Vn

fx-500VN PLUS
Bang hng dan s dung

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http://edu.casio.com
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http://edu.casio.com/forum/
 Muc luc
Thong tin quan trong ......................................................... 2
Thao tac mau ...................................................................... 2
Khi au may tnh tay ........................................................ 2
Than trong an toan ............................................................ 2
Than trong x l .................................................................. 2
Bo vo cng ......................................................................... 3
Bat va tat nguon ................................................................. 3
ieu chnh o tng phan hien th ................................... 3
Nhan phm .......................................................................... 3
oc hien th ........................................................................ 4
Dung menu ......................................................................... 5
Xac nh phng thc tnh toan ....................................... 5
Lap cau hnh thiet at may tnh tay .................................. 5
a vao bieu thc va gia tr............................................... 7
Tnh toan thap phan tuan hoan......................................... 9
Chuyen ket qua tnh toan ................................................ 13
Tnh toan c s ................................................................ 14
Tnh ham ........................................................................... 17
Tnh toan thong ke (STAT) .............................................. 20
Tnh toan phng trnh (EQN) ......................................... 23
Tao ra bang so t ham (TABLE) ...................................... 25
Tnh toan bat phng trnh (INEQ) ................................. 26
Tnh t so (RATIO)............................................................. 28
Mien tnh toan, so ch so va o chnh xac .................... 30
Loi ..................................................................................... 31
Trc khi coi may tnh tay lam viec sai... ....................... 33
Thay the pin...................................................................... 33
ac ta ................................................................................ 33
Cau hoi thng gap ......................................................... 34

Vn-1
 Thong tin quan trong
Cac hien th va minh hoa (nh cac nhan phm) c neu trong Tai lieu
hng dan ngi dung nay ch c dung vi muc ch minh hoa, va
co the khac vi cac khoan muc thc te chung bieu dien.
Noi dung cua tai lieu nay la chu e co the b thay oi khong c bao
trc.
CASIO Computer Co., Ltd. khong chu trach nhien vi bat k ai trong
bat k s co nao ve nhng h hong ac biet, phu them, tnh c hay he
lu co lien quan ti hay phat sinh t viec mua hay dung san pham nay
va cac khoan muc i cung no. Hn na, CASIO Computer Co., Ltd. se
khong chu trach nhiem ve bat k li khieu nai thuoc bat k loai nao ve
bat k cai g bi bat k ben nao nay sinh t viec dung san pham nay va
cac khoan muc i cung no.
Hay chac chan la gi tat ca cac tai lieu ngi dung trong tay e tham
khao trong tng lai.

Thao tac mau

Thao tac mau trong tai lieu nay c ch ra bi hnh tng . Khi khong
c noi rieng, tat ca cac thao tac mau eu gia nh rang may tnh tay
c thiet at theo mac nh khi au. Hay dung thu tuc muc "Khi
au May tnh tay" e a may tnh tay tr ve viec thiet at mac nh
ban au cua no.
e biet thong tin ve cac nhan , 1, B, va * c ch ra
trong thao tac mau, xem "Lap cau hnh thiet at may tnh tay."

Khi au may tnh tay

Thc hien thu tuc sau khi ban muon khi au may tnh tay va tr ve
phng thc tnh toan va thiet at cac thiet at mac nh khi au. Lu
y rang thao tac nay cung xoa i tat ca d lieu hien thi trong bo nh
may tnh tay.
(CLR)(All)(Yes)

Than trong an toan

Pin
e pin ngoai tam vi cua tre nho.
Ch dung kieu pin chuyen dung cho may tnh tay nay c neu
trong tai lieu nay.

Than trong x l
Cho du may tnh tay ang van hanh bnh thng, hay thay pin t
nhat mot lan trong vong hai nam.
Pin het co the do r, gay ra h hong va chay sai cho may tnh tay. ng
bao gi e pin het trong may tnh tay.
Pin i cung may tnh co xa ien trong qua trnh giao hang va cat gi.
Bi vay, co the can phai thay the pin nay sm hn tuoi tho thng
c trong i cho pin.
Khong dung pin oxyride* hay bat k kieu pin chnh co nicken vi
san pham nay. S khong tng hp gia nhng pin o va cac ac
Vn-2
 ta san pham co the lam giam tuoi tho cua pin va lam san pham van
hanh truc trac.
Tranh dung va cat gi may tnh tay trong khu vc co nhiet o cc
oan, va moi trng am t va nhieu bui.
ng e may tnh tay b va cham, b ep hay uon cong qua mc.
ng bao gi th thao ri may tnh tay ra.
Dung vai mem, kho e lau ben ngoai may tnh tay.
Bat k khi nao vt bo may tnh tay hay pin, hay chac lam vay tuan
theo luat va qui nh cua khu vc ban .
* Ten cong ti va san pham c dung trong tai lieu nay co the la cac
thng hieu a ang k hay cac thng hieu cua cac chu nhan tng
ng cua chung.

Bo vo cng
Trc khi dung may tnh tay, hay trt vo
cng xuong e bo no ra, va roi gan vo
cng vao ang sau may tnh tay nh c
ve trong minh hoa ben canh.

Bat va tat nguon

Nhan  e bat may tnh tay.
Nhan (OFF) e tat may tnh tay.
T ong tat nguon
May tnh tay cua ban se t ong tat nguon neu ban khong thc hien thao
tac nao trong khoang 10 phut. Neu ieu nay xay ra, nhan phm  e
bat may tnh tay tr lai.

ieu chnh o tng phan hien th

Hien th man hnh CONTRAST bang viec thc hien thao tac sau
(SETUP)A(;CONT). Tiep o dung B va C e ieu
chnh o tng phan, Sau khi thiet at la ung ieu ban muon, nhan
.
ieu quan trong: Neu ieu chnh tng phan hien th khong cai thien tnh
de oc hien th, ieu o co the la nguon pin b yeu roi. Hay thay pin.

Nhan phm
Nhan phm  hay # tiep theo sau la phm th Chc nang thay phien
hai se thc hien chc nang thay phien cua phm sin1 D

s
th hai. Chc nang thay phien c ch ra bi ch
c in tren phm nay.
Bang sau ch ra cac mau khac nhau cua ch tren
phm chc nang thay phien ngha la g. Chc nang in tren phm

Neu ch nhan cua

Ngha la:
phm co mau:
Nhan  va roi nhan phm nay e truy nhap
Vang
vao ham ap dung c

Vn-3
 Nhan # va roi nhan phm nay e a vao
o
bien, hang hay k hieu ap dung c

oc hien th
Hien th cua may tnh tay cho hien cac bieu thc ban a vao, cac ket
qua tnh toan, va cac ch bao a dang.
Bieu thc a vao Ch bao
Math Math

Ket qua tnh toan

Neu mot ch bao  xuat hien ben phai cua ket qua tnh toan, ieu
o ngha la ket qua tnh toan c hien th con tiep tuc sang ben phai.
Hay dung C va B e cuon hien th ket qua tnh toan.
Neu ch bao E xuat hien ben phai cua bieu thc a vao, ieu o ngha
la tnh toan c hien th con tiep tuc sang ben phai. Hay dung C va
B e cuon hien th bieu thc a vao. Lu y rang neu ban muon cuon
bieu thc a vao trong khi ca ch bao  va E cung c hien th, ban
se can nhan  trc het va roi dung C va B e cuon.
Cac ch bao hien th
Ch th nay: Ngha la:
Ban phm so a c dch chuyen bang viec nhan phm
S . Ban phm so se khong dch chuyen va ch bao nay
se bien mat khi ban nhan mot phm.
Phng thc a vao kieu ch a c chon bang viec
A nhan phm #. Phng thc a vao kieu ch se ton tai
va ch bao nay se bien mat khi ban nhan mot phm.
M Co mot gia tr c lu gi trong bo nh oc lap.
May tnh tay ang i a vao mot ten bien e gan mot
STO gia tr cho bien nay. Ch bao nay xuat hien sau khi ban
nhan B (STO).
May tnh tay ang i a vao mot ten bien e nh lai
RCL gia tr cua bien o. Ch bao nay xuat hien sau khi ban
nhan B.
STAT May tnh tay ang trong phng thc STAT.
 n v goc mac nh la o.
 n v goc mac nh la radian.
 n v goc mac nh la grad.
FIX So co nh cac v tr thap phan ang co hieu lc.
SCI So co nh cac ch so co ngha ang co hieu lc.
Math Hien th t nhien c la lam dang thc hien th.
D lieu bo nh ve lch s tnh toan la san co va co the
> c dung lai, hoac co nhieu d lieu tren/di man hnh
hien thi.
Vn-4
 Hien th ang hien nh ket qua trung gian cua tnh toan
Disp
a cau lenh.
ieu quan trong: Vi mot so kieu tnh toan can thi gian thc hien lau,
hien th co the ch cho hien ch bao tren (khong co gia tr nao) trong khi
no ang thc hien cac tnh toan ben trong.

