> cars

speed dist

1 4 2

2 4 10

3 7 4

4 7 22

5 8 16

6 9 10

7 10 18

8 10 26

9 10 34

10 11 17

11 11 28

12 12 14

13 12 20

14 12 24

15 12 28

16 13 26

17 13 34

18 13 34

19 13 46

20 14 26

21 14 36

22 14 60

23 14 80

24 15 20
25 15 26

26 15 54

27 16 32

28 16 40

29 17 32

30 17 40

31 17 50

32 18 42

33 18 56

34 18 76

35 18 84

36 19 36

37 19 46

38 19 68

39 20 32

40 20 48

41 20 52

42 20 56

43 20 64

44 22 66

45 23 54

46 24 70

47 24 92

48 24 93

49 24 120

50 25 85
> head(cars)

speed dist

1 4 2

2 4 10

3 7 4

4 7 22

5 8 16

6 9 10

> ?cars()

starting httpd help server ... done

> #la anterior instruccin contextualiza el archivo

> str(cars)

'data.frame': 50 obs. of 2 variables:

$ speed: num 4 4 7 7 8 9 10 10 10 11 ...

$ dist : num 2 10 4 22 16 10 18 26 34 17 ...

> v=cars$speed

>v

[1] 4 4 7 7 8 9 10 10 10 11 11 12 12 12 12 13 13 13 13 14 14 14 14 15 15

[26] 15 16 16 17 17 17 18 18 18 18 19 19 19 20 20 20 20 20 22 23 24 24 24
24 25

> r=max(v)-min(v)

>r

[1] 21

> n=length(v)

>n

[1] 50

> mp = 1 + 3.3 * log10(n)

> mp

[1] 6.606601

> m = trunc(mp)

>m

[1] 6

> #m es el numero entero de grupos

> c = r/m

>c

[1] 3.5

> #c es laamplitud de cada grupo = rango/cantidad de grupos

> #se distribuyen en grupos de la misma amplitud

> ?table()

> table(cut(v, breaks = m))

(3.98,7.5] (7.5,11] (11,14.5] (14.5,18] (18,21.5] (21.5,25]

4 7 12 12 8 7

> save.image("C:\\Users\\Estudiante\\Desktop\\Worspace")

> # 4 autos registran velocidades entre 3.98 y 7.5;

> # 7 autos registran velocidades enter 7.5 y 11 .....

> #representacion grafica de y'i-1 - y'i

> (3.98+7.5)/2

[1] 5.74

> (7.5+11)/2

[1] 9.25

> (11+14.5)/2

[1] 12.75
> 14

[1] 14

> (14.5+18)/2

[1] 16.25

> (18+21.5)/2

[1] 19.75

> (25+21.5)/2

[1] 23.25

> # estos son los puntos medios o marca de clase de cada grupo

> ni = c(4,7,12,12,8,7)

> #creando un arreglo de la columna ni

> hi = ni/c

> hi = ni/n

> #hi es el porcentaje de los autos que presentan las velocidades

observadaspor grupo

> hi

[1] 0.08 0.14 0.24 0.24 0.16 0.14

> ni

[1] 4 7 12 12 8 7

> Ni = cumsum(ni)

> #Ni es el objeto con la suma acumulada de los ni

> Ni

[1] 4 11 23 35 43 50

> Hi = cumsum(hi)

> #Hi es el objeto con la suma acumulada de los hi

> Hi

[1] 0.08 0.22 0.46 0.70 0.86 1.00

> m = c(1,2,3,4,5,6)

> #m es elconjunto de cada grupo o mi

>m

[1] 1 2 3 4 5 6

> Li = c(3.98,7.5,11,14,18.21,21.5)

> #Grupo con los limites iniciales

> Li

[1] 3.98 7.50 11.00 14.00 18.21 21.50

> Ls = c(7.5,11,14.5,18,21.5,25)

> #Grupo con los limites superiores

> Yi = (Li+Ls)/2

> #Yi es el punto medio o velocidad promedio de cada grupo

> Yi

[1] 5.740 9.250 12.750 16.000 19.855 23.250

> tabla = dateframe(m,li,ls,Yi,ni,hi,Ni,Hi)

Error: could not find function "dateframe"

> tabla = dataframe(m,li,ls,Yi,ni,hi,Ni,Hi)

Error: could not find function "dataframe"

> tabla = data.frame(m,li,ls,Yi,ni,hi,Ni,Hi)

Error in data.frame(m, li, ls, Yi, ni, hi, Ni, Hi) :

object 'li' not found

> tabla = data.frame(m,Li,ls,Yi,ni,hi,Ni,Hi)

Error in as.data.frame.default(x[[i]], optional = TRUE) :

cannot coerce class ""function"" to a data.frame

> li

Error: object 'li' not found

> Li

[1] 3.98 7.50 11.00 14.00 18.21 21.50

> tabla = data.frame(m,Li,ls,Yi,ni,hi,Ni,Hi)

Error in as.data.frame.default(x[[i]], optional = TRUE) :

cannot coerce class ""function"" to a data.frame

>m

[1] 1 2 3 4 5 6

> Li

[1] 3.98 7.50 11.00 14.00 18.21 21.50

> ls

function (name, pos = -1L, envir = as.environment(pos), all.names = FALSE,

pattern, sorted = TRUE)

if (!missing(name)) {

pos <- tryCatch(name, error = function(e) e)

if (inherits(pos, "error")) {

name <- substitute(name)

if (!is.character(name))

name <- deparse(name)

warning(gettextf("%s converted to character string",

sQuote(name)), domain = NA)

pos <- name

all.names <- .Internal(ls(envir, all.names, sorted))

if (!missing(pattern)) {
 if ((ll <- length(grep("[", pattern, fixed = TRUE))) &&

ll != length(grep("]", pattern, fixed = TRUE))) {

if (pattern == "[") {

pattern <- "\\["

warning("replaced regular expression pattern '[' by '\\\\['")

else if (length(grep("[^\\\\]\\[<-", pattern))) {

pattern <- sub("\\[<-", "\\\\\\[<-", pattern)

warning("replaced '[<-' by '\\\\[<-' in regular expression pattern")

grep(pattern, all.names, value = TRUE)

else all.names

<bytecode: 0x0000000008a73920>

<environment: namespace:base>

> tabla = data.frame(m,Li,Ls,Yi,ni,hi,Ni,Hi)

> tabla

m Li Ls Yi ni hi Ni Hi

1 1 3.98 7.5 5.740 4 0.08 4 0.08

2 2 7.50 11.0 9.250 7 0.14 11 0.22

3 3 11.00 14.5 12.750 12 0.24 23 0.46

4 4 14.00 18.0 16.000 12 0.24 35 0.70

5 5 18.21 21.5 19.855 8 0.16 43 0.86

6 6 21.50 25.0 23.250 7 0.14 50 1.00