www.rejinpaul.

com
www.rejinpaul.com
UNIT IV ANALYTIC FUNCTIONS 1
PART A QUESTIONS 25. Find the image of z 2i 2 under the transformation w = .
z
1. Prove that f(z) = z3 is analytic. 26. Find the critical points of the transformation w2 ( z )( z ) .
2. Find the analytic region of f(z) = (x y)2 + i2(x + y) . 1
27. What is the image of the line x = k under the transformation .
3. Find the real and imaginary parts of f(z) = 2 z 3 3 z z
4. Test whether f(z) = z is analytic or not. 28. Find the image of the circle z 2 under the transformation w = z + 3
5. State sufficient condition for analytic function. + 2i.
6. State Cauchy- Riemann equations in polar coordinates satisfied by an 29.Under the transformation w = iz + i show that the half plane x > 0 maps
analytic function. into the half plane v > 1.
1 1 z
7. Test whether the function is analytic or not. 30. Find the invariant points of the mapping w = .
z 1 z
8. Give an example such that u and v are harmonic but u + iv is not
3z 4
analytic. 31. Find the fixed points of the transformation w =
9. State any two properties of analytic function z 1
10. State Cauchy- Riemann equations in Cartesian form. **********

11. Show that 2 2 is harmonic.
+
1
12. State the points where the function f(z) = is not analytic.
z 1
2

13. Verify if the function u( x, y) log x y

2 2
is harmonic or not.
14. Find the value of m so that the functin u 2 x x 2 my 2 is harmonic.
15. Prove that an analytic function with constant real part is constant.
16. If u + iv is analytic, show that v iu and v +iu are also analytic.
17. Find a function w such that w = u + iv is analytic if u e x sin y .
18. Construct an analytic function f(z) = u + iv given that v y e x cos y .
19. If u 3x 2 y y 3 find v if w = u + iv is an analytic function.
20. Define conformal mapping.
21. Find the image of the circle z r by the mapping w = z + C.
22. Find the points in the z-plane at which the mapping w = z + z-1 fails
to be conformal.
23. Find the image of the circle z 2 under the transformation w = 3z.
24. Find the image of the region x > c, where c > 0 under the
1
transformation w .
z
1

Download Useful Materials from Rejinpaul.com

 www.rejinpaul.com
www.rejinpaul.com
UNIT IV ANALYTIC FUNCTIONS Solution: Let w = f(z) = z . i.e., u + iv = x - iy
PART A u x, v y
1. Prove that f(z) = z3 is analytic. u x 1, vx 0
u y 0, v y 1
Solution: Given f(z) = z3. Put z = x + iy.
u iv ( x iy)3 x3 i3x 2 y 3xy 2 iy 3 ( x3 3xy 2 ) i(3x 2 y y 3 ) Here ux vy and hence C-R equations are not satisfied. The function z
is nowhere analytic.
5. State sufficient condition for analytic function.
u ( x, y ) x3 3xy 2 , v( x, y ) 3x 2 y y 3 and
Let w = f(z) = u(x, y) + iv(x, y) . If
u x 3x 2 3 y 2 vx 6 xy
u u v v
(i) , , , exist and are continuous and
u y 6 xy v y 3x 2 3 y 2 x y x y
We see that (i) ux , u y , vx , vy exists and are continuous everywhere. u v u v
(ii) , at every point of R in z-plane, then the
(ii) u x v y , u y vx . i.e., C-R equations are satisfied. x y y x
Hence f(z) = z3 is analytic. function w = f(z) is
2. Find the analytic region of f(z) = (x y)2 + i2(x + y) . analytic in the region R.
6. State Cauchy- Riemann equations in polar coordinates satisfied by
Solution: Given w = f(z) = (x y)2 + i2(x+y) an analytic function.
i.e., u + iv = (x y)2 + i2(x+y)
u ( x y)2 , v 2( x y) Let w = f(z) = f( rei ) = u(r, ) + iv(r, ) then the equations
u 1 v u v 1
u x 2( x y ), vx 2 , r i.e, ur v ,u rvr ;
r r r r
u y 2( x y ), v y 2
ux = vy only if 2(x y) = 2.i.e., if x y = 1. involving partial derivatives of u and v with respect to r and are called as
uy = -vx only if -2(x y) = - 2.i.e.,if x y = 1 C-R equations.
C- R equations are satisfied only if x y = 1. Hence the function 1
is analytic on x y =1. 7. Test whether the function is analytic or not.
z
3. Find the real and imaginary parts of f(z) = 2 z 3 3 z 1
Solution: Given f(z) = . Let z = rei . Therefore f(z) =
Solution: f(z) = 2 z 3 3 z = 2( x iy )3 3( x iy) z
1 1 1 1 i
= i
e i (cos i sin ) cos sin
1 1 re r r r r
u (r , ) cos , v(r , ) sin 2 x i 6 x y 6 xy i 2 y 3x i3 y
3 2 2 3
cos sin sin cos
r r ur 2
, vr 2 ; u v
r r r r
= (2 x3 6 xy 2 3x) i(6 x 2 y 2 y 3 3 y)
We see (i) ur , u , vr , v exits and are continuous everywhere except r =
Re(f(z))= 2 x3 6 xy 2 3x Im(f(z))= 6 x 2 y 2 y 3 3 y 0(i.e., z = 0)
4. Test whether f(z) = z is analytic or not.
2