Dung menu
Mot so thao tac cua may tnh tay c thc hien bang viec dung menu.
Nhan  hay E chang han, se hien th menu cac ham ap dung
c.
Sau ay la cac thao tac ban nen dung e dan lai gia cac menu:
Ban co the la mot khoan muc menu bang viec nhan phm so tng
ng vi so ben trai cua no tren man hnh menu.
Ch bao  goc tren ben phai cua menu ngha la co menu khac pha
di menu hien thi. Ch bao > ngha la co menu khac pha tren. Hay
dung AD e chuyen qua cac menu.
e ong menu ma khong la cai g, nhan .

Xac nh phng thc tnh toan

Khi ban muon thc hien kieu thao tac Hay thc hien thao tac
nay: phm:
Tnh toan chung (COMP)
Tnh toan thong ke va hoi qui (STAT)
Giai phng trnh (EQN)
Sinh ra bang so da tren bieu thc (TABLE)
Giai bat phng trnh (INEQ)
Tnh t le (RATIO)
Lu y: Phng thc tnh toan mac nh la phng thc COMP.

Lap cau hnh thiet at may tnh tay

Trc het thc hien thao tac phm sau e hien th menu thiet lap: 
(SETUP). Tiep o, dung A va D va phm so e lap cau hnh thiet at
ban muon.
Thiet at co gach di (__) la mac nh khi au.
MthIO LineIO Xac nh dang thc hien th.
Hien th T nhien (MthIO) lam cho phan so,


so vo t va cac bieu thc khac c hien th

nh chung c viet tren giay.
MthIO: La MathO hay LineO. MathO hien th
cai vao ket qua tnh toan bang viec dung cung dang thc nh chung c
viet tren giay. LineO hien th cai vao theo cung cach nh MathO, nhng
ket qua tnh toan c hien th theo dang thc tuyen tnh.
Hien th Tuyen tnh (LineIO) lam cho phan
so, so vo t va cac bieu thc khac c hien
th tren mot hang.

Vn-5
Lu y: May tnh tay t ong chuyen sang Hien th tuyen tnh bat k khi
nao ban vao phng thc STAT. Trong tai lieu nay, k hieu  ben
canh thao tac mau ch ra Hien th t nhien (MathO), trong khi k hieu 1
ch ra Hien th tuyen tnh.
Deg Rad Gra Xac nh o, radian hay grad la n v goc
cho viec a vao gia tr va hien th ket qua tnh toan.
Lu y: Trong tai lieu nay, k hieu B ng canh thao tac mau ch ra o,
trong khi k hieu * ch ra radian.
Fix Sci Norm Xac nh so ch so e hien th ket qua
tnh toan.
Fix: Gia tr ban xac nh (t 0 ti 9) kiem soat so cac v tr thap phan cho
ket qua tnh toan c hien th. Ket qua tnh toan c lam tron ti ch
so a xac nh trc khi c hien th.
V du: 1 100 7 = 14,286 (Fix 3)
14,29 (Fix 2)
Sci: Gia tr ban xac nh (t 1 ti 10) kiem soat so cac ch so co ngha
cho ket qua tnh toan c hien th. Ket qua tnh toan c lam tron ti
ch so a xac nh trc khi c hien th.
V du: 1 1 7 = 1,4286 101 (Sci 5)
1,429 101 (Sci 4)
Norm: La chon mot trong hai cach thiet at san co (Norm 1, Norm 2)
xac nh ra mien ma ket qua se c hien th theo dang thc khong luy
tha. Ben ngoai mien a xac nh, cac ket qua c hien th bang viec
dung dang thc luy tha.
Norm 1: 102 > |x|, |x|  1010 Norm 2: 109 > |x|, |x|  1010
V du: 1 1 200 = 5 103 (Norm 1)
0,005 (Norm 2)
Aab/c A d/c Xac nh hoac hon so (ab/c) hoac phan so cha
toi gian (d/c) dung e hien th phan so trong ket qua tnh toan.
ACMPLX a+bi ; rQ Xac nh hoac toa o ch nhat (a+bi)
hoac toa o cc (rQ) cho giai phng thc EQN.
ASTAT ON ; OFF Xac nh co hay khong e hien th cot
FREQ trong chng trnh bien soan stat phng thc STAT.
ARdec ON ; OFF Xac nh lieu co hien th ket qua tnh
toan dung dang thc thap phan tuan hoan hay khong.
ADisp Dot ; Comma Xac nh lieu co hien th dau cham
hay dau phay vao v tr dau cham thap phan. Dau cham bao gi cung
c hien th trong khi a vao.
Lu y: Khi dau cham c la lam dau cham thap phan, dau phan cach
cho a ket qua la dau phay (,). Khi dau phay c la, dau ngan cach
la cham phay (;).
A;CONT ieu chnh tng phan hien th. Xem "ieu chnh o
tng phan hien th" e biet chi tiet.

Khi au thiet at may tnh tay

Thc hien thu tuc sau e khi au may tnh tay, se chuyen phng thc
tnh toan sang COMP va chuyen tat ca cac thiet at khac, ke ca thiet at
menu thiet at, ve mac nh khi au cua chung.
(CLR)(Setup)(Yes)
Vn-6
 a vao bieu thc va gia tr
Qui tac a vao c ban
Cac tnh toan co the a vao theo cung dang nh chung c viet. Khi
ban nhan  trnh t u tien cua viec a vao tnh toan se c t ong
tnh va ket qua se xuat hien tren hien th.

4 sin30 (30 + 10 3) = 120

4 Q 30   30
10 3 


*1
2
* *3
*1 Phai a vao dau ngoac tron ong cho sin, sinh va cac ham khac co
cha dau ngoac tron.
*2 Nhng k hieu nhan () co the c bo i. K hieu nhan co the c
bo i khi no xuat hien ngay trc mot dau ngoac tron m, ngay trc
sin hay ham khac co cha dau ngoac tron, ngay trc ham Ran# (so
ngau nhien), hay ngay trc bien (A, B, C, D, E, F, M, X, Y), P hay
e.
*3 Dau ngoac tron ong ngay trc phep toan  co the c bo i

V du a vao va bo cac phep toan *2 va *3 trong v du tren



4 Q 30  30
10 3 

Lu y: Neu tnh toan tr nen dai hn chieu rong man hnh trong khi a
vao, man hnh se t ong cuon sang ben phai va ch bao ; se xuat hien
tren hien th. Khi ieu nay xay ra, ban co the cuon lai sang ben trai bang
viec dung B va C e di chuyen con chay. Khi Hien th tuyen tnh c
la, nhan D se lam cho con chay nhay len cho bat au cua tnh toan,
con nhan A se lam cho con chay nhay ve cuoi. Khi Hien th t nhien
c la, nhan C trong khi con chay cuoi cua tnh toan a vao se
lam cho no nhay ve cho bat au, trong khi nhan B khi con chay cho
bat au se lam cho no nhay ve cuoi. Ban co the a vao ti 99 bytes
cho mot tnh toan. Tng con so, k hieu, hay ham thng dung mot byte.
Mot so ham oi hoi ti 13 byte. Con chay se thay oi hnh dang sang I
khi co 10 byte hay t hn cua phan con lai c phep a vao. Neu ieu
nay xay ra, hay ket thuc viec a vao tnh toan roi nhan .

Trnh t u tien tnh toan

Trnh t u tien cua tnh toan a vao c tnh theo qui tac di ay.
Khi u tien cua hai bieu thc la nh nhau, tnh toan c thc hien t
trai sang phai.
Th
nhat Bieu thc trong dau ngoac tron

Th Cac ham yeu cau oi ben phai va dau ngoac tron ong ")"
hai theo sau oi
Th Cac ham co i theo sau gia tr a vao (x2, x3, x1, x!, , , r, g,
ba %), luy tha (x9), can (
)

Vn-7
 Th
t Phan so

Dau am ()
Lu y: Khi bnh phng mot gia tr am (nh 2), gia tr c
bnh phng phai c bao trong ngoac tron ( 2 7;
Th
). V x2 co u tien cao hn dau am, viec a vao  2 7;
nam
 se gay ra viec bnh phng 2 va do o gan them dau am
vao ket qua. Bao gi cung hay lu tam ti trnh t u tien, va
bao cac gia tr am trong ngoac tron khi c yeu cau.
Th
Cac gia tr c c lng theo phng thc STAT (K, L, K1, K2)
sau
Th
Phep nhan cho dau phep nhan b bo i
bay
Th
Phep hoan v (nPr), phep to hp (nCr)
tam
Th
Phep nhan, phep chia (, )
chn
Th
Phep cong, phep tr (+, )
mi

a vao bang hien th t nhien

La chon Hien th t nhien lam cho co kha nang a vao va hien th cac
phan so va nhng ham nao o (log, x2, x3, x9, , ,
, x1, 109, e9,
Abs) nh chung c viet trong sach giao khoa cua ban.
2+'
2 
1+'
2


 2
2 CC 1
2 

ieu quan trong: Mot so kieu bieu thc co the lam cho chieu cao cua
cong thc tnh toan ln hn mot dong hien th. Chieu cao cho phep toi
a cua mot cong thc tnh toan la hai man hnh hien th (31 cham 2).
a vao them na se tr thanh khong the c neu chieu cao cua tnh
toan ban a vao vt qua gii han c phep. Viec long cac ham
va cac dau ngoac la c phep. Viec a vao them na se tr thanh
khong the c neu ban long qua nhieu ham va/hoac cac dau ngoac.
Neu ieu nay xay ra, hay chia tnh toan thanh nhieu phan va tnh tng
phan mot cach tach biet.
Lu y: Khi ban nhan  va thu c ket qua tnh toan bang viec dung
Hien th t nhien, mot phan cua bieu thc ban a vao co the b cat mat.
Neu ban can xem lai toan bo bieu thc a vao, nhan  va roi dung
B va C e cuon bieu thc a vao.

