 2 07/01/2011
Section 1 1-5 2 07/01/2011
Section 1 1-6 2 07/01/2011
Section 2 2-1 2 07/01/2011
Section 2 2-2 2 07/01/2011
Section 3 3-1 2 07/01/2011
Section 3 3-2 2 07/01/2011
Section 4 4-1 2 07/01/2011
Revision 001: 01 June 2011 LOEP-1

Section 4 4-2 2 07/01/2011

Section 4 4-3 2 07/01/2011
Section 4 4-4 2 07/01/2011
Section 5 5-1 2 07/01/2011
Section 6 6-1 2 07/01/2011
Section 6 6-2 2 07/01/2011
Section 6 6-3 2 07/01/2011
Section 6 6-4 2 07/01/2011
Section 6 6-5 2 07/01/2011
Section 7 7-1 2 07/01/2011
Section 7 7-2 2 07/01/2011
Section 7 7-3 2 07/01/2011
Section 7 7-4 2 07/01/2011
Section 7 7-5 2 07/01/2011
Section 7 7-6 2 07/01/2011
Section 8 8-1 2 07/01/2011
Section 8 8-2 2 07/01/2011
Section 8 8-3 2 07/01/2011
Section 8 8-4 2 07/01/2011
Section 8 8-5 2 07/01/2011
Section 8 8-6 2 07/01/2011
Section 8 8-7 2 07/01/2011
Section 9 9-1 2 07/01/2011
Section 9 9-2 2 07/01/2011
Section 9 9-3 2 07/01/2011
Section 9 9-4 2 07/01/2011
Section 10 10-1 2 07/01/2011

Section 11 11-1 2 07/01/2011

Section 11 11-2 2 07/01/2011
Section 11 11-3 2 07/01/2011
Section 12 12-1 2 07/01/2011
Section 13 13-1 2 07/01/2011
Section 13 13-2 2 07/01/2011
Section 13 13-3 2 07/01/2011
Section 14 14-1 2 07/01/2011
Section 15 15-1 2 07/01/2011
Section 15 15-2 2 07/01/2011
Section 16 16-1 2 07/01/2011
Section 16 16-2 2 07/01/2011
Section 17 17-1 2 07/01/2011
Section 17 17-2 2 07/01/2011
Section 18 18-1 2 07/01/2011
Section 18 18-2 2 07/01/2011
Section 19 19-1 2 07/01/2011
Section 19 19-2 2 07/01/2011
Section 19 19-3 2 07/01/2011
Section 19 19-4 2 07/01/2011
Statement of
FORM-A 2 07/01/2011
Understanding
------END-------


REVISION RECORD
Upon receipt of each revision immediately enter the revision
number, date of revision, date inserted and your initials.
Rev # Date of Revision Date of Insertion Initials
Orig. 01/01/2011 01/01/2011 STAN/EVAL
1 07/01/2011 STAN/EVAL
------END-------
Revision 001: 01 June 2011 RR-1

Revision 001: 01 June 2011 RR-2

ALERT BULLETINS
When Bulletins are issued or canceled, enter the relevant
information in the columns below.
Alert Date Next to Date
Entered By
# Entered Page Removed
Revision 001: 01 June 2011 ALT-1

ALERT BULLETINS
Entered By

ALERT BULLETINS
Entered By

ALERT BULLETINS
Entered By


TABLE OF CONTENTS
LOEP List of Effective Pages LOEP-1
RR Revision Record RR-1
ALRT Alert Bulletins ALT-1
Section 1.0 Introduction 1-1
1.1 Operational Directives 1-1
1.2 Manual Currency 1-2
1.3 Definitions 1-3
1.4 Abbreviations / Acronyms 1-4
1.5 FOM Waiver Authority 1-5
1.6 Document Changes 1-5
Section 2.0 Safety Program 2-1
2.1 Safety 2-1
2.2 Safety Reports 2-1
2.3 NASA Reports 2-2
2.4 Safety Themes 2-2
Section 3.0 Administration and Medical Certificates 3-1
3.1 Flight Line Personnel 3-1
3.2 Chain of Command 3-1
3.3 Medical Certificates 3-2
Section 4.0 Operational Policies 4-1
4.1 Required Items 4-1
4.2 Blood and Plasma Donations 4-1
4.3 Logging Flight Time Toward a Certificate 4-2
4.4 Aircraft Use 4-2
4.5 Dress Code - School Year 4-2
4.6 Dress Code - Summer Session 4-3
4.7 Light Sport Aircraft 4-4
4.8 Utilizing Aircraft from Other Sources for LUSOA
Training Purposes 4-4
4.9 Purchasing Pilot Supplies 4-4
4.10 Use of Ink Pens 4-4
Section 5.0 Duty Limitations 5-1
5.1 General 5-1
5.2 Flight Instructor 5-1
5.3 Student 5-1
Section 6.0 Scheduling, Attendance, and Flight Holds 6-1
6.1 General 6-1
6.2 Requirements 6-1
6.3 Scheduling Flight Blocks 6-2
6.4 No-Show Policy 6-2
6.5 Unprepared Policy 6-3
Revision 001: 01 June 2011 TOC-1

6.6 Activity Length 6-3

6.7 Training Records 6-4
6.8 Flight Hold 6-4
6.9 LUSOA Aircraft Rental 6-4
6.10 Transfer Students 6-5
Section 7.0 Flight Training 7-1
7.1 Required Documents 7-1
7.2 Student Solo Flights 7-1
7.3 Cross Country 7-1
7.4 Airport Operations 7-1
7.5 Towered Airports 7-2
7.6 Non-Towered Airports 7-2
7.7 Falwell (W24) Procedures 7-3
7.8 Spin Training 7-3
7.9 Emergency Procedure of the Day 7-3
7.10 Student Preparation 7-6
7.11 Use of Electronic Devices 7-6
7.12 Sterile Cockpit 7-7
Section 8.0 (SPP) Weather Limitations 8-1
8.1 Obtaining Weather 8-1
8.2 Weather Minimum Waivers 8-1
8.3 Instrument Approach Weather Minimums 8-1
8.4 Primary Student Pilots - Airplane 8-2
8.5 Advanced Students and Renter Pilots - Airplane 8-3
8.6 Primary Student Pilots - Helicopter 8-5
8.7 Advanced Student Pilots - Helicopter 8-6
8.8 Icing Conditions 8-7
8.9 Taxiway / Runway Conditions 8-7
8.10 Thunderstorms 8-7
8.11 SIGMETs 8-7
Section 9.0 (SPP) Apron Operations and Taxiing 9-1
9.1 Boarding and Deplaning 9-1
9.2 Seat Position 9-1
9.3 Windscreen Care 9-1
9.4 Pitot Heat 9-1
9.5 Fuel Sampling 9-2
9.6 Fueling (LYH) 9-2
9.7 Fueling (Away from LYH) 9-2
9.8 Fueling (Self Service) 9-2
9.9 Propeller Safety 9-3
9.10 Taxiing Operations 9-3
9.11 Towered Airports 9-3
9.12 Non-Towered Airports 9-4

9.13 Falwell (W24) Procedures 9-4

Section 10.0 (SPP) Fire Precautions and Procedures 10-1
10.1 Fire Precautions 10-1
10.2 Aircraft Fires on the Ground 10-1
10.3 Aircraft Fires in Flight 10-1
Section 11.0 (SPP) Dispatch and Redispatch Procedures 11-1
11.1 Dispatch Schedule 11-1
11.2 Check-In 11-1
11.3 Authorization 11-1
11.4 Ramp-Out 11-1
11.5 Ramp-In 11-2
11.6 After Hours Ramp-In 11-2
11.7 Activity Completion 11-3
11.8 Redispatch Procedures 11-3
11.9 Overnight or Multi-day Cross Country Procedures 11-3
11.10 Male and Female Students/Instructors on Overnight Trips 11-3
Section 12.0 (SPP) Practice Area Operations 12-1
12.1 Practice Area Use 12-1
Section 13.0 (SPP) Maintenance Procedures 13-1
13.1 General 13-1
13.2 Aircraft Discrepancy Log (ADL) 13-1
13.3 Entering Discrepancies 13-1
13.4 Discrepancies Entered in Error 13-2
13.5 ADs / Inspections 13-2
13.6 Resetting Circuit Breakers 13-3
Section 14.0 (SPP) Parking and Securing Aircraft 14-1
14.1 Aircraft Parking 14-1
14.2 Aircraft Parking Priority 14-1
14.3 Securing Aircraft 14-1
Section 15.0 (SPP) Fuel Requirements 15-1
15.1 Fuel Reserves (Airplane) 15-1
15.2 Fuel Reserves (Helicopter) 15-1
15.3 Minimum Fuel 15-1
15.4 Emergency Fuel 15-2
Section 16.0 (SPP) Collision Avoidance 16-1
16.1 Collision Avoidance (Ground Operations) 16-1
16.2 Collision Avoidance (Air Operations) 16-1
16.3 Aircraft Lighting 16-1
Section 17.0 (SPP) Altitude Limitations and Simulated
Emergency Procedures 17-1
17.1 Altitude Limitations 17-1
17.2 Simulated Emergency Procedures 17-2
Section 18.0 Abnormal / Emergency Operations 18-1

18.1 General / Definitions 18-1

18.2 Emergency Authority 18-1
18.3 Aircraft Structural Inspection 18-1
18.4 Bird Strikes 18-2
18.5 Pilot Incapacitation 18-2
18.6 Intercept Procedures 18-2
Section 19.0 Stage Checks, Practical Tests, and Knowledge Tests 19-1
19.1 General 19-1
19.2 Stage Checks 19-1
19.3 Unsatisfactory Stage Checks 19-2
19.4 FAA Written Knowledge Tests 19-3
Forms A Statement of Understanding FORM-A
-----------END----------


SECTION 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 OPERATIONAL DIRECTIVES
1. The Liberty University School of Aeronautics (LUSOA) Flight Operations
Manual (FOM) is a publication produced for the use of all Liberty University
students, instructor pilots, and staff.
2. In addition to this publication, all flight training must be completed in
accordance with:
A. Liberty University Flight Training Syllabus.
B. Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations.
C. The applicable Pilot Operating Handbook.
3. The purpose of this publication is to ensure the safe and efficient operation of
all Liberty University flight operations.
4. Compliance with the policies outlined within this FOM is mandatory.
Failure to comply can result in suspension or removal from the LUSOA
flight program.
5. Each student and flight instructor must possess a current copy of this FOM.
6. One copy of this FOM must be aboard the aircraft for all LUSOA flights.
7. Common sense mandates it would be impossible to provide rules to govern
every aspect of a pilot's training.
Your success is largely determined by your ability to exercise common
sense and good judgment.
8. All pilots are required to familiarize themselves with the contents of this FOM.
A. All pilots will be required to sign a "Statement of Understanding" on ETA.
9. All flights completed on behalf of Liberty University or Falwell Aviation by
Liberty University staff must comply with this publication.
10. Suggested Changes
All pilots should notify the Director of Flight Operations (DO) or the
Director of Stan/Eval (DSE) of any suggested procedural changes which
would enhance safety or operational efficiency.
Revision 001: 01 June 2011 1-1

1.2 MANUAL CURRENCY

1. Pilots will not fly with outdated publications.
2. It is the responsibility of each pilot to ensure that all applicable flight
publications are current.
3. The currency date for FAA Publications is published on each individual
publication.
4. The currency date for LUSOA publications is published on each individual
publication. The current version in use can be determined by referring to the
LUSOA Manual Currency List.
5. The LUSOA Manual Currency List contains a comprehensive listing of all
LUSOA flight publications and currency dates.
6. The LUSOA Manual Currency List can be found:
A. On-line -LUSOA Home Page
B. Airport Campus (LYH) - LU Notice Bulletin Board
7. Publication Updates
A. Updates to LUSOA manuals and checklists will be published as deemed
necessary.
B. Updates will come in the form of either a:
I. Revision or
II. Alert Bulletin
8. Revision System
A. Numbered publication revisions will be periodically published containing
information that does not affect flight safety or is not considered time
critical.
B. The revision will include posting instructions.
C. Revision Posting Instructions
I. Follow the instructions included with the revision.
II. Remove and replace pages as directed.
III. Make written pen/ink changes as directed. Complete the Record of
Revisions Log located in the front section of the publication.
Note: The Record of Revision Log is the primary method used by
the FAA to determine manual currency.
9. Alert Bulletin System
A. The Alert Bulletin System provides timely updates to the FOM.
B. These updates either affect flight safety or are considered time critical.
C. This updated information will be incorporated in the next FOM revision.
D. Alert Bulletin Posting Instructions
I. Each Alert Bulletin will contain instructions, located at the bottom of
the Bulletin, for placement.
II. After installing the Alert Bulletin in the appropriate location, complete
the Alert Bulletin table, in the Alert Bulletin section of the appropriate
document.

