TYPES OF

CONTRACEPTIVE
S

JASPER B. CARANYAGAN
X-ACTS
SIR JERRY
 Cervical
Cap

The cervical cap is a small cap made of soft latex. A doctor or nurse
practitioner "fits" a woman for a cervical cap. The woman puts spermicide (which
destroys the sperm) in the cap and then places the cap up into her vagina and onto
her cervix (the opening of the womb). Suction keeps the cap in place so sperm
cannot enter the uterus (the womb). Women should obtain a new cap yearly. Among
typical couples who initiate use of the cap before having a child, about 16 percent of
women will experience an accidental pregnancy in the first year. If the cervical cap
is used consistently and correctly, about nine percent of women will become
pregnant. Failure rates are significantly higher if the cervical cap is used after a
woman has had a child. Use a condom for additional protection against HIV and
other STIs.
To use the cervical cap, a woman places spermicide inside the bowl and the
groove around the outside of the device and inserts the device into the vagina. The
cap is pressed up against the cervix to form a snug seal. There is no need to insert
more spermicide with additional acts of intercourse.
After the last act of intercourse, the cap should be left in place for at least 6
hours. The cervical cap should not be worn for more than 48 hours. In addition,
FemCap is not recommended for use during menstruation. Women should not rinse
the vagina or douche while wearing the cervical cap and for at least 6 hours after
the last act of intercourse.

Condom

Effective condoms are made of latex or polyurethane. Unrolled, condoms look

like long, thin balloons. They prevent body fluids from mixing when two people have
sex. The condom is put onto the penis before the penis comes into contact with the
vagina, mouth, or anus.
Latex condoms, when used consistently and correctly during vaginal, oral, or
anal intercourse, are highly effective in preventing the sexual transmission of HIV.
They are also effective in preventing most sexually transmitted infections (STIs).
Gonorrhea, chlamydia, and trichomoniasis are transmitted when infected semen or
vaginal or other body fluids contact mucosal surfaces. Condoms provide a great
level of protection against these STIs because they protect both partners against
exposure to the other's body fluids. Condoms also provide some protection against
STIssuch as genital herpes, syphilis, chancroid, and human papillomavirus (HPV)
which are transmitted primarily through contact with infected skin or with mucosal
surfaces. Because these STIs may be transmitted by contact with surfaces not
covered or protected by the condom, condoms provide a lesser degree of protection
against them.
Condoms are safe and effective at preventing both pregnancy and some
infections when used at each act of sex. Using condoms is the best method of
preventing infection if two people are going to have sex. No prescription is needed
to get condoms

Contracepti
ve Sponge

The vaginal sponge is a barrier method of preventing pregnancy. That is, the
sponge acts as a barrier to prevent semen from entering the cervix. The sponge is
more effective with women who have never given birth than with women who have.
With typical use of the sponge, about 16 percent of women will experience
pregnancy within one year. With consistent and correct use of the sponge, about
nine percent of women will experience pregnancy within one year.
Because vaginal barrier methods, including the sponge, protect the cervix,
they may help in preventing some sexually transmitted infections, including
gonorrhea, chlamydia, and trichomoniasis. Studies about the protective effect of
vaginal barrier methods are not consistent, however, so women should also use
condoms to prevent sexually transmitted infections.

Contracepti
ve
Suppositorie
s
 Contraceptive suppositories are barrier methods of birth control that are inserted deep into the
vagina before sexual intercourse. The suppository melts, releasing spermicide. The spermicide prevents
sperm from moving toward the egg and also protects the cervix. Of 100 women who use contraceptive
suppositories less than perfectly, 29 will accidentally get pregnant during the first year. With perfect use,
15 women will get pregnant. Suppositories provide no protection against sexually transmitted infections.
In fact, you should not use this method over and over in a single day because frequent daily use of any
barrier method that contains the spermicide nonoxynol-9 can increase your risk of HIV and other STIs.
For protection against STIs, use condoms

Diaphragm
 A diaphragm is a latex disc a woman places into her vagina. It should be left
in the vagina at least 6 hours but no more than 24 hours after intercourse. The
diaphragm blocks a man's semen from entering the cervix (the opening to the
womb). A spermicide placed onto the diaphragm kills sperm. A diaphragm and the
spermicide keep sperm from getting to the egg. Among typical couples who initiate
use of the diaphragm, about 16 percent of women will experience an accidental
pregnancy in the first year. If the diaphragm is used consistently and correctly,
about 6 percent of women will experience pregnancy. Use condoms as well as the
diaphragm for the most effective protection. Complete information about this
contraceptive is available through a family planning association or clinician or
through the package inserts accompanying a diaphragm.

