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English IV (FRI)
The Vocabulary list and the
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Collection of Listening Texts (FRI)

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by Tijana Dabic

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Contents
I Unit 9 At top speed ( p. 88 i 89) - Listening activity...................................................................................2
II Unit 9, Bugatti Veyorn (p. 90 and 91) Reading activity.........................................................................7
III Unit 10 Lifelong learning (p. 98) Reading activity.............................................................................10
IV Unit 10 What our students say about us? (p. 99) Reading activity....................................................11
V Unit 11 Being somewhere else (p.109) Listening activity.....................................................................14
VI Unit 14 Moving abroad (p. 137)- Listening activity..............................................................................16
VII Listening text Unit 9...............................................................................................................................19
VIII Listening text Unit 11............................................................................................................................21
IX Listening text Unit 14...............................................................................................................................23

1
I Unit 9 At top speed ( p. 88 i 89) - Listening activity

Listening 1

advent - dolazak /d.vent/

the fact of an event happening, an invention being made, or a person arriving:
Life was transformed by the advent of the steam engine.

steam para /stim/

the hot gas that is produced when water boils:
Steam rose from the simmering stew.

tremendous ogroman /trmen.ds/

very great in amount or level, or extremely good:
They were making the most tremendous amount of noise last night.

undergo pretrpeti /n.d/ /-do/ (present participle undergoing, past tense underwent, past
participle undergone)
to experience something that is unpleasant or something that involves a change:
She underwent an operation on a tumour in her left lung last year

profound dubok /prfand/

felt or experienced very strongly or in an extreme way:
His mother's death when he was aged six had a very profound effect on him.

immediate hitan, neposredan /mi.di.t/

1 happening or done without delay or very soon after something else:
We must make an immediate response.
2 describes something or someone that is close to, or is a cause of or an effect of, something or someone
else: There are few facilities in the immediate area.
An immediate result/effect of the war was a breakdown of law and order.

shatter razbiti, raspriti /t.r/ /tt ./

1 to (cause something to) break suddenly into very small pieces:
The glass shattered into a thousand tiny pieces. His leg was shattered in the accident.
2 to end or severely damage something:
The book shattered all her illusions about the Romans. Noisy motorbikes shattered the peace

blur nejasan obris, nejasno/maglovoto seanje /blr/

1 something that you cannot see clearly:
If I don't wear my glasses, everything is just a blur. Indistinct and invisible
2 something that you cannot remember or understand clearly:
It all happened so long ago that it's just a blur to me now. The last few days seem to have gone by in a blur.

countryside selo, teritorija van grada, priroda /kn.tr.sad/

land not in towns, cities, or industrial areas, that is either used for farming or left in its natural condition:
The countryside around there is lovely. The mansion is set in 90 acres of beautiful, unspoilt countryside

2
outlying zabaen /atla./
far away from main towns and cities, or far from the centre of a place:
Many of the pupils travel in by bus from outlying areas.

clumsy nespretan /klm.zi/

1 awkward in movement or manner:
The first mobile phones were heavy and clumsy to use, but nowadays they are much easier to handle.

2 describes someone who often has accidents because they do not behave in a careful, controlled way:
That's the third glass you've smashed this week - you're so clumsy!

subtle suptilan, slabo primetan, koji se ne istie /st.l/

1 not loud, bright, noticeable, or obvious in any way:
The play's message is perhaps too subtle to be understood by young children. Indistinct and invisible
2 small but important:
There is a subtle difference between these two plans.
3 achieved in a quiet way that does not attract attention to itself and is therefore good or clever:
a subtle plan/suggestion

regard smatrati, posmatrati /rd/ /-rd/

1 to consider or have an opinion about something or someone:
Local people regard the idea of a motorway through their village with horror.
2 formal to look carefully at something or someone:
The bird regarded me with suspicion as I walked up to its nest.

doubt sumlja /dat/

(a feeling of) not being certain about something, especially about how good or true it is:
I'm having doubts about his ability to do the job.

invention izum /nven.n/

something that has never been made before, or the process of creating something that has never been made
before:
The world changed rapidly after the invention of the phone. a most amazing invention

influence uticaj, uticati (glagol/imenica) /n.flu.ns/

the power to have an effect on people or things, or a person or thing that is able to do this:
Helen's a bad/good influence on him.
He has a huge amount of influence over the city council.

suffer patiti /sf.r/ /-/

to experience physical or mental pain: I think he suffered quite a lot when his wife left him.
She suffers terribly in the winter when it's cold and her joints get stiff.

horrific uasavajui /hrf.k/

very bad and shocking:
a horrific accident/crime horrific injuries

3
Listening 2

athlete sportista /.lit/

a person who is very good at sports or physical exercise, especially one who competes in organized events:
He became a professional athlete at the age of 16.

feat podvig /fit/

something difficult needing a lot of skill, strength, courage, etc. to achieve it:
The Eiffel Tower is a remarkable feat of engineering.

mind-blowing zapanjujui /mandbl./ /-blo-/ informal

extremely exciting or surprising:
The special effects in this film are pretty mind-blowing.

