Capacity Monitoring Guide

Capacity Monitoring and Expansion Guide Page 1 of 27
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 Overview
1.1 Procedure of Monitoring Wireless Network Resources
1.1 Overview of Wireless Network Resources
2 GSM Wireless Network Resources

2.1 Wireless Resources
2.1.1 SDCCH Channel Resources
2.1.2 CCCH Channel Resources
2.1.3 TCH Channel Resources
2.1.4 PDCH Channel Resources
2.2 Base Station Resources
2.2.1 CC Board Load
2.3 ZXG10 iBSC Resources
2.3.1 Abis Link Resource
2.3.2 Gb-Interface Link Resource
2.3.3 A-Interface Trunk Resource
2.3.4 No.7 Signaling Link Resource
2.3.5 SCTP Resources
2.3.6 CMP CPU Load
2.3.7 BSC Paging Capacity
2.3.8 DSP Resource on the UPPB Board
2.3.9 DSP Resource on the AIPB board
2.3.10 IP Interface Board Resource
2.4 ZXUR 9000 GSM Resources
2.4.5 CMP CPU Load
2.4.7 Slave Resources on the RUP Board
2.4.8 Interface Board Resource
3 Analysis and Processing of GSM Wireless Network Resource Utilization Rates

3.1 Impacts of Wireless Network Resources Upon Basic Service Flows
3.2 Analysis and Processing for Load of Wireless Resources
3.2.1 Analysis and Processing of the SDCCH Utilization Rate
3.2.2 Analysis and Processing of the CCCH Utilization Rate
3.2.3 Analysis and Processing of the TCH Utilization Rate
3.2.4 Analysis and Processing of the PDCH Utilization Rate
3.3 Analysis and Processing for Load of Base Station Resources
3.3.1 Analysis and Processing for CC Board Load
3.4 Analysis and Processing for Load of ZXG10 iBSC Resources
3.4.1 Analysis and Processing of Abis-Interface Link Utilization Rate
3.4.2 Analysis and Processing of Gb-Interface Link Utilization Rate
3.4.3 Analysis and Processing of A/Ater-Interface Link Utilization Rate
3.4.4 Analysis and Processing of No.7 Signaling Link Utilization Rate
3.4.5 Analysis and Processing of the SCTP Traffic Indicator
3.4.6 Analysis and Processing of CMP CPU Usage
3.4.7 Analysis and Processing of BSC Paging Capacity
3.4.8 Analysis and Processing of DSP Resource Utilization Rate on the UPPB Board
3.4.9 Analysis and Processing of Utilization Rate of DSP Resource on the AIPB Board
3.4.10 Analysis of IP Interface Board Transmitting and Receiving Utilization Rate
3.5 Analysis and Processing for Load of ZXUR9000 GSM Resources
3.5.7 Analysis and Processing of Slave Resource Utilization Rate on the RUP Board
3.5.8 Analysis and Processing of Board Utilization Rate
4 Appendix: Monitoring and Expansion Threshold for Wireless Network Resources
1 Overview
Wireless network resource monitoring is an important job in the network maintenance phase. With the increase in the number of users and service applications,
especially with the rapid development of wireless broadband data services, the network load will continue to rise. When the network load reaches a certain level,
congestion occurs in network resources and network performance deteriorates, which ultimately affect users service experience. To satisfy service development
requirements, it is required to monitor the load and performance of the entire network in real time, and optimize or expand the capacity for any NE whose load exceeds
the threshold. Thus, the network carrier achieves good user experience and keeps a competitive advantage of the network.
1.1 Procedure of Monitoring Wireless Network Resources

Wireless network resource monitoring is conducted upon three NE layers: wireless side, base stations and controllers. Figure 1-1 shows the monitoring flow.
Discover indicators to be handled through network monitoring, and adjust loads first through resource balancing and function commissioning. If you fail to satisfy
requirements after resource balancing and optimization, expand the corresponding resources.
Figure 1-1 Network Resource Monitoring Flow
http://127.0.0.1:8890/go_outfiles/Lib20140527134643_R1_1/documents/OK/Capacity%... 2/3/2015
Using counters of the UR13 network management system as a reference, this document describes load indicators and suggestions for expansion thresholds in ZTEs
GSM wireless network.
1.1 Overview of Wireless Network Resources

Resources to be monitored in a GSM wireless network are divided into three parts: wireless air-interface resources, BS resources, and BSC resources. This section
describes the meaning of each resource and the network impact in case of insufficient resources.
Table 1-1 Resources to Be Monitored in a GSM Wireless Network
Resource Resource Meaning & Impact Related

Type Name Expansion
Wireless air- SDCCH It indicates usage of wireless signaling SDCCH
interface channel channels. If wireless signaling channels are channel
resource overloaded, call setup of terminal users will
be affected and the call completion ratio will
decrease.
Wireless air- CCCH channel It indicates usage of control channels. If CCCH

interface control channels are overloaded, the call channel
resource completion ratio will decrease.
Wireless air- TCH channel It indicates usage of voice channels. If voice Carrier
interface channels are overloaded, terminal users frequency
resource cannot make voice calls properly.
Wireless air- PDCH channel It indicates usage of data channels. If data C a r r i e r
interface channels are overloaded, the data service frequency
resource experience of terminal users will be affected.
BS resource Load of the CC It indicates load of the main processor on CC board
board the base station. If the signaling traffic is
high, the CC board will be overloaded and
triggered flow control. As a result, the
access of terminal users will be affected.
Controller Abis link It indicates the usage of Abis bandwidth. If Abis
resource utilization rate the bandwidth is insufficient, service access transmission
will be affected. resource
Controller Gb-interface It indicates the usage of the Gb-interface Gb-interface
resource link utilization bandwidth. If the bandwidth is insufficient, transmission
rate the rate of PS services will be affected. resource
Controller A-interface It indicates the bandwidth usage of the A-interface
resource trunk utilization A-interface. If the bandwidth is insufficient, transmission
rate calls cannot be connected properly. resource
Controller No.7 signaling It indicates usage of No.7 signaling links. If No.7 link
resource link utilization signaling load is too high, the call completion
rate ratio will decrease.
Controller SCTP traffic It indicates the capacity of handling received SCTP
resource and transmitted packets on SCTP links. If resource
the transmitting and receiving traffic is too
high, SCTP links will be congested and
SCTP signaling messages will be lost. As a
result, normal service connection will be
affected.
Controller CMP CPU load It indicates load of the main processor on CMP board
resource the controller. The CMP manages the user
plane and the control plane. If its load
exceeds the threshold, the call completion
ratio will decrease.
Controller BSC paging It indicates BSCs paging load. If the BSCs CMP board
resource load paging load is too high, the paging success
ratio will decrease.
Controller Utilization rate It indicates usage of DSP resources. If DSP UPPB board
resource of DSP resources are insufficient, PS services will
resources on be affected.
the UPPB
board
Controller AIPB UDP port It indicates UDP load if IP A-Interface (IPA) AIPB board
resource utilization rate is used. If the UDP load is too high, CS
(IPA) access will be affected.
Controller Utilization rate It indicates usage of Slave resources on the RUP board
resource of Slave RUP board. If slave resources are
resources on overloaded, services on this board cannot
the RUP board operate properly.
Controller EGPB board It indicates whether the equivalent PPS EGPB board
resource utilization rate capacity of forwarding packets on the EGPB
board is restricted. If the handling capacity is
exceeded, services on this board cannot
operate properly.
Controller Utilization rate It indicates usage of each interface board. If Corresponding
resource of interface the handling capacity of an interface board is interface
boards exceeded, services on this board cannot board
operate properly.
2 GSM Wireless Network Resources

This chapter describes definitions of the indicators to be monitored for resources on each NE layer and their monitoring threshold settings. Two-level monitoring is
used for GSM wireless network resources: yellow pre-alarm threshold (low threshold) and red pre-alarm threshold (high threshold). For different network quality
requirements, you can adjust monitoring thresholds accordingly.
2.1 Wireless Resources

Wireless resource monitoring is mainly performed on channel resources. For the type of channels to be monitored, refer to Table 2-1.
Table 2-1 Wireless Resources
Monitoring
Indicator Formula Threshold
Yellow Red
Wireless Pre- Pre-
Resource Indicator alarm alarm
Erl per SDCCH C901080005/Gr/C901080001 0.7 0.9
channel
SDCCH SDCCH C901250003/ C901250001 1% 2%
channel congestion ratio
((C901280040+C901280066+C901280099)*0.2354/Gr+(C901640007+2* 55% 70%
CCCH channel (C901640008+C901640009+C901640010+C901640011))*0.2354/Gr/4)/9*Number of
utilization rate CCCH channels
Percentage of C901640005 50% 70%
PCH block
resources used
CCCH Paging message (C901640001+C901640002)/C901640007 1% 5%
channel congestion ratio
Erl per TCH (C901080015+C901080023)/Gr/(C901080009+C901080028+C901080019) 0.7 0.9
channel
TCH congestion (C901260022+C901260071+C901270022+C901270071)/ 2% 5%
TCH channel ratio (C901260020+C901260069+C901270020+C901270069)
PDCH channel C901040017/ C901040003 80% 95%
utilization rate
Uplink PDCH (C901190016+C901190039+C901190065+C901200016+C901200039+C901200065)/ 1% 3%
congestion ratio (C901190001+C901190036+C901190062+C901200001+C901200036+C901200062)
PDCH Downlink PDCH (C901170008+C901170024+C901170037+C901180008+C901180024+C901180037)/ 1% 3%
channel congestion ratio (C901170001+C901170021+C901170034+C901180001+C901180021+C901180034)
2.1.1 SDCCH Channel Resources
The SDCCH channel is a dedicated channel used to set up the connection between an MS and the network. For example, before the TCH channel is allocated, the
SDCCH channel is used to transfer system signaling messages, receive and send short messages, and perform location updates during the call setup process. Since
service traffic on the SDCCH channel is low, the TCH channel is not required. Service traffic on the SDCCH channel is 1/8 of the traffic on the TCH channel. The
SDCCH channel is divided as follows:
1. SDCCH/8: Stand-Alone dedicated control channel
2. SDCCH/4: Stand-Alone dedicated control channel combined with the CCCH channel.
To monitor the utilization rate of SDCCH channel resources in the network, observe the following two indicators:
Erl per SDCCH channel: C901080005/Gr/C901080001
SDCCH congestion ratio: C901250003/ C901250001
Table 2-2 Counters Related to the SDCCH Channel Utilization Rate
Counter ID Description
C901080005 SDCCH busy time
C901080001 Average number of available SDCCH
C901250001 Number of SDCCH seizure attempts for assignment
C901250003 Number of SDCCH seizure failure for assignment
Granularity of collecting statistics on the background OMM. Unit:
Gr seconds.
For the setting of monitoring thresholds, refer to Table 2-3.
Table 2-3 Monitoring Thresholds for the SDCCH Channel Utilization Rate
Pre-alarm Level Yellow Pre-alarm Red Pre-alarm

