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1. A well is producing at a constant flow rate of 400 STB/day under unsteady-state (transient)
flow condition. Properties of the reservoir are in the following Table. Assume that the
reservoir is infinite acting
Properties Values
Oil formation volume factor, Bo 1.25 res. bbl/STB
Permeability, k 200 md
Porosity, 15 %
Viscosity, o 1.5 cp
Pay thickness, h 15 ft
Wellbore radius, rw 0.25 ft
Total compressibility factor, ct 12 x 10-6 psi-1
Initial reservoir pressure, pi 5000 psi
After 1 hour of production & using the Ei-function approach (Line Source Approach),
find:
Note: Solution to the diffusivity equation as proposed by Mathews and Russel (1967) is
given below and the graphical Ei-function is attached.
70.6Qo o Bo 948 o ct r
2
p r , t pi Ei
kh kt
948ct r 2
x
kt
E i ( x ) ln( 1.781x )
when x is less than 0.01, then ,
e u
du
x
u
when 0.01<x<3.0 then, Ei(-x) is estimated from the correlation,
TUTORIAL 1 RE2 (Jan 2016)
E i (x) 0
when x is more than 10.9, then
TUTORIAL 1 RE2 (Jan 2016)
TUTORIAL 1 RE2 (Jan 2016)
2. A well is producing at a constant flow rate of 400 STB/day under unsteady-state (transient)
flow condition. Properties of the reservoir are in the following Table. Assume that the
reservoir is infinite acting
Properties Values
Oil formation volume factor, Bo 1.25 res. bbl/STB
Permeability, k 40 md
Porosity, 20 %
Viscosity, o 1.5 cp
Pay thickness, h 15 ft
Wellbore radius, rw 0.25 ft
Total compressibility factor, ct 12 x 10-6 psi-1
Initial reservoir pressure, pi 5000 psi
After 24 hours of production & using the Ei-function approach (Line Source Approach),
find:
Note: Solution to the diffusivity equation as proposed by Mathews and Russel (1967) is
given below and the graphical Ei-function is attached.
70.6Qo o Bo 948 o ct r
2
p r , t pi Ei
kh kt
948ct r 2
x
kt
E i ( x ) ln( 1.781x )
when x is less than 0.01, then ,
e u
du
x
u
when 0.01<x<3.0 then, Ei(-x) is estimated from the correlation,
TUTORIAL 1 RE2 (Jan 2016)
E i (x) 0
when x is more than 10.9, then
TUTORIAL 1 RE2 (Jan 2016)
i. Calculate the pressure at the wellbore (Pwf) after 0.01 hour, 1 hour, and 10 hours
of production at 23 m3/day.
RESERVOIR DATA
porosity, 21%
formation volume factor, Bo 1.13 res m3/ stb
net thickness of formation, h 53 m
viscosity of reservoir oil, 10 x 10-3 Pa.s
wellbore radius, rw 0.075 m
external radius, re 150 m
initial reservoir pressure , Pi 83 bar
permeability, k 140 mD
compressibility, c 0.2 x 10-7 Pa-1
kt
tD
ct rw2
Dimensionless time
For tD less than 1000, refer to table by Hurst and Everdinger (attached).
For tD more than 1000, estimate PD by 0.5(ln tD + 0.80907).
re
reD
rw
Dimensionless radius, (i.e. checking the flow is transient or pseudo-steady state)
Pi P (r , t )
PD
Qo B o o
2kh
Dimensionless pressure is defined by
where parameters are in SI (metric) units (i.e. pressure in Pa, radial distance in m,
time in second, flow rate in m3/s, viscosity in Pa.s, permeability in m2, and
thickness in m)
1 bar = 105 Pa
TUTORIAL 1 RE2 (Jan 2016)
i. Calculate the pressure at the wellbore (Pwf) after 0.01 hour, 1 hour, and 10 hours
of production at 23 m3/day.
RESERVOIR DATA
porosity, 11%
formation volume factor, Bo 1.13 res m3/ stb
net thickness of formation,
h 53 m
viscosity of reservoir oil, 10 x 10-3 Pas
wellbore radius, rw 0.075 m
external radius, re 150 m
initial reservoir pressure , Pi 83 bar
permeability, k 50 mD
compressibility, c 0.2 x 10-7 Pa-1
kt
tD
ct rw2
Dimensionless time,
For tD less than 1000, refer to table by Hurst and Everdinger (attached).
For tD more than 1000, estimate PD by 0.5(ln tD + 0.80907).
re
reD
rw
Dimensionless radius, (i.e. checking the flow is transient or pseudo-steady state)
Pi P (r , t )
PD
Qo B o o
2kh
Dimensionless pressure is defined by
where parameters are in SI (metric) units (i.e. pressure in Pa, radial distance in m,
time in second, flow rate in m3/s, viscosity in Pa.s, permeability in m2, and
thickness in m)
5. A gas well with a wellbore radius of 0.25 ft is producing at a constant flow rate of 4000
MScf/day under transient flow conditions. The initial shut-in pressure is 4400 psi at 140
o
F. The formation permeability and thickness are 20 md and 5 ft respectively. The
porosity is recorded as 15%. Properties of the gas well as well as values of real gas
potential m(p) as a function of pressures are shown in the following Table. Assume that
the initial total isothermal compressibility is 3 x 10-4 psi-1. Equations applicable for
compressible fluids are given below.