E. Distribution
I. Publication updates will be distributed electronically as well as in
paper format through the flight instructors and the Standardization/
Evaluation office.
1.3 DEFINITIONS
1. General Terminology:
Gender:
In this manual the male gender is used in a generic sense to designate
both sexes.
2. May:
Used in a permissive sense to state authority or permission to do the act
prescribed.
3. Should:
A. Used in a permissive sense to state authority or permission.
B. Compliance is recommended, but not mandatory.
4. Will, Shall, Must:
A. Used in an imperative sense to state the requirement to accomplish the
act prescribed.
B. Compliance is mandatory.
5. Warning:
An instruction about a hazard that is used when discussing operating
procedures, techniques, and other related procedures, which may result in
personal injury or loss of life, if not carefully followed.
6. Caution:
Used when discussing operating procedures, techniques, and other
related procedures that may result in damage to, or destruction of, the
equipment if not carefully followed.
7. Note:
Used when discussing operating procedures, techniques, and other
related procedures, which are considered essential to emphasize.
8. Cross Country Flights:
Flights greater than 50 NM from the original departure point.
9. Flight Hold:
Temporary suspension of flight training. Refer to: Section 4.5.
10. Solo:
A. Sole occupant of the aircraft in any course.
B. Students carrying passengers without an instructor aboard the aircraft
shall adhere to solo limitations.
11. Students:
Refers to all trainee pilots regardless of certificates or ratings.

12. Primary Flight Students:

Students who have not completed their Private Pilot certification.
13. Advanced Flight Students:
Students who have completed their Private Pilot certification.
14. Supervisor of Flying (SOF):
A. Rotated position among ADO/DO.
B. Responsible for:
I. Approving FOM waivers.
II. Handling all after-hours dispatch operations.
III. Handling initial response to emergency situations.
IV. Approving all solo dispatches.
V. Establishing daily weather alternate (as needed).
1.4 ABBREVIATIONS / ACRONYMS

AD.......................Airworthiness Directive
ADL.....................Aircraft Discrepancy Log
ADO....................Associate Director of Flight Operations
AFM....................Airplane Flight Manual
AME....................Aviation Medical Examiner
A/FD...................Airport Facilities Directory
ATC......................Air Traffic Control
ATD.....................Advanced Training Device
ATP......................Airline Transport Pilot
CFI.......................Certified Flight Instructor
CFR.....................Code of Federal Regulations
CTAF...................Common Traffic Advisory Frequency
DO.......................Director of Flight Operations
DO/ADO...........Director of Flight Operations OR
Associate Director of Flight Operations
DSE.....................Director of Standardization / Evaluation
ETA......................Education and Training Administration
Estimated Time of Arrival
FAA.....................Federal Aviation Administration
FAR......................Federal Aviation Regulations
FITS.....................FAA Industry Training Standards
FOM....................Flight Operations Manual
FTD.....................Flight Training Device (PCATD/Redbird/FlyIt)
FSS......................Flight Service Station
IAP......................Instrument Approach Procedure
IAW.....................In Accordance With
IFR.......................Instrument Flight Rules
IMC.....................Instrument Meteorological Conditions

IP.........................Instructor Pilot
LUSOA...............Liberty University School of Aeronautics
LYH......................Lynchburg Regional Airport
N/A.....................Not Authorized
NM......................Nautical miles
PF........................Pilot Flying
PIC.......................Pilot in Command
PNF.....................Pilot Not Flying
POH....................Pilot's Operating Handbook
PTS......................Practical Test Standards
RFM....................Rotorcraft Flight Manual
SM.......................Statute miles
SOF.....................Supervisor of Flying
SOP.....................Standard Operation Procedures
SPP......................Safety Practices and Procedures
TSA.....................Transportation Security Administration
VFR......................Visual Flight Rules
VMC....................Visual Meteorological Conditions
1.5 FOM WAIVER AUTHORITY

1. To meet training requirements pilots may occasionally seek to operate in
conditions restricted by the FOM. The SOF may make exceptions to these
policies in the interest of fulfilling the LUSOA mission and objectives.
2. These exceptions may not supersede or contradict any regulatory
requirements.
3. For deviation approval pilots must submit a FOM Waiver Form.
A. The FOM Waiver Form must be approved by the SOF.
B. The form must be carried by the pilot during the flight.
C. The form must be turned into the DSE following completion of the flight
for tracking purposes.
4. The DO is not authorized to approve his own waiver request.
5. The approval authority for a DO submitted FOM Waiver Form is the Assistant
Dean of the LUSOA.
1.6 DOCUMENT CHANGES
1. Recommendations for changes to any LUSOA document should be made

using the RECOMMENDATION FOR CHANGE OF PUBLICATION form, FORM
847.
2. This form is available in the document box at the Freedom Aviation Jet Center
and online at the LUSOA home page.

3. Once complete, the form should be submitted to the Director of

Standardization and Evaluation.
4. Document change recommendations will be reviewed by the Directors of
Standardization and Evaluation, Safety, and Operations.
----------END----------

SECTION 2
SAFETY PROGRAM
2.1 SAFETY
1. Safety is the number one priority of the LUSOA.
2. Safety is the responsibility of every individual, from the flight student to the
Director of Flight Operations.
3. If something looks, feels, or seems unsafe, it is your responsibility to make it
known.
4. Never assume that your flight instructor is aware of something you have
noticed.
5. A student or flight instructor may terminate a flight at any time in the interest
of safety.
2.2 SAFETY REPORTS

1. Safety reports may be filed electronically:
http://www.liberty.edu/aviationsafety
2. All students and instructors are encouraged to file safety reports.
These reports allow LUSOA to improve operations and learn from the
observations and experiences of others.
3. Safety reports may be filed anonymously.
4. Safety reports are read only by the Director of Safety.
5. Sensitive information will always be kept anonymous.
6. Reasons for filing safety reports include:
A. Accidents and incidents.
B. Situations that could have led to an accident or incident.
C. Policies or procedures that could be improved.
D. Misunderstandings regarding weather or aerodynamics.
E. Confusing runway or taxiway markings.
F. Lack of professionalism or an error on the part of ATC.
G. Anything else you would like to bring to the attention of the Director of
Safety.

2.3 NASA REPORTS

1. The FAA established the Aviation Safety Reporting System (ASRS) to
gather information about deficiencies and discrepancies in the aviation
community.
2. NASA administers this program to ensure anonymity for the parties involved
and to encourage a free and unrestricted flow of information.
3. Filing an ASRS report may grant relief from license suspension or monetary
fines for altitude/clearance deviations and other FAR violations if the person
completing the report satisfies the following criteria:
A. The violation was inadvertent and not deliberate
B. The violation does not involve a criminal offense or accident
C. The pilot involved does not have any history of FAR violations within the
last five years
4. A pilot may only be granted relief once in any five-year period.
NASA ASRS forms are available online at:
http://asrs.arc.nasa.gov/
5. A pilot involved in, or observing a situation that he feels would warrant filing
of an ASRS may discuss the situation with the DO/ADO or Director of Safety
prior to completing the report.
2.4 SAFETY THEMES
1. At the beginning of each semester the Director of Safety will establish a safety
theme for each month of the semester.
2. Each safety theme will have a completion requirement and deadline.
3. If a student fails to meet the completion requirement before the deadline, a
flight hold will be placed on their ETA account until they meet the requirement.
4. If a student fails to complete a lesson because of the flight hold, they will be
charged for a no-show.
For more information regarding no-shows and flight holds, see Section 6,
Scheduling, Attendance, and Flight Holds.
---------END---------

SECTION 3
ADMINISTRATION AND MEDICAL CERTIFICATES
3.1 FLIGHT LINE PERSONNEL
Position Name Phone Number
Assistant Dean LUSOA John Marselus (434) 237-8140
Director
James Mashburn (434) 258-4040
Flight Operations
Associate Director
Josh Clark (434) 426-3331
(Chief Scheduler)
Associate Director
Hunter Cox (434) 401-7916
(Private)
Associate Director
Bruce Barnhart (434) 229-3439
(Instrument)
Associate Director
Peter Spahr (434) 851-0748
(Commercial)
Associate Director
Marc Curley (814) 771-1931
(Multi-Engine)
Associate Director
Don Childs (434) 238-2435
(Helicopter)
Director of Safety Andrew Walton (336) 409-0921
Director of Standardization and
Jason Hammond (434) 420-6995
Evaluation
Supervisor of Flying N/A (434) 221-4143
LU Flight Operations
N/A (434) 237-8140
(Dispatch)
3.2 CHAIN OF COMMAND

1. Students should attempt to resolve problems at the lowest level possible.
2. The following chain of command will be used for problem resolution.
A. Flight Instructor
B. ADO
C. DO
D. LUSOA Assistant Dean
E. LUSOA Dean

3.3 MEDICAL CERTIFICATES

1. All new flight students are required to possess a current Class I or Class II
Medical Certificate prior to beginning flight training.
2. Following the expiration of the initial Medical Certificate flight students must
maintain a minimum of Class III Medical privileges.
3. Medical Certificates must be issued by an Aviation Medical Examiner (AME).
4. Medical Examiners may be located using the FAA Medical Examiner Locator
tool on the FAA webpage (http://www.faa.gov).
5. The following is an alphabetical listing of several local medical examiners:
A. Dr. Louis J. Castern, M.D. / Dr. Darrel F. Powledge, M.D.
Valley Occupational Medicine
512-B McDowell Ave. NE
Roanoke, VA 24016
(540) 362-9620
B. Dr. Hetzal Hartley, M.D.

Carilion Occupational Medicine
101 Elm Ave. SE
Roanoke, VA 24013
(540) 985-8521
C. Dr. Paul H. Lilly, Jr., M.D.

Physicians Treatment Center
2832 Candlers Mountain Rd.
Lynchburg, VA 24502
(434) 239-3949
D. Dr. Richard S. Williams, M.D.