Erl per SDCCH channel 0.7 0.9
SDCCH congestion ratio 1% 2%
When the yellow pre-alarm threshold is exceeded, you need to enable SDCCH dynamic conversion feature ZGB-03-02-003 Dynamic Configuration of SDCCH to
increase SDCCH channels. When the red pre-alarm threshold is exceeded, you need to expand SDCCH channels immediately.
2.1.2 CCCH Channel Resources
The Common Control Channel(CCCH) serves all mobile stations in the cell. On its downlink direction, PCH and AGCH channels broadcast paging requests and assign
dedicated channels. On its uplink direction, RACH channels transmit request messages for dedicated channels. AGCH channels are used for immediate assignment
in the CS domain and the PS domain. When a user acts as the calling party or the called party, performs a location update, receives or sends a short message, one
immediate assignment in the CS domain will be triggered. One immediate assignment in the PS domain means one TBF setup process. AGCH channels and PCH
channels share CCCH channel resources. In one cell, the capacity of one CCCH channel is fixed. If CCCH channel resources inside the cell are fixed, the rapid
increase of data services will result in congestion of AGCH channels or PCH channels. When AGCH channels are congested, even if traffic channels (TCH and
PDCH) are idle, user access still fail, so network access performance will be affected. If PCH channels are congested, network paging performance will decrease.
Since data services are real-time, online and interactive, they occupy more AGCH channel resources. The more interactive a data service is, the greater impact and
requirements it will impose upon the AGCH channel. Therefore, with the continuous increase of traffic, higher requirements are imposed upon the capacity of CCCH
channels. If the load of CCCH channels still exceeds the configured channel number after optimization, CCCH channels should be expanded.
Downlink CCCH channels are shared by PCH channels and AGCH channels. PCH channels are used for message paging, while AGCH channels are used for
immediate assignment of messages in voice and data services. Suppose that one CCCH channel is configured on the cell level with the granularity of 15 minutes,
traffic of the CCCH channel is calculated as follows:
Number of occupied AGCH channels = (CS Immediate assignment messages + PS Immediate assignment messages) * 0.2354/900
Number of occupied PCH channels = (One-time paging times * (1 + 2 * Multi-retransmission ratio ) + (PS paging times) *0.2354/900/4
Load of cell-level CCCH channels = (Number of occupied PCH channels + Number of occupied AGCH channels)/9
(Note: The number of paging-occupied channels includes PS paging messages when the paging queue is full and there is no retransmission for the second time.
Before calculating the number of paging-occupied channels, make sure that in system settings the TMSI is used in the first paging, the IMSI is used in retransmission,
and paging messages are not automatically retransmitted on the air interface. )
Therefore, the monitoring indicator for CCCH channel resources is calculated as follows:
CCCH channel utilization rate
((C901280040+C901280066+C901280099)*0.2354/Gr+(C901640007+2*(C901640008+C901640009+C901640010+C901640011))*0.2354/Gr/4)/9*Number of CCCH
channels
Table 2-4 Counters Related to the CCCH Channel Utilization Rate
C901280040 Number of IMMEDIATE ASSIGN COMMAND messages
C901280066 Number of ABIS_PACKET_IMM_ASSIGN_CMD messages
C901280099 Number of ABIS_PACKET_IMM_ASSIGN_CMD_NEW messages
C901640007 Number of paging messages retransmitted zero times
C901640008 Number of paging messages retransmitted one times
C901640009 Number of paging messages retransmitted two times
C901640010 Number of paging messages retransmitted three times
C901640011 Numbers of paging messages retransmitted four times
Gr seconds.
PCH channels are used to send paging messages on the downlink. To monitor PCH channel resources separately, check the following two indicators:
Percentage of PCH block resources used: C901640005
Paging message congestion ratio: (C901640001 + C901640002)/C901640007
Table 2-5 Counters Related to the PCH Channel Utilization Rate
C901640005 The percentage of PCH Blocks validly used
C901640001 Number of PS paging message discarded due to full of the queue
C901640002 Number of CS paging message discarded due to full of the queue
C901640007 Number of paging messages retransmitted zero times
For pre-alarm thresholds for the cell-level CCCH channel load, refer to Table 2-6.
Table 2-6 Monitoring Thresholds for CCCH Channel Utilization Rate

Cell-level CCCH load 55% 70%
When the yellow pre-alarm threshold is exceeded, you need to expand CCCH channels. When the red pre-alarm threshold is exceeded, you should expand CCCH
channels immediately.
When the paging channel utilization rate is analyzed separately, its monitoring thresholds are described in Table 2-7.
Table 2-7 Monitoring Thresholds for the PCH Channel Utilization Rate
Yellow Pre-
Pre-alarm Level Red Pre-alarm
alarm
Percentage of PCH block resources 50% 70%
used
Paging message congestion ratio 1% 5%
When the yellow pre-alarm threshold is exceeded, you need to expand PCH channels (by increasing the number of CCCH channels). When the red pre-alarm
threshold is exceeded, you should expand PCH channels immediately.
2.1.3 TCH Channel Resources
The TCH channel bears encoded voice or user data. It is divided into a full-rate traffic channel (TCH/F) and a half-rate traffic channel (TCH/H).
1. A full rate traffic channel (TCH/F): Its total rate is 22.8 kbit/s.
2. A half rate traffic channel (TCH/H): Its total rate is 11.4 kbit/s.
According to carried services, the TCH channel is divided into a voice service channel and data service channel.
1. Voice service channel
i. TCH/FS: A full rate Speech TCH
ii. TCH/HS: A half rate Speech TCH
2. Data service channel
i. TCH/F9.6: A full rate data TCH (9,6kbit/s)
ii. TCH/F4.8: A full rate date TCH (4,8kbit/s)
iii. TCH/H4.8: A half rate data TCH (4,8kbit/s)
iv. TCH/F2.4: A full rate data TCH (2,4kbit/s)
The following two indicators are monitored for the TCH channel utilization rate:
Erl per TCH channel:
(C901080015 + C901080023)/Gr/(C901080009 + C901080028 + C901080019)

TCH congestion ratio:
(C901260022 + C901260071 + C901270022 + C901270071)/(C901260020 + C901260069 + C901270020 + C901270069)
Table 2-8 Counters Related to the TCH Channel Utilization Rate
C901080015 TCH/H busy time
C901080023 TCH/F busy time
C901080009 Average number of available dynamic radio channel
C901080028 Number of available defined TCH/F
C901080019 Number of available defined TCH/H
C901260022 Number of voice TCH/F seizure failure for assignment
C901260071 Number of data TCH/F seizure failure for assignment
C901270022 Number of voice TCH/H seizure failure for assignment
C901270071 Number of data TCH/H seizure failure for assignment
C901260020 Number of voice TCH/F seizure attempts for assignment
C901260069 Number of data TCH/F seizure attempts for assignment
C901270020 Number of voice TCH/H seizure attempts for assignment
C901270069 Number of data TCH/H seizure attempts for assignment
Gr seconds.
Table 2-9 describes monitoring thresholds for the TCH channel utilization rate.
Table 2-9 Monitoring Thresholds for the TCH Channel Utilization Rate
Yellow Pre-
alarm
Erl per TCH channel 0.7 0.9
TCH congestion ratio 2% 5%
When the yellow pre-alarm threshold is exceeded, you need to lower the TCH half-rate conversion threshold, increasing the TCH half-rate ratio, and expanding TCH
channels. When the red pre-alarm threshold is exceeded, you need to expand TCH channels immediately.
2.1.4 PDCH Channel Resources
The PDCH channel (Packet Data Channel) is a transmission channel for the packet data service. It bears control signaling messages (RLCMAC signaling) and user
data in data service transmitting and receiving flow.
The PDCH channel is divided into the following two types according to its configuration mode:
1. Static PDCH: This channel is only used in the packet service.
2. Dynamic PDCH: This channel is converted between the TCH and the PDCH as needed, which are used in the voice service and packet service respectively.
The following three indicators are monitored for the PDCH channel utilization rate:
PDCH channel utilization rate:
C901040017/C901040003
Uplink PDCH congestion ratio:
(C901190016 + C901190039 + C901190065 + C901200016 + C901200039 + C901200065)/(C901190001 + C901190036 + C901190062 + C901200001 +

C901200036 + C901200062)
Downlink PDCH congestion ratio:
(C901170008 + C901170024 + C901170037 + C901180008 + C901180024 + C901180037)/(C901170001 + C901170021 + C901170034 + C901180001 +

C901180021 + C901180034)
Table 2-10 Counters Related to the PDCH Channel Utilization Rate
C901040017 Average number of used PDCH
C901040003 Average number of available PDCH
C901190016 Number of GPRS UL TBF establishment failure due to RR
congestion
C901190039 Number of GPRS UL TBF resource reallocation failure due to RR
congestion for DL TBF establishment
C901190065 Number of GPRS UL TBF resource reallocation failure due to RR
congestion for resource request
C901200016 Number of EGPRS UL TBF establishment failure due to RR
congestion
C901200039 Number of EGPRS UL TBF resource reallocation failure due to RR
congestion for DL TBF establishment
C901200065 Number of EGPRS UL TBF resource reallocation failure due to RR
congestion for resource request
C901190001 Number of GPRS UL TBF establishment requests
C901190036 Number of GPRS UL TBF resource reallocation requests due to DL
TBF establishment
C901190062 Number of GPRS UL TBF resource reallocation requests for
resource request
C901200001 Number of EGPRS UL TBF establishment requests
C901200036 Number of EGPRS UL TBF resource reallocation requests due to DL
TBF establishment
C901200062 Number of EGPRS UL TBF resource reallocation requests for
resource request
C901170008 Number of GPRS DL TBF establishment failure due to RR
congestion
C901170024 Number of GPRS DL TBF resource reallocation failure due to RR
congestion for UL TBF establishment
C901170037 Number of GPRS DL TBF resource reallocation failure due to RR
congestion for LLC transmission
C901180008 Number of EGPRS DL TBF establishment failure due to RR
congestion
C901180024 Number of EGPRS DL TBF resource reallocation failure due to RR
congestion for UL TBF establishment
C901180037 Number of EGPRS DL TBF resource reallocation failure due to RR
congestion for LLC transmission
C901170001 Number of GPRS DL TBF establishment requests
C901170021 Number of GPRS DL TBF resource reallocation requests due to UL
TBF establishment
C901170034 Number of GPRS DL TBF resource reallocation requests due to LLC
transmission
C901180001 Number of EGPRS DL TBF establishment requests
C901180021 Number of EGPRS DL TBF resource reallocation requests due to UL
TBF establishment
C901180034 Number of EGPRS DL TBF resource reallocation requests due to
LLC transmission
Table 2-11 describes recommended monitoring thresholds for the PDCH channel utilization rate.
Table 2-11 Monitoring Thresholds for the PDCH Channel Utilization Rate
Yellow Pre-
alarm
PDCH channel utilization rate 80% 95%
Uplink PDCH congestion ratio 1% 3%
Uplink PDCH congestion ratio 1% 3%
When the yellow pre-alarm threshold is exceeded, you need to increase the channel multiplexing ratio, reducing the number of channels allocated to each user,
increasing the number of static channels, and expanding PDCH channels. When the red pre-alarm threshold is exceeded, you should expand PDCH channels
immediately.
2.2 Base Station Resources
2.2.1 CC Board Load
The CC board is used as the base station main-control board. The CC board provides the following functions for a BS: clock function, data switching function,
operation and maintenance management, network interface function, and signaling processing.
Functions of the CC board are fulfilled by both the hardware and software of the CC board. Functions fulfilled by the hardware are determined directly by the board
type, and do not need to be measured. This section describes how to measure the functions fulfilled by the software or by the hardware and software together.
According to the design, networking planning, and maintenance situation of the CC board, the following indicators need to be monitored for the CC board load:
Maximum CPU utilization rate: C370010000
Average CPU utilization rate: C370010001
Table 2-12 Counters Related to the CC Board Load Indicator
C370010000 Maximum CPU utilization rate
C370010001 Average CPU utilization rate
For the setting of monitoring thresholds, refer to Table 2-13.
Table 2-13 Monitoring Thresholds for the CC Board Load Indicator

Average CPU utilization rate 75% 80%
Maximum CPU utilization rate 85% 90%
When both the average CPU utilization rate and the maximum CPU utilization rate exceed the yellow pre-alarm threshold, you need to monitor CPU load closely.
When both counters exceed the red pre-alarm threshold, it indicates that the CPU of the CC board is has a high load, so you need to split the site or expand the CC
board (by replacing it with a main-control board with greater processing capacity).
2.3 ZXG10 iBSC Resources

The ZXG10 iBSC is a full-IP base station controller from ZTE, which is in charge of system access control, security mode control, mobility management, and wireless
resource management and control functions.
During operation of the ZXG10 iBSC, users need to pay attention to the transmission capacity load of each external interface and the capacity load of each board. The
corresponding indicators are defined by counters, which have two-level monitoring, the yellow pre-alarm threshold (low threshold) and red pre-alarm threshold (high
threshold).
In addition, the extreme point is defined for the situation when the peak-hour load indicator exceeds the monitoring threshold for three days in one week. When the
load in the existing network exceeds the yellow pre-alarm threshold, consider optimization measures such as load balancing, and load reduction or expansion. When
the load in the existing network exceeds the red pre-alarm threshold, handle it immediately to ensure that the system load is kept under the yellow pre-alarm threshold.
Table 2-14 describes detailed monitoring indicators.
Table 2-14 ZXG10 iBSC Running Load Indicators
Indicator Yellow Red