Dung gia tr va bieu thc lam oi

(ch Hien th t nhien)
Gia tr hay bieu thc ban a a vao co the c dung nh oi cua mot
7
ham. Sau khi ban a a vao chang han 6 , ban co the lam no thanh
oi cua , tao thanh ' 7 .
6

Vn-8
 a vao 1 + 7 va roi oi no thanh 1+
6 '7
6



1
76


BBBB)(INS)



Nh ch ra tren, gia tr hay bieu thc ben phai cua con chay sau khi
) (INS) c nhan tr thanh oi cua ham c xac nh tiep o.
Mien c bao quanh nh oi la moi th cho ti dau m ngoac au tien
ben phai, neu nh co, hay moi th cho ti ham au tien ben phai
(sin(30), log2(4), v.v.).
Kha nang nay co the c dung cung vi cac ham sau: , ,
(
), :(), 7(), , , (), .

Phng thc a vao ghi e (ch Hien th tuyen tnh)

Ban co the la hoac phng thc a vao chen them hoac ghi e, nhng
ch khi che o Hien th tuyen tnh c la. Trong phng thc ghi e,
van ban ban a vao thay the cho van ban v tr con chay. Ban co the
chuyen qua lai gia cac phng thc chen them va ghi e bang viec thc
hien thao tac: ) (INS). Con chay xuat hien nh I trong phng
thc chen them va nh trong phng thc ghi e.
Lu y: Hien th t nhien bao gi cung dung phng thc chen them, cho
nen thay oi dang thc hien th t Hien th tuyen tnh sang Hien th t
nhien se t ong chuyen vao phng thc chen them.

Sa cha va xoa bieu thc

Xoa mot k t hay ham: Chuyen con chay e no nam trc tiep ngay ben
phai cua k t hay ham ban muon xoa, va roi nhan ). Trong phng
thc ghi e, chuyen con chay e cho no nam trc tiep di k t hay ham
ban muon xoa, va roi nhan ).
e chen mot k t hay ham vao tnh toan: Dung B va C e chuyen
con chay ti v tr ban muon chen k t hay ham nay va roi a no vao.
Bao gi cung hay chac chan dung phng thc chen neu Hien th tuyen
tnh c la.
Xoa tat ca tnh toan ban ang a vao: Nhan .

Tnh toan thap phan tuan hoan

May tnh tay cua ban dung so thap phan tuan hoan khi ban a vao gia
tr. Ket qua tnh toan cung co the c hien th bang viec dung dang thc
thap phan tuan hoan bat k khi nao ap dung c.

a vao so thap phan tuan hoan

Khi a vao so thap phan tuan hoan, nhan 7(( I )) trc khi a
vao dau cham cua no va roi a vao dau cham cho gia tr ket thuc. e
a vao so thap phan tuan hoan 0.909090...(0.(90)), thc hien thao tac
sau: "0 7(( I )) 90".

Vn-9
ieu quan trong: Neu gia tr bat au bang phan nguyen (nh:
12,3123123...), ng a phan nguyen vao khi a vao chu k (12,(312)).
a vao so thap phan tuan hoan la co the ch khi Hien th t nhien
c la.

e a vao 0.33333... (0.(3)) 





7(( I ))



e a vao 1.428571428571... (1.(428571)) 



1 7(( I ))



428571

e tnh 1,(021) + 2,(312) 


1 7(( I )) 021C

2 7(( I )) 312


Ket qua tnh toan c hien th nh
gia tr thap phan tuan hoan: 5

Lu y: Ban co the xac nh ti 14 v tr thap phan cho chu k thap phan

tuan hoan. Neu ban a vao nhieu hn 14 v tr thap phan, gia tr nay se
b x l nh so thap phan ket thuc va khong phai la phan so thap phan
tuan hoan. a vao gia tr thap phan tuan hoan co the c thc hien
bat ke thiet at Rdec tren menu thiet at.

Hien th ket qua tnh toan nh gia tr thap phan

tuan hoan
Ket qua tnh toan co the c hien th nh gia tr thap phan tuan hoan
se c hien th nh vay khi ON c la cho thiet at Rdec tren menu
thiet at. Nhan phm 5 se quay vong gia cac dang thc ket qua tnh
toan nh c neu di ay.

Vn-10
 Phan so So thap phan tuan hoan

Gia tr thap phan tng ng cho thiet at hien th

(Norm, Fix, Sci)

hay

Gia tr thap phan tng ng cho thiet at hien th

(Norm, Fix, Sci)

So thap phan tuan hoan Phan so

1 = 0,(142857) = 0,1428571429 (Norm 1) 

7



17



Hien th nh so thap phan tuan hoan: 5



Gia tr thap phan tng ng vi thiet at

5
Norm 1:



Tr lai dang thc hien th ban au

5
(phan so):

1 7 = 1 = 0,(142857) = 0,1428571429 (Norm 1) 

7



1  7 



Hien th nh phan so: 5



Hien th nh so thap phan tuan hoan: 5


Tr lai dang thc hien th ban au
5
(Norm 1):

Vn-11
 1 = 0,(142857) = 0,1428571429 (Norm 1) 1
7

17

Hien th nh so thap phan tuan hoan: 5

Gia tr thap phan tng ng vi thiet

at Norm 1: 5

Cho lai dang thc hien th ban au

5
(phan so):

1 7 = 0,1428571429 (Norm 1) = 0,(142857) = 1 1

7

17

Hien th nh phan so: 5

Hien th nh so thap phan tuan hoan: 5

Tr lai dang thc hien th ban au

5
(Norm 1)

ieu kien hien th ket qua tnh toan nh so thap

phan tuan hoan
Neu ket qua tnh toan thoa man cac ieu kien sau, nhan 5 se hien th
no nh gia tr thap phan tuan hoan.
Tong so ch so c dung trong phan so co hon so (ke ca so nguyen,
t so, mau so, va k hieu phan tach) phai khong qua 10.
Kch c d lieu cua gia tr c hien th nh so thap phan tuan hoan phai
khong ln hn 99 bytes. Tng gia tr va dau cham thap phan yeu cau
mot byte, va tng ch so cua phan tuan hoan yeu cau mot byte. Chang
han so sau ay se yeu cau toan bo 8 byte (4 byte cho gia tr, 1 byte cho
dau cham thap phan, 3 byte cho phan tuan hoan): 0,(123)

Vn-12
Lu y: e biet thong tin ve viec chuyen dang thc hien th cua ket qua
tnh toan khi OFF c la cho thiet at Rdec tren menu thiet at, xem
"Chuyen ket qua tnh toan".

V du ve so thap phan tuan hoan

0,(3) + 0,(45) = 0,(78) 


0 7(( I )) 3 C

0 7(( I )) 45 5

1,(6) + 2,(8) = 4,(5) 


1 7(( I )) 6 C

2 7(( I )) 8 5

e xac nhan ieu sau: 0,(123) = 123 , 0,(1234) = 1234 ,

999 9999
0,(12345) = 12345 
99999


123  999 





1234  9999 





12345  99999 



Chuyen ket qua tnh toan

Khi Hien th t nhien c la, moi lan nhan 5 se chuyen ket qua tnh
toan c hien th hien tai sang dang thc phan so va dang thc thap
phan cua no, dang thc can  va dang thc thap phan cua no, hay
dang thc P va dang thap phan cua no.

Vn-13
 P 6 = 1
= 0,5235987756 
6
 (P) 6  1
f 0.5235987756
6

2 + 2) '
(' 3 ='
6 + 2'
3 = 5,913591358 
 2 C
2  3  '
6 + 2'
3 f 5.913591358

Khi Hien th tuyen tnh c la, tng viec nhan 5 se chuyen ket qua tnh
toan hien thi sang cac dang thap phan va dang phan so cua no.