130 Wedgewood Dr.
Farmville, VA 23901
(434) 392-1745
E. Dr. Michael A. Zittle, D.O., F.A.C. O.E.M.

East Berlin Family Care Center
312 Harrisburg Street
East Berlin, PA 17316
(717) 259-0222
FAX; (717) 259-6348
----------END----------

SECTION 4
OPERATIONAL POLICIES
4.1 REQUIRED ITEMS

1. Students will be required to purchase or obtain the following materials prior
to beginning flight training:
A. LUSOA Syllabus (For each course enrolled)*
B. LUSOA Flight Operations Manual*
C. LUSOA Aircraft Training Guide (For each aircraft flown)*
D. Pilot Information Manual (For each aircraft flown)*
E. Airplane Flying Handbook*
F. Pilots Handbook of Aernoautical Knowledge*
G. Liberty University Oral Exam Guide**
H. FAA Practical Test Standards (For each course enrolled)*
I. Current FAR / AIM*
J. Current Sectional Chart
K. Current Airport / Facility Directory (A/FD)
L. Aviation Headset (Not required until Lesson 5)
M. Aviation Logbook
N. E-6B Flight Computer
O. Chart Plotter
P. Liberty University Aviation Badge**
Q. View Limiting Device
R. Mini Flashlight
S. Risk Management Handbook
T. Advanced Avionics Handbook
U. Aviation Weather Services
V. Flight Gear Bag (sold by Sportys)
W. Flight Gear Kneeboard (sold by Sportys)
X. LUSOA Inflight Guide***
NOTE: * - available at no charge in electronic format, online.
NOTE: ** - available for purchase through the Department of Aviation Office.
NOTE: *** - must be purchased from the Standardization and Evaluation
Department.
NOTE: Students may purhcase any combination of the required items from
any source they choose. Students are not required to purchase items through
any particular vendor.
4.2 BLOOD AND PLASMA DONATIONS

1. Flight within 72 hours of a blood donation or transfusion is prohibited.
2. Flight within 12 hours of a plasma donation is prohibited.

4.3 LOGGING FLIGHT TIME TOWARD A CERTIFICATE
Once enrolled in a Liberty training course, any flight training or flight time
accumulated outside of a Liberty syllabus, or from a source other than
the LUSOA, will not be credited towards a certificate, without the express
permission of the Assistant Dean of Operations.
4.4 AIRCRAFT USE
1. No pilot shall use Liberty University aircraft for commercial purposes.

2. No pilot shall conduct formation flights unless authorized by the DO.
3. No solo pilot shall operate an aircraft from the right front seat unless that pilot
is:
A. Enrolled in an instructor pilot training program,
B. Has been approved by the SOF/DO, and
C. Is flying in VFR conditions.
D. Or A Liberty Flight Instructor
4.5 DRESS CODE - SCHOOL YEAR

The following dress code is being introduce Fall 2011. Items denoted by will
not be enforced this semester. Any items not denoted by will be enforced
this semester.
The school year is defined as the period of time from the beginning of classes
of an academic year to the first Monday following graduation for the same
academic year. This period includes the following school breaks : Fall, Spring,
Thanksgiving, Christmas, and Easter. For Summer Dress Code see Section 4.6.
1. All Students:
A. Closed-toe shoes will be worn for all flight, ground, ride-along, and
simulator activities in any LUSOA building. Crocs, birkenstocks, sandals,
or flip flops are not permitted.
B. No loose jewelry (necklaces, earrings, etc.) is permitted.
C. No loose clothing (scarves, baggy pants, loose shirts/sweaters, etc.) is
permitted.
D. For winter flying (November through February), pilots are required to carry
an appropriate winter jacket.
2. Male Students:
A. Clean slacks or khakis must be worn for all flight or ground related
activities. Jeans and cargo pants are not permitted.
B. Collared shirts are required for all ground and flight activities and must
be tucked in.
C. Sweatshirts or hoodies may be worn over a collared shirt but may not
contain large graphics.

3. Female Students:
A. Clean slacks or khakis must be worn for all flight or ground related
activities. Capri pants, jeans, and cargo pants are not permitted.
B. Collared shirts or business attire blouses are required for all ground and
flight activities and must be tucked in.
C. Dresses and skirts are not permitted.
D. Sweatshirts or hoodies may be worn over a collared shirt but may not
contain large graphics.
E. When operating an aircraft or training device, flat shoes are required.
4. Failure to Comply with Dress Code Policy
A. Failure to comply with the dress code will result in the student being
charged with an unprepared no-show.
B. See Section 6.5 for Unprepared No-Show Policy.
5. For Stage Check Dress Code Policies see Section 19.2 Paragraph J.
4.6 DRESS CODE - SUMMER SESSION

T he summer period is defined as the period of time from the first Monday
following graduation to the beginning of classes for the following academic
year.
1. All Students:
A. Closed-toe shoes will be worn for all flight, ground, ride-along, and
simulator activities in any LUSOA building. Crocs, birkenstocks, sandals,
or flip flops are not permitted.
B. No loose jewelry (necklaces, earrings, etc.) is permitted.
C. No loose clothing (baggy pants, loose shirts, etc.) is permitted.
2. Male Students:
A. Clean slacks, khakis or shorts may be worn for flight or ground related
activities.
B. Collared shirts are required for all ground and flight activities and must be
tucked in.
3. Female Students:
A. Clean slacks, khakis or shorts may be worn for flight or ground related
activities. Capri pants are permitted.
B. Shorts must be knee length when standing.
C. Collared shirts are required for all ground and flight activities and must be
tucked in.
D. Dresses and skirts are not permitted.
E. When operating an aircraft or training device, flat shoes are required.
4. Failure to comply with the dress code will result in the student being charged
with an unprepared no-show. See Section 6.5 for Unprepared No-Show Policy.
5. For Stage Check Dress Code Policies see Section 19.2 Paragraph J.

4.7 LIGHT SPORT AIRCRAFT

1. T he Cessna 162 Skycatcher is classified as a Light-Sport Aircraft and holds a
special airworthiness certificate. As such, 14 CFR 91.327 (e) is applicable.
2. Each person operating an aircraft issued a special airworthiness certificate
in the light-sport category must advise each person carried of the special
nature of the aircraft and that the aircraft does not meet the airworthiness
requirements for the an aircraft issued a standard airworthiness certificate.
3. Each person operating an aircraft issued a special airworthiness certificate
in the light sport category must operate the aircraft in accordance with
the aircrafts operating instructions, including any provisions for necessary
operating equipment specified in the aircrafts equipment list.
4.8 UTILIZING AIRCRAFT FROM OTHER SOURCES FOR

LUSOA TRAINING PURPOSES
1. On occasion, aircraft from other sources (including FBOs, Flight Schools, etc.)
may be employed for a period of time to complete a students flight training
course.
Approval from the Director of Flight Operations and the Assistant Dean
of Operations is required before any training flights may be conducted in
non-LUSOA aircraft.
4.9 PURCHASING PILOT SUPPLIES
A. Students must obtain all of the required items listed in Section 4.1.
B. Students may purchase these items from any combination of local or
online stores.
I. Recommended online vendors include: PilotShop.com, MyPilotStore.
com, and Sportys.com.
II. Freedom Aviation also provides a pilot shop, Monday through Friday.
-----------END-----------

SECTION 5
DUTY LIMITATIONS
5.1 GENERAL
1. Duty Period: A period of time that starts at the beginning of the first scheduled
activity of the day and ends with a rest period.
2. Scheduled Activity includes but is not limited to:
A. Academic Classes
B. Meetings
C. Airport Activities
D. Any Employment (Including LUSOA)
3. Rest Period: a continuous period of 8 hours of uninterrupted time away from
scheduled activities. This period should include a minimum of 6 hours of sleep.
4. Contact Time: Is defined as any time spent in contact with a student, including
ground lessons, simulator lessons, or flight lessons.
5.2 FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR

Flight Instructors are limited to:
A. Maximum 16-hour duty period that must be preceded by a rest period.
B. No more than 8 hours of flight training in any 24-consecutive hour period.
C. No more than 12 contact hours in any 24-consecutive hour period.
D. No more than 60 contact hours in any 7-consecutive day period.
E. Working no more than 12 consecutive days without at least one day free
of LUSOA employment.
5.3 STUDENT
1. Flight students are limited to:
A. Maximum 16-hour duty period that must be preceded by a rest period.
B. Four solo-hours per calendar day unless authorized by the SOF/DO.
2. All solo flights must be ramped in prior to midnight.
----------END----------

SECTION 6
SCHEDULING, ATTENDANCE, AND FLIGHT HOLDS
6.1 GENERAL
Consistent Flying
A. Consistent flight training is the key to steady progress and reduced costs.
B. Consistency refers to both ground and flight training.
C. Any interruption or delay in training will require additional time and
expense.
6.2 REQUIREMENTS
1. Prior to being assigned a flight block, each student must have:
A. 3-hour time block available, three times per week.
B. Finances, 1 of the 2 following conditions must be met:
I. Financial check-in for Liberty University, for the flight course enrolled,
must be completed.
II. Minimum of $2000.00 must be deposited in the students flight
account maintained by Falwell Aviation.
i. Flight costs, flight supplies, and practical test fees can all be
deducted from the flight account.
ii. Students who wish to withdraw their money from their flight
account must receive authorization from a DO/ADO.
iii. The process may take 3 to 5 business days to process.
C. Medical Certificate. Refer to: Section 3.3
D. Student Pilot Certificate.
2. For Domestic Students
A. Proof of Citizenship
I. Passport or
II. Birth Certificate with Photo I.D.
3. For International Students:
A. TSA Approval
B. Complete paperwork in the Aviation Office.

6.3 SCHEDULING FLIGHT BLOCKS

1. Each semester flight students will be required to submit a Flight Block
Availability Form.
A. Students will identify periods of availability of at least three hours in
length.
B. These periods of availability do not have to conform to a standard class
schedule (i.e. Monday, Wednesday, Friday, and Tuesday, Thursday).
C. Periods of availability may exist on Saturday.
2. The deadline for the submission of the form will be determined by the Chief
Scheduler.
3. Flight blocks will be assigned by the Chief Scheduler prior to the start of the
academic semester.
6.4 NO-SHOW POLICY

1. An absence excused by the ADO will not result in a No-Show.
2. Students are required to be at the airport a minimum of 15 minutes prior to
any scheduled activity.
A. Students failing to check-in prior to their scheduled check-in time are
considered to be a No-Show.
B. Students are required to report to their scheduled activity regardless of
the weather conditions, unless previously notified by their flight instructor.
3. Activity Cancellation
A. All cancellations must be approved by the SOF.
B. Cancellations should be made prior to 1800 local the day before the
scheduled activity.
C. A No-Show Fee will be assessed for any cancellation made after 1800 local
time, the day prior to the scheduled activity.
4. Instructor No-Show
If an instructor does not notify their student of a cancelled flight block prior
to 1800 local time, the day prior to the scheduled activity, the student will
then receive 2 hours of free ground instruction.
5. Failure to complete ETA check-in on-time due to an account balance of less
than $200.00 will result in a No-Show.
A. It is the students responsibility to monitor the balance of their Falwell
Aviation account and maintain the minimum dollar value.
B. Deposits to this account may only be made during normal business hours,
Monday through Friday.
6. In the event of a medical illness, a doctors note or a RA note is required to be
credited with an excused absence from a scheduled activity.
7. Unexcused No-Show Fees
A. First No-Show; $50.00

B. Second No-Show; $100.00

I. Two No-Shows will require the student to meet with their ADO to
determine the students eligibility to continue flight training.
C. Greater than Two No-Shows; $100.00 or removal from course
I. Three No-Shows will require the student to meet with the DO.
II. A student removed from a course will not be eligible to return to the
flight schedule until the following academic semester.
6.5 UNPREPARED POLICY

1. A student who does not demonstrate appropriate preparedness for the lesson
will be considered unprepared and will be recorded as an unprepared No-
Show.
A. Students deemed unprepared for a flight lesson will not fly the scheduled
lesson and will be charged for 2 hours of ground instruction in addition to
any actual ground instruction time received.
B. Students deemed unprepared for a ground lesson will be charged for 2
hours of ground instruction in addition to any actual ground instruction
time received.
6.6 ACTIVITY LENGTH

1. Local Flights
Local flights are generally dispatched for 1.5 hours, with 0.5 pre-brief, and
0.5 post-brief.
2. Cross Country Flights
Cross-country flights are dispatched with at least a 2.5-hour time block.
3. ATDs
Scheduled for a 1.0 hour block.
4. Longer periods of time may be requested for all activity types.
5. To maintain schedule integrity, all flights must be ramped-in by the scheduled
Due-Back time.
6. If the flight will be unable to return by the assigned Due-Back time, notify
Dispatch or the SOF if practicable.
7. Failure to ramp in by the Due-Back time will require the student and/or
instructor to complete the Late Ramp-in Form.
A. The Late Ramp-In Form will be returned to the Dispatch Desk.
B. More than one late return may result in disciplinary action.