i. Calculate the bottom hole flowing pressure, Pwf after 1.5 hours, 5 hours and 24
hours
0.000264kt
tD
i cti rw2
Dimensionless time , where units of parameters are: k (md), t (hour),
(cp), c (psi-1), r (ft)
e 0.5772
Eulers constant,
Real gas potential (i.e Exact solution to the diffusivity equation), m(p)
1637Q g T 4t
m( p wf ) m( pi ) log D
kh
, where T (oR)
TUTORIAL 1 RE2 (Jan 2016)
Hint: oR = oF + 460o
6. A gas well with a wellbore radius of 0.25 ft is producing at a constant flow rate of 4000
MScf/day under transient flow conditions. The initial shut-in pressure is 4400 psi at 140
o
F. The formation permeability and thickness are 200 md and 10 ft respectively. The
porosity is recorded as 15 %. Properties of the gas well as well as values of real gas
potential m(p) as a function of pressures are shown in the following Table. Assume that
the initial total isothermal compressibility is 3 x 10-4 psi-1. Equations applicable for
compressible fluids are given below.
i. Calculate the bottom hole flowing pressure, Pwf after 1.5 hours, 5 hours and 24
hours
0.000264kt
tD
i cti rw2
Dimensionless time , where units of parameters are: k (md), t (hour),
(cp), c (psi-1), r (ft)
e 0.5772
Eulers constant,
Real gas potential (i.e Exact solution to the diffusivity equation), m(p)
TUTORIAL 1 RE2 (Jan 2016)
1637Q g T 4t
m( p wf ) m( pi ) log D
kh
, where T (oR)
Hint: oR = oF + 460o
7. An Oil well is developed on the center of a 50-acre square-drilling pattern. The well is
producing at a constant flow rate of 800 STB/day under a semi steady-state condition.
The reservoir has the following properties:
20%
h 30ft
k 200mD
1.5cp
Bo 1.2bbl/STB
Ct 6 1
25* 10 ps i
Pi 4500psi
rw 0.25ft
A 50 acres
i. Calculate the bottom-hole flowing pressure at 10, 20, 50 and 100 hr.
iv. What is the decline in the average reservoir pressure from t=10 to t=200 hr?
Expression of Pwf, as derived from the solution to the diffusivity equation with shape
factor effect is,
0.23396QBt 162.6QB 4A
p wf pi log 2
Ahct kh 1.781C A rw
Where
TUTORIAL 1 RE2 (Jan 2016)
k = permeability, md
A = drainage area, ft2
CA = shape factor, from the given Appendices
Q = flow rate, STB/day
t = time, hr
Ct
= total compressibility coefficient, psi-1
8. An Oil well is developed on the center of a 40-acre hexagonal-drilling pattern. The well
is producing at a constant flow rate of 800 STB/day under a semi steady-state condition.
The reservoir has the following properties:
10%
h 30ft
k 200mD
1.5cp
Bo 1.2bbl/STB
Ct 6 1
25* 10 ps i
Pi 4500psi
rw 0.25ft
A 40 acres
iv. What is the decline in the average reservoir pressure from t=10 to t=200 hr?
Expression of Pwf, as derived from the solution to the diffusivity equation with shape
factor effect is,
0.23396QBt 162.6QB 4A
p wf pi log 2
Ahct kh 1.781C A rw
Where
k = permeability, md
A = drainage area, ft2
CA = shape factor, From the given Appendices
Q = flow rate, STB/day
t = time, hr
Ct
= total compressibility coefficient, psi-1
9. An Oil well is developed on the center of a 40-acre triangle-drilling pattern. The well is
producing at a constant flow rate of 800 STB/day under a semi steady-state condition.
The reservoir has the following properties:
15%
h 30ft
k 200mD
1.5cp
Bo 1.2bbl/STB
Ct 6 1
25* 10 ps i
Pi 4500psi
rw 0.25ft
A 40 acres
iv. What is the decline in the average reservoir pressure from t=10 to t=200 hr?
Expression of Pwf, as derived from the solution to the diffusivity equation with shape
factor effect is,
0.23396QBt 162.6QB 4A
p wf pi log 2
Ahct kh 1.781C A rw
Where
k = permeability, md
A = drainage area, ft2
CA = shape factor, From the given Appendices
Q = flow rate, STB/day
t = time, hr
Ct
= total compressibility coefficient, psi-1
TUTORIAL 1 RE2 (Jan 2016)
10. An Oil well is developed on the center of a 40-acre rhombus-drilling pattern. The well is
producing at a constant flow rate of 800 STB/day under a semi steady-state condition.
The reservoir has the following properties:
20%
h 30ft
k 200mD
1.5cp
Bo 1.2bbl/STB
Ct 6 1
25* 10 ps i
Pi 4500psi
rw 0.25ft
A 40 acres
iv. What is the decline in the average reservoir pressure from t=10 to t=200 hr?
Expression of Pwf, as derived from the solution to the diffusivity equation with shape
factor effect is,
0.23396QBt 162.6QB 4A
p wf pi log 2
Ahct kh 1.781C A rw
Where
k = permeability, md
A = drainage area, ft2
CA = shape factor, From the given Appendices
Q = flow rate, STB/day
t = time, hr
Ct
= total compressibility coefficient, psi-1
TUTORIAL 1 RE2 (Jan 2016)