U.S.

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR OPEN FILE REPORT

U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OFR 03-289
Text accompanies map

Map of Quaternary Faults and Folds of Mapa de Fallas y Pliegues Cuaternarias de

Ecuador and Its Offshore Regions Ecuador y Regiones Oceanicas Adyacentes
International Lithosphere Program Task Group II-2, Internacional de la Litsfera, Grupo de Trabajo II-2,
Major Active Faults of the World Principales Fallas Activas del Mundo
A cooperative project of the U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, Colorado Un proyecto de cooperacion entre el U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, Colorado
and the National Polytechnical School, Quito, Ecuador. y la Escuela Politcnica Nacional, Quito, Ecuador.
Data compiled by Arturo Eguez, Alexandra Alvarado, and Hugo Yepes. Datos compilados por Arturo Eguez, Alexandra Alvarado, y Hugo Yepes. International Programa
Digital representation by Richard L. Dart (USGS). Representacin digital por Richard L. Dart (USGS). Lithosphere Internacional
Project coordination by Michael N. Machette (Co-chairman, ILP Task Group II-2). Proyecto coordinado por Michael N. Machette (Co-chairman, ILP Grupo de Trabajo II-2). Program de la Litsfera
(ILP) (ILP)

2003 2003

QUATERNARY FAULTS AND FOLDS OF ECUADOR

FALLAS Y PLIEGUES CUATERNARIAS DE ECUADOR

CO-15

CO-29j Number Name of structure Sense of movement Time of most recent Slip rate
CO-15

(major/minor) movement (mm/yr)

Numer Nombre de structuro Sentido de movimiento Edad del ltimo Tasa de movimiento

CO-45

CO-20i (mayor/menor) movimiento (mm/ao)

EC-01 San Lorenzo lineament Unknown <1.6 Ma <1 (unknown)

CO-15

CO-42 EC-02 Esmeraldas fault

CO-15 EC-02a Northern section Unknown <1.6 Ma <1 (unknown)

EC-02b Sinistral, reverse <1.6 Ma <1 (unknown)
COLOMBIA

CO-29k Southern section
CO-29j
EC-03 Ro Canand fault

CO-15

92

BAHIA DE ANCON

EC-03a Western section Normal, dextral <1.6 Ma <1 (unknown)
EC-03b Central section Dextral <1.6 Ma <1 (unknown)

DE SARDINAS

EC-03c Dextral <1.6 Ma <1 (unknown)

(1995) Eastern section

CO-15g EC-04 Galera fault Dextral, normal <1.6 Ma <1 (unknown)

EC-05 Buga fault Reverse <1.6 Ma <1 (unknown)

CO-43 CO-15

CO-29k EC-06 Mache lineament Unknown <1.6 Ma <1 (unknown)

PASTO

1 EC-07 Caaveral fault

EC-07a Northern section Reverse, dextral <1.6 Ma <1 (unknown)

EC-07b Dextral, normal <1.6 Ma <1 (unknown)

CO-29m Central section

CO-29l EC-07c Jama section Unknown <1.6 Ma <1 (unknown)

ESMERALDAS
EC-07d San Isidro section Normal, dextral <1.6 Ma <1 (unknown)

CO-43 CO-44 EC-08 Quinind fault Reverse, transpressive <1.6 Ma <1 (unknown)

EC-10 Baha fault
2a
EC-10a Sinistral (?) <1.6 Ma <1 (unknown)

Northern section

EC-10b Southern section Reverse, transpressive (?) <1.6 Ma <1 (unknown)

EC-11 Calceta fault Unknown <1.6 Ma <1 (unknown)
4 Esmeraldas 23

5

EC-12 Daule fault Unknown <1.6 Ma <1 (unknown)

Carchi EC-13 Unknown <1.6 Ma <1 (unknown)

Buena Fe fault

2b 24

(1906)

EC-14 Jipijapa fault

COLOMBIA
CO-29m

3c EC-14a Jipijapa section Reverse(?) <1.6 Ma <1 (unknown)

3b EC-14b Julcuy (fault) section Reverse(?) <1.6 Ma <1 (unknown)

3a 54

6 27a

28a EC-15 Ro Colimes fault Unknown <1.6 Ma <1 (unknown)

EC-16 Colonche fault

25
Imbabura EC-16a Northwestern section Reverse(?) <1.6 Ma <1 (unknown)

Rio Putuma

28b yo EC-16b Northern section Reverse, transpressive <1.6 Ma <1 (unknown)

27b

7a 26 55a EC-16c Central section Sinistral <1.6 Ma <1 (unknown)

EC-16d Southeastern section Reverse <1.6 Ma <1 (unknown)