6.7 TRAINING RECORDS

1. Training records will be regularly reviewed by the DO/ADO for correct
documentation.
2. In the ETA line item comment field flight instructors are required to comment
on each below-standard line item on every flight.
3. Flight Instructors will provide the DO with the final semester grade for each
student before the last week of each semester.
4. If conducting training in a Falwell Aviation managed aircraft, all charges for
the flight, including instruction, must be recorded in ETA.
6.8 FLIGHT HOLD

1. Students will be restricted from participating in training operations if they
have been placed on a flight hold.
2. Financial Hold
Used at the discretion of the DO for students who are unable to maintain a
minimum of $200.00 in their Falwell Aviation student account.
3. Operational Hold
A student may be operationally grounded for violation of LUSOA policies
or FAA regulations.
4. Mishap Hold
A. Used at the discretion of the DO for students or instructors involved in any
incident or accident involving injury or damage to persons or property.
B. This flight hold does not assign blame; it is a precautionary action until the
cause has been determined.
5. Medical Hold
A. Students may be medically held if suffering from an extended illness.
B. If medical condition persists the student may be removed from the flight
schedule after meeting with the DO.
6.9 LUSOA AIRCRAFT RENTAL

1. LUSOA will allow students and instructors to rent aircraft for personal use
provided:
A. The student/instructor is appropriately rated and qualified for the make
and model of aircraft.
B. The student meets the Recent Experience requirements as outlined in:
I. Section 7-2
II. 14 CFR 61.56 - Flight Review
III. 14 CFR 61.57 - VFR/IFR Currency
2. Each student rental flight must be approved by the DO/ADO prior to dispatch.

3. The pilot must have a signed Rental Agreement on file with Liberty University.
4. All LUSOA rental flights must be conducted in accordance with the procedures
contained within this manual.
5. Flight time accumulated on rental flights conducted outside of a Liberty
syllabus and/or without authorization of a LUSOA IP will not be credited
towards a certificate.
6.10 TRANSFER STUDENTS

1. To maintain the highest standards possible among our graduates, LUSOA has
established strict guidelines for transfer students.
2. Transfer students with a completed certificate or rating will not automatically
be enrolled in the subsequent training program.
3. Each transfer student must complete the approved LUSOA evaluation flight(s)
with the DO/ADO for the appropriate rating held, as outlined in ETA.
If the evaluation results do not meet LUSOA standards a flight instructor
will be assigned to complete the necessary training.
4. Each transfer student with a partially completed certificate or rating will
complete a stage check in order to determine the appropriate placement in
the curriculum.
5. Instrument Ground (AVIA310) and Commercial Ground (AVIA315) ground
schools must be completed at Liberty University unless transferring from an
accredited college or university.
6. Students transferring flight hours from a 14 CFR Part 141 flight school will only
be eligible to transfer a maximum of 50% of the total hours of the course they
are transferring to.
7. Students transferring flight hours from a non-14 CFR Part 141 flight school will
only be eligible to transfer a maximum of 25% of the total hours of the course
they are transferring to.
----------END----------

SECTION 7
FLIGHT TRAINING
7.1 REQUIRED DOCUMENTS
All pilots must have the following documents in their possession during all
flight training or flight duty:
A. FAA Airman Certificate
B. Current FAA Medical Certificate
C. Government Issued Photo ID
D. Liberty University Aviation Badge
E. Logbook with Applicable Endorsements (Pre-Private Students)
7.2 STUDENT SOLO FLIGHTS

1. Pre-Private Student
Must have logged a dual flight in the make and model of aircraft to be
flown within the preceding 14 days.
2. Post Private - Day Currency
A student must have logged a day dual flight in make and model within
the past 45 days.
3. Post Private - Night Currency
A student must have logged a night dual flight in make and model within
the past 30 days.
7.3 CROSS COUNTRY

Every cross-country flight (dual and solo) will operate with flight following
and/or an active flight plan (VFR/IFR).
7.4 AIRPORT OPERATIONS

1. Traffic Pattern Operations
A. Post Private (Dual or Solo)
Unless otherwise directed by ATC or the flight instructor, all training
takeoffs and landings must be stop-and-go or full-stop/taxi-back.
B. Pre-Private Solo
I. All takeoffs and landings will be stop-and-go or full-stop/taxi-back.
II. If directed by ATC to perform a touch-and-go, the student shall reply
student pilot, unable to comply and ask for a go-around.

2. Runway Use
A. Without SOF approval no pilot will operate on runways:
I. Under 2,500 in length, or
II. With a field elevation greater than 3,000 MSL, or
III. With non-improved surfaces.
B. Exceptions:
I. Piper PA-18:
i. Dual flights at approved strips at least 1400 long.
ii. Solo flights at approved strips at least 2000 long.
iii. If an FOM waiver is approved by the SOF (see section 1.5).
iv. A list of approved strips will be kept at the dispatch desk.
II. As an emergency or precautionary landing (see section 18.2).
3. Takeoff
A. Runway must meet published accelerate stop/go distance.
B. In the absence of published performance data, runway available must be
at least 2.5 times the calculated takeoff roll.
C. Intersection takeoffs are not authorized unless initiated by ATC.
4. Go-Arounds
If an approach is not stabilized by 500 AGL, the PF will execute a go-
around.
7.5 TOWERED AIRPORTS

1. Obtain current ATIS information.
2. Contact tower prior to entering tower controlled airspace or operating on a
controlled surface.
3. Comply with all ATC instructions.
If unsure of ATC instructions, the pilot should ask for clarification or
assistance from ATC.
7.6 NON-TOWERED AIRPORTS

1. Each pilot shall:
A. Clearly communicate both position and intentions.
B. Remain vigilant to avoid other traffic.
C. Utilize aircraft lighting as appropriate.
2. Arrivals - Plan for:
A. Traffic pattern altitude 1000 AGL unless otherwise published
B. Left traffic (left turns) in the pattern unless otherwise published
C. At least 15 miles from the airport
Monitor CTAF when practical
D. At least 10 miles from the airport, notify CTAF of position
Obtain the current weather if able

E. Determine the active runway

I. Utilize visual wind indicators
II. If the active runway has not been determined: Overfly the airport at
500 feet above traffic pattern altitude to check the wind indicator
F. Proceed to a point clear of the traffic pattern
G. Descend to traffic pattern altitude
H. Make positional radio calls on CTAF to maintain separation from other
aircraft.
I. At a minimum, make positional radio calls entering the traffic pattern and
turning base.
3. Departures: Remaining in Traffic Pattern
Initiate crosswind turn 300 feet below traffic pattern altitude
4. Departures: Departing Traffic Pattern
A. Climb to traffic pattern altitude on runway heading.
B. Depart straight out or turn 45 in the direction of traffic flow.
C. Upon reaching an altitude equivalent to the traffic pattern altitude plus
500 feet, a turn in any direction may be made.
7.7 FALWELL (W24) PROCEDURES

1. Landings
A. All landings will be made on runway 28.
B. Landing runway 10 is prohibited.
C. Maintain a minimum altitude of 1,200 feet MSL until over the power lines
approximately mile from the runway threshold.
D. Minimum go-around altitude is 1,000 feet MSL.
7.8 SPIN TRAINING
1. May only be conducted during the CFI training course.

2. The training may only be conducted by a CFI authorized by the DO , whom
meets the following requirements:
I. must have a minimum of two years of CFI experience,
II. must have at least 200 hours of dual given flight experience, and
III. has completed an approved LU ground training course.
7.9 EMERGENCY PROCEDURE OF THE DAY
1. Daily Refresher (Emergency Procedure of the Day):

A. In the interest of safety and proficiency, SOA aviators will brief and discuss
an emergency/abnormal scenario during each training event.
B. Pilots in training and instructor pilots will review the procedures for the

days listed scenario prior to the start of the training event.

C. At the beginning of each training event, the instructor will give a scenario
to start with and the pilot in training will then brief the instructor pilot on
the procedures, safety considerations, and possible solutions to the listed
scenario. The briefing will be tailored to the type of aircraft being flown for
the training event.
D. For instructor proficiency events, the instructor pilot will brief the check
instructor on the procedures, safety considerations, and possible solutions
to the listed scenario.
2. The following is the schedule of daily emergency/abnormal scenarios:
Day
Scenario
of the
(300CBi-specific ops in italics)
Month
1 Engine Failure: Takeoff (Hover)
2 Engine Failure: Immediately After Takeoff (40-450)
3 Engine Failure: Cruise
4 Emergency Landing: Engine (one) Inoperative
5 Precautionary Landing: Engine(s) Operating
6 Ditching
7 Engine Fire: Startup
8 Engine Fire: Cruise
9 Cabin / Wing Fire
10 Hypoxia
11 Inadvertent Icing Encounter
12 Air Data Computer/Pitot-Static System Failure
13 Landing: Flat Main Tire (Quick stop)
14 Landing: Flat Nose Tire (Slope landing)
15 Alternator Overvoltage
16 Alternator Failure
17 Vacuum System Failure (Com Failure)
Landing: Elevator Control Inoperative
18
(Tail Rotor Failure)
19 Inadvertent IMC Encounter
20 Open Cabin/Cargo Door: After takeoff

Wheel Brake Failure: Single, Ground operations (Ground

21
Resonance)
22 Spin Recovery (180 Auto-rotations)
23 Engine Roughness: Ground operations
24 Engine Roughness: Flight operations
25 Fuel Pump Failure : Engine-driven
26 Fuel Pump Failure: Electric
27 Excessive Fuel Vapor (Propeller Governor Failure)
28 Low Engine Oil Pressure: Cruise
29 High CO Level
30 Bird Strike: Windshield
AHRS Failure or Landing Gear System Failures (Retreating Blade
31
Stall)
3. Monthly refresher:
A. SOA aviators will also complete a monthly event, in which up to seven
pilots in training and at least one instructor pilot will discuss abnormal/
emergency procedures for the following:
I. At least two start/taxi scenarios.
II. At least two takeoff/climb scenarios.
III. At least two in-flight scenarios.
IV. At least two approach/landing scenarios.
B. Systems review will be conducted for the scenarios as required.
C. A reference book will be located at the dispatch desk, which will contain
example scenarios.
D. This event will take approximately 30 minutes to complete.