Download Useful Materials from Rejinpaul.com

 www.rejinpaul.com
www.rejinpaul.com
u 1 v u v ( x 2 y 2 )2 (2 x) ( y 2 x 2 )2( x 2 y 2 )2 x 2 x3 6 xy 2
(ii) C-R equations , r are satisfied. ; uxx 2
r r r ( x 2 y 2 )4 ( x y 2 )3
1 2 xy ; u ( x y ) (2 x) 2 xy.2( x y )2 y 6 xy 2 x
2 2 2 2 2 2 3
Hence f(z) = is analytic everywhere except z = 0. uy 2
( x 2 y 2 )4 ( x 2 y 2 )3
yy
z ( x y 2 )2
8. Give an example such that u and v are harmonic but u + iv is not 2 x3 6 xy 2 6 xy 2 2 x3
analytic. uxx u yy 0
( x 2 y 2 )3 ( x 2 y 2 )3
u(x,y) satisies Laplace equation. Hence u ( x, y )
x is harmonic.
Solution : (i) Let w = z . i.e., u + iv = x - iy x2 y 2
u x 1, vx 0 12. State the points where the function f(z) = 1 is not analytic.
u x, v y z2 1
u y 0, v y 1
Here ux vy and hence C-R equations are not satisfied.
Solution: Let f(z) = 1 f ' ( z ) 2 2 z 2
The function z is nowhere analytic but u and v satisfies Laplace z 1
2
( z 1)
equation and hence harmonic. f(z) is not analytic when f (z) does not exist. i.e., when f ' ( z ) .
y
(ii) u = x 2 y 2 and v = 2 are harmonic but u + iv is not analytic. f ' ( z ) if ( z 2 1)2 0. i.e, if z i
x y2
9. State any two properties of analytic function 13. Verify if the function u( x, y) log x2 y 2 is harmonic or not.
1. The real and imaginary part of an analytic function w = u(x, y) + 1
1
Solution: u ( x, y ) log x y log( x y ) 2 2 log( x y )
2 2 2 2 2 2
iv(x, y) satisfies
Laplace equation. x y 2 x2
2. If w = u(x, y) + i v(x, y) is an analytic function then the curves of ux 2 u
x y 2 ; xx ( x 2 y 2 )2
the families
y x2 y 2
u(x, y) = a , v(x, y) = b cut each other orthogonally where a and b uy 2 ; u
are varying x y2 yy
( x 2 y 2 )2
constants. y 2 x2 x2 y 2
10. State Cauchy- Riemann equations in Cartesian form. u xx u yy 0 . Hence u is harmonic.
( x 2 y 2 )2 ( x 2 y 2 )2
Solution: Let w = f(z) = u(x, y) + iv(x, y), then the equations 14. Find the value of m so that the functin u 2 x x 2 my 2 is
u v u v
, i.e, ux = vy, uy = -vx; involving partial harmonic.
x y y x
derivatives of u and v with respect to x and y are called as Cauchy- u x 2 2 x; u xx 2
Solution:
Riemann equations.

u y 2my; u yy 2m
11. Show that + is harmonic.
Since u is harmonic, it satisfies Laplace equation.
x ( x2 y 2 ) 2 x2 y 2 x2
Solution: Let u ( x, y ) ux 2 u xx u yy 0 2 2m 0
x 2 y 2 => (x y )
2 2 2
( x y 2 )2
m 1
3

Download Useful Materials from Rejinpaul.com

 www.rejinpaul.com
www.rejinpaul.com
15. Prove that an analytic function with constant real part is constant. Solution: Given v y e x cos y ; vx e x cos y ; v y 1 e sin y
x

Solution: Let f(z) = u + iv be an analytic funtion. Given u is a Let f(z)= u + iv be the required analytic function.
Then f ( z ) ux ivx v y ivx (by C-R equations)
'
constant.i.e., u = c (say).Hence
u x 0; u y 0.
= (1 e x sin y ) ie x cos y
By C R equations v y u x 0 and vx u y 0. = (1 e z sin 0) ie z cos 0 (By Milne-
Since the partial derivatives of v with respect to both x and y are zero. v is Thomson rule)
a constant = c ' (say) = 1 ie z
Hence f(z) = c + i c ' = constant. On integrating, f ( z ) z ie z C , where C is a constant.
Therefore an analytic function with constant real part is constant.
16. If u + iv is analytic, show that v iu and v +iu are also analytic. 19. If u 3x 2 y y 3 find v if w = u + iv is an analytic function.