64

8 29 EC-17 Carrizal fault Unknown <1.6 Ma <1

28c EC-18 La Cruz fault Dextral <1.6 Ma <1

EC-19 Chanduy fault Unknown <1.6 Ma <1 (unknown)

7b 54
Succumbios EC-20 Posorja fault Normal <1.6 Ma <1 (unknown)

29

EC-21 Jambel fault Normal <1.6 Ma <1 (unknown)

8 56
EC-22 Pun fault Dextral <1.6 Ma <1 (unknown)
7b
Pichincha

QUITO

EC-23 San Isidro fault Dextral(?) <15 ka 0.2-1.0

SANTO DOMINGO 55b

EC-24 El Angel fault Reverse, dextral(?) <15 ka <1 (unknown)

DE LOS

30a 31a 64 EC-25 Reverse, dextral(?) <1.6 Ma <1 (unknown)
Ro Ambi fault

COLORADOS


EC-26 Otavalo fault Dextral <1.6 Ma <1 (unknown)

TUMBACO EC-27
7c 8 34 33 Billecocha-Huyrapungo fault

PIFO

32

EC-27a Normal <15 ka <1 (unknown)

7d 30b 57 65 Billecocha section

66 EC-27b Huyrapungo section Dextral <1.6 Ma <1 (unknown)

31b

Manabi 56

EC-28 Apuela fault

EC-28a Northeastern section Dextral <1.6 Ma <1 (unknown)

35

EC-28b Dextral <1.6 Ma <1 (unknown)

Central section

92

10a Ri o N EC-28c Southern section Unknown <1.6 Ma <1 (unknown)

BAHIA DE

ap EC-29 Dextral <15 ka 1-5

58 Nanegalito fault zone

12 57 o
CARQUEZ

CHONE

41a EC-30 El Cinto fault

43a

67

EC-30a Guayacn section Sinistral (?) <1.6 Ma <1 (unknown)

Napo

10b 11 40 38

EC-30b Sinistral <1.6 Ma <1 (unknown)

Ro Cinto section

42 37
Orellana

EC-31

Quito fault

36

CALCETA 39

EC-31a Reverse, dextral <15 ka 0.2-1.0

68 Northern section

59
EC-31b Reverse, dextral <15 ka 0.2-1.0

MANTA

69 Southern section

Cotopaxi LATACUNGA

13 EC-32 Tandapi fault Sinistral <15 ka 1-5

EC-33 Papallacta fault Dextral <1.6 Ma <1

41b EC-34 Ro Baba fault Reverse, dextral <1.6 Ma <1 (unknown)

12 43b

60

PORTOVIEJO EC-35 Machachi fault Dextral <1.6 Ma <1 (unknown)

37
71 70

39 EC-36 Poal fault Reverse <1.6 Ma <1 (unknown)

14a EC-37 Nagsiche anticline Reverse <1.6 Ma <1 (unknown)

AMBATO

Los EC-38 Latacunga anticline Reverse <1.6 Ma <1 (unknown)

44 EC-39 Yanayacu anticline Reverse <1.6 Ma <1 (unknown)

JIPIJAPA

Rios

61 EC-40 Guangaje fault Strike slip(?) <1.6 Ma <1 (unknown)

ECUADOR
72

Bolivar Tu n g u r a h u a EC-41 Chugchilan-Sigchos fault

14b EC-41a Transpressive, dextral(?) <1.6 Ma <1 (unknown)

Sigchos section
Manabi 73

45 EC-41b Chugchilan section Reverse <1.6 Ma <1 (unknown)

46a

15 47 74 EC-42 Reverse <1.6 Ma <1 (unknown)

Pucayacu fault
EC-43 Valencia-La Man fault

GUARANDA RIOBAMBA EC-43a Valencia section Unknown <1.6 Ma <1 (unknown)

46b EC-43b La Man section Reverse <1.6 Ma <1 (unknown)

62

16a
Pastaza

EC-44 Reverse <1.6 Ma <1 (unknown)

48 Quinsaloma fault
EC-45 Unknown <1.6 Ma <1 (unknown)

Calab fault

Guayas

16b 50a EC-46 Ro Salinas fault

EC-46a Unknown <1.6 Ma <1 (unknown)

Salinas section
49

EC-46b Southern section Reverse(?) <1.6 Ma <1 (unknown)

EC-47 Guaranda fault Reverse, dextral(?) <1.6 Ma <1 (unknown)

50b

16c EC-48 Reverse <1.6 Ma <1 (unknown)

Montalvo fault

63

48 EC-49 Chillanes fault Reverse <1.6 Ma <1 (unknown)

76 Ri EC-50 Pallatanga fault zone

16d

17 oP EC-50a Pallatanga section Dextral, reverse <15 ka 1-5

Chimborazo

MILAGRO 50c as

49

taz EC-50b Dextral(?) <1.6 Ma <1 (unknown)