Indicator
Type Definition Pre- Pre-
Name
alarm alarm
Abis link Abis link 80% 90%
resource resource C901040002/Number of Abis
utilization rate timeslots
(TDM E1 Abis)
Abis uplink 80% 90%
bandwidth
C370020009
utilization rate
(IP Abis-FE)
Abis downlink 80% 90%
bandwidth
C370020008
utilization rate
(IP Abis-FE)
Abis uplink (C901840001 * 8/1000/Gr)/ 80% 90%
bandwidth C901840015
utilization rate Gr: Measurement period, Unit:
(IP Abis-IPOE) seconds
Abis downlink (C901840011 * 8/1000/Gr)/ 80% 90%
bandwidth C901840015
(IP Abis-IPOE) seconds
Gb- (C901460005 * 8/1000/Gr)/(Number 80% 90%
interface Gb-interface of timeslots in BRCH links on the Gb
link uplink interface * 64)
resource utilization rate
(E1) Gr: Measurement period, Unit:
seconds
(C901460004 * 8/1000/Gr)/(Number 80% 90%
Gb-interface of timeslots in BRCH links on the Gb
downlink interface* 64)
utilization rate
(E1) Gr: Measurement period, Unit:
seconds
(8* )/(Gr*1000000000)/ min 60% 80%
(Bandwidth allocated by the bearer
Gb-interface network (Gbps),Maximum throughput
uplink of the board)
bandwidth
If the GIPI is used, n=1; if the GIPI4
utilization rate
is used, n=2.
(IP)
Gr: Measurement period, Unit:
seconds
(8* )/(Gr*1000000000)/ min 60% 80%
Gb-interface network (Gbps),Maximum throughput
downlink of the board)
bandwidth
utilization rate
is used, n=2.
(IP)
seconds
A-interface A-interface 80% 90%
trunk trunk utilization
C901380019/C901380001
resource rate
(E1/STM-1)
(8* )/(Gr*1000000000)/ min 60% 80%
A-interface network (Gbps),Maximum throughput
uplink of the board)
bandwidth
utilization rate
is used, n=2.
(IP)
seconds
(8* )/(Gr*1000000000)/ min 60% 80%
A-interface network (Gbps),Maximum throughput
downlink of the board)
bandwidth
utilization rate
is used, n=2.
(IP)
seconds
Ater-interface 80% 90%
(C901600005/2 +
trunk utilization
C901600004)/C901600003
rate (E1)
No.7 Utilization rate 20% 40%
signaling of No.7
C901670046/10000
link signaling links
resource on the uplink
Utilization rate 20% 40%
of No.7
C901670047/10000
signaling links
on the downlink
SCTP Transmitted C901420005/ Gr 80k 100K
traffic traffic on SCTP Gr: Measurement period, Unit:
links seconds
C901420003/ Gr 80k 100K
Received traffic
on SCTP links Gr: Measurement period, Unit:
seconds
CMP CPU CMP CPU 60% 80%
C901410004
load utilization rate
BSC Number of 1 10
paging times that
capacity paging traffic C902110002
exceeds the
threshold

Indicator
Type Definition Pre- Pre-
Name
alarm alarm
DSP Utilization rate (C902470002/C902470003)/Number 80% 90%
resource of DSP of timeslots on a single DSP
of the timeslots on the Note: Number of timeslots on a
UPPB UPPB board single DSP is as follows: 160/100M,
board 400/Gigabit
Maximum 80% 90%
utilization rate
of DSP MAC
C902470037
instances on
the UPBB
board
Average DSP 80% 90%
load of the C902470041
UPPB board
DSP C902470030/Number of timeslots on 80% 90%
resource Utilization rate a single DSP
of the of DSP
resource of the Note: Number of timeslots on a
AIPB single DSP is as follows: 125/100M,
board AIPB board
406/Gigabit
Utilization (C901850060 * 4294967296 + 70% 80%
rate of GIPI C901850059)/Gr/(420 * 1000)
interface transmitting
boards seconds
( C901850009 * 4294967296 + 70% 80%
GIPI receiving C901850008)/Gr/(420 * 1000)
seconds
Comprehensive 70% 80%
GIPI4 ( + 1* )/Gr/(1080 * 1000)
transmitting Gr: Measurement period, Unit:
and receiving seconds
utilization rate
The Abis interface is an interface between the BSC and the BTS. According to different access modes, it is divided into three types: TDM E1 Abis, IP Abis-FE, and IP
Abis-IPOE. Abis link resource monitoring results indicate whether transmission resources under these three access modes are sufficient. This section describes these
indicators in detail.
2.3.1.1 Abis Link Resource Utilization Rate (TDM E1 Abis)
Definition: When the TDM E1 Abis interface is used, this indicator indicates the occupancy of transmission time slot resources on the Abis interface.
Formula:
Abis link resource utilization rate (TDM E1 Abis) = C901040002/Number of Abis timeslots
Table 2-15 Counters Related to the Abis Link Resource Utilization Rate (TDM E1 Abis)
C901040002 Number of used Abis TS
Note:
1. Number of used Abis TS is taken from the Abis time-slot pool configured on each site.
2. The C901040002 counter value is counted by cell. After the counter values of all cells are added up, the total value may exceed the configured total number of
timeslots.
Table 2-16 Monitoring Thresholds for the Abis Link Resource Utilization Rate (TDM E1 Abis)
Indicator Yellow Pre-alarm Red Pre-alarm

Abis link resource utilization 80% 90%
rate (TDM E1 Abis)
2.3.1.2 Abis Uplink/Downlink Bandwidth Utilization Rate (IP Abis-FE)
Definition: When the IP Abis interface in FE mode is used, this indicator indicates the occupancy of bandwidth on the Abis interface.
Formula:
Abis uplink bandwidth utilization rate (IP Abis-FE): C370020009
Abis downlink bandwidth utilization rate (IP Abis-FE): C370020008
Table 2-17 Counters Related to the Abis Uplink/Downlink Bandwidth Utilization Rate (IP Abis-FE)
C370020009 Radio of Send Bandwidth
C370020008 Radio of Receive Bandwidth
Note: none.
Table 2-18 Monitoring Thresholds for the Abis Uplink/Downlink Bandwidth Utilization Rate (IP Abis-FE)

80% 90%

Abis uplink bandwidth
utilization rate (IP Abis-FE)
Abis downlink bandwidth 80% 90%
2.3.1.3 Abis Uplink/Downlink Bandwidth Utilization Rate (IP Abis-IPOE)
Definition: When the IP Abis interface in IPOE mode is used, this indicator indicates the occupancy of bandwidth on the Abis interface.
Formula:
Abis uplink bandwidth utilization rate (IP Abis-IPOE) = (C901840001 * 8/1000/Gr)/ C901840015
Abis downlink bandwidth utilization rate (IP Abis-IPOE) = (C901840011 * 8/1000/Gr)/ C901840015
Table 2-19 Counters Related to the Abis Uplink/Downlink Bandwidth Utilization Rate (IP Abis-IPOE)
Number of received bytes. That is, number of bytes sent by the SDR
C901840001 on the uplink PPP channel (Byte).
Number of sent bytes. That is, number of bytes received by the SDR
C901840011 on the downlink PPP channel (Byte).
C901840015 Bandwidth of PPP link(bps)
Note:
1. The above counters are counted for each PPP link.
2. Gr: Measurement period, Unit: seconds
Table 2-20 Monitoring Thresholds for the Abis Uplink/Downlink Bandwidth Utilization Rate (IP Abis-IPOE)

Abis uplink bandwidth utilization 80% 90%
rate (IP Abis-IPOE)
utilization rate (IP Abis-IPOE)
The Gb interface is an interface between the BSC and the SGSN. According to different access modes, it is divided into two types: E1 and IP. Gb-interface link
resource monitoring results indicate whether transmission resources under these two access modes are sufficient. This section describes these indicators in detail.
2.3.2.1 Gb-Interface Uplink/Downlink Utilization Rate (E1)
Definition: When the Gb interface in FR mode is used, this indicator indicates the occupancy of links on the Gb interface.
Formula:
Gb-interface uplink utilization rate (E1) = (C901460005 * 8/1000/Gr)/(Number of timeslots in BRCH links on the Gb interface * 64)
Gb-interface downlink utilization rate (E1) = (C901460004 * 8/1000/Gr)/(Number of timeslots in BRCH links on the Gb interface * 64)
Table 2-21 Counters Related to the Gb-Interface Uplink/Downlink Link Utilization Rate (E1)
C901460005 Number of bytes sent on FR link (Byte)
C901460004 Number of bytes received on FR link (Byte)
Note:
1. The number of timeslots of BRCH links on the Gb interface is acquired from the configuration.
2. Gr: Measurement period, Unit: seconds
Table 2-22 Monitoring Thresholds for the Gb-Interface Uplink/Downlink Link Utilization Rate (E1)

Gb-interface uplink utilization 80% 90%
rate (E1)
Gb-interface downlink 80% 90%
utilization rate (E1)
2.3.2.2 Gb-Interface Uplink/Downlink Bandwidth Utilization Rate (IP)
Definition: This indicator indicates the occupancy of bandwidth on the uplink and downlink of the IPGb interface.
Formula:
Gb-interface uplink bandwidth utilization rate (IP):
(8* )/ (Gr*1000000000)/ min(Bandwidth allocated by the bearer network (Gbps),Maximum throughput of the board)
Gb-interface downlink bandwidth utilization rate (IP):
Table 2-23 Counters Related to the Gb-Interface Uplink/Downlink Bandwidth Utilization Rate (IP)
C901850057 send packets bytes high 32bits
C901850056 send packets bytes low 32bits
C901850006 receive packets bytes high 32bits
C901850005 receive packets bytes low 32bits
Note:
1. If the interface board is the GIPI, n=1. If the interface board is the GIPI4, n=2.
2. Gr: Measurement period, Unit: seconds.
3. The number 1000000000 is used to convert the unit of the rate indicator from bps to Gbps.
4. On the IPGb interface, the interface board may be the GIPI or the GIPI4. Because the capacities of these two boards are different, they need to be distinguished.
Table 2-24 Maximum Capacity of the GIPI and the GIPI4
Board Type Maximum Remarks

Capacity
MaxOuter_GIPI 0.85 Gbps One way throughput (TX or RX) of
the external GE port
MaxOuter_GIPI4 1.7 Gbps One way throughput (TX or RX) of
the external GE port when the
board is installed in slot5/6/7/8
0.85 Gbps One way throughput (TX or RX) of
board is not installed in slot5/6/7/8
5. The physical bandwidth of the Gb-interface is allocated by the data bearer network, so it is acquired from the data bearer network. If the physical bandwidth
allocated by the bearer network is greater than the maximum capacity of the board, the maximum capacity MaxOuter_GIPI or MaxOuter_GIPI4 is selected
according to the interface board type.
6. The board bandwidth capacity (MaxOuter) indicates the capacity after the maximum signaling traffic and non-service traffic such as OMCB and PTP have been
reserved. The IP interface rate does not distinguish the interface type (Gb, IPA, or IPAbis), so you need to manually confirm the type of each IP interface.
Table 2-25 Monitoring Thresholds for the Gb-Interface Uplink/Downlink Bandwidth Utilization Rate (IP)

Gb-interface uplink 60% 80%
bandwidth utilization rate (IP)
The A-interface is an interface between the BSC and the MSC. According to different access modes, it is divided into two types: E1 and IP. A-interface link resource
monitoring results indicate whether transmission resources under these two access modes are sufficient. This section describes these indicators in detail.
2.3.3.1 A-Interface Trunk Utilization Rate (E1/STM-1)
Definition: When the A interface in TDM mode is used, this indicator indicates the occupancy of trunk circuits on the A interface.
Formula:
A-interface trunk utilization rate (E1/STM-1): C901380019/C901380001
Table 2-26 Counters Related to the A-Interface Trunk Utilization Rate (E1/STM-1)
C901380019 Mean number of busy trunk circuits
C901380001 Mean number of available trunk circuits
Note: none.
Table 2-27 Monitoring Thresholds for the A-Interface Trunk Utilization Rate (E1/STM-1)

A-interface trunk utilization 80% 90%
rate (E1/STM-1)
2.3.3.2 A-Interface Uplink/Downlink Bandwidth Utilization Rate (IP)
Definition: When the A-interface in IP mode is used, this indicator indicates the occupancy of transmission bandwidth on the A-interface.
Formula:
IPA uplink bandwidth utilization rate:
IPA downlink bandwidth utilization rate:
Table 2-28 Counters Related to the A-Interface Uplink/Downlink Bandwidth Utilization Rate (IP)
C901850057 send packets bytes high 32bits
C901850056 send packets bytes low 32bits
C901850006 receive packets bytes high 32bits
C901850005 receive packets bytes low 32bits
Note:
1. If the interface board is the GIPI, n=1. If the interface board is the GIPI4, n=2.
4. On the IP A interface, the interface board may be the GIPI or the GIPI4. Because the capacities of these two boards are different, they need to be distinguished.
Table 2-29 Maximum Capacity of Physical Bandwidth on the GIPI and the GIPI4
Board Type Maximum Remarks

