A Study of the Correlation between the Ballet Pump Shoes and

Females Foot Health

Cindy Yunitasari
Industrial Engineering Department, Universitas Indonesia, Depok -
16424, Indonesia

ABSTRACT
Modern footwear has been associated with the development of foot pain
and pathology in the ageing adult. Yet this foot health issue does not
seem to alter the footwear purchases made by women, as the footwear
choices are activity specific and participants chose the style and design
of shoes related to the image they wanted to portray. The shoes designs
are significantly changed according to the fashion, but comfort is probably
almost necessity for the upkeep of health specially the human foot. One of
the shoes that are found as a comfortable wearing for womens daily is
ballet pump shoes, since they are designed and constructed in such a
way by taking into account to give free movement more comfort with light
in weight and obsorbtion of moisture.

Keywords: Modern footwear, foot health issue, comfort, ballet pump

shoes

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Significance of the Study

Ballerina pump shoes, also called ballet pump shoes are a type of
ballerina-inspired shoes that have become a staple in women's footwear.
Ballet pump shoes are slipper-like in construction, with a very thin or
completely flat heel, a closed toe and a low cut that reveals the top of the
foot.
The history begins when ballerinas danced in high heels up until
the 1700s. The high heels then were switched to pointe shoes in the
1880s. The pointe shoes was made so many repairs in years that it was
designed to a better version, a popular trending ballet pumps.
Moreover, in June 2010, Daily Express points out a new survey that
shows the average female will buy 469 pairs of shoes in her lifetime with
an overall price tag of about $25,000--or $53 per pair. "The survey of
3,000 women, by Gocompare.com, shows that the average female has
about 19 pairs of shoes - three pairs with heels, six pairs of flip-flops,
sandals, ballet pumps or wedges, three pairs of boots and four pairs of
'foxy-style' shoes for nights out. This survey gives us a fact that females
have higher pairs of ballet pump shoes worn in daily basis than heels,
which leads to a temporary perception of feeling comfort for females to
wearing them.

1.2 Need of the research

Women think that they are doing the right thing by wearing ballet pump
shoes as that shoes give comfort. Therefore, women dont realize
whether that shoes have impacts to their foot health. They are standing
all day wearing that shoes, whereas the shoes have no arch support, no
fastening strap or laces and no shock-absorbing material.

RESEARCH OBJECTIVE
Objectives of the research are as follows:
1. To explore the relationship between wearing ballet pump shoes and
womens foot health
2. To give scientific information from this research as the development of
industries which
produce ballet pump shoes.

LITERATURE REVIEW
Regression analysis is a statistical technique for estimating the
relationship among variables which have reason and result relation. Main
focus of Simple Linear Regression is to analyse the relationship between
a dependent variable (be in Y axis) and one independent variable (be in X
axis) and formulates the linear relation equation between dependent and
independent variable. This results whether the relationship between X
and Y is statistically significant or not. Regression models with one
dependent variable and more than one independent variables are called
Multiple Linear Regression.
In Multiple Linear Regression, an attempt is made to account for
the variation of the independent variables in the dependent variable
synchronically (nver & Gamgam, 1999). The assumptions of Multiple
Linear Regression are normal distribution, linearity, freedom from
extreme values and having no multiple ties between independent
variables. (Byk ztrk, 2002).

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Contoh: Twenty-seven females assessed three different styles of ballet
pump shoe for comfort using a comfort scale whilst walking along a 20 m
walkway. The physical characteristics of the shoes and the progression of
centre of pressure during walking were assessed.
1. Research Design
The research undertaken is a combination of exploratory and descriptive
in nature. Only primary data have been used for the study.
2. Data Collection & Analysis Tool
I will interview the women whom become my respondents by predefined
questionnaire. Then, Linear Regression method is used as the analysis
tool, particularly Multiple Linear Regression. The background of why I
choose this method is it suits well to my research topics,

The regression models of this research will be one dependent variable,

and more than one independent variables. The dependent variable is
womens foot health (The Frequencies of pain along the bottoms of females
feet), while the independent variables are mostly the shoes physical
characteristics as follows; the addition of width caused by the shoes
flexibility (Width Addition), the number of hours for women wearing
ballet pump shoes per day (Wearing Hours), the softness of insoles
material (Softness), the materials stiffness used for the upper part of the
shoes (Stiffness), and the height of heel on the outer sole (Height).

3. Source of Data
The questionnaire was administered on 60 respondents. These
respondents belonged to random females whose age is 20-25 years old.
The level of respondents was 15 female senior students having their last
year in Faculty of Engineering Universitas Indonesia, 15 female
employees in Google Indonesia, 15 , and 15 . The plan is most of the
respondents are interviewed in person, while the other respondents
whose activities are bustled around will have sent their responses via
email.

REFERENCES

http://www.irishexaminer.com/lifestyle/healthandlife/yourhealth/di
d-you-know-that-wearing-flat-shoes-can-actually-damage-your-
feet-276566.html

http://www.glamour.com/story/the-average-woman-spends-almos

Footwear choices made by young women and their potential impact on

foot health
Helen Branthwaite, Nachiappan Chockalingam, Sarah Grogan, Marc
Jones

First Published November 27, 2012