A Study of Electric Vehicle Charging

Station Progress in Malaysia

Adam Junid
DAT201509-02102
Contents:

1)Intro Slide 3
2)Problem Statement & Objective Slide 20
3)Survey Interview Results Slide 21
4)Conclusions Slide 31
 Global CO2 emissions by industry (2009)

Source: http://petrolog.typepad.com/climate_change/2009/09/carbon-emissions-from-aircraft-and-ships.html
 Electric Vehicle Charging Station
Installation Progress in Malaysia
What are electric vehicles (EVs)?
Vehicles that run on electricity. Available EVs in Malaysia are as follows:

EV Nissan Leaf Mitsubishi i-MiEV Renault Zoe Renault Twizy

Year launched 2013 2013 2015 2015
Price (2015) RM180k RM136k RM139k RM80k
Range, km 195 150 210 100
Battery kWh 24 16 22 6.1
RM/kWh 7.5k 8.5k 6.3k 13.1k
Motor kW(bhp) 80(107) 47(63) 71(95) 13(17)
Weight, kg 1521 1080 1468 450
W/kg 53 44 48 29
0-100km/h, s 9.5 12.1 12.6 NA
 Nissan Leaf

Source: http://paultan.org/2012/09/14/nissan-leaf-test-drive-review-six-weeks-with-an-ev/
 Nissan Leaf

Source: http://www.carenginediagrams.com/nissan-leaf-battery-86/
 Mitsubishi i-MiEV

Source: http://myimiev.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=2&t=96
 Mitsubishi i-MiEV

Source: http://insideevs.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/cutaway-imiev.jpg
 Renault Zoe

Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=leCvPAUhMa0
 Renault Zoe

Source: http://www.renaultzeforum.com/forums/archive/index.php/thread-94-2.html
 Renault Twizy

Source: http://www.telegraph.co.uk/motoring/columnists/neil-lyndon/9464926/Renaults-Twizy-youre-better-off-on-a-bicycle.html
 Renault Twizy

Source: http://www.motortrader.com.my/news/renault-twizy-electric-car-available-for-purchase-in-malaysia/renault-twizy-3/
 What are EV charging stations?
Terminals/stations where EVs can recharge their battery:

Source: http://www.motortrend.com/news/the-electric-vehicle-road-trip-test/
Source: http://insideevs.com/dc-quick-charging-battle-just-beginning-chademo-vs-sae-combo-vs-tesla-supercharger/
Source: http://www.motortrend.com/news/the-elect http://www.citylab.com/tech/2014/05/problem-finding-electric-vehicle-charging-stations-just-got-sunnier/9006/
Source: http://insideevs.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/233.jpg
Source http://www.solarenviro.in/2014/12/solar-powered-car-charging-stations/
Source http://www.energytrends.org/states-create-incentives-for-electric-vehicle-charging-stations/
Source http://www.energytrends.org/low-supply-of-ev-charging-stations-creates-conflict-2//
Problem Statement:

How effective has Malaysian EV charging installation been,

what are its barriers, and how can they be overcome?

Further specific research objectives to respond to the above

research question:

1) Planned vs actual progress of EV charging station installation

2) Barriers to effective installation progress

3) How to overcome such barriers

 Planned vs Actual EV stations:
Survey Questions 1 & 2
1) What are your company's/agency's planned targets for EV Charging Station
installations?
a) 300 Charging Stations by end-2015
b) 300 Charging Stations by end-2016
c) 260 Charging Stations by end-2015
d) 260 Charging Stations by end-2016
e) 25,000 Charging Stations by 2020
f) Other : _______________________

2) What are your company's/agency's current achievements for EV Charging Stations,

in terms of amount of stations installed so far?
a) 31-40 installed
b) 21-30 installed
c) 11-20 installed
d) 1-10 installed
e) Other / more precise amount (if available): _____________________
 Result for survey Questions 1 & 2
1) What are your company's/agency's planned targets for EV Charging Station
installations?
2) What are your company's/agency's current achievements for EV Charging
Stations, in terms of amount of stations installed so far?
300
EV stations

30 30
5 N/A N/A
2013-5 2016 2013-5 2016 2013-5 2016

Nissan Mitsubishi Renault

Findings:
1) Targets unlikely to be met at existing EV station installation rate
2) EV manufacturers will need more government/regulatory incentives for EV
charging stations to meet targets
 Barriers to EV stations:
Survey Questions 3 & 4
3) What barriers do you face when installing such stations?
Please rank in terms of most difficult to overcome:
Rank
a) Equipment cost ____
b) Land cost ____
c) Regulatory approvals ____
d) Poor/uncertain payback ____
e) Lack of shade ____
f) Vandalism ____
g) Other: ______________ ____