Capacity
MaxOuter_GIPI 0.85 Gbps One way throughput (TX or RX) of
the external GE port
MaxOuter_GIPI4 1.7 Gbps One way throughput (TX or RX) of
board is installed in slot5/6/7/8
0.85 Gbps One way throughput (TX or RX) of
board is not installed in slot5/6/7/8
5. The physical bandwidth of the A interface is allocated by the data bearer network, so it is acquired the data bearer network. If the physical bandwidth allocated by
the bearer network is greater than the maximum capacity of the board, the maximum capacity MaxOuter_GIPI or MaxOuter_GIPI4 is selected according to the
interface board type.
Table 2-30 Monitoring Thresholds for the A-Interface Uplink/Downlink Bandwidth Utilization Rate (IP)

A-interface uplink bandwidth 60% 80%
utilization rate (IP)
A-interface downlink 60% 80%
2.3.3.3 Ater-Interface Trunk Utilization Rate
Definition: When the Ater-interface (with external TC) is used, this indicator indicates the occupancy of trunk circuits on the Ater interface.
Formula:
Ater-interface trunk utilization rate = (C901600005/2 + C901600004)/C901600003
Table 2-31 Counters Related to the Ater-Interface Trunk Utilization Rate
C901600005 Maximum number of busy 8K relay circuits of Ater interface
C901600003 Average number of available 16K relay circuits of Ater interface
Note:
8K relay circuits are used in the HR service, while 16 relay circuits are used in FR circuits. Two 8K relay circuits are multiplexed in one 16K sub-time slot.
Table 2-32 Monitoring Thresholds for the Ater-Interface Trunk Utilization Rate

Ater-interface trunk 80% 90%
utilization rate
Under E1 transmission mode, the No.7 signaling link is used to exchange control-plane messages between the BSC and the MSC (or the iTC). Its bandwidth can be
configured as 64 K or 2 M. This section describes the utilization rate indicator in detail.
2.3.4.1 No.7 Signaling Link Uplink/Downlink Utilization Rate
Definition: This indicator indicates the load of No.7 signaling links.
Formula:
No.7 signaling link uplink utilization rate = C901670046/10000
No.7 signaling link downlink utilization rate = C901670047/10000
Table 2-33 Counters Related to the No.7 Signaling Link Uplink/Downlink Utilization Rate
C901670046 Ten thousand multiple bandwidth occupancy rate on outgoing
signalling link
Ten thousand multiple bandwidth occupancy rate on incoming
C901670047 signalling link
Note:
At most 16 No.7 signaling links can be configured for one single adjacent office.
Table 2-34 Monitoring Thresholds for the No.7 Signaling Link Uplink/Downlink Utilization Rate

Utilization rate of No.7 20% 40%
signaling links on the uplink
signaling links on the
downlink
2.3.5 SCTP Resources
Under IP transmission mode, the SCTP link is used to exchange signaling messages between the BSC and the core network. You can monitor the traffic on one SCTP
link to ensure that the actual traffic falls within the scope of system processing capacity.
2.3.5.1 SCTP Traffic
Definition: This indicator indicates the traffic of each SCTP link on the iBSC, to ensure that SCTP congestion does not exist.
Formula:
Traffic sent on SCTP links: C901420005/ Gr
Traffic received on SCTP links: C901420003/ Gr
Table 2-35 Counters Related to the SCTP Traffic Indicator
C901420005 Bytes of packets sent to ip(Bytes)
C901420003 Bytes of packets received from ip(Bytes)
Note:
1. On the ZXG10 iBSC, the buffer size of SCTP links is fixed in the version, and the bandwidth is mainly restricted by the size of the receiving buffer. If the bandwidth
is restricted, SCTP links need to be expanded. Usually two SCTP links are added each time.
2. On the ZXUR 9000 GSM controller, the receiving and sending buffers are managed in a new way, so the throughput of a single SCTP is no longer the bottleneck
and does not need to be monitored any longer.
Table 2-36 Monitoring Thresholds for the SCTP Traffic Indicator

Transmitted traffic on SCTP 80 K 100 K
links
Received traffic on SCTP 80 K 100 K
links
2.3.6 CMP CPU Load
The CMP board is in charge of call control for wireless services in the PS or CS domain, protocol processing on BSSAP, BSSGP, and SCTP sub-layers, and
management of distributed resources in the system itself. CPU load of the CMP board is the key indicator measuring the board processing capacity.
2.3.6.1 CMP CPU Utilization Rate
Definition: This indicator indicates the CPU load of the CMP unit on the iBSC.
Formula:
CMP CPU utilization rate: C901410004
Table 2-37 Counters Related to the CMP CPU Utilization Rate
C901410004 Mean ratio of the CPU usage
Note:
The statistics of the CPU load is calculated using the CPU load of all boards. While monitoring the counter C901410004, you need to select the load of the
corresponding unit on the CMP board.
Table 2-38 Monitoring Thresholds for the CMP CPU Utilization Rate

CMP CPU utilization rate 60% 80%
The planning of BSC paging capacity is affected by the paging capacity of the air interface and the load of the CMP. If the paging traffic in one location area is too
high, some paging messages may not be sent in time from the BTS side due to insufficient CCCH channel resources. In addition, if the paging traffic on the CMP
board is too high, its load will increase. Under scenarios with high service traffic and high load, the paging needs to be controlled. It is recommended that the incoming
paging traffic in one location area does not exceed 250000 per hour. The paging capacity should better be configured for each module and each location area. The
following indicator is monitored for the BSC paging capacity.
2.3.7.1 Number of Times that Paging Traffic Exceeds the Threshold
Definition: This indicator indicates whether the paging traffic on the iBSC has exceeded the threshold.
Formula:
Number of times that paging traffic exceeds the threshold: C902110002
Table 2-39 Counters Related to the Number of Times that Paging Traffic Exceeds the Threshold
C902110002 Times of pagings larger than the low threshold
Note:
1. Paging messages are sent to each CMP module, so traffic control measurement is completed by CMP. There are two thresholds for paging traffic control: number
of paging messages processed by the system per second, and maximum number of paging messages that can be processed by the system per second, which
are set to 300/s and 400/s respectively by default.
2. When the first traffic control threshold is reached, the system starts to discard PS paging messages. When the second traffic control threshold is reached, the
system discards both PS and CS paging messages. In addition, the system also counts the number of paging messages discarded beyond the threshold and the
maximum number of paging messages discarded per second, so that onsite engineers can monitor the situation when the paging traffic is extremely high.
Table 2-40 Monitoring Thresholds for the Number of Times that Paging Traffic Exceeds the Threshold

Number of times that paging 1 10
traffic exceeds the threshold
2.3.8 DSP Resource on the UPPB Board
DSP timeslots on the UPPB board are used to process PS services, which process user-plane protocols under A/Gb mode and Iu mode, such as the BSSGP, the
PDCP, the GTP_U, and the Iu_UP. One Gigabit UPPB (GUP2) includes 15 DSPs, each of which handles 400 16K channels. One 100M UPPB (GUP) includes 14
DSPs, each of which handles 160 16K channels.
2.3.8.1 DSP Resource Utilization Rate on the UPPB Board
Definition: This indicator indicates the usage of DSP resources on the UPPB board.
Three indicators are monitored, as follows:
Utilization rate of DSP timeslots on the UPPB board = (C902470002/C902470003)/Number of timeslots on a single DSP
Maximum utilization rate of DSP MAC instances on the UPBB board: C902470036
Average load of DSPs on the UPPB board: C902470041
Table 2-41 Counters Related to the DSP Resource Utilization Rate on the UPPB Board
C902470002 Amount of used DSP TS
C902470003 Number of regular scanning and sampling
C902470036 Peak value of MAC process usage
C902470041 Mean vaule of DSP usage
Note:
1. The number of timeslots on one DSP differs according to the board type. There are 160 timeslots on a single DSP of the 100M board, and 400 timeslots on a
single DSP of the Gigabit board.
2. Measurement of Slave timeslots is taken of the DSPs of all boards. While checking the statistics, you need to units of the UPPB type according to the physical
configuration.
Table 2-42 Monitoring Thresholds for the DSP Resource Utilization Rate on the UPPB Board

Utilization rate of DSP timeslots on the 80% 90%
UPPB board
Maximum utilization rate of DSP MAC 80% 90%
instances on the UPBB board
Average DSP load of the UPPB board 80% 90%
2.3.9 DSP Resource on the AIPB board
DSP timeslots on the AIPB board are used to process CS services. On the A interface, DSP timeslots process and package the RTP protocol, transform code types,
and fulfill code type transformation and rate adaptation for TRAU frames. One Gigabit AIPB (GUP2) includes 15 DSPs, each of which handles 406 A-interface voice
timeslots. One 100 M AIPB (GUP) includes 14 DSPs, each of which handles 125 A-interface voice timeslots.
2.3.9.1 DSP Resource Utilization Rate on the AIPB Board
Definition: When the IPA interface is used, this indicator indicates the occupancy of DSP timeslots on the A-interface user-plane processing board AIPB.
Formula: C902470030/Number of timeslots on a single DSP
Table 2-43 Counters Related to the DSP Resource Utilization Rate on the AIPB Board
C902470030 Number of active voice channel
Note:
1. The number of timeslots on one DSP differs according to the board type. There are 125 timeslots on a single DSP of the 100M board, and 406 timeslots on a
single DSP of the Gigabit board.
2. Measurement of Slave timeslots is taken of the DSPs of all boards. While checking the statistics, you need to units of the AIPB type according to the physical
configuration.
Table 2-44 Monitoring Thresholds for the DSP Resource Utilization Rate on the AIPB Board

DSP resource utilization rate 80% 90%
on the AIPB board
2.3.10 IP Interface Board Resource
The IP interface board provides the IP access function for external interfaces on the BSC. The packet forwarding capacity of one board can be indicated by the
equivalent PPS, which equally reflects the contribution to the media core CPU made by packet forwarding in different service flows.
2.3.10.1 Transmitting and receiving utilization Ratio of the IP Interface Board
Definition: This indicator indicates whether the equivalent PPS capacity of forwarding packets on the IP interface board is restricted.
Formula:
GIPI transmitting utilization rate =
(C901850060 * 4294967296 + C901850059)/Gr/(420 * 1000)
GIPI receiving utilization rate =
(C901850009 * 4294967296 + C901850008)/Gr/(420 * 1000)
Comprehensive transmitting and receiving utilization rate of the GIPI4 =
( + 1* )/ Gr/(1080 * 1000)
Table 2-45 Counters Related to the Transmitting and receiving Utilization Rate of IP Interface Board
C901850060 send packets high 32bits
C901850059 send packets low 32bits
C901850009 receive packets high 32bits
C901850008 receive packets low 32bits
Note:
2. The interface board may be the GIPI or the GIPI4. Because the capacities of these two boards are different, they need to be distinguished.
Table 2-46 Maximum PPS Capacity of the GIPI and the GIPI4
Board Type Maximum PPS Remarks

Capacity
MaxPPS_GIPI 420K This indicator indicates the
maximum PPS capacity in one
direction, that is, data in the TX
direction or the RX direction.
In the processing structure of the
GIPI board, data streams in the TX
direction and the RX direction are
handled by different media-plane
micro-engines (RISC CPU), so the
forwarding capacities in these two
directions are independent of each
other. They do not affect each
other, but are both restrained by
MaxPPS_GIPI_UNI.
MaxeqPPS_GIPI4 1080K The equivalent PPS indicator
reflects the absolute capacity of the
board. In case of both one-way
forwarding and two-way forwarding,
the upper limit for the total number
of packets that can be normally
received and sent on the external
GE port per second (number of
received packets _+ number of
sent packets) is MaxeqPPS_GIPI4.
3. The one-way PPS capacity of the board (MaxPPS_GIPI_UNI) indicates the capacity after the maximum signaling traffic and non-service traffic such as OMCB
and PTP have been reserved.
Table 2-47 Monitoring Thresholds for the Transmitting and Receiving Utilization Rate of IP Interface Board

GIPI transmitting utilization 70% 80%
rate
GIPI receiving utilization rate 70% 80%
Comprehensive GIPI4 70% 80%
transmitting and receiving
utilization rate
2.4 ZXUR 9000 GSM Resources