better poboljati, prestii

to be higher in quality, amount etc than someone or something else:

His total of five gold medals is unlikely to be bettered.

grab zgrabiti /rb/ (-bb-)

to take hold of something or someone suddenly and roughly:
A mugger grabbed her handbag as she was walking across the park.

headline naslov
a line of words printed in large letters as the title of a story in a newspaper, or the main points of the news
that are broadcast on television or radio:
The news of his death was splashed in headlines across all the newspapers.

exploit iskoristiti /ksplt/

to use something for advantage:
We need to make sure that we exploit our resources as fully as possible

suspect sumljati /sspekt/

to think or believe something to be true or probable:
So far, the police do not suspect foul play.

be few and far between retko

to be rare:
Jobs are few and far between at the moment.

hype halabuka /hap/ informal

a situation in which something is advertised and discussed in newspapers, on television, etc. a lot in order to
attract everyone's interest:
media hype

achievement postignue /tiv.mnt/

something very good and difficult that you have succeeded in doing:
An Olympic silver medal is a remarkable achievement for one so young.

4
enormous ogroman /n.ms/ /-nr-/
extremely large:
an enormous car/house

devote sth to sth/sb posvetiti /dvt/ /-vot/ verb

1 to give all of something, especially your time, effort, or love, or yourself, to something you believe in or to
a person:
He left government to devote more time to his family.
2 [passive] to use a space, area, time, etc. for a particular purpose:
Over half his speech was devoted to the issue of unemployment.

alter promenuti /l.tr/ /l.tt /

1 to change something, usually slightly, or to cause the characteristics of something to change:
We've had to alter some of our plans.
2 to change the size of clothes so that they fit better:
I took the coat back to the shop to have it altered.

smack udariti /smk/

1 to hit someone or something forcefully with the flat inside part of your hand, producing a short, loud noise,
especially as a way of punishing a child:
I never smack my children. I'll smack your bottom if you don't behave yourself.
2 to hit something hard against something else:
I smacked my head on the corner of the shelf.

Listening 3

interstellar meuzvezdani /n.tstel.r/ /-tt stel./

between the stars:
interstellar space

current trenutni /kr.nt/

of the present time:
Have you seen the current issue of (= the most recently published) Vogue magazine?

entire celo, celokupan /ntar/

whole or complete, with nothing missing:
Between them they ate an entire cake.

feasible izvodljiv /fi.z.bll /

able to be made, done, or achieved:
It may be feasible to clone human beings, but is it ethical?
Achievable possible or reasonable: It's quite feasible (that) we'll get the money.

set off/out krenuti, zapoeti putovanje /set/ (present participle setting, past tense and past participle set)
to start a journey:
What time will we have to set off for the station tomorrow?

treaty sporazum /tri.ti/

a written agreement between two or more countries, formally approved and signed by their leaders:
a peace treaty the treaty on European union

5
prohibit (zvanino) zabraniti /prhb.t/
1 to officially refuse to allow something:
Motor vehicles are prohibited from driving in the town centre.
2 to prevent a particular activity by making it impossible:
The loudness of the music prohibits serious conversation in most nightclubs.

non-starter ideja, plan bez budunosti/ neosnovana ideja , plan /nnst.tr/

an idea, plan, or person with no chance of success:
The proposal was a non-starter from the beginning because there was no possibility of funding.

vast ogroman /vst/ /vst/

extremely big:
A vast audience watched the broadcast.

reach stii, dostii /rit/

1 to arrive at a place, especially after spending a long time or a lot of effort travelling:
We won't reach Miami till five or six o'clock.
2 to make a decision, agreement, etc. about something:
She reached the conclusion that there was no more she could do.

volunteer dobrovoljac, voluntirati (imenica/glagol) /vl.ntr/ /v.lntr/

a person who does something, especially helping other people, willingly and without being forced or paid to
do it:
The Health clinic is relying on volunteers to run the office and answer the phones.

journey putovanje /d.ni/

the act of travelling from one place to another, especially in a vehicle:
It's a two-hour train journey from York to London.

assume pretpostavljati /sjum/ /-sum/

to accept something to be true without question or proof:
I assumed (that) you knew each other because you went to the same school.

confine ograniiti /knfan/

1 to limit an activity, person, or problem in some way:
Let's confine our discussion to the matter in question, please!
2 to keep someone closed in a place, often by force:
The hostages had been confined for so long that they couldn't cope with the outside world.

encounter sresti/susret (imenica/glagol) /nkan.tr/

1 a meeting, especially one that happens by chance:
I had a rather alarming encounter with a wild pig.
2 an occasion when two teams play against each other:
In their last encounter with Italy, England won 32.

crew posada, ekipa, radni tim /kru/

a group of people who work together, especially all those who work on and operate a ship, aircraft, etc.:
an ambulance/lifeboat crew a TV/film/camera crew The aircraft has/carries a crew of seven.

6
degenerate pogorati se /dden..ret/
to become worse in quality:
Educational standards are degenerating year by year because of a lack of funds.

among meu /m/ (also amongst, /mst/ )

in the middle of or surrounded by other things:
I saw a few familiar faces among the crowd. Rescue teams searched among the wreckage for survivors.

