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EM-ANN Modeling of Overlapping Open-Ends in Multilayer

Microstrip Lines for Design of Bandpass Filters

Choonsik Cho and K.C. Gupta


Center for Advanced Manufacturing and Packaging of
Microwave, Optical and Digital Electronics (CAMPmode); and
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,
University of Colorado at Boulder,
Boulder, CO 80309-0425
Tel: (303)492-7498 Fax: (303)492-5323
email: eutJta@colorado.edu,choc@coIorado.edu

Abstract

This paper describes Electromagnetic-ArtificialNeural Network modeling


based on EM simulation results (EM-ANN) for overlapping gap coupled sections
of microstriplines used in the design of multilayer end-coupled band-pass filters.
T h e overlapping gaps are used for obtaining a wide bandwidth. An EM-ANN
model has been developed successfully for reducing the design time. Also, a
design for multilayer end-coupled band-pass filter has been performed using this
model and compared to the design without using ANN models. ,

I. INTRODUCTION

Wide bandwidth end-coupled band-pass filters [ 1.21 can be designed using


multilayer microstrip configurations. This filter circuit consists of half-
wavelength resonators and gap coupled sections between resonators. The coupling
gaps in between the resonators play a significant role in the design of this filter.
Optimization of the coupling gaps correspondingto the filter specifications is well
documented in our previous work [Z]. However, calculation of the physical
dimensions of coupling gaps requires a considerable computer time for design
optimization. In this paper, an EM-ANN model is developed to speed up the
optimization of the coupling gaps. A design using the EM-ANN model is carried
out to implement a multilayer end-coupled band-pass filter, and compared to the
design performed by a usual design procedure documented in [2].

II. EM-Ah"MODELING
The general layout of an end-coupled band-pass filter realized in two-layer
configuration is shown in Fig. 1. Adjacent resonators are placed at different
layers. According to the normal design procedure [2], the dimensions ( W 1 , Wz
and g in Fig. 1) of a coupling gap are optimized by repeating the calculations of
[Y]-parameten which requires a long computer time. The use of ANN models can

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reduce considerably the required CPU time to optimize gap dimensions. The
methodology used for developing accurate and efficient ANN models has been
well discussed and demonstrated in [3]. The architecture of a multilayer, feed-
forward ANN,utilizing the error back-propagation algorithm used in this work is
shown in Fig. 2. This consists of an input layer, an output layer and one hidden
layer.
x
af;;; - l Iw

I_-
- -. -.
~ ~

_.
--_____..
~ - ..~.
..- .- .-
I _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
i - -
X
-
-
irmmmnmrm

Cross-section at xx
Fig. I . A layout of a multilayer end-coupledband-pass filter

Fig. 2. The architectureof typical single hidden layer artificial neural network.

Analysis model Synthesis model


for a coupling gap for a coupling gap

Fig. 3. (a) Analysis ANN model, (b) Synthesis ANN model for gap coupled sections

In this research, we make use of C U - W software [4]. ANN models are


developed to effectively determine physical values for gap coupled sections from
given desired parameters (synthesis). ANN models have also been developed
providing the correct Y- or S-parameters based upon the physical geometry
(analysis) to be used in commercial microwave circuit simulators. Simulations
using HP-Momentum are used to provide a training data for both the synthesis and

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analysis ANN models. Training data is obtained by specifying the design
frequency, the physical dimensions and their ranges for the gap coupled sections
under consideration.

ID. DESIGN EXAMPLE

Both synthesis and analysis models (shown in Fig. 3) for a gap coupled
section have been developed using 875 simulations performed on HP-Momentum
which were used for training data for ANN models. An end-coupled band-pass
filter has been developed using ANN models in two-layer structure. Stating with
the filter specifications (3 GHz design frequency, 30% bandwidth, 5 resonators
and OS& ripple level), physical parameters obtained using synthesis and analysis
ANN models for gap coupled sections are shown in Table I.

TABLE 1. Physical dimensions of a 2-layer end-coupled band-pass filter (units in


mm) with ANNs

Section# 1 2 3 4 5 6
W/ 1.621 1.804 1.621 1.804 1.621 1.804
. w2 1.804 1.621 1.804 1.621 1.804 1.621
g 4.88 3.35 2.89 2.89 3.35 4.88
I 28.854 32.222 30.888 32.222 28.854 -

0.OdB

-1O.WB

-2O.WB

-40.0dB

-M.WB
1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5
frequency (GHz)

Fig. 4. Performance of a 2-layer endtoupled band-pass filter using ANN models

Using these physical dimensions, this filter is analyzed on a circuit


simulator which incorporates the analysis A" models of gap and transmission
lines. Fig. 4 illustrates the performance of this filter. Full-wave EM simulation
results from HP-Momentum without using ANN models are used for design
verification. The filters designed with A" models and without A" models are

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comparable. The advantage of using ANN models for filter design is a large
saving in required CPU time as shown in Table 11. In this Table, the CPU time on
an HP700 workstation and the number of iterations needed for designing physical
geometry are compared to the requirements without using A models. The
simulation time of the complete circuit using ANN models on HP-MDSnetwork
simulator is also included in Table 11.

TABLE 11. Design times and required iterations for endcoupled band-pass filters
with ANNs and without ANNs

Section # iterations CPU time


1 6 ~ 0.83 sec.
Design of coupling gap 2 4 0.55 sec.
using ANN models 3 4 0.55 sec.
1 84 84 min. 25 sec.
Design of coupling gap 2 64 50 min. 04 sec.
without ANN models 3 52 45 min. 12 sec.
Simulation of the complete circuit 12.1 sec.

IV. CONCLUDING REMARKS


An end-coupled band-pass filter in a 2-layer configuration has been
designed using ANN models developed. Overlapping gaps between resonators in
two-layer configuration make it possible to design wideband filters. In order to
reduce to the time for optimization of gap parameters, ANN models have been
used.

REFERENCES

[l] C.-K.C. Tzuang, Y.-C. Chiang, and S . Su, Design of Quasi-Planar


Broadside End-Coupled Bandpass filter, IEEE MTT-S International
Microwave Symposium, pp. 407-410, June 1990.

[2] C. Cho and K.C. Gupta, Design of End-Coupled Band-Pass Filters in


Multilayer Microstripline Configurations, IEEE MTT-S International
Microwave Symposium, June 1999.

[3] P.M. Watson and K.C. Gupta, Design and Optimization of CPW Circuits
Using EM-ANN Models for CPW Components, IEEE Trans. Microwave
Theory and Techniques, Vol. 45, No.12, pp. 2515-2523, 1997.

[4] CU-A@ Ver. 1.0, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, University of


Colorado at Boulder.

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