The ZXUR 9000 GSM is a multimode base station controller from ZTE, which is in charge of system access control, security mode control, mobility management,
wireless resource management and control functions.
Similar to the ZXG10 iBSC, interface capacity and board load indicators of the ZXUR 9000 GSM are also defined through counters, so that users can determine the
yellow pre-alarm threshold (low threshold) and red pre-alarm threshold (high threshold).
In addition, the extreme point is defined for the situation when the peak-hour load indicator exceeds the monitoring threshold for three days in one week. When the
load in the existing network exceeds the yellow pre-alarm threshold, consider optimization measures such as load balancing, load reduction or expansion. When the
load in the existing network exceeds the red pre-alarm threshold, handle it immediately to ensure that the system load is kept under the yellow pre-alarm threshold.
Table 2-48 describes detailed monitoring indicators.
Table 2-48 ZXUR 9000 GSM Running Load Indicators

Type Indicator Name Definition Pre- Pre-
alarm alarm
Abis link Abis Link Resource Utilization Rate 80% 90%
C901040002/Number of Abis timeslots
resource (TDM E1 Abis)
Abis uplink bandwidth utilization rate 80% 90%
C370020009
(IP Abis-FE)
Abis downlink bandwidth utilization 80% 90%
C370020008
rate (IP Abis-FE)
(C380250002*8/1000/Gr)/C380250005 80% 90%
Abis uplink bandwidth utilization rate
(IP Abis-IPOE) Gr: Measurement period, Unit:
seconds.
(C380250004*8/1000/Gr)/C380250005 80% 90%
Abis downlink bandwidth utilization
rate (IP Abis-IPOE) Gr: Measurement period, Unit:
seconds.
Gb- (C901460005 * 8/1000/Gr)/(Number of 80% 90%
Interface timeslots in BRCH links on the Gb
link Gb-interface uplink utilization rate interface* 64)
resource (E1)
seconds.
(C901460004 * 8/1000/Gr)/(Number of 80% 90%
timeslots in BRCH links on the Gb
Gb-interface downlink utilization rate interface* 64)
(E1)
seconds.
(8* )/ (Gr*1000000000)/ min 60% 80%
network (Gbps),Maximum throughput
of the board)
Gb-interface transmitting bandwidth
Maximum throughput of the board:
EGPB: 3; EXGB1a: 15; EXGB1b: 3;
EGPB2c: 3; EGPB2a: 6
seconds.
(8* )/ (Gr*1000000000)/ min 60% 80%
of the board)
Gb-interface receiving bandwidth
seconds.
A-Interface A-interface trunk utilization rate 80% 90%
C901380019/C901380001
trunk (E1/STM-1)
resource (8* )/ (Gr*1000000000)/ min 60% 80%
of the board)
A-interface transmitting bandwidth
seconds.
(8* )/ (Gr*1000000000)/ min 60% 80%
of the board)
A-interface receiving bandwidth
seconds.
Ater-interface trunk utilization rate (C901600005/2 + 80% 90%
(E1) C901600004)/C901600003
No.7 Utilization rate of No.7 signaling links 20% 40%
C380120019/10000
signaling on the uplink
link Utilization rate of No.7 signaling links 20% 40%
resource C380120020/10000
on the downlink

Type Indicator Name Definition Pre- Pre-
alarm alarm
The load Average CPU load of control plan C380360004 60% 80%
of control
plan on
CRP
board
BSC 1 10
Number of times that paging traffic
paging C902110002
exceeds the threshold
capacity
Utilization Utilization rate of slave timeslots for 80% 90%
(C902470002/C902470003)/1792
rate of PS services
Slave Occupancy of Slave timeslots for CS 70% 75%
resources (C902470030*7)/5376
services
on the
CRP Average load of Slave C902470041 70% 80%
board
Interface (1.36* +1* )/Gr/(1000*1000) 70% 80%
board EGPB board utilization rate Gr: Measurement period, Unit:
resource seconds.
( + )/(Gr*1000)/ Maximum throughput 70% 80%
of the board
EXGB1a\EXGB1b\EGPB2c\EGPB2a
EXGB1a: 2500; EXGB1b: 2500;
board utilization rate
EGPB2c: 1000; EGPB2a: 2500
seconds.
(8* )/(Gr*1000000)/Maximum 70% 80%
throughput of the board
Occupancy of the transmission
bandwidth on
EDTI: 55; EDTI2a: 55; ESDTI: 440;
EDTI/EDTI2a/ESDTI/ESDTI2a board
ESDTI2a: 880
(Abis interface)
seconds.
(8* )/(Gr*1000000)/Maximum 70% 80%
Occupancy of the receiving
bandwidth on
ESDTI2a: 880
(Abis interface)
seconds.
(8* )/(Gr*1000000)/Maximum 70% 80%
Occupancy of the transmission
bandwidth on
ESDTI2a: 500
(Gb interface)
seconds.
(8* )/(Gr*1000000)/Maximum 70% 80%
Occupancy of the receiving
bandwidth on
ESDTI2a: 500
(Gb interface)
seconds.
/Gr/(Maximum throughput of the 70% 80%
board*1000)
PPS utilization rate of the Maximum throughput of the board:
ESDTI/ESDTI2a board ESDTI: 1100; ESDTI2a: 1600
seconds.
The Abis interface is an interface between the BSC and the BTS. According to different access modes, it is divided into three types: TDM E1 Abis, IP Abis-FE, and IP
Abis-IPOE. Abis link resource monitoring results indicate whether transmission resources under these three access modes are sufficient. This section describes these
indicators in detail.
2.4.1.1 Abis Link Resource Utilization Rate (TDM E1 Abis)
Definition: When the TDM E1 Abis interface is used, this indicator indicates the occupancy of transmission time slot resources on the Abis interface.
Formula:
Abis link resource utilization rate (TDM E1 Abis) = C901040002/Number of Abis time slots
Table 2-49 Counters Related to the Abis Link Resource Utilization Rate (TDM E1 Abis)
C901040002 Number of used Abis TS
Note:
1. Number of used Abis TS is taken from the Abis timeslot pool configured on each site.
2. The C901040002 counter is counted by cell. After the counter values of all cells are added up, the total value may exceed the configured total number of time
slots.
Table 2-50 Monitoring Thresholds for the Abis Link Resource Utilization Rate (TDM E1 Abis)

Abis link resource utilization 80% 90%
rate (TDM E1 Abis)
2.4.1.2 Abis Uplink/Downlink Bandwidth Utilization Rate (IP Abis-FE)
Definition: When the IP Abis interface in FE mode is used, this indicator indicates the occupancy of bandwidth on the Abis interface.
Formula:
Abis uplink bandwidth utilization rate (IP Abis-FE): C370020009
Abis downlink bandwidth utilization rate (IP Abis-FE): C370020008
Table 2-51 Counters Related to the Abis Uplink/Downlink Bandwidth Utilization Rate (IP Abis-FE)
C370020009 Radio of Send Bandwidth
C370020008 Radio of Receive Bandwidth
Note: none.
Table 2-52 Monitoring Thresholds for the Abis Uplink/Downlink Bandwidth Utilization Rate (IP Abis-FE)

Abis uplink bandwidth 80% 90%
2.4.1.3 Abis Uplink/Downlink Bandwidth Utilization Rate (IP Abis-IPOE)
Definition: When the IP Abis interface in IPOE mode is used, this indicator indicates the occupancy of bandwidth on the Abis interface.
Formula:
Abis uplink bandwidth utilization rate (IP Abis-IPOE) = (C380250002 * 8/1000/Gr)/ C380250005
Abis downlink bandwidth utilization rate (IP Abis-IPOE) = (C380250004 * 8/1000/Gr)/ C380250005
Table 2-53 Counters Related to the Abis Uplink/Downlink Bandwidth Utilization Rate (IP Abis-IPOE)
Number of Received Bytes. That is, number of bytes sent by the
C380250002 SDR on the uplink PPP channel (byte).
Number of Transmitted Bytes. That is, number of bytes received by
C380250004 the SDR on the downlink PPP channel (byte).
C380250005 PPP band width(bps)
Note:
1. The above counters are counted for each PPP link.
Table 2-54 Monitoring Thresholds for the Abis Uplink/Downlink Bandwidth Utilization Rate (IP Abis-IPOE)

Abis uplink bandwidth utilization 80% 90%
rate (IP Abis-IPOE)
utilization rate (IP Abis-IPOE)
The Gb interface is an interface between the BSC and the SGSN. According to different access modes, it is divided into two types: E1 and IP. Gb-interface link
resource monitoring results indicate whether transmission resources under these two access modes are sufficient. This section describes these indicators in detail.
2.4.2.1 Gb-Interface Uplink/Downlink Utilization Rate (E1)
Definition: When the Gb interface in FR mode is used, this indicator indicates the occupancy of links on the Gb interface.
Formula:
Gb-interface uplink utilization rate (E1) = (C901460005 * 8/1000/Gr)/(Number of time slots in BRCH links on the Gb interface * 64)
Gb-interface downlink utilization rate (E1) = (C901460004 * 8/1000/Gr)/(Number of time slots in BRCH links on the Gb interface * 64)
Table 2-55 Counters Related to the Gb-Interface Uplink/Downlink Link Utilization Rate (E1)
C901460005 Number of bytes sent on FR link (Byte)
C901460004 Number of bytes received on FR link (Byte)
Note:
1. The number of timeslots in BRCH links on the Gb interface is acquired from the configuration.
Table 2-56 Monitoring Thresholds for the Gb-Interface Uplink/Downlink Link Utilization Rate (E1)

Gb-interface uplink utilization 80% 90%
rate (E1)
utilization rate (E1)
2.4.2.2 Gb-Interface Uplink/Downlink Bandwidth Utilization Rate (IP)
Definition: This indicator indicates the occupancy of bandwidth on the uplink and downlink of the IPGb interface.
Formula:
IPGb uplink (transmitting) bandwidth utilization rate =
(8* )/(Gr * 1000000000)/ min(Bandwidth allocated by the bearer network (Gbps),Maximum throughput of the board)
IPGb downlink (receiving) bandwidth utilization rate =
Table 2-57 Counters Related to the Gb-Interface Uplink/Downlink Bandwidth Utilization Rate (IP)
C380260003 Number of bytes sent (high 4 bytes)
C380260004 Number of bytes sent (low 4 bytes)
C380260001 Number of bytes received (high 4 bytes)
C380260002 Number of bytes received (low 4 bytes)
Note:
3. When the IPGb interface is used, the interface board can be EGPBEXGB1aEXGB1bEGPB2c or EGPB2a. Their maximum bandwidth processing
capacities are described as follows:
Table 2-58 Maximum Bandwidth Capacity
Board Type Number of Remarks

external port
MaxOuter_EGPB 3 Gbps 4 One way throughput (TX or RX)
of the external GE port
MaxOuter_EXGB1a 15Gbps 2 One way throughput (TX or RX)
of the external XGE port
MaxOuter_EXGB1b 3Gbps 2 One way throughput (TX or RX)
MaxOuter_EGPB2c 3Gbps 4 One way throughput (TX or RX)
MaxOuter_EGPB2a 6Gbps 8 One way throughput (TX or RX)
4. The physical bandwidth of the Gb-interface is allocated by the data bearer network, so it is acquired the data bearer network. If the physical bandwidth allocated
by the bearer network is greater than the maximum capacity of the board, the maximum capacity MaxOuter is taken.
6. The vaule n was according to the number of external port used on the board.
Table 2-59 Monitoring Thresholds for the Gb-Interface Uplink/Downlink Bandwidth Utilization Rate (IP)