Solution: Give u + iv is analytic. Hence C-R equations are satisfied. i. e., Solution: Given u(x, y) = 3x 2 y y 3 ; u x 6 xy u y 3x 3 y
2 2

ux = vy, uy = -vx ------------>(1)

v v u u
Since the derivatives of u and v exists it is therefore continuous. dv dx dy dx dy
To Prove: v iu and v + iu is analytic. i.e., to prove: (i) x y y x
vx u y and v y u x u u
v dx (terms of not involving x)dy C
(ii) vx u y and vy ux . y x
ux , uy, vx, vy, are all continuous. Results (i) and (ii) follows from v (3x 2 3 y 2 )dx C x3 3 y 2 x C
equation(1). Since the derivatives of u and v exists from (1), the derivatives
of u and v should be continuous. 20. Define conformal mapping.
Hence the proof. A mapping or transformation w = f(z) is said to be conformal at a
17. Find a function w such that w = u + iv is analytic if u e x sin y . point, if it preserves angles between every pair of curves through that
point, both in magnitude and sense.
Solution: Given u e x sin y ; u x e x sin y ; u y e cos y
x

Let f(z)= u + iv be the required analytic function. 21. Find the image of the circle z r by the mapping w = z + C.
Then f ' ( z ) ux ivx u x iu y (by C-R equations)
Solution: Given z r i.e, x iy r ( x ) iy r
= e x sin y ie x cos y
= e z sin 0 ie z cos 0 (By Milne-Thomson ( x )2 y 2 r 2 , a circle with centre ( , 0) and radius r.
rule)
w = z + C implies u iv ( x iy ) (c1 ic2 ) u x c1 , v y c2
= - ie z
x u c1 , y v c2 .
On integrating, f ( z ) ie z C , where C is a constant.
18. Construct an analytic function f(z) = u + iv given that Therefore the image is given by (u c1 )2 (v c2 )2 r 2 , a circle of
v y e x cos y . same radius with centre shifted through a distance C c12 c2 2

Download Useful Materials from Rejinpaul.com

 www.rejinpaul.com
www.rejinpaul.com
22. Find the points in the z-plane at which the mapping w = z + z-1 Solution: The transformation equations of w
1
are x = 2 u 2 ,
fails to be conformal. z u v
v 1
Solution: The point at which the mapping is not conformal is the critical y= ; x2 y 2 z 2i 2 x iy 2i 2
point. u v2
2
u v2 2

dw dz x i( y 2) 2 x 2 ( y 2)2 4 x 2 y 2 4 y 0
The critical points are given by 0 and 0.
dz dw i.e, a circle with centre (0, 2) and radius 2.
dw 1 dw 1 1 4v 1
1 2 ; Hence 0 1 2 0 .i.e., z 2 1, z 1 x2 y 2 4 y 0 2 2 0 1 4v 0 i.e., v
dz z dz z u v 2
u v 2
4
dz z 2 26. Find the critical points of the transformation w2 ( z )( z ) .
0 2 0 .i.e., z 2 0, z 0
dw z 1 Solution: The critical points of the transformation can be obtained from
Hence the critical points are z 0, z 1 dw dz
0 and 0.
23. Find the image of the circle z 2 under the transformation dz dw
w2 ( z )( z ) ------>(1) diff (1) w. r. t. z we get
w = 3z.
dw dw 2 z ( )
Solution: Given curve in z-plane: z 2 x iy 2 x 2 y 2 4 , a 2w =- 2 z ( ) , =
dz dz 2w
circle with centre origin and radius 2. dw
Given transformation is w = 3z u iv 3 x i3 y u 3x; v 3 y 0 z
dz 2
u v dz
x ,y 0 w 0 w2 0 ( z )( z ) 0 z ,
3 3 dw
The critical points are , , .
2 2
Image in w-plane: u v 4 u 2 v 2 36 , a circle with centre
2
3 3
origin and radius 6. 1
27. What is the image of the line x = k under the transformation .
24. Find the image of the region x > c, where c > 0 under the z
transformation w 1 . Solution: The transformation equations of w 1 are x = u ,
z z u 2 v2
1 y = v ;
Solution: The transformation equations of w are x = u ; u 2 v2
z u v2
2
u
x = k implies u
v k ; u 2 v2 0 . This corresponds to the circle
y = 2 . u 2 v2 k
u v2
with centre 1 , 0 and radius 1 .
u > c ie., u u
x > c implies u 2 v 2 u 2 v 2 0 . This represents 2k 2k
u v
2 2
c c
28. Find the image of the circle z 2 under the transformation w = z
1
the interior of the circle u 2 v 2 u 0 with centre
, 0 and radius 1 . + 3 + 2i.
c 2c 2c
1
25. Find the image of z 2i 2 under the transformation w = .
z
5

