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Overcurrent Protection of Transformers

>600V (NEC450.3A)
1) Unsupervised Location of Transformer
(Impedance <6%)

Unsupervised Location
of Transformer (Impedance <6%)

OverCurrent Protection at Primary Side (Primary Voltage >600V):


Rating of Pri. Fuse at Point A= 300% of Pri. Full Load Current or Next higher
Standard size. or
Rating of Pri. Circuit Breaker at Point A= 600% of Pri. Full Load Current or Next
higher Standard size.
OverCurrent Protection at Secondary Side (Secondary Voltage <=600V):
Rating of Sec. Fuse / Circuit Breaker at Point B= 125% of Sec. Full Load
Current or Next higher Standard size.
OverCurrent Protection at Secondary Side (Secondary Voltage >600V):
Rating of Sec. Fuse at Point B= 250% of Sec. Full Load Current or Next higher
Standard size. or
Rating of Sec. Circuit Breaker at Point B= 300% of Sec. Full Load Current.
Example: 750KVA, 11KV/415V 3Phase Transformer having Impedance of
Transformer 5%
Full Load Current At Primary side = 750000/(1.732X11000) = 39A
Rating of Primary Fuse = 3X39A = 118A, So Standard Size of Fuse = 125A.
OR Rating of Primary Circuit Breaker = 6X39A = 236A, So standard size of CB
= 250A.
Full Load Current at Secondary side = 750000/(1.732X415) = 1043A.
Rating of Secondary of Fuse / Circuit Breaker = 1.25X1043A = 1304A, so
standard size of Fuse = 1600A.
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2) Unsupervised Location of Transformer


(Impedance 6% to 10%)

Unsupervised
Location of Transformer (Impedance 6% to 10%)

OverCurrent Protection at Primary Side (Primary Voltage >600V):


Rating of Pri. Fuse at Point A= 300% of Primary Full Load Current or Next
higher Standard size.
Rating of Pri. Circuit Breaker at Point A= 400% of Primary Full Load Current or
Next higher Standard size.
OverCurrent Protection at Secondary Side (Secondary Voltage <=600V):
Rating of Sec. Fuse / Circuit Breaker at Point B= 125% of Sec. Full Load
Current or Next higher Standard size.
OverCurrent Protection at Secondary Side (Secondary Voltage >600V):
Rating of Sec. Fuse at Point B= 225% of Sec. Full Load Current or Next higher
Standard size.
Rating of Sec. Circuit Breaker at Point B= 250% of Sec. Full Load Current or
Next higher Standard size.
Example: 10MVA, 66KV/11KV 3Phase Transformer, Impedance of Transformer is
8%
Full Load Current At Primary side = 10000000/(1.732X66000) = 87A
Rating of Pri. Fuse = 3X87A = 262A, so next standard size of Fuse = 300A.
OR Rating of Pri. Circuit Breaker = 6X87A = 525A, so next standard size of CB
= 600A.
Full Load Current at Secondary side = 10000000/(1.732X11000) = 525A.
Rating of Sec. Fuse = 2.25X525A = 1181A, so next standard size of fuse =
1200A.
OR Rating of Sec. Circuit Breaker = 2.5X525A = 1312A, so next standard size
of circuit breaker = 1600A.
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3) Supervised Location (in Primary side only) of


Transformer

Supervised Location (in Primary


side only) of Transformer

OverCurrent Protection at Primary Side (Primary Voltage >600V):


Rating of Pri. Fuse at Point A= 250% of Primary Full Load Current or Next
higher Standard size.
Rating of Pri. Circuit Breaker at Point A= 300% of Primary Full Load Current or
Next higher Standard size.
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4) Supervised Location of Transformer


(Impedance Up to 6%)
Supervised Location of
Transformer (Impedance Up to 6%)

OverCurrent Protection at Primary Side (Primary Voltage >600V):