The A-interface is an interface between the BSC and the MSC. According to different access modes, it is divided into two types: E1 and IP. A-interface link resource
monitoring results indicate whether transmission resources under these two access modes are sufficient. This section describes these indicators in detail.
2.4.3.1 A-Interface Trunk Utilization Rate (E1/STM-1)
Definition: When the A interface in TDM mode is used, this indicator indicates the occupancy of trunk circuits on the A interface.
Formula:
A-interface trunk utilization rate (E1/STM-1): C901380019/C901380001
Table 2-60 Counters Related to the A-Interface Trunk Utilization Rate (E1/STM-1)
C901380019 Mean number of busy trunk circuits
C901380001 Mean number of available trunk circuits
Note: none.
Table 2-61 Monitoring Thresholds for the A-Interface Trunk Utilization Rate (E1/STM-1)
C901380019 Average number of busy trunk circuits on the A interface
C901380001 Average number of available trunk circuits
2.4.3.2 A-Interface Uplink/Downlink Bandwidth Utilization Rate (IP)
Definition: When the A-interface in IP mode is used, this indicator indicates the occupancy of transmission bandwidth on the A-interface.
Formula:
IPA uplink (transmitting) bandwidth utilization rate =
IPA downlink (receiving) bandwidth utilization rate =
Table 2-62 Counters Related to the A-Interface Uplink/Downlink Bandwidth Utilization Rate (IP)
C380260003 Number of bytes sent (high 4 bytes)
C380260004 Number of bytes sent (low 4 bytes)
C380260001 Number of bytes received (high 4 bytes)
C380260002 Number of bytes received (low 4 bytes)
Note:
3. When the IPGb interface is used, the interface board can be EGPBEXGB1aEXGB1bEGPB2c or EGPB2a. Their maximum bandwidth processing
capacities are described as follows:
Table 2-63 Maximum Bandwidth Capacity

external port
MaxOuter_EGPB 3 Gbps 4 One way throughput (TX or RX)
MaxOuter_EXGB1a 15Gbps 2 One way throughput (TX or RX)
of the external XGE port
MaxOuter_EXGB1b 3Gbps 2 One way throughput (TX or RX)
MaxOuter_EGPB2c 3Gbps 4 One way throughput (TX or RX)
MaxOuter_EGPB2a 6Gbps 8 One way throughput (TX or RX)
4. The physical bandwidth of the A-interface is allocated by the data bearer network, so it is acquired from the data bearer network. If the physical bandwidth
allocated by the bearer network is greater than the maximum capacity of the board, the maximum capacity MaxOuter is taken.
Table 2-64 Monitoring Thresholds for the A-Interface Uplink/Downlink Bandwidth Utilization Rate (IP)

2.4.3.3 Ater-Interface Trunk Utilization Rate
Definition: When the Ater-interface (with external TC) is used, this indicator indicates the occupancy of trunk circuits on the Ater interface.
Formula:
Ater-interface trunk utilization rate = (C901600005/2 + C901600004)/C901600003
Table 2-65 Counters Related to the Ater-Interface Trunk Utilization Rate
C901600003 Average number of available 16K relay circuits of Ater interface
Note:
8K relay circuits are used in the HR service, while 16 relay circuits are used in FR circuits. Two 8K relay circuits are multiplexed in one 16K sub-time slot.
Table 2-66 Monitoring Thresholds for the Ater-Interface Trunk Utilization Rate

Ater-interface trunk 80% 90%
utilization rate
Under E1 transmission mode, the No.7 signaling link is used to exchange control-plane messages between the BSC and the MSC (or the iTC). Its bandwidth can be
configured as 64 K or 2 M. This section describes the utilization rate indicator in detail.
2.4.4.1 No.7 Signaling Link Uplink/Downlink Utilization Rate
Definition: This indicator indicates the load of No.7 signaling links.
Formula:
No.7 signaling link uplink utilization rate = C380120019/10000
No.7 signaling link downlink utilization rate = C380120020/10000
Table 2-67 Counters Related to the No.7 Signaling Link Uplink/Downlink Utilization Rate
Ten thousand multiple bandwidth occupancy rate on outgoing
Ten thousand multiple bandwidth occupancy rate on incoming
Note:
At most 16 No.7 signaling links can be configured for one single adjacent office.
Table 2-68 Monitoring Thresholds for the No.7 Signaling Link Uplink/Downlink Utilization Rate

signaling links on the uplink
signaling links on the
downlink
2.4.5 The load of control plan on CRP board
The control plan CPU on CRP board (such as CMP module before) is in charge of call control for wireless services in the PS or CS domain, protocol processing on
BSSAP, BSSGP, and SCTP sub-layers, and management of distributed resources in the system itself. The CPU load of CRP board is the key indicator measuring the
board processing capacity.
2.4.5.1 Average CPU load of control plan
Definition: This indicator indicates the CPU load of the CRP board on the BSC.
Formula:
Average CPU load of control plan: C380360004
Table 2-69 Counters Related to Average CPU load of control plan
C380360004 Mean ratio of the CPU usage
Note:
CPU load of the ZXUR 9000 GSM is counted for board. These statistics include the total CPU load of all modules under this CRP board. During the monitoring
process, it is better to centralize primary modules on one board, so that you only need to monitor the load of the primary CRP board.
Table 2-70 Monitoring Thresholds for Average CPU load of control plan

Average CPU load of control 60% 80%
plan
The planned BSC paging capacity is affected by the paging capacity of the air interface and the load of the CMP module. If the paging traffic in one location area is too
high, some paging messages may not be sent in time on the BTS side due to insufficient CCCH channel resources. In addition, if the paging traffic on the CRP board
is too high, its load will increase. Under scenarios with high service traffic and high load, the paging needs to be controlled. It is recommended that the incoming
paging traffic in one location area does not exceed 250000 per hour. The paging capacity should better be configured for each module and each location area. The
following indicator is monitored for the BSC paging capacity.
2.4.6.1 Number of Times that Paging Traffic Exceeds the Threshold
Definition: This indicator indicates whether the paging traffic on the BSC has exceeded the threshold.
Formula:
Number of times that paging traffic exceeds the threshold: C902110002
Table 2-71 Counters Related to the Number of Times that Paging Traffic Exceeds the Threshold
C902110002 Times of pagings larger than the low threshold
Note:
1. Paging messages are sent to each CMP module, so traffic control measurement is made by CMP. There are two thresholds for paging traffic control: number of
paging messages processed by the system per second, and maximum number of paging messages that can be processed by the system per second, which are
set to 300/s and 400/s respectively by default.
2. When the first traffic control threshold is reached, the system starts to discard PS paging messages. When the second traffic control threshold is reached, the
system discards both PS and CS paging messages. In addition, the system also counts the number of paging messages discarded beyond the threshold and the
maximum number of paging messages discarded per second, so that onsite engineers can monitor the situation when the paging traffic is extremely high
transiently.
Table 2-72 Monitoring Thresholds for the Number of Times that Paging Traffic Exceeds the Threshold

Number of times that paging 1 10
traffic exceeds the threshold
2.4.7 Utilization rate of Slave resources on the CRP board
Each slave unit on CRP board is configured to handle CS service and PS service both. The load of CS services is shared by every slave, and the load of PS services
is shared by balanced cells configured on every slave automatically.
2.4.7.1 Utilization rate of Slave resources on the CRP board
Definition: This indicator indicates the usage of slave resources on the CRP board.
Four indicators are monitored, as follows:
Utilization rate of slave timeslots for PS services = (C902470002/C902470003)/1792
Occupancy of slave timeslots for CS services: (C902470030*7)/5376
Average load of Slave: C902470041
Table 2-73 Counters Related to Utilization rate of Slave resources
C902470002 Amount of used DSP TS
C902470003 Number of regular scanning and sampling
C902470041 Mean vaule of DSP usage
C902470030 Number of active voice channel
Note:
1 The above counters are counted by slave unit
2 The maximum PS slots on every slave is 1792
3 5376 is a maximum point value when CS is occupied on the slave, and 7 is a ratio between this point value and active voice channel
Table 2-74 Monitoring Thresholds for Utilization rate of Slave resources
Yellow Pre-
Indicator Red Pre-alarm
alarm
Utilization rate of slave timeslots for 80% 90%
PS services
Occupancy of slave timeslots for 70% 75%
CS services
Average load of Slave 70% 80%
2.4.8 Interface Board Resource
On the ZXUR 9000 GSM, you need to pay attention to the packet processing capacity of interface boards under IP mode and IPOE mode. Board types include: EGPE,
EXGB1a, EXGB1b, EGPB2c, EGPB2a, EDTI, EDTI2a, ESDTI and ESDTI2a. The EGPB, EXGB1a, EXGB1b, EGPB2c, EGPB2a boards provide Ethernet-based IP
access, the EDTI, EDTI2a boards provide E1-based IP access, and the ESDTI, ESDTI2a boards provide CSTM-1 interface-based IP access. Compared with the
EGPB, EXGB1a, EXGB1b, EGPB2c, EGPB2a boards, the EDTI, EDTI2a, ESDTI, ESDTI2a boards need to perform HDLC or PPP/ML/MC-PPP protocol processing
upon TDM data before recovering IP data packets. The utilization rate indicator is monitored for the following boards.
2.4.8.1 EGPB Board Utilization Rate
Definition: This indicator indicates whether the equivalent PPS capacity of forwarding packets on the EGPB board is restricted.
Formula:
EGPB board utilization rate =
(1.36* +1* )/Gr/(1000*1000)
Table 2-75 Counters Related to the EGPB Board Utilization Rate
C380450009 Number of received packets (high 32 bit)
C380450010 Number of received packets (low 32 bit)
C380450011 Number of sent packets (high 32 bit)
C380450012 Number of sent packets (low 32 bit)
Note:
2. The maximum capacity of the EGPB board is described as follows:
Table 2-76 Maximum PPS Capacity of the EGPB Board

Capacity
MaxeqPPS_EGPB 1000 K The equivalent PPS equally
reflects the contribution to the
media core CPU made by packet
forwarding in different service
flows. The equivalent PPS weight
of one service packet in the
inbound NE direction is 1.36, and
the equivalent PPS weight of one
service packet in the outbound NE
direction is 1. That is, the
overhead of the EGPB processing
one packet in the receiving
direction is equal to the overhead
of the EGPB processing 1.36
packets in the sending direction.
The equivalent PPS indicator

reflects the absolute capacity of the
board. In case of both one-way
forwarding and two-way
forwarding, the upper limit for the
total number of packets that can be
normally received and sent on the
external GE port per second
(number of received packets _+
number of sent packets) is
MaxeqPPS_EGPB.
3. The EGPB board has four external GE ports, so the number of packets forwarded on the four ports is added up to get the number of forwarded packets on the
board level.
Table 2-77 Monitoring Thresholds for the EGPB Board Utilization Rate

EGPB board utilization rate 70% 80%
2.4.8.2 EXGB1a\EXGB1b\EGPB2c\EGPB2a board utilization rate
Definition: This indicator indicates whether the equivalent PPS capacity of forwarding packets on the EXGB1a\EXGB1b\EGPB2c\EGPB2a board is restricted.
Formula:
EXGB1a\EXGB1b\EGPB2c\EGPB2a board utilization rate =
( + )/ (Gr*1000)/ Maximum throughput of the board
Table 2-78 Counters Related to EXGB1a\EXGB1b\EGPB2c\EGPB2a Board Utilization Rate
C380460001 Total Received IPv4 Packet Count
C380460004 Total Transmitted IPv4 Packet Count
C380460007 Total Received IPv6 Packet Count
C380460010 Total Transmitted IPv6 Packet Count
C380450012 Number of sent packets (low 32 bit)
Note:
3. The maximum capacity of the EXGB1a\EXGB1b\EGPB2c\EGPB2a board is described as follows:
Table 2-79 Maximum PPS Capacity of the EXGB1a\EXGB1b\EGPB2c\EGPB2a Board

external port
MaxeqPPS_EXGB1a 2500K 2 The equivalent PPS
indicator reflects the
absolute capacity of the
board. In case of both one-
way forwarding and two-way
forwarding, the upper limit
for the total number of
packets that can be normally
received and sent on the
external GE port per second
(number of received packets

external port
_+ number of sent packets)
is MaxeqPPS_ EXGB1a.
MaxeqPPS_EXGB1b 2500K 2 Same as above
MaxeqPPS_EGPB2c 1000K 4 Same as above
MaxeqPPS_EGPB2a 2500K 8 Same as above
Table 2-80 Monitoring Thresholds for the EXGB1a\EXGB1b\EGPB2c\EGPB2a Board Utilization Rate