Central section
Guayas a

GUAYAQUIL EC-50c Southern section Reverse, dextral(?) <1.6 Ma <1 (unknown)

EC-51 Pancho Negro fault Dextral (?) <1.6 Ma <1 (unknown)

18 17 EC-52 Naranjal fault Reverse <1.6 Ma <1 (unknown)

EC-53 Ponce Enrquez fault Reverse <1.6 Ma <1 (unknown)

51 77 EC-54 Chingual fault Dextral <15 ka >5

EC-55 Reventador fault

Canar

18 78 EC-55a Northern section Reverse <1.6 Ma <1 (unknown)

19 EC-55b Dextral <1.6 Ma <1 (unknown)

75 Southern section

EC-56 Reverse, dextral <15 ka (Historic?, <1 (unknown)

Salado fault

92 1987)

AZOQUES 76

EC-57 Dextral, reverse, <15 ka(?) 1-5

Baeza-Chaco fault

22 52
PERU

Morona EC-58 Reverse, dextral <1.6 Ma <1 (unknown)

Cosanga fault

20 EC-59 Dextral <1.6 Ma <1 (unknown)

Huacamayos fault

CUENCA
Santiago EC-60 Pisayambo fault Dextral <1.6 Ma <1 (unknown)

Azuay

21

EC-61 Dextral(?) <1.6 Ma <1 (unknown)

Patate fault

EC-62 Strike-slip(?) <1.6 Ma <1 (unknown)

79 Candelaria fault

53

EC-63 Dextral <1.6 Ma <1 (unknown)

Guamote fault

80

EC-64 Reverse <1.6 Ma <1 (unknown)

Cascales fault

GIRON EC-65 Payamino fault Reverse <1.6 Ma <1 (unknown)

GOLFO DE

EC-66 Sumaco fault Reverse, transpressive <1.6 Ma <1 (unknown)

81a

(dextral?)
GUAYAQUIL MACHALA

EC-67 Holln fault Reverse(?) <1.6 Ma <1 (unknown)

EC-68 Tena fault Reverse <1.6 Ma <1 (unknown)

EC-69 Pusuno fault Reverse <1.6 Ma <1 (unknown)

PASAJE 81b

EC-70 Arajuno fault Reverse <1.6 Ma <1 (unknown)

SANTA ROSA EC-71 Reverse <1.6 Ma <1 (unknown)

ZARUMILLA Anzu fault

EC-72 Reverse <1.6 Ma <1 (unknown)

Mera fault
El Oro EC-73 Reverse <1.6 Ma <1 (unknown)

Puyo fault

TUMBES PIEDRAS EC-74 Pastaza fault Sinistral <1.6 Ma <1 (unknown)

EC-75 Santiago-Upano fault Reverse <15 ka <1 (unknown)

EC-76 Macuma fault Reverse <1.6 Ma <1 (unknown)

EC-77 Reverse <1.6 Ma <1 (unknown)

Taisha fault

EC-78 Paute fault Unknown <1.6 Ma <1 (unknown)

Zamora

EC-79 Gualaceo fault Reverse <1.6 Ma <1 (unknown)

EC-80 Unknown <1.6 Ma <1 (unknown)

84 Tarqui fault

83
EC-81

85 Girn fault

PE-01
EC-81a Normal <15 ka <1.0

CATAMAYO Northeastern section

EC-81b Normal, dextral <15 ka <1.0

Southwestern section

82a LOJA EC-82 Celica-Macar fault

MANCORA EC-82a Unknown <1.6 Ma <1 (unknown)

Celica section

86

Loja EC-82b Reverse <1.6 Ma <1 (unknown)

Macar section

91

92 EC-83 Reverse <1.6 Ma <1 (unknown)

La Toma fault

87

EC-84 Reverse <1.6 Ma <1 (unknown)

Catamayo fault

EC-85 Unknown <1.6 Ma <1 (unknown)

Las Pitas fault

82b

88

EC-86 El Tambo fault Reverse <1.6 Ma <1 (unknown)

PE-01

90a EC-87 Loja fault Reverse <1.6 Ma <1 (unknown)

89

EC-88 Solanda fault Unknown <1.6 Ma <1 (unknown)

EC-89 Reverse <1.6 Ma <1 (unknown)

Las Aradas fault

EC-90 Numbala fault

TALARA

EC-90a Northern section Reverse <1.6 Ma <1 (unknown)

EC-90b Southern section Reverse <1.6 Ma <1 (unknown)

90b

EC-91 Nangaritza fault Transcurrent, reverse <1.6 Ma <1 (unknown)

EC-92 Colombia-Ecuador trench Reverse Historic (1906) >5 (ca. 70)