1 5 = 0,2 = 1 1
5
15 0.2 f 1Y5

1 4 = 1 = 0,2 1
5 5
145 1Y5 f 0.2

ieu quan trong: Tuy theo kieu tnh toan ang tren man hien th khi
ban nhan phm 5, qua trnh chuyen oi co the mat mot chut thi gian
e thc hien. Vi mot so ket qua tnh toan, nhan phm 5 se khong
chuyen oi gia tr a hien th. Khi ON c la cho Rdec tren menu
thiet lap, nhan 5 se chuyen ket qua tnh toan sang dang thap phan
tuan hoan. e biet chi tiet, xem "Tnh toan thap phan tuan hoan". Ban
khong the chuyen t dang thap phan sang dang hon so neu tong cac
ch so trong hon so (gom ca so nguyen, t so, mau so va cac k hieu
phan tach) la ln hn 10.
Lu y: Vi Hien th t nhien (MathO), nhan  thay v  sau khi
a vao mot tnh toan se hien th ket qua tnh toan di dang thap phan.
Nhan 5 sau o se chuyen ket qua tnh toan sang dang thap phan tuan
hoan, dang phan so hay dang P. Dang  cua ket qua se khong xuat
hien trong trng hp nay.

Tnh toan c s
Tnh toan phan so
Lu y rang phng phap a vao la khac nhau, tuy theo lieu ban ang
dung Hien th t nhien hay Hien th tuyen tnh.
2 + 1 = 7  2  3 C
1  2  7
3 2 6 6
hay  2 A 3 C
 1 A 2  7
6
1 23
12 7Y6
1 = 1  4 () 3 C 1 A 2  1
43
2 2 2
1 4312 1Y2

Vn-14
Lu y: Phan so co hon so va gia tr thap phan trong mot tnh toan khi
Hien th tuyen tnh c la se gay ra ket qua c hien th nh gia tr
thap phan. Phan so trong ket qua tnh toan c hien th sau khi c
rut gon ve dang nho nhat cua chung.
e chuyen ket qua tnh toan gia phan so khong toi gian va dang
phan so hon so: Thc hien thao tac chu chot sau 5()
e chuyen ket qua tnh toan gia phan so va dang thap phan:
Nhan 5.

Tnh phan tram

a vao mot gia tr va nhan  (%) lam cho gia tr a vao tr
thanh so phan tram.

150 20% = 30 150 20 (%) 30

Tnh phan tram nao cua 880 la 660. (75%)
660  880 (%) 75
Tang 2500 len 15%. (2875)
2500
2500 15 (%) 2875
Giam 3500 i 25%. (2625)
3500  3500 25 (%) 2625

Tnh toan o, phut, giay (he sau mi)

Thc hien phep cong hay tr gia cac gia tr he sau mi, hay phep nhan
va chia gia cac gia tr he sau mi va gia tr thap phan se lam cho ket
qua c hien th theo gia tr he sau mi. Ban cung co the chuyen oi
gia he sau mi va thap phan. Sau ay la dang thc a vao cho gia
tr he sau mi: {o}  {phut}  {giay} .
Lu y: Ban bao gi cung phai a vao cai g o cho o va phut, cho
du no la khong.

22030 + 3930 = 30000

2  20  30 
0  39  30  300
Chuyen 21518 sang dang tng ng thap phan.
2  15  18  21518
(Chuyen oi he sau mi sang thap phan.)  2.255
(Chuyen oi he thap phan sang he sau mi.)  21518

a cau lenh
Ban co the dung k t hai cham (:) e noi hai hay nhieu bieu thc va thc
hien chung t trai sang phai khi ban nha .

3+3:33 3
3# (:) 3 3  6
 9

Dung k phap k nghe

Mot thao tac phm n gian bien oi gia tr c hien th sang k phap
k nghe.
Vn-15
 Bien oi gia tr 1234 sang k phap k nghe, dch chuyen dau cham
thap phan sang phai.
1234  1234
' 1.234103
' 1234100

Bien oi gia tr 123 sang k phap k nghe, dch chuyen dau cham
thap phan sang trai.
123  123
'(k) 0.123103
'(k) 0.000123106

Lch s tnh toan

Trong Phng thc COMP, may tnh tay nh xap x 200 byte d lieu cho
tnh toan mi nhat. Ban co the cuon qua noi dung lch s tnh toan bang
viec dung D va A.

1+1=2 1
1 2
2+2=4 2
2 4
3+3=6 3
3 6
(Cuon ngc lai.) D 4
(Cuon ngc lai na.) D 2
Lu y: D lieu lch s tnh toan tat ca eu b xoa khi ban nhan , khi
ban thay oi phng thc tnh toan khac, khi ban thay oi dang thc hien
th, hay bat k khi nao ban thc hien thao tac at lai reset.

Chay lai
Khi ket qua tnh toan ang tren man hien th, ban co the nhan B va C
e sa oi bieu thc ban a dung cho tnh toan trc.

4 3 + 2,5 = 14,5 1 4 3
2.5  14.5
4 3 7,1 = 4,9 (Tiep tuc) B)))) 7.1  4.9
Lu y: Neu ban muon sa mot tnh toan khi ch bao  ang ben phai
cua hien th ket qua tnh toan (xem "oc hien th"), nhan  va roi dung
B va C e cuon tnh toan.

Bo nh tra li (Ans)
Ket qua tnh toan cuoi cung thu c la c lu trong bo nh Ans (tra
li). Noi dung bo nh Ans c cap nhat bat k khi nao ket qua tnh toan
mi c hien th.

e chia ket qua cua 3 4 cho 30 1

3 4

(Tiep tuc)  30 

Vn-16
 123 + 456 = 579  123
456 


789 579 = 210
(Tiep tuc) 789 

Cac bien (A, B, C, D, E, F, X, Y)

May tnh tay cua ban co tam bien at san co ten la A, B, C, D, E, F, X
va Y. Ban co the gan gia tr cho cac bien va cung co the dung cac bien
nay trong tnh toan.

e gan ket qua cua 3 + 5 cho bien A

3
5 B(STO)E(A) 8
e nhan noi dung cua bien A vi 10
(Tiep tuc) #E(A) 10  80
e nh lai noi dung cua bien A (Tiep tuc) BE(A) 8
e xoa noi dung cua bien A 0 B(STO)E(A) 0

Bo nh oc lap (M)
Ban co the cong ket qua tnh toan hay tr ket qua t bo nh oc lap.
Ch "M" xuat hien tren man hien th khi co gia tr khac khong c lu
trong bo nh oc lap.

e xoa noi dung cua M 0 B(STO)J(M) 0

e cong ket qua cua 10 5 vao M (Tiep tuc) 10 5 J 50
e tr ket qua cua 10 + 5 t M
(Tiep tuc) 10
5 J(M) 15
e nh noi dung cua M (Tiep tuc) BJ(M) 35
Lu y: Bien M c dung cho bo nh oc lap.

Xoa noi dung cua moi bo nh

Bo nh Ans, bo nh oc lap, va noi dung bien c duy tr cho du ban
nhan , thay oi phng thc tnh toan, hay tat may tnh. Hay thc hien
thu tuc sau khi ban muon xoa noi dung cua tat ca cac bo nh.
(CLR)(Memory)(Yes)

Tnh ham
Vi cac thao tac thc tai dung tng ham, xem muc "V du" theo sau
danh sach di ay.

: P c hien th la 3,141592654, nhng P = 3,14159265358980 c
dung cho tnh toan noi bo.

Vn-17
e : e c hien th la 2,718281828, nhng e = 2,71828182845904 c
dung cho tnh toan noi bo.
sin, cos, tan, sin1, cos1, tan1 : Cac ham lng giac. Xac nh n v goc
trc khi thc hien tnh toan. Xem 1.