7
II Unit 9, Bugatti Veyorn (p. 90 and 91) Reading activity
utter potpuno/u potpunosti /t.r/
complete or extreme:
utter confusion/misery/chaos utter nonsense/rubbish/drivel
The meeting was a complete and utter waste of time.
Complete and whole Very and extreme Lying back in the hot bath was utter bliss.
utterly /t.l.i/ /.tt .li/ adverb

stunning zadivljujui /stn./

extremely beautiful or attractive:
a stunning dress

jaw-dropping zapanjujui /ddrp./

very surprising or shocking:
The jaw-dropping scale of the project has not defeated those involved

rattle kuckati, zatresti /rt.ll / /rtt -/

to (cause something to) make a noise like a series of knocks:
The explosion rattled the cups on the table

obstacle prepreka /b.st.kll /

something that blocks you so that movement, going forward, or action is prevented or made more difficult:
The biggest obstacle in our way was a tree trunk in the road.

windscreen oferajbna /wnd.skrin/ (US windshield, /-ild/ )

the window at the front of a car, truck, etc.

breeze povetarac /briz/

a light and pleasant wind:
a warm/cool breeze She let the gentle breeze cool her face.

sufficient dovoljno

as much as is needed for a particular purpose [= enough; insufficient]:

We can only prosecute if there is sufficient evidence

lift podii /lft/

to move something from a lower to a higher position:
Could you help me lift this table, please?.

tough ilav, jak, snaan /tf/

1 strong; not easily broken or made weaker or defeated:
These toys are made from tough plastic. Physically strong and powerful
2 strong and determined:
Tough new safety standards have been introduced for cars.
There have been calls for tougher controls/restrictions on what newspapers are allowed to print.

8
horrify uasnuti /hr..fa/
to shock someone very much:
This news will horrify my parents

terrify prestraviti /ter..fa/

to frighten someone very much:
The idea of parachuting out of a plane terrifies me.

tricky teko, komplikovano za uraditi /trk.i/

If a piece of work or problem is tricky, it is difficult to deal with and needs careful attention or skill:
Those bird models are quite tricky to make, aren't they?

harness uzde /h.ns/

a piece of equipment with straps and belts, used to control or hold in place a person, animal, or object:
a safety harness a baby harness

harness zauzdati /h.ns/ /hr-/

1 to put a harness on a horse, or to connect a horse to a vehicle using a harness
2 Fastening and tying to control something, usually in order to use its power:
There is a great deal of interest in harnessing wind and waves as new sources of power.

apparent oigledno /pr.nt/

1 able to be seen or understood:
Her unhappiness was apparent to everyone.
2 seeming to exist or be true:
There are one or two apparent discrepancies between the two reports

achieve postii /tiv/

to succeed in finishing something or reaching an aim, especially after a lot of work or effort:
The government's training policy, he claimed, was achieving its objectives.

bod /bd/ /bd/

1 British English spoken a person:

He's a clever bod.

2 informal someone's body:

She's got a lovely bod.

failure neuspeh /fe.ljr/

the fact of someone or something not succeeding:
The meeting was a complete/total failure.
I'm a bit of a failure at making (= I cannot make) cakes.

needle igla /ni.dll /

a thin metal pin, used in sewing, that is pointed at one end and has a hole called an eye at the other end for
thread:
Here, your eyes are better than mine - could you thread (= put thread through) this needle for me?

9
astonishing zauujui /stn../
very surprising:
Her first novel enjoyed an astonishing success.

steady postepen, stabilan /sted.i/

happening in a smooth, gradual, and regular way, not suddenly or unexpectedly:
The procession moved through the streets at a steady pace.
Orders for new ships are rising, after several years of steady decline.

sublime uzvien /sblam/

extremely good, beautiful, or enjoyable:
sublime beauty The book has sublime descriptive passages.

steer upravljati /str/ /str/

to control the direction of a vehicle:
She carefully steered the car around the potholes. This car is very easy to steer.
to take someone or something, or cause them to go, in the direction in which you want them to go: She
steered her guests into the dining room

gearbox menja /.bks/

a metal box containing the gears in a vehicle

capable sposoban /ke.p.bll /

1 able to do things effectively and skilfully, and to achieve results:
She's a very capable woman/worker/judge. We need to get an assistant who's capable and efficient.
Skilled, talented and able capable of sth/doing sth
2 having the ability, power, or qualities to be able to do something:
Only the Democratic Party is capable of running the country.

increase poveati /nkris/

to (make something) become larger in amount or size:
Incidents of armed robbery have increased over the last few years.
The cost of the project has increased dramatically/significantly since it began.
Compare decrease verb smanjiti

require zahtevati, traiti /rkwar/

to need something or make something necessary:
Please phone this number if you require any further information

power station elektrana (US also power plant)

a factory where electricity is produced

judge sudija/suditi (glagol/imenica) /dd/

a person who is in charge of a trial in a court and decides how a person who is guilty of a crime should be
punished, or who makes decisions on legal matters:
a British high-court judge
to form, give, or have as an opinion, or to decide about something or someone, especially after thinking
carefully:
So far, he seems to be handling the job well, but it's really too soon to judge.