7.10 STUDENT PREPARATION
1. Prior to each flight or ground training event, students will prepare in

accordance with the following:
A. Complete the applicable section of the LUSOA Workbook. If a workbook
does not exist for the course of training, the student will review the line
items of the lesson using the appropriate publications. The student
will have a good understanding of each maneuver, procedure, or task,
including all memory items.
B. Review the objectives and completion standards of the lesson. The
student will be prepared to brief the IP on these items.
C. Review ETA status, including Flight Holds, FIFs, and flight account status,
and correct any issues. The student will not present themselves for a
lesson if there are issues with their ETA account.
D. Review the Emergency Procedure of the day. The student will be prepared
to brief the IP on the applicable procedure.
E. Complete the LUSOA Preflight Planning Form. Each line of the form will be
completed for each flight training event. In addition, a standard weather
briefing will be obtained by the student using Flight Service or DUATS for
each flight training event. The student will be prepared to brief the IP on
the information recorded on the Preflight Planning form.
F. For cross country flights, an LUSOA Navigation Log will be prepared.
G. Complete a Risk Assessment using the Flight Risk Evaluator tool at aopa.
org/asf. The student will be prepared to brief the IP on any identified risks.
7.11 USE OF ELECTRONIC DEVICES
1. The use of any external electronic device that reduces situational awareness
is not permitted.
A. This includes, but is not limited to:
I. Cell Phones
II. IPODs / MP3 Players / CD Players
III. DVD players
2. Cell phones must be turned off or placed in the in-flight mode during flight.
3. The use of cell phones in an aircraft is restricted to:
A. Emergency situations
B. Contacting Flight Service

7.12 STERILE COCKPIT

1. Sterile Cockpit will be maintained during all critical phases of flight.
2. Critical Phases of Flight are defined as taxi, take off, landing and all other non-
cruise flight operations below 3,000 feet AGL.
3. To maintain Sterile Cockpit crew members will only perform essential duties
required for the operation of the aircraft during all Critical Phases of Flight.
4. Pilots will refrain from engaging in nonessential conversation with crew
members and other passengers during Sterile Cockpit.
5. Flight instruction from a flight instructor is considered essential and authorized
during all critical phases of flight.
----------END----------

SECTION 8 (SPP)
WEATHER LIMITATIONS
8.1 OBTAINING WEATHER
1. Prior to every flight, students will obtain a standard weather briefing from an
approved source.
Approved sources include:
I. Flight Service
II. DUAT or DUATS
2. Additional weather information can be obtained from:
A. www.aviationweather.gov
B. www.aopa.org
8.2 WEATHER MINIMUM WAIVERS

Weather minimums may be waived under special circumstances at the
discretion of the SOF. Refer to: Section 1.5
8.3 INSTRUMENT APPROACH WEATHER MINIMUMS

1. To initiate an instrument approach to an airport the most recent weather
report must indicate that the airport visibility is at or above the authorized IFR
landing minimums published on the instrument approach procedure.
2. RVR, when available, takes priority.
3. If the aircraft is established on the approach inside of the Initial Approach
Fix and the controlling visibility decreases below the authorized minima, the
approach may be continued to the applicable MAP for the approach being
conducted.

8.4 PRIMARY STUDENT PILOTS-AIRPLANE

No flight will be dispatched unless a LUSOA IP determines that, from departure
time until one hour after expected arrival time at the intended destination, the cur-
rent and forecast weather will be within the following limitations:
Minimum Visibility
Maximum Surface
Minimum Ceiling
Wind (including
Component
Component
Crosswind
Operation
Maximum
Maximum
Tailwind
Type of
gusts)
Dual Aircraft
Traffic 25 knots 10 knots Demonstrated 1500 AGL 3 SM
Pattern Maximum
Aircraft
Dual
25 knots 10 knots Demonstrated 2000 AGL 5 SM
Local
Maximum
Aircraft
Dual XC
25 knots 10 knots Demonstrated 3000 AGL P6 SM
Day
Maximum
Aircraft
Dual XC 10 SM (P6
25 knots 10 knots Demonstrated 5000 AGL
Night SM forecast)
Maximum
Solo Traffic
10 knots 5 knots 5 knots 2500 AGL 5 SM
Pattern
Solo 10 SM (P6
10 knots 5 knots 5 knots 5000 AGL
Local SM forecast)
Solo XC 10 SM (P6
10 knots 5 knots 5 knots 5000 AGL
Day SM forecast)
Solo XC
N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Night

8.5 ADVANCED STUDENT PILOTS AND

RENTER PILOTS - AIRPLANE
No flight will be dispatched unless a LUSOA IP or the PIC determines that, from de-
parture time until one hour after expected arrival time at the intended destination,
the current and forecast weather will be within the following limitations:
Minimum Visibility
Maximum Surface
Minimum Ceiling
Wind (including
Component
Component
Crosswind
Operation
Maximum
Maximum
Tailwind
Type of
gusts)
Dual Aircraft
Pattern Maximum
Aircraft
Dual
25 knots 10 knots Demonstrated 2000 AGL 5 SM
Local
Maximum
Aircraft
Dual XC
25 knots 10 knots Demonstrated 3000 AGL P6 SM
Day
Maximum
Aircraft
Dual XC 10 SM (P6
Night SM forecast)
Maximum
Solo Aircraft
Pattern Maximum
Aircraft
Solo 10 SM (P6
Local SM forecast)
Maximum

Minimum Visibility
Maximum Surface
Minimum Ceiling
Wind (including
Component
Component
Crosswind
Operation
Maximum
Maximum
Tailwind
Type of
gusts)
Aircraft
Solo XC 10 SM (P6
Day SM forecast)
Maximum
Aircraft
Solo XC 10 SM (P6
Night SM forecast)
Maximum
Aircraft
Dual IFR 20 knots 10 knots Demonstrated 500 AGL 2 SM
Maximum
Aircraft
*Solo IFR 20 knots 10 knots Demonstrated 1000 AGL 2 SM
Maximum
Aircraft
IFR Night 20 knots 10 knots Demonstrated 1000 AGL 2 SM
Maximum
*SOF Authorization is required.

8.6 PRIMARY STUDENT PILOTS-HELICOPTER

time until one hour after expected arrival time at the intended destination, the
current and forecast weather will be within the following limitations:
Maximum Surface
Type of Operation
(including gusts)
Minimum
Minimum
Visibility
Ceiling
Wind
Dual Traffic Pat-

20 knots 1200 AGL 3 SM
tern
Dual Local 20 knots 2000 AGL 5 SM
Dual XC Day 20 knots 3000 AGL P6 SM
10 SM (P6SM
Dual XC Night 20 knots 5000 AGL
forecast)
Solo Traffic Pat-
tern
Solo Local 15 knots 1500 AGL 5 SM
8 SM (P6SM
Solo XC Day 15 knots 2500 AGL
forecast)
Not Not Not
Solo Night
authorized authorized authorized

8.7 ADVANCED STUDENT PILOTS-HELICOPTER

time until one hour after expected arrival time at the intended destination, the
current and forecast weather will be within the following limitations:
TYPE OF OPERATION
MINIMUM VISIBILITY
MAXIMUM SURFACE
(INCLUDING GUSTS)
MINIMUM CEILING
WIND
DUAL TRAFFIC
PATTERN
DUAL LOCAL 20 knots 2000 AGL 5 SM
DUAL XC DAY 20 knots 3000 AGL P6 SM
10 SM (P6 SM
DUAL XC NIGHT 20 knots 5000 AGL
forecast)
SOLO TRAFFIC
PATTERN
SOLO LOCAL 20 knots 1200 AGL 5 SM
6 SM (P6 SM
SOLO XC DAY 20 knots 2000 AGL
forecast)
6 SM (P6 SM
SOLO NIGHT 10 knots 3000 AGL
forecast)

8.8 ICING CONDITIONS

1. All pilots are required to adhere to the "clean aircraft concept" prior to
departure.
2. Clean Aircraft Concept:
Prior to engine start, the aircraft must be completely free from ice, snow,
and frost.
3. The aircraft must still be in a "clean" state before attempting takeoff.
4. Intentional flight into visible moisture is prohibited when the outside air
temperature (OAT) is between +5C and -20C.
5. Intentional flight into known icing conditions is prohibited.
8.9 TAXIWAY/RUNWAY CONDITIONS

Flight operations will cease when any of the following conditions exist:
A. inch standing water
B. inch of snow
C. Any slush
D. Braking action reported as POOR or NIL
8.10 THUNDERSTORMS
1. Flights will not dispatch in the vicinity of thunderstorms.
2. Takeoffs, approaches, and landings must not be attempted when
thunderstorms are near the airport.
3. A 20 mile minimum distance will be maintained prior to dispatch or while
operating in the vicinity of thunderstorm cells.
4. All operations on the ramp will cease when thunderstorms are reported
within 5 miles of the airport.
The SOF will clear the ramp and ensure all aircraft are secure.
8.11 SIGMETS
No pilot shall intentionally fly in or through an area affected by a SIGMET.
----------END----------

SECTION 9 (SPP)
APRON OPERATIONS AND TAXIING
9.1 BOARDING AND DEPLANING
1. No student or passenger shall approach, board, or exit an aircraft while the
engine is running.
2. To walk in front of an aircraft that has an engine running, stop a safe distance
from the aircraft and wait for a signal from the crew that it is safe to pass.
9.2 SEAT POSITION

1. It is important to correctly adjust the seat position prior to each flight.
2. The pilot must be able to comfortably reach all the flight, engine, and fuel
controls.
3. The cockpit sight picture should allow the pilot to see the top of the engine
cowling while providing sufficient overhead clearance from the ceiling.
9.3 WINDSCREEN CARE

1. Before flight, the windscreen must be clean.
2. Use only a windscreen cleaner approved for use with acrylic plastics.
3. Never scrape or use an abrasive material on any aircraft window.
4. To keep from scratching the windscreen never place any object, other than
the aircraft keys, on the top of the glare shield.
9.4 PITOT HEAT

1. The pitot heat shall be checked during preflight if the pilot determines that
there is a reasonable possibility of encountering visible moisture (clouds, mist,
precipitation) during the flight.
2. Pitot heat use on stationary aircraft should be avoided other than for testing
proper operation.
3. Pitot heat shall be turned on before the aircraft enters visible moisture.
Warning: Do not allow the pitot heat to remain on for an extended period
of time. The heating element can become excessively hot causing injury and
resulting in possible damage to the system.

9.5 FUEL SAMPLING

1. Fuel will be sampled before each flight, wait a minimum of 5 minutes after
each refueling.
A. If the fuel sample is clean, return the fuel to the tank.
B. If the fuel sample is contaminated, place the contaminated fuel in the red
fuel can located on the flight line.
2. If repeated sampling fails to clear the contaminated fuel, the PIC will make an
entry in the Discrepancy Log and notify Dispatch.
9.6 FUELING (LYH)

Notify dispatch of fuel request
Dispatch will direct line personnel to have the aircraft refueled.
9.7 FUELING (AWAY FROM LYH)

1. Notify the local FBO of the fuel request.
A. When possible, monitor the fueling process to ensure the correct fuel is
used.
B. Keep all receipts.
C. Liberty Aviation will refund the cost of fuel using the purchase price of fuel
at LYH on the day of purchase.
2. When flight planning research the best fuel prices.
http://www.100LL.com
http://www.AIRNAV.com
3. Students must be prepared to pay for fuel during cross-country stops.
9.8 FUELING (SELF SERVICE)

1. If self service is required:
A. Notify the SOF.
B. Follow posted directions.
2. Most self-service pumps are equipped with posted instruction placards that
will guide you through the process of fueling.
3. Turn off all aircraft power prior to refueling.
4. Prior to making any fuel connections ground the aircraft to the refueling
equipment with an approved grounding cable.
5. Ensure the aircraft is chocked and the parking brake is set and secure.
6. Do not refuel if thunderstorms are in the vicinity of the airport.
7. Ensure a fire extinguisher is available.