(subduction zone)

Ri o

Ma

rano n

SULLANA

PAITA CHULUCANAS

PIURA
N

PERU
ER

Nazca North Andes

DE

TH

0 20 40 60 80 100 200 km
Oc cific

PERU Block
AN

PE-02
Plate O
n

N
ea

Pa

Scale 1:1,125,000; Mercator Projection

BAHIA DE
)

rn

SECHURA COLOMBIA

te

y)
es

lle
(W

al
Va

92
nt

al

an

rie
nt

ide

ie
de

(O

neg
Car e

PE-02
in

An
Occ

g
Rid
Pla

al

sin
Re
er

ne
era

Ba
stal

Int

Zo
a
er
dill
Coa

South
on
an
ill

az
Cor

de
rd

America
Am
An

MAP EXPLANATION SIMBOLOGIA DEL MAPA

Co

INDEX TO ILP MAPS

ECUADOR
b

Plate
Su

TIME OF MOST RECENT SURFACE RUPTURE EDAD DE ULTIMA RUPTURA SUPERFICIAL

10
Historic (year) Histrica (ao)
2
Holocene (<10,000 yrs) or post glacial (<15,000 yrs) Holocena (<10,000 aos) o post glacial (<15,000 aos)
6 11
8
RN

Quaternary, undifferentiated (<1,600,000 yrs) Cuaternaria, sin diferenciar (<1,600,000 aos)

S
DE
HE

ILP FAULT USGS OPEN-FILE 5

AN
RT

SLIP RATE TASA DE MOVIMIENTO

MAPS REPORT NO. Golfo de
NO

1-5 mm/yr 1-5 mm/ao Guayquil

7 0.2-1 mm/yr 0.2-1 mm/ao
1. ARGENTINA 00-103 PERU
cean

SOUTH <0.2 mm/yr (or unknown) <0.2 mm/ao (o desconocida)

2. BOLIVIA 00-293, Plate 1
9 AMERICA
ic O

QUALITY CALIDAD
3. BRAZIL 00-230
Continuous at map scale Continua a la escala del mapa
Am
Sub

4. CHILE 00-283, Plate 2

Pacif

3 Poor or discontinuous at map scale Pobre o discontinua a la escala del mapa

az

2
on

5. COLOMBIA 02-284 Inferred or concealed Inferida u oculta

An
CE

PERU
de
NT

Ba

6. COSTA RICA 98-481 STRUCTURE TYPE TIPO DE ESTRUCTURA

an

sin
RA

4 FAULTS FALLAS
Zo

This report
L

7. ECUADOR
ne
AN

Thrust or reverse fault (teeth on upper block) Falla inversa o corrimiento (tringulos
8. PANAMA 98-779 1 0 400 km
DE

100 200 300

Right-lateral (dextral) strike-slip fault en bloque superior)
S

Scale 1:5,000,000; Mercator Projection

9. PERU In preparation Left-lateral (sinistral) strike-slip fault Falla de rumbo dextral
Normal fault (bar and ball on downthrown block) Falla de rumbo sinestral
10. MANGUA, NI. 00-437
FOLDS Falla normal (crculo en bloque hundido)
11. VENEZUELA 00-018 Anticline PLIEGUES
RELATIVE PLATE MOTION
Syncline Anticlinal
No. Location Fixed Plate Moving Plate Velocity Direction
Monocline Synclinal
1 81W, 1N South America Nazca 7.3 cm/yr 79.1
Monoclinal 2 77W, 2S Nazca South America 7.0 cm/yr 261.3
OTHER SYMBOLS
Location of fault section boundary OTROS SIMBOLICOS Source: Relative Plate Motion Calculator, Nuvel-1A Model; Kensaku Tamaki, Ocean Research Institute,
University of Tokyo, 1-15-1 Minamidai, Nakano-ku, Tokyo, 164, Japan (tamaki@ori.u-tokyo.ac.jp)
Digital data prepared with ARC/INFO version 7.2.1 running under Solaris version 2.6 on a Unix workstation. 15 Ecuador fault number (EC-) Extremidad de seccin de falla
Last revision June 2003. 15 Numero de falla de Ecuador (EC-)
CO-15 Other fault numbers (for example, in Colombia) Diagram of major plate boundaries for Ecuador
Map prepared by M.N. Machette using Adobe Illustrator version 10.0. CO-15 Otro numeros de falla (por ejemplo, en Colombia) Esquema de lmites de placas para Ecuador
Last revision July 2003.
This map is available as a PDF file at http:/geology.cr.usgs.gov
This report is preliminary and has not been reviewed for conformity with U.S. Geological Survey editorial standards. Any
use of trade, product, or firm names is for discriptive purposes and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.