10
noise buka /nz/
a sound or sounds, especially when it is unwanted, unpleasant, or loud:
The noise out in the street was deafening.

emission putanje gasova, emisija gasova /m.n/

the act of sending out gas, heat, light, etc.:
Environmental groups want a substantial reduction in the emission of greenhouse gases.
an amount of gas, heat, light, etc. that is sent out:
carbon dioxide emissions

reverse preokrenuti, voziti u rikverc /rvs/ /-vs/

to change the direction, order, position, result, etc. of something to its opposite:
The new manager hoped to reverse the decline in the company's fortunes. Now that you have a job and I
don't, our situations are reversed.

ponder razmiljati /pn.dr/

to think carefully about something, especially for a noticeable length of time:
She sat back for a minute to ponder her next move in the game

stamp lupiti (nogom) /stmp/

to put a foot down on the ground hard and quickly, making a loud noise, often to show anger:
The little boy was stamping his foot and refusing to take his medicine.
She stood by the road, stamping her feet to stay warm.

11
III Unit 10 Lifelong learning (p. 98) Reading activity
ex. 1 and 3

tuition poduavanje, kolarina /tju.n/

1 mainly UK teaching, especially when given to a small group or one person, such as in a college or
university:
All students receive tuition in logic and metaphysics.
2 mainly US the money paid for this type of teaching:
Few can afford the tuition of $12,000 a term.

accommodation smetaj /km.de.n/ /-k.m-/ mainly UK

a place to live, work, stay, etc. in:
There's a shortage of cheap accommodation (= places to live).
We have first and second class accommodation (= seats) on this flight

applicant kandidat /p.l.knt/

a person who formally requests something, especially a job, or a place at college or university:
How many applicants did you have for the job?

anticipate oekivati /nts..pet/

to imagine or expect that something will happen:
We don't anticipate any trouble.
We had one or two difficulties along the way that we didn't anticipate.

recommend preporuiti /rek.mend/

to suggest that someone or something would be good or suitable for a particular job or purpose, or to suggest
that a particular action should be done:
I can recommend the chicken in mushroom sauce - it's delicious. She has been recommended for promotion.

praise pohvaliti /prez/

to express admiration or approval about the achievements or characteristics of a person or thing:
He should be praised for his honesty. My parents always praised me when I did well at school.

ease lakoa, oputenost /iz/

the state of experiencing no difficulty, effort, pain, etc.:
She won the 400 metre race with ease.
at (your) ease relaxed: He felt completely at ease. She soon put/set me at ease (= made me relaxed) .

prior pre /prar/ /prar/

1 formal existing or happening before something else, or before a particular time:
The course required no prior knowledge of Spanish.
2 before a particular time or event: the weeks prior to her death

random nasumino, sluajno /rn.dm/

1 happening, done, or chosen by chance rather than according to a plan:
random checks/tests/attacks We asked a random sample/selection of people what they thought.

12
2 by chance, or without being chosen intentionally:
The winning entry will be the first correct answer drawn at random.

IV Unit 10 What our students say about us? (p. 99) Reading
activity

foundation temelj /fande.n/

the structures below the surface of the ground that support a building:
The foundations will have to be reinforced to prevent the house from sinking further into the ground.

foundation course uvodni kurs/preddmet

a college or university course that introduces students to a subject and prepares them for studying it at a
higher level

degree diploma/dri/
a course of study at a college or university, or the qualification given to a student who has done this course:
"What degree did you do at York?" "Geography."
She's got a physics degree/a degree in physics from Edinburgh

lecture predavanje /lek.tr/ /-t/

a formal talk on a serious subject given to a group of people, especially students:
We went to a lecture on Italian art. Who's giving the lecture this afternoon?

lecturer predava /lek.tr.r/ /-t./ mainly UK

someone who teaches at a college or university:
a senior lecturer a lecturer in psychology

patient strpljiv /pe.nt/

having patience:
Dinner will be ready in half an hour - just be patient! Be patient with her - she's very young.

thoroughly temeljno /r..li/

completely, very much:
I thoroughly enjoyed the performance.

housemate cimer /has.met/

someone you live with in a house but are not related to and do not have a romantic or sexual relationship
with

civil engineering graevinarstvo

the planning and building of things not used for religious or military purposes, such as roads, bridges, and
public buildings
civil engineer someone whose job is to plan and build public buildings, roads, bridges, etc

improve poboljati /mpruv/

to (cause something to) get better:
He did a lot to improve conditions for factory workers.
I thought the best way to improve my French was to live in France.
13
sufficient dovoljno /sf.nt/
enough for a particular purpose: This recipe should be sufficient for five people.

appeal privlaiti /pil/

to interest or attract someone:
I haven't been skiing - it's never really appealed.