9.9 PROPELLER SAFETY

1. Prior to turning the master switch 'ON', all pilots must verbally and visually
ensure that the propeller area is clear, and call out "Master On."
2. Prior to starting an engine, all pilots must verbally and visually clear the
propeller area, and call out "Clear Prop."
3. Hand propping aircraft is prohibited.
9.10 TAXIING OPERATIONS

1. Pilots will use extreme caution during all ramp operations.
2. Pilots will have a current Airport Diagram open and available at all times when
taxiing.
3. Pilots will ensure that there is sufficient clearance between aircraft and
obstacles when taxiing.
When in doubt of wing tip clearance stop the aircraft and get assistance.
4. Taxiing in a congested area should be done at a pace no faster than a brisk
walk.
5. In less congested areas such as taxiways, the pilot shall taxi at a speed that
provides safe and positive control at all times, with minimum braking.
6. Unless needing to stop immediately to avoid a collision or incursion, reduce
power to idle before applying brakes during taxi.
7. Sterile cockpit will be maintained at all times while taxiing. Refer to: Section
20.2.
8. All aircraft are prohibited from taxiing over tie down ropes.
9. Aircraft are not to be left unattended without tie downs and/or chocks in
place.
10. A taxi or landing light will be turned on during any forward movement, except
when directly facing another aircraft.
11. When removing chocks, place them neatly on the ground along the back
of the parking location. Do not place chocks in grass. Do not throw or toss
chocks.
9.11 TOWERED AIRPORTS

1. For operations at towered airports, the following guidelines are to be followed:
A. Take time to study the airport layout or at your departure and arrival
airports.
B. Read back the entire taxi instruction and review the assigned taxi route on
your airport diagram.

C. Engine run-ups are normally accomplished in a designated run-up area.

If unsure of the run-up location contact ground control.
Note: If uncertain about your location, stop the aircraft, advise the
controller of the situation, and, if necessary, request progressive
taxi instructions.
9.12 NON-TOWERED AIRPORTS

1. Each pilot will become familiar with the airport diagram.
2. Use local weather and windsock to determine active runway.
3. Before taxi announce position and intentions on CTAF.
4. Be alert for aircraft and equipment not on CTAF frequency.
5. Run-ups should be completed in designated areas.
If no run-up area is designated consider the effects of prop blast when
selecting a run-up area.
6. Visually clear downwind, base, and final, prior to departure.
7. Prior to takeoff announce position and intentions on CTAF.
9.13 FALWELL (W24) PROCEDURES

1. Private students are prohibited from conducting solo operations at the Falwell
Airport (W24).
2. Takeoffs on runway 28 are prohibited.
3. All takeoffs will depart runway 10.
4. Departing aircraft will enter runway 10 at the second taxiway intersection and
back-taxi for departure.
5. Visually clear the final, base, and downwind legs for landing traffic prior to
back-taxiing on runway 10.
6. Plan to use minimum time on the runway.
7. Use caution for vehicular traffic on the taxiways.
----------END----------

SECTION 10 (SPP)
FIRE PRECAUTIONS AND PROCEDURES
10.1 FIRE PRECAUTIONS

1. Smoking is not permitted in any LUSOA aircraft, facilities, or on the apron.
2. A fire extinguisher will be available inside each aircraft and at clearly marked
locations inside the hangars.
3. In the event of a fire, notify 911 and the SOF.
10.2 AIRCRAFT FIRES ON THE GROUND

1. To prevent engine fires on startup, the PIC shall always follow the appropriate
engine start instructions in the AFM and checklist. Attempt to minimize any
delays between priming the engine and engaging the starter.
2. In the event of a fire on the ground, the PIC shall follow the appropriate
emergency checklist and evacuate the aircraft.
3. If time permits, notify ATC of the situation prior to egressing from the aircraft.
4. Do not jeopardize the safety of pilot or passengers in an attempt to extinguish
the fire.
10.3 AIRCRAFT FIRES IN-FLIGHT

1. In the event of a fire in flight, the pilot shall follow the appropriate emergency
checklist.
2. If the fire is extinguished land at the nearest suitable airport.
3. If the fire cannot be extinguished land as soon as possible.
4. The best option may be an off-airport landing.
----------END----------
Revision 001: 01 June 2011 10-1

SECTION 11 (SPP)
DISPATCH AND REDISPATCH PROCEDURES
11.1 DISPATCH SCHEDULE
1. A Liberty dispatcher will normally be on duty during the following times
(local):
A. Monday through Friday, 0700 - 2100.
B. Saturday, 0900 - 2100.
C. Sunday, 1300 - 2100.
2. During periods outside normal duty hours or when a Liberty dispatcher is
unavailable, dispatch duties will be handled by Falwell Aviation line services.
3. Flights scheduled to arrive or depart outside of these hours will be coordinated
through the SOF.
4. For additional information refer to the After Hours Ramp-In procedures:
Section 8-6
11.2 CHECK-IN
1. All students must check-in with the dispatcher when they arrive at the airport
for an activity.
2. If the aircraft is available, the student may complete the preflight inspection
before Ramp-Out.
11.3 AUTHORIZATION
1. All activities must be authorized by either the students instructor or the SOF
prior to Ramp-Out.
2. Dispatchers are not permitted to authorize activities without express
permission of the SOF.
11.4 RAMP-OUT
1. The following requirements must be met prior to Ramp-Out:
A. All students must have a Liberty University Aviation Badge visibly
displayed.
B. All preflight ground briefings must be completed.
C. Completed Preflight Planning Form.
D. Completed Navigation Log for cross country flights.
E. Completed Passenger Manifest when carrying passengers not on file in
ETA
F. Dispatch will issue the aircraft keys and a Ramp-Out sheet.
Revision 001: 01 June 2011 11-1

G. For All Solo Flights:

I. All applicable endorsements must be verified by the SOF.
2. The Ramp-Out Sheet includes the required Due-Back time.
3. If the PIC will not be able to meet the Due-Back time, he must request an
extended Due-Back time from Dispatch.
4. If an extended Due-Back time is not available, the flight will be curtailed or
cancelled to comply with the scheduled Due-Back Time.
5. The Dispatcher has authority to cancel/delay any flight.
6. The Dispatcher will provide each PIC with a full dispatch kit. The dispatch kit
will include a preflight kit and a clipboard.
A. The preflight kit will include: the Preflight Checklist Procedures checklist
for the applicable aircraft, a fuel dip stick for the applicable aircraft (as
appropriate), window cleaner, clean towels, and a GATs Jar. If any of these
items are missing from the preflight kit, the flight may still be ramped out.
B. The clipboard will be given to the PIC when the flight is ramped out. The
clipboard will include all checklists for the appropriate aircraft, the Aircraft
Discrepancy Log (ADL), the VOR Log, the keys, and the Ramp-Out sheet.
11.5 RAMP-IN
1. The aircraft must be Ramped-In by the Due-Back time.
2. If the aircraft is not ramped-in by the Due-Back time, the PIC must fill out a
Late Return Form and submit it to the DO.
3. On a cross country flight:
If a pilot intends to shut down an aircraft and park, for any period of time,
at a destination airport, the SOF must be contacted after shutdown and
before restart.
11.6 AFTER HOURS RAMP-IN

1. All instructors/flight students flying with a planned ramp-in time of 2100
hours local or later, will coordinate with the SOF prior to 1500 hours on the
day of the flight.
2. All solo flights returning to LYH after Dispatch has closed will contact the SOF
to ramp in. Students must tell the SOF whether the airplane has any open
discrepancies, along with their ramp-in times.
3. All dual flights returning to LYH after Dispatch has closed will contact the SOF
after ramping in. Instructors must tell the SOF whether the airplane has any
open discrepancies, along with their ramp-in times.
4. The PIC will leave the clipboard, ramp out sheet, and ground service kit on the
dispatch desk. Aircraft keys should be placed inside the clipboard.
5. No student or IP will conduct any flight after midnight without the express
permission of and coordination with the SOF.
Revision 001: 01 June 2011 11-2

11.7 ACTIVITY COMPLETION

The student and instructor should complete the activity together on ETA as
soon as practical after the lesson.
11.8 REDISPATCH PROCEDURES

1. In the event of an unscheduled/unplanned landing on or off airport, the PIC
must contact the SOF for re-dispatch.
2. For additional information concerning diversion procedures and off airport
landings, refer to the appropriate aircraft supplement.
11.9 OVERNIGHT OR MULTI-DAY CROSS COUNTRY

PROCEDURES
1. Students are permitted to take aircraft on overnight or multi-day cross country
flights with the approval of their flight instructor, the chief scheduler, and the
SOF.
2. Students are required to contact the SOF after landing and prior to departing
all airports where the aircraft will be parked and the engine shut down.
3. Students intending to fly local flights at an away airport are required to
contact the SOF for approval for each flight and to notify the SOF when the
flight is completed.
11.10 MALE AND FEMALE STUDENTS/INSTRUCTORS ON

OVERNIGHT TRIPS
1. In the event that a male and female student or instructor are on a planned
overnight cross country trip or an unplanned diversion resulting in an
overnight stay, the Liberty Way takes precedence.
2. Both students are required to obtain their own individual hotel rooms.
3. Both students are required to communicate their situation with the
appropriate on-campus leadership (Resident Advisors).
----------END----------
Revision 001: 01 June 2011 11-3

SECTION 12 (SPP)
PRACTICE AREA OPERATIONS
12.1 PRACTICE AREA USE

1. Practice areas have been designated and are to be used by all LUSOA students.
2. Prior to ramping out, students will notify the dispatcher of which practice area
they will be operating in.
3. Students will have the practice areas depicted on their sectional chart.
4. LUSOA utilizes the assistance of Roanoke Approach in all practice areas.
5. Liberty University has signed a Letter of Agreement with the Roanoke
TRACON that dictates a special cooperation between local training aircraft
and Roanoke Approach.
6. Roanoke Approach will provide Liberty aircraft traffic alerts for participating
and non-participating aircraft on a work-load permitting basis.
Warning: Reliance solely on Roanoke approach for collision avoidance is not
recommended. Standard collision avoidance precautions are required.
7. All training aircraft are assigned a permanent discrete transponder code by
Roanoke Approach that should be utilized for all practice area operations.
These transponder codes are placarded in the aircraft near the transponder
and should be entered prior to takeoff from LYH.
8. Practice area entry/exit procedures
A. After departure from LYH, all training aircraft shall contact Roanoke
Approach as soon as practical with intended practice area and altitude
desired.
Note: If LYH Tower does not hand the training aircraft off to
Roanoke Approach prior to leaving Class D airspace, a frequency
change should be requested by the PIC.
B. The PIC shall notify Roanoke Approach prior to changing practice areas or
frequencies.
C. When ready to exit the practice area, advise Roanoke Approach of
intentions.
Note: If Roanoke Approach does not hand the training aircraft
off to LYH Tower within 7 NM of the class D airspace, a frequency
change should be requested by the PIC.
9. When transitioning from LYH to the practice areas:
A. Enter the practice areas at or above 3,000 feet MSL.
B. Exit the practice areas at or below 2,500 feet MSL.
-----------END-----------
Revision 001: 01 June 2011 12-1