EXGB1a\EXGB1b\EGPB2c\EGPB2a 70% 80%
board utilization rate
2.4.8.3 Utilization Rate of the Transmitting and Receiving Bandwidth of EDTI/EDTI2a/ESDTI/ESDTI2a Boards
Definition: This indicator indicates whether the transmitting and receiving bandwidth of EDTI/EDTI2a/ESDTI/ESDTI2a boards is restricted.
Formula:
Occupancy of the transmitting bandwidth on EDTI/EDTI2a/ESDTI/ESDTI2a boards (Abis interface) = (8* )/(Gr*1000000)/ Maximum throughput of the board
Occupancy of the receiving bandwidth on EDTI/EDTI2a/ESDTI/ESDTI2a boards (Abis interface) = (8* )/(Gr*1000000) /Maximum throughput of the board
Occupancy of the transmitting bandwidth on EDTI/EDTI2a/ESDTI/ESDTI2a boards (Gb interface) =(8* )/(Gr*1000000) /Maximum throughput of the board
Occupancy of the receiving bandwidth on EDTI/EDTI2a/ESDTI/ESDTI2a boards (Gb interface) =(8* )/(Gr*1000000) /Maximum throughput of the board
Table 2-81 Counters Related to the Transceiving Bandwidth Utilization Rate of EDTI/ESDTI Board
C380250002 Number of Received Bytes
C380250004 Number of Transmitted Bytes
C901460004 Number of bytes received on FR link
C901460005 Number of bytes sent on FR link
Note:
2. The maximum bandwidth processing capacities of EDTI/EDTI2a/ESDTI/ESDTI2a boards are different, and the ESDTI/ESDTI2a board is also configured
differently on the Abis interface and the Gb interface. The processing capacities of EDTI/EDTI2a/ESDTI/ESDTI2a boards are described as follows:
Table 2-82 Maximum Bandwidth Capacity of EDTI/EDTI2a/ESDTI/ESDTI2a Board
Board Type Bandwidth Remarks

Processing
Capacity
MaxOuter_EDTI 55Mbps One-way outbound throughput
MaxOuter_EDTI2a 55Mbps One-way outbound throughput
MaxOuter_ESDTI 440Mbps One-way outbound throughput
MaxFR_ESDTI 256Mbps Maximum one-way throughput on
the Gb interface
MaxOuter_ESDTI2a 880Mbps One-way outbound throughput
MaxFR_ESDTI2a 500Mbps Maximum one-way throughput on
the Gb interface
3. The PPS capacity of the EDTI/EDTI2a board is far higher than its bandwidth, so you only need to monitor the bandwidth of the EDTI/EDTI2a board. But for the
ESDTI/ESDTI2a, you need to consider both its PPS capacity and its traffic.
4. The bandwidth capacity (MaxOuter_EDTI/MaxOuter_ESDTI) of a board indicates the capacity after OMCB channel processing and PTP traffic are excluded.
5. The vaule n was according to the number of PPP or FR link used on the board.
Table 2-83 Monitoring Thresholds for the Transmitting and Receiving Bandwidth Utilization Rate of EDTI/EDTI2a/ESDTI/ESDTI2a Board
Yellow Pre-
Indicator Red Pre-alarm
alarm
Occupancy of the transmitting 70% 80%
bandwidth on
EDTI/EDTI2a/ESDTI/ESDTI2a
board (Abis interface)
Occupancy of the receiving 70% 80%
bandwidth on
board (Abis interface)
Occupancy of the transmitting 70% 80%
bandwidth on
board (Gb interface)
Occupancy of the receiving 70% 80%
bandwidth on
board (Gb interface)
2.4.8.4 PPS Utilization Rate of the ESDTI/ESDTI2a
Definition: This indicator indicates whether the equivalent PPS capacity of forwarding packets on the ESDTI/ESDTI2a board is restricted.
Formula:
PPS utilization rate of the ESDTI/ESDTI2a =
/Gr/(Maximum throughput of the board*1000)
Table 2-84 Counters Related to the PPS Utilization Rate of the ESDTI/ESDTI2a
C380250001 Number of Received Frames
C380250003 Number of Transmitted Frames
Note:
2. The maximum PPS capacity of the ESDTI/ESDTI2a board is described as follows:
Table 2-85 Maximum PPS Capacity of the ESDTI/ESDTI2a Board

Capacity
MaxPPS_ESDTI 1100 K Equivalent PPS
MaxPPS_ESDTI2a 1600K Equivalent PPS
3. For ESDTI/ESDTI2a board, you need to consider both its PPS capacity and its traffic.
4. The PPS capacity of the board indicates the capacity after OMCB channel processing and PTP traffic are excluded. In addition, only the Abis interface needs to
be monitored for the ESDTI/ESDTI2a board.
5. The vaule n was according to the number of PPP used on the board.
Table 2-86 Monitoring Thresholds for the PPS Utilization Rate of the ESDTI/ESDTI2a

PPS utilization rate of the 70% 80%
ESDTI/ESDTI2a
3 Analysis and Processing of GSM Wireless Network Resource Utilization Rates

This chapter describes the analysis and processing procedure after the utilization rate of a wireless network resource reaches the threshold. Two-level monitoring is
used for GSM wireless network resources: When the utilization rate of a wireless network resource reaches the yellow pre-alarm threshold, it indicates that a risk has
already occurred in this resource and you should handle it according to the corresponding procedure. When the utilization rate of a wireless network resource reaches
the red pre-alarm threshold, it indicates that a serious risk has already occurred in this resource. Services may be affected due to insufficiency of this resource. You
must handle the problem immediately and expand related resources.
3.1 Impacts of Wireless Network Resources Upon Basic Service Flows