attention panja /ten.n/

notice, thought, or interest:
Ladies and gentlemen, could I have your attention, please?
get/attract/catch sb's attention to make someone notice you:
I knocked on the window to get her attention.Paying attention and being careful
pay attention (to sth/sb) to watch, listen to, or think about something or someone carefully or with interest:

manage uspeti, upravljati, rukovoditi/mn.d/

1 to succeed in doing something, especially something difficult:
Did you manage to get any bread? I only just managed to finish on time.
2 to succeed in living on a small amount of money:
After she lost her job, they had to manage on his salary

originally prvobitno /rd..n.li/

first of all:
Originally it was a bedroom, but we turned it into a study.

study skills - vetine uenja

appreciate ceniti, shvatati /pri.i.et/

to recognize how good someone or something is and to value them:
There's no point buying him expensive wines - he doesn't appreciate them.
to understand a situation and realize that it is important:
We appreciate the need for immediate action. how much time I spent preparing this meal.

session predavanja /se.n/ US or Scottish English

at a college, any of the periods of time that a teaching year or day is divided into, or the teaching year itself:
The session begins on 1 October . Access is restricted when school is in session.

daunting obeshrabljujui /dn.t/ /dn.tt /

making you feel slightly frightened or worried about your ability to achieve something:
The country was faced with the daunting prospect of overcoming four decades of division.

invaluable neprocenjiv /nvl.j.bll /

extremely useful:
The new job will provide you with invaluable experience. Such data will prove invaluable to/for researchers.

stead mesto/sted/ in sb's stead formal

in place of someone:
The marketing manager was ill and her deputy ran the meeting in her stead.

stand sb in good stead omoguiti, pruiti mogunost

If an experience stands a person in good stead, it is or will be of great use to them:
Getting some work experience now will stand you in good stead (for) when you apply for a permanent job.
14
decide odluiti /dsad/
to choose something, especially after thinking carefully about several possibilities:
They have to decide by next Friday. I don't mind which one we have - you decide

prospectus prospekti /prspek.ts/

a document giving details of a college, school, or business and its activities:
You will find details of all our courses in the prospectus.

claim tvrditi /klem/

to say that something is true or is a fact, although you cannot prove it and other people might not believe it:
The company claims (that) it is not responsible for the pollution in the river

actually zapravo /k.tu..li/ /-tju-/ /-t.li/

in fact or really: I didn't actually see her - I just heard her voice.
So what actually happened?

facility postrojenje /fsl..ti/ /-.tt i/

a place, especially including buildings, where a particular activity happens:
a nuclear research facility a military facility a new sports facility

willing voljan /wl./

be willing (to do sth) to be happy to do something if it is needed:
If you're willing to fly at night, you can get a much cheaper ticket.

genuine originalni /den.ju.n/

If something is genuine, it is real and exactly what it appears to be:
genuine leather If it is a genuine Michelangelo drawing, it will sell for millions.
If people or emotions are genuine, they are honest and sincere:
He's a very genuine person.

schedule raspored, plan /ed.jul/ /sked-/

a list of planned activities or things to be done showing the times or dates when they are intended to happen
or be done:
a production schedule a hectic/tight (= very busy) schedule
Everything went according to schedule (= as had been planned).

custom obiaj /ks.tm/

a way of behaving or a belief that has been established for a long time: a local/ancient custom [+ to
infinitive]
In my country, it's the custom (for women) to get married in white.
something you usually do:
He left the house at nine exactly, as is his custom.

15
V Unit 11 Being somewhere else (p.109) Listening activity

mosquito /mski.t/ komarac

a small flying insect that bites people and animals and sucks their blood: Some types of mosquito transmit
malaria to humans

rapids /rp.dz/ brzaci

a dangerous part of a river that flows very fast because it is steep and sometimes narrow: They shot (=
travelled through) the rapids in a canoe.

landscape /lnd.skep/ pejza

1 a large area of countryside, especially in relation to its appearance: a rural/barren landscape
The landscape is dotted with the tents of campers and hikers.
2 a view or picture of the countryside, or the art of making such pictures: a watercolour landscape..

bite /bat/ (bit, bitten) zagristi, gristi

1 to use your teeth to cut into something or someone:
He bit into the apple. He bites his fingernails.Biting,
2 chewing and swallowing (When a fish bites, it swallows the food on the hook (= curved piece of wire) at
the end of a fishing line: The fish aren't biting today.

dull /dl/ dosadno

not interesting or exciting in any way:
She wrote dull, respectable articles for the local newspaper.

repellent /rpel.nt/ sredstvo protiv ujeda komaraca

a substance used to repel something: insect/mosquito repellent

grip /rp/ (-pp-) drati vrsto

to hold very tightly:
The baby gripped my finger with her tiny hand.

paddle /pd.ll / veslati

to push a pole with a wide end through the water in order to make a boat move

miserable /mz.r..bll / nesrean, jadan, bedan

1 very unhappy:
She's miserable living on her own.
2 unpleasant and causing unhappiness:
miserable weather What a miserable existence! How could anyone live in such dreadful conditions.

call sb/sth off /kl/ /kl/ otkazati neto ili nekome

to order a dog, or sometimes a person, to stop attacking someone or something:
I shouted to him to call his dog off, but he just laughed at me.

