Professional Documents
Culture Documents
INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Collectors Colony, Chembur, Mumbai 400074
PROJECT REPORT
ON
Analog Pitch Shifter for Musical Instruments
Submitted by :
Ashish Mhatre
Anish Deshpande
Hitendra Mhatre
Vignesh Ramakrishnan
Submitted By :
Ashish Mhatre
Anish Deshpande
Hitendra Mhatre
Vignesh Ramakrishnan
INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERING
In
University of Mumbai
Date:
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The present work is to throw some light on Pitch Shifter
using Signal Conditioning .
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Topics Covered Pg No.
1. Introduction.
6. Applications.
7. Future Development.......................................
8. Bibliography.....
INTRODUCTION
The concept of pitch shifting comes to fore, when various musical instruments need to be
tuned to a common pitch scale, in order to exhibit a coherent musical concert
performance.
This tuning is not always feasible, due to physical constraints faced by each musical
instrument, such as the elastic limit of strings in a string instrument, length of air column
of a wind instrument and the stretchability of drum skins in percussion instruments.
Fortunately, most modern musical concerts use electronic circuits to manage sound
effects and amplification. This leads to a development of pre-amplification and post-
amplification electronic effects. One important pre-amplification effect to allow for a
common scale tuning scheme is electronic pitch shifting. This effect is produced through
complex digital and software based frequency aliasing techniques. The end effect is not
always desirable in live performance scenarios, as high sampling rates produce large
audio latency to compensate for clarity and cost and low sampling rates produce sound
distortion and loss of information affecting instrument timbre.
These disadvantages are forcing audio effect instrumentation to return to the analogue
world for pitch shifting. This mini project implements a low cost analog pitch shifting
circuit consisting of a Frequency to Voltage converter, Voltage Level clamper and
Voltage-to-frequency converter before concert amplification.
FREQUENCY TO VOLTAGE CONVERTER
Features:
This voltage to frequency converter (VFC) circuit uses 555 IC and 741
op-amp as the main components. Up to 20kHz oscillation can be
produced by this circuit. The zero adjustment is used to adjust the lowest
frequency, short the input to ground and adjust this pot to obtain the
lowest frequency limit. This circuit uses symmetric supply +5, 0
(ground), and -5V. The output is a squarewave with the frequency varies
in accordance with the input voltage at 1okHz per Volt conversion.
This is an economical alternative to commercial pitch shifters in low frequencies with negligible
audio latency,(less than human audio latency range) and preserving the original waveform and
hence timbre characteristics of original instrument.
FUTURE DEVELOPMENT
The following features may be incorporated before commercial use of
this circuit for effective coverage of all issues of commercial pitch
shifters.