sinh, cosh, tanh, sinh1, cosh1, tanh1 : Cac ham hyperbolic. a vao
ham t menu xuat hien khi ban nhan E. Thiet at n v goc khong anh
hng ti tnh toan. Xem 2 .
, r, g : Cac ham nay xac nh n v goc. xac nh o, r radian, va g grad.
a vao mot ham t menu xuat hien khi ban thc hien thao tac phm
sau: (DRG). Xem 3 .
,  : Ham luy tha. Lu y rang phng phap a vao la khac nhau
tuy thep lieu ban ang dung Hien th t nhien hay Hien th tuyen tnh.
Xem 4 .
log : Ham lo ga rit. Dung phm : e a vao logab nh log(a, b). C
so 10 la thiet at mac nh neu ban khong a vao cai g cho a. Phm
 cung co the c dung cho a vao, nhng ch khi Hien th t nhien
c la. Trong trng hp nay, ban phai a vao mot gia tr cho c
so. Xem 5 .
ln : Lo ga rit t nhien c so e. Xem 6.
x2, x3, x9, , ,
, x1 : Luy tha, can, va lay nghch ao. Lu y rang
phng phap a vao cho x9, , , va
la khac nhau tuy theo lieu
ban dung Hien th t nhien hay Hien th tuyen tnh. Xem 7.
Lu y: Cac ham sau khong the c a vao theo trnh t ke tiep: x2, x3,
x9, x1. Neu ban a vao 2 77 chang han, 7 cuoi cung se b bo qua.
2
e a vao 22 , a vao 2 7, nhan phm B va roi nhan 7().
Pol, Rec : Pol chuyen oi toa o ch nhat sang toa o cc, trong khi Rec
chuyen oi toa o cc sang toa o ch nhat. Xem 8 .
Pol(x, y) = (r, Q) Rec(r, Q) = (x, y)
Xac nh n v goc trc khi
thc hien tnh toan.
Ket qua tnh toan cho r va Q va
cho x va y tng phan t c
gan tng ng cho cac bien X
Toa o ch nhat Toa o cc (Pol)
va Y. Ket qua tnh toan Q c
(Rec) hien th trong pham vi 180
< Q  180
x ! : Ham giai tha. Xem 9 .
Abs : Ham gia tr tuyet oi. Lu y rang phng phap a vao la khac
nhau tuy theo lieu ban dung Hien th t nhien hay Hien th tuyen tnh.
Xem 10 .
Ran# : Sinh ra so gia ngau nhien 3 ch so be hn 1. Ket qua c hien
th nh phan so khi Hien th t nhien c la. Xem 11 .
RanInt# : Lam cai vao cua ham co dang RanInt#(a, b), ham sinh ra so
nguyen ngau nhien ben trong pham vi a ti b. Xem 12 .
nPr, nCr : Ham hoan v (nPr) va ham to hp (nCr). Xem 13 .

Vn-18
Rnd : oi cua ham nay c tao nen t gia tr thap phan va roi c lam
tron tng ng vi so hien thi cua thiet at cac ch so hien th (Norm,
Fix, hay Sci). Vi Norm 1 hay Norm 2, oi c lam tron ti 10 ch so.
Vi Fix va Sci, oi c lam tron ti ch so a xac nh. Khi Fix 3 la thiet
at ch so hien th chang han, ket qua cua 10 3 c hien th la 3,333,
trong khi may tnh tay van gi gia tr 3,33333333333333 (15 ch so) ben
trong cho tnh toan. Trong trng hp cua Rnd(10 3) = 3,333 (vi Fix
3), ca hai gia tr c hien th va gia tr ben trong cua may tnh tay eu
tr thanh 3,333. Bi v ieu nay mot chuoi cac tnh toan se tao ra cac ket
qua khac nhau tuy theo lieu Rnd c dung (Rnd(10 3) 3 = 9,999)
hay khong c dung (10 3 3 = 10,000). Xem 14 .
Lu y: Dung cac ham co the lam cham viec tnh toan, ieu co the lam
tre hien th ket qua. ng thc hien thao tac ke tiep nao trong khi ch
i ket qua tnh toan xuat hien. e ngat tnh toan ang dien ra trc khi
ket qua xuat hien, nhan .

V du
1 sin 30= 0,5 1B Q 30  0.5
sin10,5 = 30 1B Q(sin1) 0.5  30

2 sinh 1 = 1,175201194 E@(sinh) 1  1.175201194

cosh1 1 = 0 ED(cosh1) 1  0

3 P/2 radians = 90, 50 grads = 45 B

 (P) 2 (DRG)A(r) 90
50 (DRG)B(g) 45

4 e tnh toan e52 ti ba ch so co ngha (Sci 3)

(SETUP)(Sci)
 7() 5 C 2  2.97102
1 7() 5  2  2.97102

5 log101000 = log 1000 = 3 : 1000  3

log216 = 4 : 2 (,) 16  4
  2 C 16  4

6 e tnh ln 90 (= loge 90) ti ba ch so co ngha (Sci 3)

(SETUP)(Sci) 7 90  4.50100

7 1,2 103 = 1200  1.2 10  3  1200

(1+1)2+2 = 16   1
1  2
2  16
(52)3 = 15625  5 V  15625
5
32 = 2  (
) 5 C 32  2
1 5(
) 32  2
e tnh '
2 3 (= 3'
2 = 4,242640687...) ti ba v tr thap phan
(Fix 3)

Vn-19
(SETUP)(Fix)  2 C 3  3' 2
 4.243
1 2  3  4.243

8 2, '
e chuyen oi toa o ch nhat (' 2 ) sang toa o cc B
 
(Pol) 2 C(,) 2 C r=2,Q=45
1 
(Pol) 2 (,) 2  r= 2
Q= 45
e chuyen oi toa o cc ('
2 , 45) sang toa o ch nhat B
 (Rec) 2 C(,) 45  X=1, Y=1
9 (5 + 3) ! = 40320  5
3 (x!) 40320

10 |2 7| 2 = 10
  2  7 C 2  10
1  2  7  2  10

11 e thu c so nguyen ba ch so ngau nhien

1000  (Ran#) 459
 48
 117
(Ket qua c neu ay ch vi muc ch minh hoa. Ket qua thc se khac.)

12 e sinh ra so nguyen ngau nhien trong pham vi 1 ti 6

# (RanInt) 1 (,) 6  2
 6
 1
(Ket qua c neu ay ch vi muc ch minh hoa. Ket qua thc se khac.)

13 e xac nh so cac hoan v va to hp co the khi la bon ngi t

mot nhom 10 ngi
Hoan v: 10  (nPr) 4  5040
To hp: 10 (nCr) 4  210

14 e thc hien cac tnh toan sau ay khi Fix 3 c la cho so cac
ch so hien th: 10 3 3 va Rnd(10 3) 3 1
(SETUP)(Fix) 10  3 3  10.000
(Rnd) 10  3  3  9.999

Tnh toan thong ke (STAT)

e bat au tnh toan thong ke, hay thc hien thao tac phm (STAT)
e a vao phng thc STAT va roi dung man hnh xuat hien e la
kieu tnh toan ban muon thc hien.

Vn-20
 e la kieu tnh toan thong ke:
(Cong thc hoi qui c neu trong ngoac)
Bien n (X)
Bien oi (X,Y), hoi qui tuyen tnh
Bien oi (X,Y), hoi qui bac hai
Bien oi (X,Y), hoi qui logarit
Bien oi (X,Y), hoi qui ham mu e
Bien oi (X,Y), hoi qui ham mu ab
Bien oi (X,Y), hoi qui ham luy tha
Bien oi (X,Y), hoi qui nghch ao
Nhan phm nay:
(1-VAR)
(y = A + Bx) (A+BX)
(y = A + Bx + Cx2) ( _+CX2)
( y = A + Blnx) (ln X)
( y = AeBx) (e^X)
( y = ABx) (AB^X)
( y = AxB) (AX^B)
( y = A + B/x) (1/X)

Nhan bat k phm tren ( ti ) cho hien th Bo soan thao thong ke

Stat.
Lu y: Khi ban muon thay oi kieu tnh toan sau khi vao phng thc
STAT, hay thc hien thao tac phm (STAT)(Type) e hien th
man hnh la kieu tnh toan.

a d lieu vao
Dung bo soan thao thong ke Stat e a d lieu vao. Thc hien thao tac phm
sau e hien th bo soan thao thong ke Stat: (STAT)(Data).
Bo soan thao thong ke Stat cung cap 80 dong cho vao d lieu khi co
mot cot X, 40 dong khi co cot X va FREQ hay cot X va Y, hay 26 dong
khi co cot X, Y va FREQ.
Lu y: Dung cot FREQ (tan xuat) e a vao so lng (tan xuat) cua
cac khoan muc d lieu ong nhat. Hien th cot FREQ co the c bat
len (c hien th) hay tat i (khong c hien th) bang viec dung thiet
at dang thc Stat tren menu thiet at.

1 e la hoi qui tuyen tnh va a vao d lieu sau:

(170, 66), (173, 68), (179, 75)
STAT

(STAT)(A+BX)

STAT

170  173  179 AC

STAT

66  68  75 

ieu quan trong: Tat ca d lieu hien a vao trong bo soan thao thong
ke Stat eu b xoa i bat k khi nao ban ra khoi phng thc STAT,
chuyen gia kieu tnh toan thong ke bien n va bien oi, hay thay oi
thiet at dang thc Stat tren menu thiet at. Thao tac sau khong c
ho tr bi bo soan thao thong ke Stat: ;, ;(M), B(STO).
Pol, Rec, va a cau lenh cung khong the c a vao vi bo soan
thao thong ke Stat.
Vn-21
e thay oi d lieu trong mot o: Trong bo soan thao thong ke Stat,
chuyen con chay ti o co cha d lieu ban muon thay oi, a vao d
lieu mi, va the roi nhan .
e xoa mot dong: Trong bo soan thao thong ke Stat, chuyen con chay
ti dong ban muon xoa va roi nhan ).
e chen them mot dong: Trong bo soan thao thong ke Stat, chuyen
con chay ti v tr ban muon chen dong va roi thc hien thao tac phm
sau: (STAT)(Edit)(Ins).
e xoa tat ca noi dung cua bo soan thao Stat: Trong bo soan thao
thong ke Stat, thc hien thao tac phm sau: (STAT)(Edit)W
(Del-A).

