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Abstract
I. INTRODUCTION
II. EM-Ah"MODELING
The general layout of an end-coupled band-pass filter realized in two-layer
configuration is shown in Fig. 1. Adjacent resonators are placed at different
layers. According to the normal design procedure [2], the dimensions ( W 1 , Wz
and g in Fig. 1) of a coupling gap are optimized by repeating the calculations of
[Y]-parameten which requires a long computer time. The use of ANN models can
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reduce considerably the required CPU time to optimize gap dimensions. The
methodology used for developing accurate and efficient ANN models has been
well discussed and demonstrated in [3]. The architecture of a multilayer, feed-
forward ANN,utilizing the error back-propagation algorithm used in this work is
shown in Fig. 2. This consists of an input layer, an output layer and one hidden
layer.
x
af;;; - l Iw
I_-
- -. -.
~ ~
_.
--_____..
~ - ..~.
..- .- .-
I _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
i - -
X
-
-
irmmmnmrm
Cross-section at xx
Fig. I . A layout of a multilayer end-coupledband-pass filter
Fig. 2. The architectureof typical single hidden layer artificial neural network.
Fig. 3. (a) Analysis ANN model, (b) Synthesis ANN model for gap coupled sections
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analysis ANN models. Training data is obtained by specifying the design
frequency, the physical dimensions and their ranges for the gap coupled sections
under consideration.
Both synthesis and analysis models (shown in Fig. 3) for a gap coupled
section have been developed using 875 simulations performed on HP-Momentum
which were used for training data for ANN models. An end-coupled band-pass
filter has been developed using ANN models in two-layer structure. Stating with
the filter specifications (3 GHz design frequency, 30% bandwidth, 5 resonators
and OS& ripple level), physical parameters obtained using synthesis and analysis
ANN models for gap coupled sections are shown in Table I.
Section# 1 2 3 4 5 6
W/ 1.621 1.804 1.621 1.804 1.621 1.804
. w2 1.804 1.621 1.804 1.621 1.804 1.621
g 4.88 3.35 2.89 2.89 3.35 4.88
I 28.854 32.222 30.888 32.222 28.854 -
0.OdB
-1O.WB
-2O.WB
-40.0dB
-M.WB
1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5
frequency (GHz)
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comparable. The advantage of using ANN models for filter design is a large
saving in required CPU time as shown in Table 11. In this Table, the CPU time on
an HP700 workstation and the number of iterations needed for designing physical
geometry are compared to the requirements without using A models. The
simulation time of the complete circuit using ANN models on HP-MDSnetwork
simulator is also included in Table 11.
TABLE 11. Design times and required iterations for endcoupled band-pass filters
with ANNs and without ANNs
REFERENCES
[3] P.M. Watson and K.C. Gupta, Design and Optimization of CPW Circuits
Using EM-ANN Models for CPW Components, IEEE Trans. Microwave
Theory and Techniques, Vol. 45, No.12, pp. 2515-2523, 1997.
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