SECTION 13 (SPP)
MAINTENANCE PROCEDURES
13.1 GENERAL
1. Liberty University takes full responsibility for providing students/instructors
with airworthy aircraft and being in compliance with all inspections routine,
non-routine, and all airworthiness directives.
2. This information is kept both in the Education and Training Aviation (ETA)
program and records in the office of the Director of Maintenance.
3. The Ramp-Out sheet issued by the Dispatcher contains:
A. Current Tachometer Time
B. Current Hobbs Meter
C. Time and/or date to the next required inspection
D. After every flight is completed, the student/instructor will record the
Tachometer and Hobbs time on the Ramp Out sheet and return it to
dispatch.
E. The time will be updated in the ETA system to reflect the most current
maintenance due times or inspections for the next flight.
13.2 AIRCRAFT DISCREPANCY LOG (ADL)

1. The ADL is required to be aboard the aircraft for each flight.
2. To determine aircraft airworthiness, pilots are required to check the ADL prior
to each flight.
A. Ensure that all required inspections are complied with.
B. Verify the tach time does not exceed the time the next AD or inspection
is due.
C. Ensure there are no open discrepancies
D. All previous maintenance write-ups should be corrected and signed off by
maintenance personnel.
3. The aircraft shall not be flown with any open discrepancies or overdue
inspections.
4. Any discrepancy noted during preflight, run-up, or post flight checks shall be
recorded in the ADL.
5. If necessary, return the airplane to the ramp.
6. Notify the SOF.
7. Maintenance will then be notified and appropriate actions can be taken.
13.3 ENTERING DISCREPANCIES

1. A discrepancy should be recorded in the ADL anytime there is either:
A. A condition that makes the aircraft not airworthy.
B. A piece of equipment that no longer functions properly.
Revision 001: 01 June 2011 13-1
2. When writing up a maintenance discrepancy (Refer to Appendix for sample

discrepancy sheet):
A. Describe the problem as clearly as possible.
B. Record the tach time of the incident, and sign and date the record.
C. If a discrepancy during flight results in a precautionary landing at another
airport, the pilot will:
I. Write-up the discrepancy in the ADL.
II. Notify the SOF
The SOF will contact maintenance and Dispatch if it is determined to
be a discrepancy:
III. Arrangements will then be made to fix or ferry the aircraft, and/or
recover the student/instructor back to Lynchburg.
D. Any discrepancy discovered during a preflight or after a flight is completed
shall be entered into the ADL by the student/instructor.
E. The discrepancy log shall be taken to the dispatcher.
F. After hours, the student/instructor shall notify the SOF.
G. The dispatcher will then down the airplane on ETA and will turn the
discrepancy book into maintenance.
3. A discrepancy history for each aircraft is kept in the office of the Director of
Maintenance.
13.4 DISCREPANCIES ENTERED IN ERROR

1. If a pilot erroneously records an entry in the ADL, contact the SOF.
2. The SOF is authorized to evaluate and overwrite a discrepancy.
3. If it is determined that it was indeed entered in error, they shall write Entered
in Error in the comment page, sign and date it.
4. The airplane may be returned to service.
13.5 ADS / INSPECTIONS

1. Operating Procedures
A. No pilot shall overfly an AD or required inspection.
B. Do not start a cross-country flight unless you can plan to return to LYH
with at least 1.0 hours left on the Tachometer before an AD or inspection
is due.
C. Local flights cannot be dispatched with less than 1.0 hours left on the
tachometer until the next AD or inspection.
D. Plan to end all local flights with a minimum of 0.5 left on the tachometer
until the next AD or inspection.
Revision 001: 01 June 2011 13-2

13.6 RESETTING CIRCUIT BREAKERS

1. The PIC shall not reset a tripped circuit breaker unless the component is
essential to the safety of the flight.
A. In the event that the component is essential to the safety of flight, the
circuit breaker may be reset one time.
B. If the circuit breaker trips a second time, it may not be reset.
----------END----------
Revision 001: 01 June 2011 13-3

SECTION 14 (SPP)
PARKING AND SECURING AIRCRAFT
14.1 AIRCRAFT PARKING

1. A tow bar should be used during all repositioning operations.
2. A tow bar is also located on the side of the hangar at LYH.
3. Avoid pushing on or pressing down on any part of the tail of an airplane while
repositioning.
4. Aircraft will be shut down perpendicular to a parking location. After shut
down, the aircraft will be turned and backed into the space through use of a
tow bar.
5. If a student is having difficulty parking or repositioning an aircraft, a lineman
or flight instructor should be sought for help.
14.2 AIRCRAFT PARKING PRIORITY
1. When returning to the parking area aircraft should be parked in the highest
priority position available. Spot priority is established as follows:
A. 1st Priority - Next to building.
B. 2nd Priority - Spots with tie-down ropes.
C. 3rd Priority - Spots without tie-down ropes.
14.3 SECURING AIRCRAFT

1. Upon completion of a flight, the PF will complete the Securing Aircraft
checklist.
2. Park the aircraft in a designated parking location.
3. Secure the controls with the control wheel lock.
If no control wheel lock is available, the seat belt will be used, if possible.
4. Secure the aircraft with three tie-down ropes, when available.
5. Secure the aircraft with two sets of chocks. Each main wheel should be
chocked securely.
6. If the aircraft is being secured at a field other than LYH, all doors must be
locked.
7. If any discrepancy was experienced during the flight, the PIC will record it in
the discrepancy log and notify the SOF.
8. For helicopters:
Secure the aft blade of the main rotor to the tail boom using the blade
tie-down.
-----------END-----------
Revision 001: 01 June 2011 14-1

SECTION 15 (SPP)
FUEL REQUIREMENTS
15.1 FUEL RESERVES (AIRPLANE)

1. Dual - Local Flight
A. VFR local flights will plan to land with at least 1.0 hour of reserve fuel
remaining.
B. IFR flights will plan to land with at least 1.5 hours of reserve fuel remaining.
2. Solo - Local Flight
A. VFR local flights will plan to land with at least 2.0 hours of reserve fuel
remaining.
B. IFR flights will plan to land with at least 1.5 hours of reserve fuel remaining.
3. Cross Country
All cross-country flights will launch with the maximum amount of fuel that
weight and balance permits.
4. All Dual cross country flights will be planned to land with a minimum 1.0 hour
of reserve fuel remaining.
A. All Solo cross country flights, by primary flight students, will be planned to
land with a minimum 1.5 hour of reserve fuel remaining.
B. All Solo cross country flights, by advanced flight students, will be planned
to land with a minimum 1.0 hour of reserve fuel remaining.
15.2 FUEL RESERVES (HELICOPTER)

1. Dual
All dual flights must land with at least 20 minutes of fuel remaining.
2. Student Solo (Pre-Private and Post Private)
A. Must land with a minimum of 30 minutes fuel reserve.
B. IFR / VFR flights will be planned with sufficient fuel to fly to the destination
or fuel stop plus additional reserve fuel to fly for 30 minutes.
3. All cross country flights will launch with the maximum amount of fuel that
weight and balance will permit.
15.3 MINIMUM FUEL

1. Minimum Fuel
A. The PIC must advise ATC when the fuel supply has reached a state where,
upon reaching the destination, he cannot accept any undue delay.
B. This is not an emergency situation, but merely an advisory that indicates
that an emergency situation is possible should any undue delay occur.
Revision 001: 01 June 2011 15-1

C. On initial contact with ATC, the term minimum fuel should be used
after stating the call sign. Example: Roanoke Approach, Skyhawk 2336V,
minimum fuel.
Note: A minimum fuel advisory does not imply a need for traffic
priority.
D. Declaration of minimum fuel should be made in time to prevent an
emergency fuel situation.
E. All LUSOA pilots will declare minimum fuel with ATC when you estimate
less than one hour of fuel remaining.
F. The PIC will submit a Safety Report.
15.4 EMERGENCY FUEL

1. If the remaining usable fuel supply suggests the need for traffic priority to
ensure a safe landing, declare an emergency.
2. Report fuel remaining in minutes.
3. Declaring an emergency implies the need for traffic priority.
4. All LUSOA pilots will declare emergency fuel with ATC when you estimate less
than 1/2 hour of fuel remaining.
5. The PIC will submit a Safety Report.
----------END----------
Revision 001: 01 June 2011 15-2

SECTION 16 (SPP)
COLLISION AVOIDANCE
16.1 COLLISION AVOIDANCE (GROUND OPERATIONS)

1. During ground operations at airports remain alert to the location of other
traffic and potential conflicts.
2. The pilot will visually and verbally clear all taxiway intersections and runway
crossings.
3. When crossing runways, pilots will turn the strobe lights on.
4. The pilot will complete the required standard call-outs.
5. Monitor the proper frequency.
16.2 COLLISION AVOIDANCE (AIR OPERATIONS)

1. Every series of maneuvers will begin with two clearing turns in which the pilot
will turn 90 followed by another 90 turn.
Clearing turns allow for:
Traffic avoidance and increased situational awareness within the
practice area and in relationship to the landing airport
2. Prior to entering an active runway for departure, a visual and verbal check
for traffic on final approach and on the runway must be made utilizing the
standard callout.
3. Prior to takeoff, a confirmation of the departure runway must be made by
comparing the assigned runway with runway markings, and the aircrafts
magnetic compass and directional gyro.
4. Prior to landing, a confirmation of the landing runway must be made by
visually checking the runway markings or comparing the magnetic compass/
directional gyro with the assigned runway.
16.3 AIRCRAFT LIGHTING

Aircraft lights will be used, day or night, as follows:
1. Red Anti-Collision Lights (beacon) will be turned on prior to engine start and
remain on until the propeller stops following shutdown.
2. Navigation/Position Lights will be turned on anytime the master battery
switch is on.
3. White Anti-Collision Lights (strobes) will be turned on when lined up on the
runway (and cleared for takeoff at a controlled airport) and remain on until
clear of the runway after landing. The strobes may be turned off during IMC
operations.
4. Taxi lights will be turned on anytime the airplane is moving forward during
ground operations unless directly facing another aircraft.
Revision 001: 01 June 2011 16-1

5. Landing lights will be turned on when lined up on the runway (and cleared for
takeoff at a controlled airport) and remain on throughout the climb to cruise
altitude. The landing lights may be turned off during cruise and/or during IMC
operations. They must be turned on again prior to descent and remain on
until clearing the runway after landing.
----------END----------
Revision 001: 01 June 2011 16-2

SECTION 17 (SPP)
ALTITUDE LIMITATIONS AND SIMULATED EMERGENCY
PROCEDURES
17.1 ALTITUDE LIMITATIONS

1. Solo Flights
A. The minimum recovery altitude for all maneuvers, except ground reference
maneuvers, is 2,000 AGL.
B. All ground reference maneuvers, except eights-on-pylons, may be
conducted from 800 AGL to 1,000 AGL, unless otherwise specified in the
appropriate aircraft supplement.
C. The eights-on-pylons maneuver will be conducted at the appropriate
pivotal altitude (Ground Speed (knots)2 11.3).
I. Eights-on-pylons will not be conducted if the nearest weather station
reports winds in excess of 25 knots, or the winds aloft forecast predicts
wind speed in excess of 25 knots at 3,000 MSL.
II. If the aircrafts altitude descends below 500 AGL during eights-on-
pylons, the maneuver will be discontinued.
2. Dual Flights
A. The minimum recovery altitude for all maneuvers, except ground reference
maneuvers, is 1,500 AGL.
B. All ground reference maneuvers, except eights-on-pylons, may be
conducted from 800 AGL to 1,000 AGL, unless otherwise specified in the
appropriate aircraft supplement.
C. The eights-on-pylons maneuver will be conducted at the appropriate
pivotal altitude (Ground Speed)2 11.3).
I. Eights-on-pylons will not be conducted if the nearest weather station
reports winds in excess of 25 knots, or the winds aloft forecast predicts
wind speed in excess of 25 knots at 3,000 MSL.
II. If the aircrafts altitude descends below 500 AGL during eights-on-
pylons, the maneuver will be discontinued.
3. Cross Country Flight
A. All cross-country flights must be planned at least 1000' above the highest
terrain within 10 NM on either side of the course line in non-mountainous
terrain.
B. All cross-country flights must be planned at least 2000' above the highest
terrain within 10 NM on either side of the course line in mountainous
terrain.
Revision 001: 01 June 2011 17-1