Thu lay gia tr thong ke t d lieu vao

e thu lay gia tr thong ke, nhan  khi trong bo soan thao thong ke Stat
va the roi nh bien thong ke (Sx, 3x2 v.v.) ban muon. Cac bien thong ke
c ho tr va cac phm ban phai nhan e nh chung c neu di
ay. Vi cac tnh toan thong ke bien n, cac bien c anh dau bang
dau sao (*) la co san.
Sum: 3x2*, 3x*, 3y2, 3y, 3xy, 3x3, 3x2y, 3x4
(STAT) (Sum)  ti 
So cac khoan muc: n*, Trung bnh: M*, N, o lech chuan khong gian
mau: Sx*, Sy, o lech chuan mau: sx*, sy
(STAT) (Var)  ti 
Gia tr toi thieu: minX*, minY, Gia tr toi a: maxX*, maxY
(STAT) (MinMax)  ti 
(Khi tnh toan thong ke bien n c la)
(STAT) (MinMax)  ti 
(Khi tnh toan thong ke bien oi c la)
He so hoi qui: A, B, He so tng quan: r, Gia tr c lng: K, L
(STAT) (Reg)  ti 
He so hoi qui cho Hoi qui bac hai: A, B, C, gia tr c lng: K1, K2, L
(STAT) (Reg)  ti 
Xem bang cho bat au cua muc nay cua tai lieu nay ve cac cong thc
hoi qui.
K, K1, K2 va L khong phai la bien. Chung la cac ch lenh co kieu nhan
mot oi ngay trc chung. Xem "Tnh gia tr c lng" e biet them
thong tin.

2 e a vao d lieu bien n x = {1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5}, dung

cot FREQ e xac nh so lap cho tng khoan muc {xn; freqn}
= {1;1, 2;2, 3;3, 4;2, 5;1}, va tnh gia tr trung bnh va o lech
chuan khong gian mau.
(SETUP)A(STAT)(ON)
STAT
(STAT)(1-VAR)
1  2  3  4  5 AC
1232

(STAT)(Var)(M)

(STAT)(Var)(Sx)
Ket qua: Trung bnh: 3 o lech chuan khong gian mau: 1,154700538

Vn-22
 3 e tnh toan cac he so tng quan hoi qui tuyen tnh va hoi qui
logarit cho d lieu bien oi sau va xac nh cong thc hoi qui
cho tng quan manh nhat: (x, y) = (20, 3150), (110, 7310),
(200, 8800), (290, 9310). Xac nh Fix 3 (ba v tr thap phan) cho
ket qua.
(SETUP)A(STAT)(OFF)
(SETUP)(Fix)
STAT FIX
(STAT)(A+BX)
20  110  200  290 AC
3150  7310 8800  9310

(STAT)(Reg)(r)
(STAT)(Type)(In X)
(STAT)(Reg)(r)

(STAT)(Reg)(A)

(STAT)(Reg)(B)
Ket qua: He so tng quan hoi qui tuyen tnh: 0,923
He so tng quan hoi qui logarit: 0,998
Cong thc hoi qui logarit: y = 3857,984 + 2357,532lnx

Tnh gia tr c lng

Da tren cong thc hoi qui thu c bang tnh toan thong ke bien oi, gia
tr c lng cua y co the c tnh toan theo gia tr x a cho. Gia tr x
tng ng (hai gia tr, x1 va x2, trong trng hp hoi qui bac hai) cung co
the c tnh toan cho gia tr cua y trong cong thc hoi qui.

4 e xac nh gia tr c lng cho y khi x = 160 trong cong thc

hoi qui c tao ra bi hoi qui logarit cua d lieu trong 3 , xac
nh Fix 3 cho ket qua. (Thc hien thao tac sau ay sau khi
hoan thanh thao tac trong 3 ).
 160 (STAT)(Reg)(L)
Ket qua: 8106.898
ieu quan trong: Tnh toan he so hoi qui, he so tng quan, va gia
tr c lng co the ton thi gian ang ke khi co so ln cac khoan muc
d lieu.

Tnh toan phng trnh (EQN)

Ban co the dung thu tuc sau trong phng thc EQN e giai phng
trnh tuyen tnh ong thi vi hai hay ba an, phng trnh bac hai, va
phng trnh bac ba.
1. Nhan (EQN) e vao phng thc EQN.

Vn-23
2. Tren menu xuat hien, la kieu phng trnh.
e la kieu tnh toan nay: Nhan phm nay:
Phng trnh tuyen tnh ong thi (anX + bnY = cn)
vi hai an
Phng trnh tuyen tnh ong thi (anX + bnY + cnZ = dn)
vi ba an
Phng trnh bac hai (aX2 + bX + c = 0)
Phng trnh bac ba (aX3 + bX2 + cX + d = 0)

3. Dung bo soan thao he so Coefficient xuat hien e a vao cac gia tr

he so.
e giai 2x2 + x 3 = 0, chang han, nhan  bc 2, va roi a vao
ieu sau cho cac he so (a = 2, b = 1, c = 3): 213.
e thay oi gia tr he so ban a a vao, chuyen con chay ti o thch
hp, a vao gia tr mi, va roi nhan .
Nhan  se xoa tat ca cac he so thanh khong.
ieu quan trong: Cac thao tac sau khong c ho tr bi bo soan
thao he so Coefficient: ;, ;(M), B(STO). Pol, Rec va
a cau lenh cung khong the c a vao bang bo soan thao he so
Coefficient.
4. Sau khi tat ca cac gia tr ban muon a c a vao, nhan .
ieu nay se hien th nghiem. Moi lan nhan  se cho hien th mot
nghiem khac. Nhan  khi nghiem cuoi cung c hien th se tr lai
bo soan thao he so Coefficient.
Ban co the cuon gia cac nghiem bang viec dung cac phm A va
D.
e tr ve bo soan thao he so Coefficient trong khi bat k nghiem nao
c hien th, nhan .
Lu y: Cho du Hien th t nhien c la, nghiem cua phng trnh
tuyen tnh ong thi khong c hien th bang viec dung bat k dang nao
co cha . Cac gia tr khong the c chuyen oi thanh k phap k
nghe tren man hnh nghiem.

Thay oi thiet at kieu phng trnh hien thi

Nhan  (EQN) va roi la mot kieu phng trnh t menu xuat hien.
Thay oi kieu phng trnh lam cho cac gia tr cua moi he so bo soan
thao he so Coefficient b oi thanh khong.

V du tnh toan phng thc EQN

x + 2y = 3, 2x + 3y = 4
(EQN)(anX + bnY = cn) Math

123
234

 (X=) 1
A (Y=) 2

Vn-24
 x y + z = 2, x + y z = 0, x + y + z = 4
(EQN)(anX + bnY + cnZ = dn)
1  1  1  2  Math

1  1  1 0 
111 4

 (X=) 1
A (Y=) 2
A (Z=) 3
x2 + x + 3 = 0 
4
(EQN)(aX2 + bX + c = 0)
1 '2
(X1=) +
2 2 i
1  1  3  4 

1 '2
(X2=)
2 2 i
A

x2 2'
2x + 2 = 0 
(EQN)(aX2 + bX + c = 0)
1  2 2  2  (X=) '
2
x3 2x2 x + 2 = 0
(EQN)(aX3 + bX2 + cX + d = 0)
1  2  1  2  (X1=) 1
A (X2=) 2
A (X3=) 1

Tao ra bang so t ham (TABLE)

TABLE sinh ra bang so cho x va f(x) bang viec dung ham a vao f(x).
Thc hien cac bc sau e sinh ra bang so.
1. Nhan  (TABLE) e vao phng thc TABLE.
2. a vao ham di dang f(x), bang viec dung bien X.
Hay chac a vao bien X (#(X)) khi sinh ra bang so. Bat k bien
nao khac hn X cung eu b x tr nh hang.
ieu sau ay khong the c dung trong ham nay: Pol, Rec.
3. ap lai li nhac xuat hien, hay a vao cac gia tr ban muon dung,
nhan  sau moi gia tr.

Vi li nhac: a vao:
Start? Da vao gii han di cua X (mac inh = 1).
End? Da vao gii han tren cua X (mac nh = 5).
Lu y: Hay chac chan rang tr End luon luon ln
hn tr Start.