Download Useful Materials from Rejinpaul.com

 www.rejinpaul.com
www.rejinpaul.com
Solution: Given z 2 ; x iy 2 ,i.e., x 2 y 2 4 , a circle with centre UNIT - III - ANALYTIC FUNCTIONS
origin and radius 2. PART - B
w = z + 3 + 2i u iv ( x iy ) (3 2i ) u iv ( x 3) i ( y 2) 1. If f (z) = u (x, y) + iv (x, y) is an analytic function, then prove
u x 3; v y 2 i.e., the transformation equations are that the family of curves u (x, y) = c1 and v(x, y) = c2
x u 3, y v 2 . cut each other orthogonally where c1 and c2 are varying
x 2 y 2 4 (u 3)2 (v 2) 2 4 i.e., u 2 v 2 6u 4v 9 0 , a constants.
circle with centre (3, 2) and radius 2. 2. If f (z) is a regular function of z, prove that
Hence a circle with centre origin and radius 2 in z-plane is mapped to a 2 2 2
f ( z) 2
4 f ' ( z) .
circle with centre (3, 2) and radius 2 in w-plane (shifted by 13 units). x 2 2
y
29.Under the transformation w = iz + i show that the half plane x > 0
maps into the half plane v > 1. 3. If w i represents the complex potential for an
x
Solution: Given transformation w = iz + i electric field and x 2 y 2 2 , find .
u iv i ( x iy ) i u iv i ( x 1) y x y2
i.e., u = -y, v = x+1. The transformation equations are x = v-1, y = -u. 4. Determine the analytic function whose real part is
x > 0 implies v 1 >0 i. e, v > 1. e 2 x ( x cos 2 y y sin 2 y ).
Hence the proof.
5. Use Milne Thomson method to find the harmonic conjugate u
30. Find the invariant points of the mapping w = 1 z .
1 z of v e x [2 xy cos y ( y 2 x 2 ) sin y ], where u + iv is the
Solution: The invariant points are given by z = 1 z . analytic function.
1 z 6. If f ( z ) u iv is an analytic function, find f (z ) if
z z 1 z
2
z 2 z 1 0 z 1 2
2

v log ( x 2 y 2 ) x 2 y.
2 xy
7. Show that the function u e sin( x y ) is harmonic.
3z 4 2 2
31. Find the fixed points of the transformation w =
z 1
Solution: The fixed points are given by z = 3z 4 Find the conjugate function v and express u + iv as an
z 1 analytic function of z.
z 2 z 3 z 4 z 2 4 z 4 0 z 2, 2 sin 2 x
8. Given that u , find the analytic function
cos h 2 y cos 2 x
whose real part is u.
9. Show that the function u ( x, y ) 3x 2 y 2 x 2 y 3 2 y 2 is
harmonic. Find the conjugate harmonic function v and
express u + i v as an analytic function of z.
10. Construct the analytic function f ( z ) u i v given that
2u 3v e x (cos y sin y ) .
6

Download Useful Materials from Rejinpaul.com

 www.rejinpaul.com
www.rejinpaul.com
11. Given that f (z) = u + i v is an analytic function and u + v =
e x (cos y sin y ), find f (z).
2z 3
12. Show that the transformation w maps the circle
z4
x 2 y 2 4 x 0 on to the straight line 4u 3 0.
1
13. Under the transformation w , find the image of the circle
z
1 1
| z 1 | 1 and the infinite strip y .
4 2
14. Find the image of the circle | z 3i | 3 under the map
1
w .
z
15. Find the bilinear transformation that maps the points 1+i, -i,
2-i of the z-plane into the points 0,1,i of the w-plane.
16. Find the bilinear mapping which maps (-1, 0 ,1) of the z
plane onto (-1, -i, 1) of the w plane. Show that under this
mapping, the upper half of the z plane maps onto the
interior of the unit circle w 1
17. Find the bilinear transformation which maps the points i, -1,
1 of the z-plane into the points 0, 1, of the w plane
respectively.

Download Useful Materials from Rejinpaul.com