Rating of Pri. Fuse at Point A= 300% of Pri. full load current or next lower
standard size.
Rating of Pri. Circuit Breaker at Point A= 600% of Pri. full load current or next
lower standard size.
OverCurrent Protection at Secondary Side (Secondary Voltage <=600V):
Rating of Sec. Fuse / Circuit Breaker at Point B= 250% of Sec. Full Load
Current or Next higher Standard size.
OverCurrent Protection at Secondary Side (Secondary Voltage >600V):
Rating of Sec. Fuse at Point B= 250% of Sec. Full Load Current or Next Lower
Standard size.
Rating of Sec. Circuit Breaker at Point B= 300% of Sec. Full Load Current or
Next Lower Standard size.
Example: 750KVA, 11KV/415V 3Phase Transformer having Impedance of
Transformer 5%
Full Load Current At Primary side = 750000/(1.732X11000) = 39A
Rating of Primary Fuse = 3X39A = 118A, so next lower standard size of fuse =
110A.
OR Rating of Primary Circuit Breaker = 6X39A = 236A, so next lower standard
size of Circuit Breaker = 225A.
Full Load Current at Secondary side = 750000/(1.732X415) =1043A.
Rating of Secondary of Fuse / Circuit Breaker = 2.5X1043A=2609A, so
standard size of Fuse = 2500A.
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5) Supervised Location of Transformer


(Impedance 6% to 10%)
Supervised Location of
Transformer (Impedance 6% to 10%)

OverCurrent Protection at Primary Side (Primary Voltage >600V):


Rating of Pri. Fuse at Point A= 300% of Pri. full load current or next lower
standard size.
Rating of Pri. Circuit Breaker at Point A= 400% of Pri. full load current or next
lower standard size.
Overcurrent protection at secondary side (Secondary voltage <=600V):
Rating of Sec. Fuse / Circuit Breaker at Point B= 250% of Sec. full load current
or next higher standard size.
Overcurrent protection at secondary side (Secondary voltage >600V):
Rating of Sec. Fuse at Point B= 225% of Sec. full load current or next lower
standard size.
Rating of Sec. Circuit Breaker at Point B= 250% of Sec. full load current or next
lower standard size.
Example: 750KVA, 11KV/415V 3Phase Transformer having Impedance of
Transformer 8%
Full Load Current At Primary side = 750000/(1.732X11000) = 39A
Rating of Primary Fuse = 3X39A = 118A, so next lower standard size of Fuse =
110A.
OR Rating of Primary Circuit Breaker = 4X39A = 157A, so next lower standard
size of Circuit Breaker = 150A.
Full Load Current at Secondary side = 750000/(1.732X415) = 1043A.
Rating of Secondary of Fuse / Circuit Breaker = 2.5X1043A=2609A, so
standard size of Fuse = 2500A.
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Difference in C.B between Supervised &
Unsupervised Location
Here we see two notable conditions while we select Fuse / Circuit Breaker in
Supervised Location and Unsupervised Location.
First notable condition is Primary Overcurrent Protection. In unsupervised location
fuse in primary side is 300% of primary current or Next Higher Standard size and in
supervised location is 300% of primary current or Next Lower Standard size. Here
primary overcurrent protection is same in both conditions (300%), but selecting size of
Fuse/Circuit Breaker is different.
Lets us Check with the Example for 750KVA, 11KV/415V 3Phase Transformer.
Full Load Current At Primary side = 750000/(1.732X11000) = 39A
In Unsupervised Location: Rating of Primary Fuse = 3X39A = 118A, so next
higher standard size = 125A
In Supervised Location: Rating of Primary Fuse = 3X39A = 118A, so next
lower standard size = 110A
Second notable condition is Secondary Overcurrent Protection increased from
125% to 250% for unsupervised to Supervised Location.
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Summary of overcurrent Protection for more


than 600V
Maximum Rating of Overcurrent Protection for Transformers more than 600 Volts
Location Transforme Primary Protection Secondary Protection
Limitations r Rated (More than 600 Volts)
More than 600V Less than
Impedance
600V
C. B. Fuse C. B. Fuse C.B or
Rating Rating Fuse
Any Less than 600% 300% 300 %( NH) 250%(NH) 125%(NH)
location 6% (NH) (NH)
6% To 10% 400% 300% 250%(NH) 225%(NH) 125%(NH)
(NH) (NH)
Supervised Any 300% 250% Not Not Not
locations (NH) (NH) required required required
only
Less than 600% 300% 300% 250% 250%
6%
6% To 10% 400% 300% 250% 225% 250%
NH: Next Higher Standard Size.
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Overcurrent Protection of transformers