Vn-25
 a vao bc tang (mac nh = 1).
Lu y: Step xac nh cach gia tr Start phai tuan
t tang len khi bang so c sinh ra. Neu ban
Step?
xac nh Start = 1 va Step = 1, X se tuan t
c gan cac gia tr 1, 2, 3, 4 van van e sinh ra
bang so cho ti khi gia tr End c at ti.
a vao gia tr Step roi nhan  sinh ra va hien th bang so tng
ng vi cac tham bien ban xac nh.
Nhan  khi man hnh bang so c hien th se tr lai man hnh a
vao ham bc 2.
1
e sinh ra bang so cho ham f (x) = x2 + vi mien 1  x  1,
2
c tang theo bc 0,5 


(TABLE)



#(X)V
1  2



 1  1  0.5 

Lu y: Ban co the dung man hnh bang so ch e xem cac gia tr. Noi
dung bang khong the c sa oi. Thao tac sinh bang so lam cho noi
dung cua bien X b thay oi.
ieu quan trong: Ham ban a vao cho viec sinh bang so b xoa i bat k
khi nao ban hien th menu thiet lap trong phng thc TABLE va chuyen
gia Hien th t nhien va Hien th tuyen tnh.

Tnh toan bat phng trnh (INEQ)

Ban co the dung thu tuc sau e giai bat phng trnh bac hai hay bat
phng trnh bac ba.
1. Nhan  (INEQ) e vao phng thc INEQ.
2. Tren menu xuat hien, la kieu bat phng trnh.
e la kieu bat phng trnh
Hay nhan phm nay:
nay:
Bat phng trnh bac hai (aX2 + bX + c )
Bat phng trnh bac ba (aX3 + bX2 + cX + d )
3. Tren menu xuat hien, dung cac phm  ti  e la kieu k hieu bat
phng trnh va hng.
4. Dung bo soan thao he so Coefficient xuat hien ra e a vao cac gia
tr he so.
e giai x2 + 2x 3 < 0 chang han, a vao cac he so a = 1, b = 2, c
= 3 bang viec nhan 1 2  3 .
e thay oi gia tr he so ban va a vao, chuyen con chay ti o thch
hp, a vao gia tr mi, va roi nhan .

Vn-26
 Nhan  se xoa tat ca cac he so ve khong.
Lu y: Cac thao tac sau khong c ho tr bi bo soan thao he so
Coefficient: ;, ;(M), B(STO). Pol, Rec va a cau lenh
cung khong c a vao bang bo soan thao he so Coefficient.
5. Sau khi tat ca cac gia tr a la nh ban mong muon, nhan .
ieu nay se cho hien th nghiem.
e tr ve bo soan thao he so Coefficient trong khi nghiem ang c
hien th, nhan .
Lu y: Cac gia tr khong the c chuyen oi sang k phap k nghe tren
man hnh nghiem.

Thay oi kieu bat phng trnh

Nhan  (INEQ) va the roi la chon kieu bat phng trnh t menu
xuat hien. Thay oi kieu bat phng trnh lam cho cac gia tr cua moi he
so trong bo soan thao he so Coefficient oi thanh khong.

V du tnh toan theo phng thc INEQ

x2 + 2 x 3 < 0 
(INEQ)(aX2 + bX + c)

Math

(aX2 + bX + c < 0)

Math

1  2  3 

Math

x2 + 2 x 3 > 0

Math
(INEQ)(aX2 + bX + c)
(aX2 + bX + c > 0)
1  2  3 
Math

Lu y: Nghiem c hien th nh c
neu ay khi Hien th tuyen tnh c
la.

Vn-27
 2x3 3 x2 > 0 
Math
(INEQ)(aX3 + bX2 + cX + d)
(aX3 + bX2 + cX + d > 0)
2  3 
Math

3x3 + 3 x2 x 0 
Math
(INEQ)(aX3 + bX2 + cX + d)
(aX3 + bX2 + cX + d  0)
3  3  1 
Math

Math

CCC

Lu y: Cac nghiem c hien th nh neu

ay khi Hien th tuyen tnh c la.

Hien th nghiem ac biet

"All" xuat hien tren man hnh nghiem khi nghiem cua bat phng trnh
tat ca eu la so.

x2 >0 
Math
(INEQ)(aX2 + bX + c)
(aX2 + bX + c > 0)
1  0  0 

"NOT FOUND" xuat hien tren man hnh nghiem khi khong co nghiem
cho bat phng trnh (nh X2 < 0).

Tnh t so (RATIO)
Phng thc RATIO cho phep ban xac nh gia tr cua X trong bieu thc
t so a : b = X : d (hay a : b = c : X) khi cac gia tr a, b, c va d a c biet.
ieu sau ay ch ra thu tuc chung e dung RATIO.
1. Nhan  (RATIO) e vao phng thc RATIO.
2. Tren menu xuat hien, la (a : b=X : d) hay (a : b=c : X).
3. Treb man hnh bo soan thao he so Coefficient xuat hien, a vao cho
ti 10 ch so cho tng gia tr c yeu cau (a, b, c, d).
e giai 3 : 8 = X : 12 cho X, chang han, nhan  bc 1, va roi a
vao ieu sau cho cac he so (a = 3, b = 8, d = 12): 3  8  12 .

Vn-28
 e thay oi gia tr he so ban va a vao, chuyen con chay ti o thch
hp, a vao gia tr mi, va roi nhan .
Nhan  se xoa tat ca cac he so thanh khong.
Lu y: Cac thao tac sau khong c ho tr bi bo soan thao he so
Coefficient: ;, ;(M), B(STO). Pol, Rec va a cau lenh
cung khong c a vao bang bo soan thao he so Coefficient.
4. Sau khi tat ca cac gia tr a la nh ban mong muon, nhan .
ieu nay se cho hien th nghiem (gia tr cua X). Nhan  lan na se
tr lai bo soan thao he so Coefficient.
ieu quan trong: Loi Math ERROR se xuat hien neu ban thc hien tnh
toan trong khi 0 la cai vao cho mot he so.

Thay oi kieu bieu thc t so

Vao lai phng thc RATIO va la kieu bieu thc t so ban muon co t
menu xuat hien. Thay oi kieu bieu thc t so lam cho cac gia tr cua moi
he so cua bo soan thao he so Coefficient oi thanh khong.

V du tnh toan phng thc RATIO

e tnh X trong t so 1 : 2 = X : 10

(RATIO)

Math

(a : b=X : d) 1  2  10 

Math

e tnh X trong t so 1 : 2 = 10 : X

(RATIO)

Math

(a : b=c : X) 1  2  10 

Math

Vn-29
 Mien tnh toan, so ch so va o chnh xac
Mien tnh toan, so ch so c dung cho tnh toan ben trong, va o chnh
xac phu thuoc vao kieu tnh toan ban thc hien.

Mien tnh toan va o chnh xac

Mien tnh toan p1 1099 ti p9,999999999 1099 hay 0
So ch so cho tnh toan
15 ch so
ben trong
o chnh xac Noi chung, p1 tai ch so th 10 cho tnh
toan n. o chnh xac cho hien th mu
la p1 tai ch so t y ngha nhat. Sai so
b tch luy trong trng hp tnh toan
lien tiep.

Mien a vao tnh toan ham va o chnh xac

Ham Mien a vao
DEG 0  \x\ 9 109
sinx RAD 0  \x\ 157079632,7
GRA 0  \x\ 1 1010
DEG 0  \x\ 9 109
cosx RAD 0  \x\ 157079632,7
GRA 0  \x\ 1 1010
DEG Nh sinx, ngoai tr khi \x\ = (2n1) 90.
tanx RAD Nh sinx, ngoai tr khi \x\ = (2n1) P/2.
GRA Nh sinx, ngoai tr khi \x\ = (2n1) 100.
sin1x
0  \x\ 1
cos1x
tan1x 0  \x\ 9,999999999 1099
sinhx
0  \x\ 230,2585092
coshx
sinh1x 0  \x\ 4,999999999 1099
cosh1x 1  x 4,999999999 1099
tanhx 0  \x\ 9,999999999 1099
tanh1x 0  \x\ 9,999999999 101
logx/lnx 0  x 9,999999999 1099
10x 9,999999999 1099  x  99,99999999
ex 9,999999999 1099  x  230,2585092
'
x 0  x  1 10100
x2 \x\ 1 1050

Vn-30
 x 1 \x\ 1 10100 ; x & 0
3
x
 \x\ 1 10100
x! 0  x  69 (x la so nguyen)
0  n  1 1010, 0  r  n (n, r la so nguyen)
nPr
1  {n!/(nr)!}  1 10100
0  n  1 1010, 0  r  n (n, r la so nguyen)
nCr
1  n!/r!  1 10100 hay 1  n!/(nr)!  1 10100
\x\, \y\ 9,999999999 1099
Pol(x, y)
x2 + y2 9,999999999 1099
0  r 9,999999999 1099
Rec(r, Q)
Q: nh sinx
\a\, b, c  1 10100 ; 0  b, c
Hien th gia tr giay la chu e sai so 21 tai v tr thap
phan th hai.
\x\1 10100
Chuyen oi thap phan j he sau mi
000  \x\ 99999995959
x0: 1 10100 ylogx 100
x= 0: y 0 m
xy x 0: y = n, 2 +1 (m, n la so nguyen)
n
Tuy nhien: 1 10100 ylog \x\100
y0: x & 0, 1 10100 1/x logy 100
x y= 0: x 0

y y 0: x = 2n+1, 2n+1 (m & 0; m, n la so nguyen)
m
Tuy nhien: 1 10100 1/x log \y\100
Toan bo so nguyen, t so va mau so phai la 10 ch so
a b/c hay t hn (ke ca dau chia)
RanInt#(a, b) a b; \a\, \b\1 1010; b a 1 1010
o chnh xac ve can ban la nh a mo ta tai "Mien tnh toan va o chnh
xac" tren.
Cac ham kieu xy, ' x
y , 3, x!, nPr, nCr oi hoi tnh toan ben trong lien
tiep, ieu co the gay ra tch luy sai so thng xuat hien cho tng tnh
toan.
Sai so c tch luy co xu hng ln len trong lan can cua iem k d
va ien bung phat cua ham.
Mien ket qua tnh toan co the c hien th di dang P khi dung Hien
th T nhien la \x\ < 106. Tuy nhien, lu y rang sai so tnh toan ben trong
co the gay ra khong hien th c mot so ket qua tnh toan di dang P.
No cung co the lam cho ket qua tnh toan ang phai dang thap phan
lai xuat hien di dang P.