Female
Condom
 Female condoms (previously known as Reality Condoms) are made of a thin
plastic called polyurethane NOT latex. The condom is placed into the woman's
vagina. It is open at one end and closed at the other. Both ends have a flexible ring
used to keep the condom in the vagina. Among typical women use of FC condoms,
about 21 percent will experience an accidental pregnancy in the first year. If these
condoms are used consistently and correctly, about 5 percent of women will
experience pregnancy. Complete information about this contraceptive is available
through a clinician or through the package insert. This condom is large and some
call it unattractive or odd looking. Its size and unattractiveness may decrease
enjoyment of sex. The condom will not work if the man's penis slides in outside of
the female condom. A lubricant may decrease noises. The condom takes practice to
use it right. Some people complain that it is hard to use. It is not available in as
many stores as the male condom and may be hard to find. The female condom is
about three times more expensive than male condoms.

Caya
 This is the new one-size-fits-all diaphragm. Its inserted into the vagina,
just like a tampon, and is placed directly in front of the cervix before sex to
prevent sperm cells from entering. There is no GP appointment needed to fit
it, unlike the diaphragms of yore; the Caya is designed to mould to the shape
of your own vagina, thanks to its contoured design and, if inserted
correctly, makers are claiming that the Caya could be just as effective as the
pill.

Spermicide
 Spermicide is a birth control method that contains chemicals that stop sperm
from moving. Spermicides are available in different forms, including creams, film,
foams, gels, and suppositories. Spermicide can be used alone, or it can be used with
other birth control methods to make them more effective. It is always used with the
diaphragm and cervical cap.
The names a bit of a giveaway. Spermicide comes in the form of a cream, gel
or foam and is applied to another contraceptive device like the diaphragm and
inserted into the vagina. The chemical in the spermicide destroys sperm upon
contact. This should be used with a form of barrier contraception as it only 70-80%
effective when used alone and doesnt protect against STIs. (Perhaps unnecessary)
warning: If youre into super-long, Sting-inspired tantric sex sessions, give this one a
miss; its only effective for an hour.

Contracepti
ve Patch
 The contraceptive patch is a lightweight, thin, flexible, beige-colored patch. It
has three layers: the outer, protective, polyester layer; the medicated, adhesive
layer; and a protective liner which is removed prior to applying the patch. The patch
can be applied to the skin of the buttock, abdomen, upper torso (but not the
breasts), or the outside of the upper arm. Each patch lasts seven days. Women
replace the patch each week for three weeks, then have a seven-day patch-free
week, during which time they begin their menstrual bleeding. During a year of
typical use, eight women will experience pregnancy; with perfect use, only three in
1,000 women will experience pregnancy. For protection against sexually transmitted
diseases, use condoms as well.

Vaginal
Ring
 The ring (NuvaRing) is a small, flexible device that a woman inserts into her
vagina once a month. She leaves it in place for three weeks and takes it out for the
remaining week of her menstrual cycle. The ring releases combined hormones
(estrogen and progestin) to protect against pregnancy. Although no studies have yet
been published, experts believe that the ring will be as effective as the combined
pill: out of 100 typical couples who rely on the ring for contraception, eight percent
of women may accidentally get pregnant. Among women who use the ring perfectly,
less than one percent should get pregnancy.
Must be inserted only once each month; Means you dont have to do anything
at the time of sexual intercourse; Does not require fitting; Frequently causes more
regular, lighter, and shorter periods; Helps prevent menstrual cramping and
premenstrual symptoms as well as headaches and depression; May protect against
medical problems such as ectopic pregnancy, pelvic inflammatory disease (PID),
cysts, and cancer of the ovaries and of the uterus)

Cervical
Shield
The cervical shield (such as Lea's Shield) is a new diaphragm-type device. The
shield is made of silicone, so latex allergy is not a concern. The device comes in one
size only, which makes the fitting process simpler. The shield is a soft silicone cup
with a loop to aid in its removal. It fits snugly over the cervix and is used with
spermicidal jelly or cream. The shield and the spermicide work together. The shield
keeps sperm from moving past the cervix; the spermicide prevents sperm from
moving toward the egg. Among 100 typical couples who use the shield, 15 women
will accidentally get pregnant within a year. [There are no rates for perfect use.]
Users can increase the effectiveness of the shield by making sure the cervix is
covered and by using spermicide. For protection against STIs, couples should also
use condoms.