<600V (NEC 450.3B)
1) Only Primary side Protection of Transformer

Only Primary side Protection of


Transformer

OverCurrent Protection at Primary Side (Less than 2A):


Rating of Pri. Fuse / C.B at Point A = 300% of Pri. full load current or next lower
standard size.
Example: 1KVA, 480/230 3Phase transformer, full load current at Pri. side =
1000/(1.732X480) = 1A
Rating of Primary Fuse = 3X1A = 3A, so next lower standard size of Fuse = 3A.
OverCurrent Protection at Primary Side (2A to 9A):
Rating of Sec. Fuse / C.B at Point A = 167% of Pri. full load current or next
lower standard size.
Example: 3KVA, 480/230 3Phase transformer, full load current at Pri. side =
3000/(1.732X480) = 4A
Rating of Primary Fuse = 1.67X4A = 6A, so next lower standard size of Fuse =
6A.
OverCurrent Protection at Primary Side (More than 9A):
Rating of Pri. Fuse / C.B at Point A = 125% of Pri. full load current or next
higher standard size.
Example: 15KVA, 480/230 3Phase transformer, full load current at Pri. side =
15000/(1.732X480) = 18A
Rating of Primary Fuse = 1.25X18A= 23A, so next higher standard size of Fuse
= 25A.
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2) Primary and Secondary side Protection of


Transformer

Primary and
Secondary side Protection of Transformer

OverCurrent Protection at Primary Side (Less than 2A):


Rating of Pri. Fuse / C.B at Point A = 250% of Pri. full load current or next lower
standard size.
OverCurrent Protection at Primary Side (2A to 9A):
Rating of Sec. Fuse / C.B at Point A= 250% of Pri. full load current or next lower
standard size.
OverCurrent Protection at Primary Side (More than 9A):
Rating of Pri. Fuse / C.B at Point A= 250% of Pri. Full Load Current or Lower
Higher Standard size.
Example: 25KVA, 480/230 3Phase Transformer, Full Load Current at Pri.
Side=125000/(1.732X480)=30A
Rating of Primary Fuse = 2.50X30A= 75A, So Next Lower Standard Size of
Fuse =70A.
OverCurrent Protection at Secondary Side (Less than 9A):
Rating of Pri. Fuse / C.B at Point B= 167% of Sec. Full Load Current or Lower
Standard size.
Example: 3KVA, 480/230 3Phase Transformer, Full Load Current at Sec.
Side=3000/(1.732X230)=8A
Rating of Primary Fuse = 1.67X8A= 13A, So Next Lower Standard Size of Fuse
=9A.
OverCurrent Protection at Secondary Side (More than 9A):
Rating of Pri. Fuse / C.B at Point A= 125% of Pri. Full Load Current or Higher
Standard size.
Example: 15KVA, 480/230 3Phase Transformer, Full Load Current at Sec.
Side=15000/(1.732X230)=38A
Rating of Primary Fuse = 1.25X38A= 63A, So Next Higher Standard Size of
Fuse =70A.
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Summary of overcurrent Protection for Less


than 600V
Maximum Rating of Overcurrent Protection for Transformers Less than
600 Volts
Protection Primary Protection Secondary Protection
Method
More than 2A to 9A Less than More than Less than
9A 2A 9A 9A
Primary only 125% 167% 300% Not required Not
protection (NH) required
Primary and 250% 250% 250% 125%(NH) 167%
secondary
protection
NH: Next Higher Standard Size.

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