Loi
May tnh tay se hien th thong bao loi bat k khi nao loi xuat hien bi bat k
l do nao trong qua trnh tnh toan. Co hai cach e ra khoi hien th thong
bao loi: Nhan B va C e hien th v tr cua loi, hay nhan  e xoa
thong bao va tnh toan.
Vn-31
Hien th v tr loi
Trong khi thong bao loi ang c hien th, nhan B va C e tr ve
man hnh tnh toan. Con chay se c nh v tai v tr ni loi xuat hien,
san sang cho viec a vao. Hay lam nhng sa cha can thiet cho tnh
toan va thc hien lai no.

Khi ban a nham vao 14 0 2 = thay v 14 10 2 = H



14  0 2 



C (hay B)



B1

Xoa thong bao loi

Khi thong bao loi c hien th, nhan  e tr ve man hnh tnh toan.
Lu y rang ieu nay cung xoa tnh toan co cha loi.
Thong bao loi
Math ERROR
Nguyen nhan: Ket qua trung gian hay cuoi cung cua tnh toan ban ang
thc hien vt qua mien tnh toan cho phep. Cai vao cua ban vt qua mien
cai vao cho phep (ac biet khi dung cac ham). Tnh toan ban ang thc
hien cha phep toan toan hoc khong hp thc (nh chia cho khong).
Hanh ong: Kiem tra cac gia tr vao, giam bt so ch so, va th lai.
Khi dung bo nh oc lap hay bien lam oi cho ham, hay chac chan rang
bo nh hay gia tr bien ben trong mien cho phep oi vi ham o.
Stack ERROR
Nguyen nhan: Tnh toan ban ang thc hien a gay ra kha nang chong
so hay chong lenh b vt qua.
Hanh ong: n gian hoa bieu thc tnh toan e cho no khong vt qua
kha nang cua chong. Th chia tnh toan thanh hai hay nhieu phan.
Syntax ERROR
Nguyen nhan: Co van e vi dang thc cua tnh toan ban ang thc
hien.
Hanh ong: Lam sa cha can thiet.
Loi Insufficient MEM
Nguyen nhan: Cau hnh cua tham bien phng thc TABLE lam phat
sinh hn 30 gia tr-X can c sinh ra cho bang.
Hanh ong: Thu hep mien tnh toan cua bang bang cach thay oi Start,
End va nhng gia tr Step, roi th lai lan na.
Argument ERROR
Nguyen nhan: oi so khong nguyen la cai vao cho ham sinh so ngau
nhien (RanInt#).
Hanh ong: Ch a so nguyen vao oi so.

Vn-32
 Trc khi coi may tnh tay lam viec sai...
Hay thc hien cac bc sau bat k khi nao loi xuat hien trong tnh toan
hay khi ket qua tnh toan khong phai la ieu ban trong i. Neu mot bc
khong sa c van e, hay chuyen sang bc tiep.
Lu y rang ban phai lam cac ban sao tach rieng cua d lieu quan trong
trc khi thc hien cac bc nay.
1. Kiem tra bieu thc tnh toan e am bao rang no khong cha loi nao.
2. am bao rang ban ang dung ung phng thc cho kieu tnh toan
ban ang th thc hien.
3. Neu cac bc tren khong sa c van e cua ban, nhan phm .
ieu nay se lam cho may tnh tay thc hien mot trnh kiem tra lieu ham
tnh toan co van hanh ung khong. Neu may tnh tay phat hien ra bat k
bat thng nao, no t ong khi au lai phng thc tnh toan va xoa
noi dung bo nh. Chi tiet ve thiet at c khi au, xem trong "Lap
cau hnh thiet at may tnh tay".
4. Khi au tat ca cac phng thc va thiet at bang viec thc hien thao
tac sau: (CLR)(Setup)(Yes).

Thay the pin

Pin yeu c ch ra bi hien th m, cho du a ieu chnh o tng phan,
hay c ch ra bi viec khong hien hnh tren man hien th ngay sau khi
ban bat may tnh tay. Neu ieu nay xay ra, hay thay pin bang pin mi.
ieu quan trong: Viec thao pin ra se lam cho tat ca noi dung bo nh
cua may tnh tay b xoa het.
1. Nhan  (OFF) e tat may tnh tay. inh vt inh vt
2. Thao vo boc nh c ve trong minh hoa va
thay pin, can than lap ung cc dng (+) va
cc am ().
3. Lap lai vo.
4. Khi au may tnh tay:
(CLR)(All)(Yes)
ng bo qua bc tren!

ac ta
Yeu cau nguon: pin c AAA R03 (UM-4) 1
Tuoi tho pin xap x: 17 000 gi (hien th lien tuc vi con chay nhap
nhay)
Tieu thu nguon: 0,0002 W
Nhiet o van hanh: 0C cho ti 40C
Kch thc: 13,8 (C) 80 (R) 162 (D) mm
Trong lng xap x: 100 g ke ca pin

Vn-33
 Cau hoi thng gap
I Lam sao toi co the thc hien a vao va hien th ket qua theo cung
cach toi a lam tren mo en khong co Hien th sach t nhien?
Hay thc hien thao tac phm sau (SETUP)(LineIO). Xem
"Lap cau hnh thiet at may tnh tay" trang Vn-5 e biet them thong
tin.
I Lam sao toi co the thay oi c dang thc phan so sang dang
thc thap phan? Lam sao toi co the thay oi ket qua dang thc
phan so c tao ra bi phep chia cho dang thc thap phan?
Xem "Chuyen ket qua tnh toan" trang Vn-13 ve thu tuc nay.
I Khac biet la the nao gia bo nh Ans, bo nh oc lap va bien bo
nh?
Moi mot trong cac kieu bo nh eu hanh ong nh "bnh cha" cho
viec lu gi tam thi mot gia tr.
Bo nh Ans: Lu gi ket qua cua tnh toan cuoi cung c thc hien.
Dung bo nh nay e mang ket qua cua tnh toan nay sang tnh toan
khac.
Bo nh oc lap: Dung bo nh nay e co tong cac ket qua cua nhieu
tnh toan.
Bien: Bo nh nay co ch khi ban can dung cung mot gia tr nhieu lan
trong mot hay nhieu tnh toan.
I Thao tac phm nao a toi t phng thc STAT hay TABLE sang
phng thc toi co the thc hien tnh toan so hoc?
Nhan  (COMP).
I Lam sao toi co the a may tnh tay tr ve thiet at mac nh khi
au cua no?
Hay thc hien cac thao tac sau: (CLR)(Setup)(Yes)
I Khi toi thc hien mot tnh toan ham, tai sao toi thu c ket qua
tnh toan hoan toan khac vi cac mo en may tnh tay CASIO cu
hn?
Vi mo en Hien th sach t nhien, oi cua ham dung cac dau ngoac
tron phai co theo sau mot dau ngoac ong. Khong nhan  sau oi
e ong dau ngoac lai co the tao ra nhng gia tr khong mong muon
c a vao nh mot phan cua oi.

V du: (sin 30) + 15 B

Mo en S-VPAM cu: Q 30
15  15.5
Mo en Hien th sach t nhien: 1 Q 30 
15  15.5
Khong nhan  ay nh c neu di ay se tao ra tnh toan cua sin 45.
Q 30
15  0.7071067812

Vn-34
 Manufacturer:
CASIO COMPUTER CO., LTD.
6-2, Hon-machi 1-chome
Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 151-8543, Japan
Responsible within the European Union:
CASIO EUROPE GmbH
Casio-Platz 1
22848 Norderstedt, Germany

Dau hieu nay ch ap dung cac quoc gia khoi

Au Chau.
CASIO COMPUTER CO., LTD.
6-2, Hon-machi 1-chome
Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 151-8543, Japan

SA0904-B