When wireless network resources become insufficient, they impose impacts upon basic service flows. This is called an abnormal situation. The following used a called
flow as an example to describe impacts upon basic services due to insufficient resources.
The basic called flow is as follows:
1. The MSC sends a paging message to the BSC. For the abnormal situation, see point #1.
2. The BSC sends the paging message to the MS. The MS returns a paging response that contains the connection request. For the abnormal situation, see point #2.
3. The BTS assigns a signaling channel. The MS establishes the connection with the BTS, and sends the paging response to the MSC. For abnormal situations, see
points #3, #4, and #5.
4. The MSC carries out the DTAP (authentication/encryption) procedure. For abnormal situations, see points #6 and #7.
5. The MSC initiates the channel assignment flow and assigns a channel. For abnormal situations, see points #8, #9, #10, #11, and #12.
6. The MSC carries out the call setup procedure. The call is set up successfully.
7. When the call is finished, it is released normally.
Figure 3-1 Impacts of Wireless Network Resources upon the Basic Called Flow
3.2 Analysis and Processing for Load of Wireless Resources
3.2.1 Analysis and Processing of the SDCCH Utilization Rate
When the MS initiates a channel request to the network side, the BSS needs to allocate a SDCCH channel to the MS. As the number of connected users increases,
SDCCH channels may be congested. In this case, other users cannot be connected.
Figure 3-2 shows the analysis and processing flow for the SDCCH utilization rate.
Figure 3-2 Analysis and Processing Flow for the SDCCH Utilization Rate
3.2.2 Analysis and Processing of the CCCH Utilization Rate
Based on on-site experience, the paging congestion ratio starts to increase when the CCCH load reaches 55%, and it increases dramatically when the CCCH load
reaches 70%. Congestion of AGCH channels and PCH channels is not only related to the channel occupation times, but also related to the concurrency degree. The
cell concurrency degree under different traffic models is different.
Figure 3-3 shows the analysis and processing flow for the CCCH utilization rate.
Figure 3-3 Analysis and Processing Flow for the CCCH Utilization Rate
As paging messages increase, the PCH channel utilization rate also increases. If the PCH channel utilization rate is too high or paging messages are congested, the
transmission of paging messages will be affected and therefore the called user cannot be paged.
Figure 3-4 shows the analysis and processing flow for the PCH utilization rate.
Figure 3-4 Analysis and Processing Flow for the PCH Utilization Rate
3.2.3 Analysis and Processing of the TCH Utilization Rate
When the Erl per TCH channel and the TCH congestion ratio increase, users may not be allocated with TCH channels.
Figure 3-5 shows the analysis and processing flow for the TCH utilization rate.
Figure 3-5 Analysis and Processing Flow for the TCH Utilization Rate
3.2.4 Analysis and Processing of the PDCH Utilization Rate
When the PDCH utilization rate and the uplink/downlink congestion ratio increase, users may not be allocated with PDCH channels.
Figure 3-6 shows the analysis and processing flow for the PDCH utilization rate.
Figure 3-6 Analysis and Processing Flow for the PDCH Utilization Rate
3.3 Analysis and Processing for Load of Base Station Resources
3.3.1 Analysis and Processing for CC Board Load
The following functions occupy CPU load: operation and maintenance management, network interface function and signaling processing. Usually operation and
maintenance functions occasionally occupy CPU load, and do not occupy CPU load on a long term. Thus, during network monitoring, you need consider both the
average CPU usage and the maximum CPU usage.
Refer to the descriptions below:
1. The average CPU usage and the maximum CPU usage are counted with the granularity of an hour, so there are 7*24=168 sampling points in one week. The
indicators are monitored for one week continuously.
2. When the situation that the average CPU usage (%) >=75% and the maximum CPU usage (%) >=85% occurs twice or more in one week, this site will be listed as
a key site for monitoring.
3. When the situation that the average CPU usage (%) >=80% and the maximum CPU usage (%) >=90% occurs twice or more in one week, you need to consider
site splitting or expansion.
4. For functions that are less used, such as version downloading, if CPU load is too high during busy hours, it is suggested to carry out these operations during idle
hours in the midnight.
5. The monitoring thresholds can be adjusted according to the onsite situation.
Figure 3-7 shows the analysis and processing flow for the CC board load.
Figure 3-7 Analysis and Processing Flow for CC Board Load
3.4 Analysis and Processing for Load of ZXG10 iBSC Resources
When the TDM Abis-interface link utilization rate exceeds the threshold, first verify that no fault exists with any E1 link, and then expand Abis links. For IPOE IP Abis
links, first verify that no fault exists with any E1 link, and then enable the IP head compression and DTX function to save bandwidth on Abis-interface links. If the Abis
link utilization rate still exceeds the threshold after the IP head compression and DTX function has been enabled, expand E1 links. For IP Abis links on the FE
interface, usually no bandwidth bottleneck exists. However, if bandwidth restriction is configured on the bearer network, the bearer network side needs to allocate
greater bandwidth.
Figure 3-8 Analysis and Processing Flow for the Abis-Interface Link Utilization Rate
For the FR GB (E1) interface, if the Gb-interface link utilization rate exceeds the threshold, first verify that no link fault exists. Otherwise, handle the link fault first. If
multiple BRCH channels are configured, verify that the load on each BRCH is balanced. In case of load unbalance between BRCH channels, adjust the number of
timeslots to be the same for all BRCH channels.
For the IPGB interface, if the Gb-interface link utilization rate exceeds the threshold, verify that the link load between transmission paths is balanced. In case of link
load unbalance, make analysis upon the uplink and the downlink respectively. Check networking schemes of the iBSC, the data bearer network, and the SGSN, and
check the routing policy on each node, to identify the cause for link load unbalance. Adjust link load accordingly. When necessary, the bearer network needs to
increase the bandwidth allocated to the Gb interface.
Figure 3-9 Analysis and Processing Flow for the Gb-Interface Link Utilization Rate
For the TDM A interface, when the circuit trunk usage exceeds the threshold, first verify that no fault exists with circuits. If the usage still exceeds the threshold after
circuit faults are eliminated, expand A-interface trunk circuits.
For the IP A interface, if the bandwidth usage exceeds the threshold, verify that the link load between several transmission paths is balanced. In case of link load
unbalance, make analysis upon the uplink and the downlink respectively. Check networking schemes of the iBSC, the data bearer network, and the CN, and check the
routing policy on each node, to identify the cause for link load unbalance. Adjust link load accordingly.
The Ater interface only exists in TDM mode. When its circuit trunk usage exceeds the threshold, expand trunk circuits on the Ater interface.
Figure 3-10 Analysis and Processing Flow for the A/Ater-Interface Link Utilization Rate
When the No.7 signaling link load exceeds the threshold, first verify that the load between signaling links is balanced. In case of any link load unbalance, verify that no
signaling link is out of service and the number of signaling links is n power of 2 (2, 4, 8, 16). Under this situation, the load between signaling links can be basically
balanced. If signaling link load is already balanced, you can make expansion by increasing the number of signaling links or transforming 64K signaling links into 2M
signaling links.
Figure 3-11 Analysis and Processing Flow for the No.7 Signaling Link Uplink/Downlink Utilization Rate
3.4.5 Analysis and Processing of the SCTP Traffic Indicator
On the ZXG10 iBSC, the buffer size of SCTP links is fixed in the version, and the bandwidth is mainly restricted by the size of receiving buffer. In case of bandwidth
restriction, make expansion by increasing two SCTP links each time. In this case, the SCTP links should be balanced on CMP boards.
Figure 3-12 Analysis and Processing Flow for the SCTP Traffic Indicator
The CMP board is in charge of service call control management in PS/CS domains and management of resources on BSSAP and BSSGP layers and in the system
itself. It handles a large number of control-plane messages. If the CMP load is high, it is usually directly related to the high service traffic of this module, or it may be
caused by unreasonable configurations. You can make analysis according to the following procedure:
Figure 3-13 Analysis and Processing Flow for the CMP Load
In LAIs with extremely high paging traffic, you can split LAIs to reduce paging traffic on the A interface. Under the normal situation that the BSC system is attacked by
transient outburst paging traffic (for example, group sending of short messages), the CMP load will be increased transiently and normal service access will be affected.
To avoid impacts of transient attack, the paging flow-control function is configured on the BSC for the sudden increase of paging traffic. With this function, the paging
traffic in a unit time is restricted, so the paging traffic is controlled from the beginning when paging traffic is received. Thus, the problem of high CPU load caused by
high outburst paging traffic can be avoided. When the paging traffic exceeds the threshold, make analysis according to the following flow:
Note: The transient paging attack does not necessarily occur in busy hours, so you need to monitor this indicator all day.
Figure 3-14 Analysis and Processing Flow for BSC Paging Traffic
3.4.8 Analysis and Processing of DSP Resource Utilization Rate on the UPPB Board
Three indicators are monitored for DSP resources on the UPPB board: DSP timeslot usage on the UPBB board, maximum usage of DSP MAC instances on the UPBB
board, and average DSP load on the UPPB board. They all indicate whether resource usage on this DSP has exceeded the threshold and whether you need to
balance services to other DSPs. The analysis and processing flow for DSP resources on the UPPB board is shown as follows:
Figure 3-15 Analysis and Processing Flow for DSP Resources on the UPPB Board
3.4.9 Analysis and Processing of Utilization Rate of DSP Resource on the AIPB Board
When the DSP resource usage on the AIPB board exceeds the threshold, possibly the DSP timeslot resources on the AIPB are insufficient, and you need to expand
the AIPB board to increase timeslots. The analysis and processing flow is shown as follows:
Figure 3-16 Analysis and Processing Flow for DSP Resources on the AIPB Board
3.4.10 Analysis of IP Interface Board Transmitting and Receiving Utilization Rate
The GIPI or the GIPI4 is used as the IP interface board. The following indicators are monitored for the IP interface board: GIPI transmitting utilization rate, GIPI
receiving utilization rate, and comprehensive GIPI4 transmitting and receiving utilization rate. They indicate whether the transmitting and receiving capacity of the IP
interface board has exceeded the threshold. If yes, usually you need to expand the board. The analysis and processing flow is shown as follows:
Figure 3-17 Analysis and Processing Flow for the IP Interface Board Link Utilization Rate
3.5 Analysis and Processing for Load of ZXUR9000 GSM Resources
When the TDM Abis-interface link utilization rate exceeds the threshold, first verify that no fault exists with any E1 link, and then expand Abis links. For IPOE IP Abis
links, first verify that no fault exists with any E1 link, and then enable the IP head compression and DTX function to save bandwidth on Abis-interface links. If the Abis
link utilization rate still exceeds the threshold after the IP head compression and DTX function has been enabled, expand E1 links. For IP Abis links on the FE
interface, usually no bandwidth bottleneck exists. However, if bandwidth restriction is configured on the bearer network, the bearer network side needs to allocate
greater bandwidth.
Figure 3-18 Analysis and Processing Flow for the Abis-Interface Link Utilization Rate
For the FR GB (E1) interface, if the Gb-interface link utilization rate exceeds the threshold, first verify that no link fault exists. Otherwise, handle the link fault first. If
multiple BRCH channels are configured, verify that the load on each BRCH is balanced. In case of load unbalance between BRCH channels, adjust the number of
timeslots to be the same for all BRCH channels.
For the IPGB interface, if the Gb-interface link utilization rate exceeds the threshold, verify that the link load between transmission paths is balanced. In case of link
load unbalance, make analysis upon the uplink and the downlink respectively. Check networking schemes of the iBSC, the data bearer network, and the SGSN, and
check the routing policy on each node, to identify the cause for link load unbalance. Adjust link load accordingly. When necessary, the bearer network needs to
increase the bandwidth allocated to the Gb interface.
Figure 3-19 Analysis and Processing Flow for the Gb-Interface Link Utilization Rate
For the TDM A interface, when the circuit trunk usage exceeds the threshold, first verify that no fault exists with circuits. If the usage still exceeds the threshold after
circuit faults are eliminated, expand A-interface trunk circuits.
For the IP A interface, if the bandwidth usage exceeds the threshold, verify that the link load between several transmission paths is balanced. In case of link load
unbalance, make analysis upon the uplink and the downlink respectively. Check networking schemes of the iBSC, the data bearer network, and the CN, and check the
routing policy on each node, to identify the cause for link load unbalance. Adjust link load accordingly.
The Ater interface only exists in TDM mode. When its circuit trunk usage exceeds the threshold, expand trunk circuits on the Ater interface.
Figure 3-20 Analysis and Processing Flow for the A/Ater-Interface Link Utilization Rate
When the No.7 signaling link load exceeds the threshold, first verify that the load between signaling links is balanced. In case of any link load unbalance, verify that no
signaling link is out of service and the number of signaling links is n power of 2 (2, 4, 8, 16). Under this situation, the load between signaling links can be basically
balanced. If signaling link load is already balanced, you can make expansion by increasing the number of signaling links or transforming 64K signaling links into 2M
signaling links.
Figure 3-21 Analysis and Processing Flow for the No.7 Signaling Link Uplink/Downlink Utilization Rate
3.5.5 Analysis and Processing of the load of control plan on CRP board
The control plan CPU on CRP board (CMP) is in charge of service call control management in PS/CS domains and management of resources on BSSAP and BSSGP
layers and in the system itself. It handles a large number of control-plane messages. If the CMP load is high, it is usually directly related to the high service traffic of
this module, or it may be caused by unreasonable configurations. You can make analysis according to the following procedure:
Figure 3-22 Analysis and Processing Flow for CMP Load
In LAIs with extremely high paging traffic, you can split LAIs to reduce paging traffic on the A interface. Under the normal situation that the BSC system is attacked by
transient outburst paging traffic (for example, group sending of short messages), the CMP load will be increased transiently and normal service access will be affected.
To avoid impacts of transient attach, the paging flow-control function is configured on the BSC for the sudden increase of paging traffic. With this function, the paging
traffic in a unit time is restricted, so the paging traffic is controlled from the beginning when paging traffic is received. Thus, the problem of high CPU load caused by
high outburst paging traffic can be avoided. When the paging traffic exceeds the threshold, make analysis according to the following flow:
Note: The transient paging attack does not necessarily occur in busy hours, so you need to monitor this indicator all day.
Figure 3-23 Analysis and Processing Flow for BSC Paging Traffic
3.5.7 Analysis and Processing of Utilization rate of Slave resources on the CRP board
In UR13 version, each Slave unit on CRP board is configured to handle CS service and PS service both. Only if the CS service load for all of the systen is high, you
need to expand the CRP board, because the load of CS services can be balanced automatically on each Slave. When utilization rate of slave timeslots for PS services
or Average load of Slave has exceeded the threshold, you can try to adjust some cells to some low utilization rate or load Slaves (less than 60%) firstly. The analysis
and processing flow is shown as follows:
Figure 3-24 Analysis and Processing Flow for Utilization rate of Slave resources
3.5.8 Analysis and Processing of Board Utilization Rate
In this section, the board refers to the EGPB, EXGB1a, EXGB1b, EGPB2c, EGPB2a, EDTI, EDTI2a, ESDTI and ESDTI2a boars on the ZXUR9000 platform. The
following indicators are monitored for them: utilization rate of the EGPB board, utilization rate of the EXGB1a\EXGB1b\EGPB2c\EGPB2a board, occupancy of the
transmitting bandwidth on EDTI/EDTI2a/ESDTI/ESDTI2a boards (Abis interface), occupancy of the receiving bandwidth on EDTI/EDTI2a/ESDTI/ESDTI2a boards
(Abis interface), occupancy of the transmitting bandwidth on EDTI/EDTI2a/ESDTI/ESDTI2a boards (Gb interface), occupancy of the receiving bandwidth on
EDTI/EDTI2a/ESDTI/ESDTI2a boards (Gb interface), and PPS utilization rate of the ESDTI/ESDTI2a. These indicators indicate whether the transmitting and receiving
capacity of the corresponding board has exceeded the threshold. If yes, you need to expand the board. The analysis and processing flows for these indicators are
basically the same, as shown below:
Figure 3-25 Analysis and Processing Flow for the Board Utilization Rate
4 Appendix: Monitoring and Expansion Threshold for Wireless Network

Resources
Table 4-1 Monitoring and Expansion Threshold for Wireless Network Resources
Monitoring and Expansion Threshold for Wireless Network Resources.xlsx

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Capacity Monitoring and Expansion Guide Page 1 of 27

2 GSM Wireless Network Resources

3 Analysis and Processing of GSM Wireless Network Resource Utilization Rates

4 Appendix: Monitoring and Expansion Threshold for Wireless Network Resources

1.1 Procedure of Monitoring Wireless Network Resources

Figure 1-1 Network Resource Monitoring Flow

1.1 Overview of Wireless Network Resources

Table 1-1 Resources to Be Monitored in a GSM Wireless Network

Resource Resource Meaning & Impact Related

Wireless air- CCCH channel It indicates usage of control channels. If CCCH

2 GSM Wireless Network Resources

2.1 Wireless Resources

Table 2-1 Wireless Resources

2.1.1 SDCCH Channel Resources

1. SDCCH/8: Stand-Alone dedicated control channel

Erl per SDCCH channel: C901080005/Gr/C901080001

SDCCH congestion ratio: C901250003/ C901250001

Table 2-2 Counters Related to the SDCCH Channel Utilization Rate

For the setting of monitoring thresholds, refer to Table 2-3.

Pre-alarm Level Yellow Pre-alarm Red Pre-alarm

2.1.2 CCCH Channel Resources

CCCH channel utilization rate

Table 2-4 Counters Related to the CCCH Channel Utilization Rate

Percentage of PCH block resources used: C901640005

Paging message congestion ratio: (C901640001 + C901640002)/C901640007

Table 2-5 Counters Related to the PCH Channel Utilization Rate

Table 2-6 Monitoring Thresholds for CCCH Channel Utilization Rate

Pre-alarm Level Yellow Pre-alarm Red Pre-alarm

2.1.3 TCH Channel Resources

1. Voice service channel

i. TCH/FS: A full rate Speech TCH

ii. TCH/HS: A half rate Speech TCH

2. Data service channel

i. TCH/F9.6: A full rate data TCH (9,6kbit/s)

ii. TCH/F4.8: A full rate date TCH (4,8kbit/s)

iii. TCH/H4.8: A half rate data TCH (4,8kbit/s)

iv. TCH/F2.4: A full rate data TCH (2,4kbit/s)

Erl per TCH channel:

(C901080015 + C901080023)/Gr/(C901080009 + C901080028 + C901080019)

Table 2-8 Counters Related to the TCH Channel Utilization Rate

2.1.4 PDCH Channel Resources

1. Static PDCH: This channel is only used in the packet service.

PDCH channel utilization rate:

Uplink PDCH congestion ratio:

(C901190016 + C901190039 + C901190065 + C901200016 + C901200039 + C901200065)/(C901190001 + C901190036 + C901190062 + C901200001 +

(C901170008 + C901170024 + C901170037 + C901180008 + C901180024 + C901180037)/(C901170001 + C901170021 + C901170034 + C901180001 +

Table 2-10 Counters Related to the PDCH Channel Utilization Rate

2.2 Base Station Resources

2.2.1 CC Board Load

Maximum CPU utilization rate: C370010000

Average CPU utilization rate: C370010001

Table 2-12 Counters Related to the CC Board Load Indicator

For the setting of monitoring thresholds, refer to Table 2-13.

Table 2-13 Monitoring Thresholds for the CC Board Load Indicator

Pre-alarm Level Yellow Pre-alarm Red Pre-alarm

2.3 ZXG10 iBSC Resources

Table 2-14 ZXG10 iBSC Running Load Indicators

Indicator Yellow Red

Indicator Yellow Red

2.3.1 Abis Link Resource

2.3.1.1 Abis Link Resource Utilization Rate (TDM E1 Abis)

Indicator Yellow Pre-alarm Red Pre-alarm

2.3.1.2 Abis Uplink/Downlink Bandwidth Utilization Rate (IP Abis-FE)