4) How much does it cost a premise owner to install an EV charging station, broken down into
equipment, labour & land? Please tick one row in each column:

Other subjective feedback: ___________________________________________

 Result for survey Question 3
3) What barriers do you face when installing such stations?
14

12

10

8
Sum

6
Ranking

0
a) Equipment Cost b) Land Cost c) Regulatory d) Poor/Uncertain e) Lack of Shade f) Vandalism
Approvals payback
Barriers to EV stations

Findings:
1) Payback and lack of shade are not major barriers
2) However, capital cost, regulatory approvals and vandalism are significant barriers
 Result for survey Question 4
4) How much does it cost a premise owner to install an EV charging station, broken
down into equipment, labour & land?
RM
35000
30000
25000
20000 Land
15000 Labour
10000 Equipment
5000
0 N/A N/A
Nissan Mitsubishi Renault

Findings:
1) Land cost exceeds equipment and labour cost combined
2) At existing TNB tariffs, an EV charging station loaded at 50% of the time may still
be profitable
 Result for survey Question 4
4) How much does it cost a premise owner to install an EV charging station, broken
down into equipment, labour & land?
RM Total EV station cost estimates
35000
30000
25000 22kW
EV
20000 station

15000 22kW
EV
Cost of EV stations, RM
10000 station
7kW
5000 EV
station
0
Nissan Mitsubishi Renault

Findings:
1) 7kW (slow charge) EV station costs about 1/10th of rapid charge EV station
2) Worst-case (highest case) estimate for EV rapid charge station may still be
profitable
 Ways to Overcome Barriers:
Survey Question 5
5) If the following became a reality:
(i) EVs cost, look and perform similarly to your preferred petrol/diesel/hybrid car in terms of
speed and acceleration, and
(ii) 100km EV range recharge in 10 minutes were available at every petrol station,
what would be your highest acceptable recharge price per 100km of EV driving range which
would make you decide on making your next vehicle an EV ? *
a) RM5 - <RM10
b) RM10 - <RM15
c) RM15 - <RM20
d) RM20 - <RM30
e) RM30 - <RM50
f) I cannot accept a 100km range limit for every 10 minutes of charging
 Result for survey Question 5
5) ..what would be your highest acceptable recharge price per 100km of EV driving
range which would make you decide on making your next vehicle an EV ?

Willing RM cost per 100km range

25
20
15
Willing RM cost per
10 100km range
5
0
Nissan Mitsubishi Renault

Findings:
1) Depending on owner budget, respondents were willing to pay between RM5
RM20 per 100km EV charge
2) EV station operators may charge anywhere in the above range and still make a
profit, provided TNB tariffs do not increase
 Ways to Overcome Barriers:
Survey Question 6
6) What actions/policies/practices would you recommend to overcome the main barriers to EV
charging station installation progress? Please rank your recommendations:
Rank
a) Install EV stations at petrol stations ____
b) Install more EV stations at car parks ____
c) Develop regulations that enforce a minimum % of EV-only parking ____
d) Allow free charging indefinitely at all EV stations ____
e) Ensure sufficient EV stations to allow driving anywhere in Malaysia ____
f) Other: ______________ ____
 Result for survey Question 6
6) What actions/policies/practices would you recommend to overcome the main
barriers to EV charging station installation progress?

Action/practices/policies to overcome barriers to EV charging stations

16

14

12

10

4
Ranking
2

0
a) Install EV b) Install more EV c) Develop d) Allow free e) Ensure
stations at petrol stations at car regulations that charging sufficient EV
stations parks enforce a indefinitely at all stations to allow
minimum % of EV- EV stations driving anywhere
only parking in Malaysia

Findings:
1) The strongest recommendation is to ensure EV charging stations are available to
drive anywhere in Malaysia using an EV
2) Another strong recommendation is to ensure petrol stations have EV charging
 Overall Conclusions
Current EV station Significant barriers to There is potential for EV
progress may fall EV station installations station operator profit,
behind targets unless are land/equipment even at worst-case
there are more cost, regulatory (highest TNB) tariff and
government/regulatory approvals, and lowest price charged to
incentives vandalism/theft EV users

Strongest
Another strong
recommendation is to
recommendation is to
ensure there are
install EV charging
sufficient EV charging
station(s) at petrol
stations for EVs to drive
stations
anywhere in Malaysia