17.2 SIMULATED EMERGENCY PROCEDURES
1. The emergency approach will be terminated at or above 500' AGL unless a

landing can be made at an airport.
2. Simulated Emergency Procedures are not permitted during solo flight.
----------END----------
Revision 001: 01 June 2011 17-2

SECTION 18
ABNORMAL / EMERGENCY OPERATIONS
18.1 GENERAL / DEFINITIONS
1. Abnormal event: An event created by conditions, malfunctions, or situations
outside of the scope of normal operations.
2. Emergency: An event or series of events related to the operation of an aircraft
that is hazardous to the passengers, crew, or the aircraft itself.
A. During an emergency, the primary objective is to safeguard the passengers
and crew.
B. The secondary objective is to preserve the aircraft and cargo.
3. The general procedures and considerations in this section are intended to
supplement the AFM.
4. Specific procedures in the AFM take precedence where applicable.
18.2 EMERGENCY AUTHORITY
1. PIC Emergency Authority (14 CFR 91.3)

In an in-flight emergency requiring immediate action the PIC may deviate
from any rule of this Part to the extent required to meet the emergency.
2. The PIC may deviate from any prescribed procedures, methods, weather
minimums, or CFRs to the extent required in the interest of safety.
3. ATC clearance is not required prior to taking action.
4. For safety and priority handling, ATC should be advised of the pilot's intentions
if time and altitude permit.
5. PIC Designation
A. During an emergency on dual flights the Flight Instructor will be the PIC.
B. When two pilots with equal certification are on the same flight, the pilot
acting as PIC will be determined prior to the flight.
18.3 AIRCRAFT STRUCTURAL INSPECTION

1. A special aircraft structural inspection is required when an aircraft is subjected
to:
A. Unusual stress
B. Hard landings
C. When the manufacturer's operating limitations are exceeded.
I. The PIC will:
i. Make an appropriate entry in the Aircraft Discrepancy Log
ii. Submit a Safety Report
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18.4 BIRD STRIKES

1. If a collision occurs maintain aircraft control.
A. Visually assess the damage.
B. Consider diverting to the nearest suitable airport even if no damage is
visible.
C. If there is structural damage to the airframe, and the aircraft is able to
maintain altitude, attempt to test aircraft controllability at low airspeeds
before approaching to land.
D. If damage was sustained to a wing a no-flap approach and landing should
be performed.
2. After landing:
A. Notify the SOF.
B. Make an appropriate entry in the ADL.
C. Submit a Safety Report
18.5 PILOT INCAPACITATION

1. If the instructor becomes incapacitated the student must maintain control of
the aircraft.
A. Ensure the incapacitated pilot does not interfere with the movement of
the flight controls.
B. Declare an emergency with ATC.
C. Use the autopilot to reduce pilot work load.
D. Land at the nearest suitable airport where medical attention can be
obtained.
18.6 INTERCEPT PROCEDURES

1. If you are intercepted by a U.S. military or law enforcement aircraft,
immediately:
A. Notify ATC, if possible.
B. Attempt to communicate with ATC / the intercepting aircraft on the
emergency frequency 121.5 MHz.
C. Give the identity and position of your aircraft and the nature of the flight.
D. Squawk 7700, unless otherwise instructed by ATC.
E. Follow the instructions given by the intercepting aircraft.
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SECTION 19
STAGE CHECKS, PRACTICAL TESTS, AND
KNOWLEDGE TESTS
19.1 GENERAL
1. Stages of Progress
A. Each course is separated into multiple stages.
B. Each stage has required objectives and completion standards that
students must perform in order to progress through the curriculum.
19.2 STAGE CHECKS

1. Purpose
A. Each stage of training is followed by a stage check.
B. Stage checks evaluate a student's ability to meet standard training criteria
and successfully perform all required tasks and operations.
2. Each stage check is composed of both an oral and flight evaluation.
3. The final stage check of each course represents a comprehensive evaluation.
4. Scheduling
Students may not schedule their own stage check The recommending
flight instructor is responsible for scheduling stage checks.
5. Cross Country Flight Planning
A. Many stage checks will be accompanied by a cross-country component.
B. It is the students responsibility to contact their stage check pilot to
determine the destination for planning.
6. Estimated Student Ground Charges
A. Stage 1 - 1.0 hour ground time.
B. Stage 2 - 2.5 hours ground time.
C. Stage 3 - 4.0 hours ground time.
These times/charges are subject to change and may extend beyond
this expected time.
7. Ground Grading
A. Students must successfully complete the ground portion of a stage check
before the flight portion can be started.
B. Stage 1 and 2: Students must achieve an 80% or greater in the oral portion
of the stage check.
C. Stage 3: Students must achieve a 90% or greater in the oral portion of the
stage check.
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8. Flight Grading
A. Private Course
I. Stage 1: Students must complete all tasks and areas of operations
within 1.5 x PTS.
II. Stage 2: Students must complete all tasks and areas of operations
within 1.0 x PTS.
III. Stage 3: Students must complete all tasks and areas of operations
within 0.7 x PTS.
B. Instrument Course
I. Stage 1 and 2: Students must complete all tasks and areas of
operations within 1.0 x PTS.
within 0.7 x PTS.
C. Commercial Course
I. Stage 4 and 5: Students must complete all tasks and areas of
operations within 1.0 x PTS.
within 0.7 x PTS.
9. Maximum Completion Time
A. Once a stage check has begun students have a maximum of 14 days to
satisfactorily complete all tasks and areas of operation.
B. If the 14-day period is exceeded students will be required to repeat the
entire stage check.
10. Required Dress
A. Stage 1 and Stage 2 Stage Checks
I. Male
i. Business Casual
ii. Khaki pants, neatly pressed
iii. Polo/golf shirts, unwrinkled
II. Female:
i. Casual pants
ii. Tailored shirts or blouses
B. Stage 3 Stage Checks
I. Male
i. Collared dress shirt and tie
II. Female
i. Elevated business casual
19.3 UNSATISFACTORY STAGE CHECKS

1. Initial Failure
A. If a student's performance does not meet the standard for a given portion
of the stage check, the stage check will be graded as unsatisfactory.
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B. The stage check pilot will notify the student as soon as practical of the
unsatisfactory performance.
C. At the examiners discretion, the student may elect to continue the stage
check and complete additional tasks.
D. Following the flight the student must complete additional training in the
deficient areas with his assigned instructor prior to repeating the stage
check.
2. After successfully completing the additional training, the instructor will
reschedule the stage check.
3. Repeat Failures (Second Failure)
The recommending instructor must meet with their immediate supervisor
to determine an appropriate course of action.
4. Repeat Failures (Third Failure)
A. The student must meet with their instructors immediate supervisor (ADO/
DO).
B. The supervisor will determine an appropriate course of action and a time
frame for which it is to be completed.
5. Recommended courses of action may include:
A. Ground instruction
B. Homework assignments
C. Flight training
6. Fourth (And Subsequent) Failure
A. The student will meet with the DO
B. The DO will determine an appropriate course of action and a time frame
for which it is to be completed.
7. Recommended courses of action may include:
A. Ground instruction
B. Homework assignments
C. Flight training
D. Removal from the flight program
8. The DO will make the decision as to whether it is in the students best interest
to continue training or be removed from the program.
19.4 FAA WRITTEN KNOWLEDGE TESTS

1. Written Test Requirements
A. FAA written knowledge tests are required for Private, Instrument,
Commercial, Instructor, and ATP certification.
B. To be eligible to take a FAA written knowledge test each student must
receive an endorsement from the appropriate on-campus professor in
their logbook.
C. To receive the instructor endorsement students must receive a minimum
score of 85% on two practice tests.
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D. For practice tests, a minimum grade of 85% is required, and each section of
the practice test must also have a minimum passing grade of 70%.
E. These test results should then be presented to their classroom instructor.
2. Testing Fee:
A. $85.00 (Liberty Tutoring/Testing Center)
I. Payable in check or cash
II. Make checks payable to Liberty University.
3. Scheduling
A. FAA written tests must be scheduled in advance with the Liberty University
Tutoring/Testing Center
B. Location: Bruckner Learning Center, 3rd Floor, DeMoss Hall. Telephone:
(434) 582-2130
4. Completion Requirements
A. The Written Knowledge Test must be completed in each course with
a passing grade of 70% or greater prior to beginning the third stage of
training.
B. After completing the Written Knowledge Test:
I. The Testing Center will issue an official stamped Airman Knowledge
Test Report.
II. Make three copies of the Test Report.
III. Keep the stamped Test Report. The stamped copy will be required at
both the final stage check and FAA check ride.
IV. Distribute the three copies to:
i. Endorsing instructor
ii. Department of Aviation Office
iii. Your records
5. Written Test No-Show Policy
A no show is defined as a student who does not show up for a scheduled
FAA Written Exam without notifying the Testing Center before close of
business the day prior.
6. No-Show Penalty
A. $50.00 fee.
I. Payable in check or cash
II. Make checks payable to Liberty University.
B. This fee is in addition to the normal test fee required for the knowledge
test.
-----------END-----------
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STATEMENT OF UNDERSTANDING

I have read the Liberty University Flight Operations

Manual and agree to comply with the policies and
procedures described therein.
I understand that failure to comply with these

policies, whether by choice or ignorance, represents
grounds for removal from the School of Aeronautics.
_____________________________________________
Student Signature
_____________________________________________
Student Name - Please Print
_____________________________________________
Date
This form must be removed and submitted to your

assigned flight instructor prior to beginning flight
training.
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School of Aeronautics

Flight Operations Manual

WITH CHANGES HIGHLIGHTED

Dear Professional Pilots,

Welcome to the flight operations portion of Liberty University

Whether the Lord is calling you to missionary, corporate, airline,

We look forward to helping develop you into a professional

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Welcome to the School of Aeronautics!

At Liberty, God has given us a perfect safety record. Thats something

Safety is not just my responsibility or the responsibility of the flight

Learning to fly is one of the most incredible experiences of life. Learning

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LIST OF EFFECTIVE PAGES

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Section 4 4-2 2 07/01/2011

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Section 11 11-1 2 07/01/2011

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6.6 Activity Length 6-3

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9.13 Falwell (W24) Procedures 9-4

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18.1 General / Definitions 18-1

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1.2 MANUAL CURRENCY

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12. Primary Flight Students:

1.4 ABBREVIATIONS / ACRONYMS

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1.5 FOM WAIVER AUTHORITY

1.6 DOCUMENT CHANGES

1. Recommendations for changes to any LUSOA document should be made

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3. Once complete, the form should be submitted to the Director of

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2.2 SAFETY REPORTS

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2.3 NASA REPORTS

2.4 SAFETY THEMES

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3.2 CHAIN OF COMMAND

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3.3 MEDICAL CERTIFICATES