gear (CLOTHES/EQUIPMENT) /r/ /r/ odea, oprema

1 the equipment, clothes, etc. that you use to do a particular activity: fishing/camping gear
Police in riot gear (= protective clothing) arrived to control the protesters.
16
2 informal clothes:
She wears all the latest gear.

committed /kmt.d/ posveen

1 loyal and willing to give your time and energy to something that you believe in:
a committed socialist/Christian/teacher
2 having promised to be involved in a plan of action:
We are committed to withdrawing our troops by the end of the year

never live sth down niko nas nee oprati

to be unable to stop feeling embarrassed about something you have done:
I wish I'd never opened my mouth in the meeting - I'm never going to live it down

hardship /hd.p/ tegoba, potekoa

(something that causes) difficult or unpleasant conditions of life, or an example of this:
economic hardship

beat (HIT) /bit/ (beat, beaten or US also beat) udarati

1 to hit repeatedly:
They saw him beating his dog with a stick. The child had been brutally/savagely beaten.
2 to form a path in an area where long grass or bushes grow closely together, by hitting the plants with your
hands or an object, or by stepping on them:
We beat a path through the undergrowth.

track (PATH) /trk/ staza, ina

1 a path or rough road that is made of soil rather than having a surface covered with stone or other material:
The house is at the end of a dirt/an unmade track.
2 the pair of long metal bars fixed on the ground at an equal distance from each other, along which trains
travel: a ten-mile stretch of track
Passengers are requested not to walk across the tracks.

overwhelming /.vwel.m/ neodoljiv, ogromnan

1 difficult to fight against:
She felt an overwhelming urge/desire/need to tell someone about what had happened.
2 very great or very large:
She said how much she appreciated the overwhelming generosity of the public in responding to the appeal.

chilly (COLD) /tl.i/ hladno, hladnjikavo

(of weather, conditions in a room, or parts of the body) cold:
The bathroom gets chilly in the winter. I felt a bit chilly so I put on a jacket. a chilly October day

wrap /rp/ (-pp-) umotati

1 to cover or surround something with paper, cloth, or other material:
She wrapped the present and tied it with ribbon.
2 to cover someone with a piece of material in order to protect them:
She wrapped the baby in a blanket. He wrapped a towel around his shoulders.

shade (SLIGHT DARKNESS) /ed/ hlad

slight darkness caused by something blocking the direct light from the sun:
The sun was hot, and there were no trees to offer us shade.
17
doubt /dat/ sumlja
(a feeling of) not being certain about something, especially about how good or true it is:
I'm having doubts about his ability to do the job.

dusty /ds.ti/ pranjavo

covered in dust: Heaps of dusty books lay on the floor. We drove along the dusty road.

18
VI Unit 14 Moving abroad (p. 137)- Listening activity

end up /end/ zavriti

to finally be in a particular place or situation:
They're travelling across Europe by train and are planning to end up in Moscow.

settle down /set.ll / navii se, uklopiti se

to become familiar with a place and to feel happy and confident in it:
She quickly settled down in her new house/job/school.

remarkable /rm.k.bll / neverovatan

unusual or special and therefore surprising and worth mentioning:
Nelson Mandela is a truly remarkable man.

custom /ks.tm/ obiaj

a way of behaving or a belief that has been established for
He left the house at nine exactly, as is his custom.

dish /d/ jelo

food prepared in a particular way as part of a meal:
a chicken/vegetarian dish

stay behind /ste/ verb ostati posle (nekog, neega)

to not leave a place when other people leave:
I stayed behind after class.

schooling /sku.l/ kolovanje

education at school:
Jack didn't receive much formal schooling.

unbearable /nbe.r.bll / nepodnoljivo

too painful or unpleasant for you to continue to experience:
All I remember of childbirth was the unbearable pain and the relief when it was all over.

set (sth) up /set/ verb organizovati, sklopiti

to prepare something for use, especially by putting the different parts of it together:
We only had a couple of hours to set up before the exhibition opened.
I need one or two people to help me set up the equipment.

advantage /dvn.td/ /-vn.tt d/ prednost

a condition giving a greater chance of success:
The advantage of booking tickets in advance is that you get better seats.

as far as I am concerned to se mene tie

shortage /.td/ /r.tt d/ manjak

a situation in which there is not enough of something:
There's a shortage of food and shelter in the refugee camps.

19
sheer /r/ ist, poptun
used to emphasize how very great, important, or powerful a quality or feeling is; nothing except:
The suggestion is sheer nonsense.

take sth on /tek/ verb (took, taken) prihvatiti se neega

to accept a particular job or responsibility:
She took too much on and made herself ill.

melting pot lonac pretapanja, mesto susreta, meanja razliitih ideja, ljudi....
a place where many different people and ideas exist together, often mixing and producing something
new:a cultural melting pot
New Orleans is one of the great melting pots of America.

give rise to prouzrokovati neto

to cause something:
International support has given rise to a new optimism in the company.

enrich /nrt/ obogatiti (metaforiki)

to improve the quality of something by adding something else:
Fertilizer helps to enrich the soil.
My life was greatly enriched by knowing her.enrichment

preconception /pri.knsep.n/ predrasuda

an idea or opinion formed before enough information is available to form itcorrectly:
Try to go into the meeting without too many preconceptions about what the othergroup want.

