KXEX 2244: Ordinary Differential Equation University of Malaya

Tutorial # 1 Faculty of Engineering

Semester (Session) Sem 2 (2014/15) Dr. Teoh Wen Hui

1. Classify each equation accordingly. Name the dependent and independent variables. An example is
given in (a).

# Equation Dependent Independent Order Linear/ Homogeneous/

variable(s) variable(s) non-linear non-homo/not
applicable

a +2 =0 x t 1 Linear Homogeneous

b +2 +2 =0

c
+ =0

d +2 =

e + + 2 = cos +

f + (sin ) = ln

g + (sin ) + ( + cos ) =

h /
+4 6 +8 =0

i = ( )

j = ( ) + ( )

k + +4 =0

l =

m (sin ) + =0

1
2. Give the general solution for the following differential equations. In each case state the number of
arbitrary constants you expect to find in the general solution. Are your expectations confirmed in
practice? An example is given in (a).

# Equation No. of arbitrary constants General solution

a =4 1 ( )= +

b =

c = + sin 5

d = 2

e = 6

3. For each of the following differential equation problems, state the number of arbitrary constants
you would expect to find in the most general solution satisfying the problem. Find a solution and
check whether your expectations are confirmed.

# Equation No. of arbitrary constants Solution

a =4 , (0) = 2 0 ( )= +2

b = 4 , (0) = 2

c = sin 2 ,

=2, =2

d =4

e = 2 , (0) = 1

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4. State which of the following problems are under-determined (that is, have insufficient boundary
conditions to determine all the arbitrary constants in the general solution) and which are fully
determined. In the case of fully determined problems, state which are boundary-value problems
and which are initial-value problems. [Do not attempt to solve the differential equations.]

# Equations under/fully- Boundary/initial-

determined value problems

a 4 + 2 4 = 0 , (0) = 4

b 2 2
+ 2 = 0, (0) = 0 , (0) = 1 , (2) = 0

c
= sin , (0) = 3

d +4 2 + 4 = , (0) = 1, (2) = 0

e +2 = 4, (0) = 1, (2) = 0

f
+ ( 4) = 0 ,

(0) = 0 , (0) = , (0) = 0

5. Find the general solutions of the following differential equations:

a) = e) = i) = ( 1)
b) =6 f) = (1 + sin ) cot j) = sin
c) = g) =
d) = h) =

6. Find the solutions of the following initial-value or boundary-value problems:

a) = , (0) = 4 d) ( 1) = ( + 1) , (2) = 2
b) = , (4) = 9 e) =( 1) cos , (0) = 2

c) = , (0) = 2 f) = , (0) =

7. A chemical reaction is governed by the differential equation: = (5 ) where x(t) is the

concentration of the chemical at time t. The initial concentration is zero and the concentration at
time 5s is found to be 2. Determine the reaction rate constant K and find the concentration at time
10s.