20
VII Listening text Unit 9

Extract One

Interviewer: The advent of the steam train made an enormous

difference to nineteenth-century society iin all sorts of
ways, didn't it, Tom?
Tom: Yes, the change was tremendous. People's entire
conception of the world, the way they related to it and the
way they lived underwent a profound transformation. It
wasn't all immediate, of course, but eventually and to a
very great extent it fashioned the way we live today. It
started with things which we find laughable today such a
people's terror that the trains' vibrations would shatter
their skeletons. When they got onto trains, they found
everything going past in a blur of speed, and that blur is
something which was eventually reflected in the work of
pre-Impressionist and Impressionist painters later in the
century. And over the next hundred years railways had
profound effects on the countryside, making it possible for
people to live there and travel in to work in the cities.
Outlying villages became suburbs and dormitory towns.
And also quite suddenly human beings went for being
comparatively slow and clumsy to being faster than any
other living thing and I think this had a subtle but strong
effect on the way people regarded the natural world.They
began to think they could dominate it by their actions. I
doubt if any other invention has had such a profound
influence on the human psyche.Nineteenth-century
literature and art is full of it.
Interviewer: The early steam trains also suffered some quite horrific
accidents, didn't they?

Recording script

Extract Two

Woman: Do you think there are any limits to the speed people can
run at? I mean, will there ever come a time when athletes
at Olympic events just aren't breaking records any more?
Man: Well,we're already quite close to that stage aren't we?
When athletes broke Olympic records in the past, some of
their feats were mind-blowing. For example, when Bob
Beamon broke the long jump record in 1968 his jump was
55 centimetres longer than the previous record and it
wasn't until 1991 that someone managed to better it. I
21
 can't imagine anyone making such a difference nowadays.
Woman: Although there'll always be those exceptional individuals
who grab the headlines with their exploits.
Man: Though I suspect that they'll be relatively few and far
between. Stukk newspapers and TV have to live off
something and they'll hype a relatively small achievement
into something far bigger than it really is.
Woman: Small achievement! Breaking a record even by a
millisecond is always going to be pretty incredible,
something enormous for the individual who does it.
Man: But when all is said and done, we're pretty close to the limits of human
potential now.
Woman: Maybe. In the past what made a difference was when
sport stopped being for amateurs and people could devote
themselves to it full time, not to mention new technologies
which affected shoe or track design. Perhaps the next big
step forward will be altering genes to produce better
athletes.
Man: Yeah, that used to smack of science fiction, didn't it, but
now it really is looking more and more likely isn't it?
Woman: Yes, and not just better athletes, better everyone!
Recording script

Extract Three

Interviewer: Dr Desai, the difficulties of interstellar travel are enormous,

aren't they?
Dr Desai: Vast. When you think that the nearest star is four-point-two
light years away, a spaceship using current technology
would take seventy-two thousand years to get there. Much
more than the entire known history of this planet.
Interviewer: What are the possibilities of building a spaceship that travels much, much
faster?
Dr Desai: Well, I'd say that with research and development it could
be technically feasible, but it would probably need to be
powered by a nuclear explosion to get it travelling at close
to the speed of light. Building such a craft is certainly not
on anyone's space programme yet. The explosion would of
course have to be set off at a good safe distance from The
Earth, but you have to remember that current treaties
prohibit nuclear explosions in space, so at present is 's a
non-starter.
Interviewer: In your book yu mention non-nuclear technology and in particular a
generational spaceship. Can you explain for listeners exactly what this is?
Dr Desai: Yes, indeed. Given the vast distances and the time
involved, even a very fast spaceship using non-nuclear
technology would take several thousand years to reach
another star.And there are quite a lot of good candidates
22
 not too far away where we have identified planets. This
means that the people volunteering to go on this journey,
assuming that there are volunteers, won't live long enough
to reach their destination, nor will their grandchildren or
their great-grandchildren, but many generations later on.
These people, probably a hundred and fifty or two hundred
of the, will have to live together in a confined space for
thousands of years, travelling through the emptiness of
space to we know not what they will encounter when they
get there.What activities could we find for the crew to do
during all this time? What would be the point of their lives?
And there's always the risk that they could degenerate into
barbarism and fighting amongst themselves like some
small isolated societies here on Earth.
Interviewer: So, are there any realistic prospects for interstellar space travel in the near
future?

23
VIII Listening text Unit 11

Extract One

Woman: It'll be getting dark soon, won't it? What abour over there? That looks
quite a good place to stop and camp for the night, doesn't it?
Man: Maybe.
Woman: Very peaceful.
Man: I doubt if it'll be that. If I'd known about the mosquitoes.
I'd never have come. I was expecting excitement and
rapids and spectacular landscapes and all we're getting
is bitten on a flat river surrounded by dull little trees-
and the mountains are miles away! It's not as if we had
to come here. There were lots of other places wo could
have gone.
Woman: Come on, Don. It's not so bad. If I were you I'd put some
insect repellent on right away just like I've done, and
then they won't bite you. And if you'd just stop griping
for a while perhaps we'd start enjoying ourselves a bit.
Just think about how quiet and peaceful it all is and
what a lovely rest from city life!
Man: Rest! If we'd stayed at home,I'd be resting in front of the
telly right now, instead of paddling up this miserable
river.
Woman: Don!

Extract Two

Man 1 : So, what will we do if the weather turns bad? Just carry
on, or do you think we'd have to call thing off?
Man 2 : Call things off? No way! Not after all the preparations
we've made. Look, we're taking wet-weather gear and
we've got good warm waterproof sleeping bags. I mean,
if things look really bad we can always put things off for
a few days and start a bit later.
Man 1 : OK, but we're not really going at the best time of year, you know.
North-west Spain in winter can be pretty icy.
Man 2 : Of course, but that's all part of it, isn't it? I mean, we've
committed ourselves to this thing so we've got to get
there or else we'll never live it down. I'm sure we'll
make it, I mean, our names will be dirt with all our
sponsors if we don't.And a little hardship never hurt
anyone. It's good for you!
Man 1 : Still, I imagine they'd pay up anyway, even if we didn't get there, don't
you?
24
Extract Three

Interviewer: So, Kate in your book Lessers Known Egqpt you

recommend all sorts of exciting and interesting places
off the beaten tourist track.
Kate: Yes, and for the really intrepid tourist none of them is at all difficult to
get to
Interviewer: Right.
Kate: All you need is a little bit of planning in advance and even that's easy
if you use my book.
Interviewer: You suggest people should go in the winter when the
heat is not so overwhelming, don't you?
Kate: Exactly, and it can even get quite chilly at night, so you
might need something warm to wrap it up in. Mind you,
in the daytime you'll find it's almost always sunny.You
have to do quite a lot of walking over rough ground in
the desert and course there's no shade, so I never went
out without something to cover my head or I'd have got
quite sunburnt. I'd strongly advise other people to do
the same.
Interviewer: And what was the most enjoyable thing you found about travelling
aroud Egypt no your own?
Kate: Without a doubt the people I travelled with. It could all
have beed quite unpleasant otherwise, you know,
waiting for buses in dusty villages and so on, but I found
everyone so kind. You know, they'd make conversation,
invite me to coffee and really help me to get to know
the coutry. Otherwise I wouldn't have enjoyed things
nearly so much. As it was, I felt that I wanted the
journey to go on forever.
Interviewer: Fantastic
Kate: Yes, indeed.

25
26
IX Listening text Unit 14

27
Speaker I was watching this really interesting programme the other day
1: about people who'd come over here to work and had originally
meant to stay just a couple of years, but then ended up meeting
someone and settling down and things.I thought it was quite
remarkable actually because we give the impression of being
rather a nationalistic lot but that doesn't seem to be the case at
all in fact. They went into people's houses and showed us how
they'd been accepted by their in-laws who were adopting all
sorts of new customs and behaviours you wouldn't expect.What
struck me most was seeing their mums-in-law being taught how
to cook new dishes. It was fascinating, a real eye-opener.
Speaker I go to dancing classes every Thursday evening. Anyway, there's
2: a student there, quite a young women, who has only just
recently come to this country and the other day she was really
looking dead tired so I offered to get her a coffee afterwards
and we got talking.Anyway, I found out that she's working here
as a nurse to support her family back home; they've stayed
behind,you see. Apparently, there are lots of other people in the
same situation as her.Her salary here's enough to provide their
schooling,their clothing and all sorts of other things back home.
But she's doing incredibly long hours. Actually, the worst thing
must be being away from your children and family for years on
end! I think I'd find that unbearable.
Speaker My daughter goes to school with this girl, Mariska. Her family
3: has just arrived here. They sit together in class, they're friends,
and they've only been here what seems like a couple of months
or so, but they've already set up a travel agency for people
thinking of visiting their region. They've got all these local
contacts, which is a bit of an advantage, I suppose, but they're
already doing so well that they've even been able to give jobs to
a couple of locals as well. I think that's pretty amazing, don't
you?
Speaker Don't get me wrong, as far as I'm concerned immigration is fine.
4: In fact, I think it's really necessary considering the skills
shortage we've got here. But it does mean that we've ended up
with quite a cultral mix in our office and sometimes it's quite
hard for people to get their ideas across and, you know,sort of
marry up their different approaches to work. I'm continually
surprised by the sheer varity of different takes on a situation
and the different expectations people have. Personally, I think
this sort of intercultural mix is one of the biggest challenges at
work today.
Speaker When I started, everyone was born here and spoke the same
5: language. Now it's real melting pot and that gives rise to no end
of problems, not least with the parents.But you have to be
flexible and turn these things to your advantage and having kids
of five or ten different ethnic backgrounds learining together is a
culturally enriching experience for everyone, including me!
Many of the children who have come from abroad are so
hardworking that it's actually pressuring our local kind to put in 28
more of an effort too. They're getting better results now, which
is just the opposite of what I'd have expected and quite a